Journal articles: 'Phlegar'

1

WARDELL, R., K. PREM, B. J. COWLING, and A. R. COOK. "The role of symptomatic presentation in influenza A transmission risk." Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 4 (December 5, 2016): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816002740.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARYComputer models can be useful in planning interventions against novel strains of influenza. However such models sometimes make unsubstantiated assumptions about the relative infectivity of asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, or conversely assume there is no impact at all. Using household-level data from known-index studies of virologically confirmed influenza A infection, the relationship between an individual's infectiousness and their symptoms was quantified using a discrete-generation transmission model and Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. It was found that the presence of particular respiratory symptoms in an index case does not influence transmission probabilities, with the exception of child-to-child transmission where the donor has phlegm or a phlegmy cough.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Brocklehurst, Robert John, and Daniel Watt. "Consider Phlebas …" Performance Research 15, no. 1 (March 2010): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13528165.2010.485756.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

ŻABKA, MAREK. "Phlegra Simon, 1876, Phintella Strand 1906 and Yamangalea Maddison, 2009 (Arachnida: Araneae: Salticidae)— new species and new generic records for Australia." Zootaxa 3176, no. 1 (January 27, 2012): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3176.1.3.

Full text

Abstract:

Phlegra Simon, Phintella Strand and Yamangalea Maddison are newly recorded from Australia, each genus beingrepresented here by one new species: Phlegra proszynskii, Phintella monteithi and Yamangalea lubinae. The diagnoses and descriptions are provided and remarks on distribution are given.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Berger, W. H. "FRED B. PHLEGER: PIONEER OF FORAMINIFERAL ECOLOGY." Journal of Foraminiferal Research 24, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.24.3.148.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Baldwin, Barry. "Photius, Phlegon, and Virgil." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 20, no. 1 (January 1996): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/byz.1996.20.1.201.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Grawe, Lukas. "„Den russischen Volkscharakter kennzeichnet eine ausgesprochene Indolenz …“." Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas 66, no. 4 (2018): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/jgo-2018-0018.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Zhang, Zhiguo, and Jingqing Hu. "Recent Advances and Perspective of Studies on Phlegm Syndrome in Chinese Medicine." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6463270.

Full text

Abstract:

This review paper summarized the current situation of studies on the essence of phlegm syndrome and relation between phlegm syndrome, diseases, and therapeutics based on published English articles. In studies on the essence of phlegm syndrome, omic technologies were used to explore the molecular basis of phlegm syndrome; in studies on relation between phlegm syndrome and diseases, discovery of markers of phlegm syndrome in diseases becomes a hotspot; the distribution of phlegm syndromes in some common chronic diseases was found; in the therapy of phlegm syndrome, two therapeutic models, treatment with CM formula and treatment with a combination of CM formula and Western medicine, were used most frequently. It is certainly that using one omic technology is not able to deal with the complexity of phlegm syndrome and that the use of a combination of multiple omic methods will be a trend in future studies. Meanwhile, for rapidly increasing clinical research quality of phlegm syndrome, a series of agreed criteria, such as syndrome diagnostic criteria and efficacy criteria clinical studies of phlegm syndrome, needed to be established urgently, and there was an urgent need of standardizing syndrome names in English.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ko, Mi Mi, Byoung Kab Kang, Ji Hye Lim, Myeong Soo Lee, and Min Ho Cha. "Genetic Association of NPY Gene Polymorphisms with Dampness-Phlegm Pattern in Korean Stroke Patients." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/109796.

Full text

Abstract:

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is widely expressed in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, has an important role in a variety of biological fields. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of NPY polymorphisms in dampness-phlegm pattern and non-dampness-phlegm pattern in elderly Korean subjects with cerebral infarction (CI). A total of 1.097 subjects (498 normal subjects and 599 CI patients, including 198 with dampness-phlegm pattern and 401 with non-dampness-phlegm pattern) participated in this study. Genotyping for five SNPs (G-1484A, C-1471T, C-399T, A1201G, and C5325T) was conducted by primer extension. The results were statistically analyzed for genetic association of NPY-polymorphisms with normal versus dampness-phlegm pattern or non-dampness-phlegm pattern subjects. Among the five SNPs tested, the T allele of C-399T has a negative association with the dampness-phlegm pattern and is marked by a decrease in serum cholesterol levels. Furthermore, serum cholesterol levels were significantly higher in dampness-phlegm pattern patients than in non-dampness-phlegm pattern patients.In this study, for the first time, the association of NPY polymorphisms with pattern identification (PI) of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) was analyzed in a large CI patient population.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Logunov, D. V., and G. N. Azarkina. "New species and records of Phlegra from Africa (Araneae, Salticidae)." Revue suisse de zoologie. 113 (2006): 727–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.80371.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Gallagher, Colman, Frances E. G. Butcher, Matt Balme, Isaac Smith, and Neil Arnold. "Landforms indicative of regional warm based glaciation, Phlegra Montes, Mars." Icarus 355 (February 2021): 114173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2020.114173.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Xu, Yifeng, Renling Zhang, Robert Morris, Feng Cheng, Yiqin Wang, Zhujing Zhu, and Yiming Hao. "Metabolite Characteristics in Tongue Coating from Damp Phlegm Pattern in Patients with Gastric Precancerous Lesion." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (June 2, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5515325.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective. In this study, we analyzed the metabolite profile of the tongue coating of patients having gastric precancerous lesion (GPL) with damp phlegm pattern and proposed a mechanism of pathological transition. Methods. The changes in tongue-coating metabolites in patients with GPL damp phlegm pattern were analyzed using GC-TOF-MS and UHPLC-QE-MS metabolomics methods. Results. When compared with 20 patients who did not exhibit a nondamp phlegm pattern, 12 metabolites were highly expressed and 10 metabolites were under expressed in 40 cases of damp phlegm pattern, of which involved 9 metabolic pathways. Compared with 15 healthy people, 134 metabolites were upregulated and 3 metabolites were downregulated in 40 cases exhibiting a damp phlegm pattern, of which involved 17 metabolic pathways. The patients with damp phlegm pattern were compared with nondamp phlegm pattern patients and healthy people, the main differential metabolites were primarily lipids and lipid-like molecules, and the main differential metabolic pathways were related to glycerophospholipid metabolism. In the glycerophospholipid metabolism, the metabolites with changes were phosphatidylethanolamine and lysoPC(18 : 1 (9z)). Among them, phosphatidylethanolamine exists in the synthesis stage of glycerophospholipid metabolism.Conclusions. Abnormal expression of lipids and lipid-like molecules, as the major metabolic change, was involved in the formation of GPL patients with damp phlegm pattern.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Halim, Ricky Gustian, Siti Chandra Widjanantie, and Selly C. Anggoro. "Active Cycle Breathing Exercise on Post Tuberculosis Bronchiectasis." Indonesian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 7, no. 02 (November 1, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36803/ijpmr.v7i02.141.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) has remained as a major global health issue in Indonesia. Bronchiectasisfrequently occurs in healing process, followed by excessive phlegm and low physical activity.Methods: A case presentation of 49 years old female diagnosed as bronchiectasis post tuberculosis,difficulty to clear the phlegm, and inactive. Patient has undergone pulmonary rehabilitation by activecycle breathing exercise, 5 days a week, 30 minute/session, for 2 weeks.Results: There was no dyspnea, patient easily remove phlegm, and can be more active, after cyclebreathing exercise program.Conclusion: Active cycle breathing exercise effective to relieve dyspnea, improving patient ability toclearance the phlegm, and increase physical activity.Keywords: Bronchiectasis, active cycle breathing exercise, phlegm clearance, physical activity

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Mayor, Adrienne, and William Hansen. "Phlegon of Tralles' Book of Marvels." Journal of American Folklore 112, no. 446 (1999): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/541504.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Hao, Yiming, Xue Yuan, Jin Yan, Minh Pham, Dekai Rohlsen, Peng Qian, Feng Cheng, and Yiqin Wang. "Metabolomic Markers in Tongue-Coating Samples from Damp Phlegm Pattern Patients of Coronary Heart Disease and Chronic Renal Failure." Disease Markers 2019 (September 8, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4106293.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, we used tongue coating to obtain metabolites in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic renal failure (CRF). The metabolites were analyzed to discover the substance that serves as the underlying basis of the damp phlegm pattern. This analysis is based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory of “different diseases have the same pattern.” The metabolic spectrum was obtained through the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry coupling techniques and analyzed by searching the METLIN and HMDB databases. Some metabolites related to amino acids and glucose metabolism were identified in the tongue-coating samples from damp phlegm pattern patients by comparing them to nondamp phlegm pattern patients and healthy subjects. In addition, there were five common metabolites in the tongue-coating samples from CHD damp phlegm pattern patients compared to CRF damp phlegm pattern patients, which allowed us to understand the theory of “different diseases have the same pattern.” In the future, the metabolites identified in this study may be used as noninvasive and convenient biomarkers to distinguish the damp phlegm pattern of CHD and CRF patients.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Wang, Ji, Qi Wang, Lingru Li, Yingshuai Li, Huimin Zhang, Luyu Zheng, Lingling Yang, et al. "Phlegm-Dampness Constitution: Genomics, Susceptibility, Adjustment and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 41, no. 02 (January 2013): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x13500183.

Full text

Abstract:

The constitution of traditional Chinese medicine was established in 1970s by Chinese scholars, in which the constitutions of Chinese people were classified into nine types for study. The phlegm-dampness constitution is one of the nine constitutions and is the most common type in constitution study. Genomics studies found four upregulated genes: COPS8, GNPDA1, CD52 and ARPC3; and six downregulated genes: GSPT2, CACNB2, FLJ20584, UXS1, IL21R and TNPO in the phlegm-dampness constitution. Gene functional analyses on genes affecting the differences between the phlegm-dampness constitution and the balanced constitution indicated that people with phlegm-dampness constitution were susceptible to hyperlipemia and diabetes. Results of epidemiological surveys also revealed that people with phlegm-dampness constitution have a much higher risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes than people with a balanced constitution. Therefore, differentiation of phlegm-dampness constitution could be performed in the normal population with the Constitution of Chinese Medicine Scale to estimate the risks of those diseases for prediction. For people with phlegm-dampness constitution, Chinese medicine could be used to reduce risk of related diseases. Constitution-based strategies in disease prevention and treatment are consistent with the current proposed 4P medical mode (personalized, predictive, preventive and participatory). With the rising burden of global disease and increasing medical expenditure, the objectives of medicine are transforming from treatment to prevention. Thus, studies on the phlegm-dampness constitution of traditional Chinese medicine are significantly important for the prediction and prevention of related diseases and maintenance of human health.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Zhang, Ning, Chang Li, Ying Guo, and Hai-cui Wu. "Study on the Intervention Effect of Qi Gong Wan Prescription on Patients with Phlegm-Dampness Syndrome of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Intestinal Flora." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (September 29, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6389034.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective. This was a population-based cohort study, to compare the type and structure of intestinal flora in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with phlegm-dampness syndrome, nonphlegm-dampness syndrome, and normal population. Besides, changes in the intestinal flora and the clinical curative effects of Jiawei Qi Gong Wan on phlegm-dampness syndrome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were evaluated. Patients and Methods. A total of 22 patients with PCOS with phlegm-dampness syndrome, 21 PCOS patients with nonphlegm-dampness syndrome, and 20 control volunteers were selected for this study. The general index, sex hormone index, fasting blood glucose (FPG), and serum fasting insulin (FINS) were determined in each of the groups. The intestinal flora of each group was determined by the 16s rDNA high-throughput sequencing technique. Besides, the PCOS with phlegm-dampness syndrome group was treated with Jiawei Qi Gong Wan, and the changes in TCM syndrome, sex hormone index, BMI, WHR, FPG, FINS, HOMA-IR, and intestinal flora were determined before and after treatment. Results. PCOS patients with phlegm-dampness syndrome showed characteristics of obesity and insulin resistance. There were several differences in both structure and function of the intestinal flora between PCOS patients with phlegm-dampness syndrome, PCOS patients with nonphlegm-dampness syndrome, and the control group. An imbalance in the intestinal flora may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of PCOS with phlegm-dampness syndrome and also has a specific influence on glucose and lipid metabolism, obesity, and the menstrual cycle in PCOS patients with phlegm-dampness syndrome. Besides, the imbalance is associated with a decrease in the number of butyrate-producing bacteria, an increase in the number of lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria, and an increase in proinflammatory bacteria. The intestinal flora in PCOS patients with phlegm-dampness syndrome was found to be linked to obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and hyperandrogenemia. Treatment with Jiawei Qi Gong Wan was found to increase the diversity of intestinal flora, increase the number of intestinal probiotics, and improve the structure and functional genes of intestinal flora which improved the state of insulin resistance, regulated endocrine metabolism, and improved the overall symptoms. Conclusions. Intestinal flora imbalance is a key factor in the pathogenesis of PCOS with phlegm-dampness syndrome. Besides, Jiawei Qi Gong Wan improves insulin resistance which is linked to the status of the intestinal flora in PCOS patients with phlegm-dampness syndrome.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Zhang, Qiu-Yan, Hao Liang, Hou-Wu Gong, Hui-yong Huang, Xiao-qing Zhou, and Xiang Sun. "Correlations between Phlegm Syndrome of Chinese Medicine and Coronary Angiography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/751743.

Full text

Abstract:

Phlegm is one of the most common patterns of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chinese medicine. Our research was aimed at investigating the association between phlegm syndrome of CAD and coronary angiography (CAG) by meta-analysis. According to inclusion criteria, a total of 30 studies involving 5,055 CAD patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that phlegm syndrome patients were prone to multivessel disease (28 studies, OR = 1.53, 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.88,P<0.01) and higher Gensini score (2 studies, OR = 5.90, 95% CI, 1.86 to 9.94,P=0.004), but not obviously relevant to severe stenosis (≥75%) of coronary arteries (13 studies, OR = 1.20, 95% CI, 0.63 to 2.27,P=0.57). We concluded that the coronary arteries lesions of CAD patients with phlegm syndrome were more severe than those with nonphlegm syndromes. Phlegm syndrome should, therefore, be regarded as a dangerous pattern of CAD with worse prognosis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Jayaweera, Gihani U., Savithri W. Wimalasekera, and Sampatha E. Goonewardena. "Respiratory symptoms and associated factors among women exposed to biomass fuel smoke in Sri Lanka: cross sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 7 (June 26, 2020): 2475. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20202968.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Biomass fuel smoke is a leading cause of indoor air pollution. It is a known risk factor for respiratory diseases. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and associated factors among women exposed to biomass fuel smoke in Sri Lanka.Methods: Women (n=600) were assessed using questionnaires to determine base line data, cooking fuel use, respiratory symptoms (MRC respiratory symptoms questionnaire) and diagnosed respiratory diseases. Kitchen characteristics were determined by direct observation. Sample frequencies were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine the associations. Results: Majority (64.1%) were biomass fuel users. Their mean age was 47 years ±14 SD. Majority 99.2% were never smokers. Prevalence of cough, phlegm, cough and phlegm, wheeze, breathlessness and diagnosed asthma was 14%, 16%, 9.9%, 22%, 22.3%, and 6.3% respectively. Use of biomass fuel was related to any respiratory symptom (OR=1.9; p<0.05), cough (OR=1.9; p<0.05), phlegm (OR=2.0; p<0.05), cough and phlegm (OR=2.7; p<0.05), wheezing (OR=2.0; p<0.05) and breathlessness (OR=2.0; p<0.05). Use of biomass fuel in an outdoor kitchen was associated with cough (OR=2.8, p<0.05), phlegm (OR=4.6, p<0.05), cough and phlegm (OR=3.1, p<0.05) and breathlessness (OR=2.1, p<0.05). Use of biomass fuel in a kitchen with neither chimney nor windows was associated with phlegm (OR=2.9, p<0.05) and cough and phlegm (OR=3.0, p<0.05).Conclusions: Use of biomass fuel for cooking in an outdoor kitchen and in a kitchen with neither chimney nor windows were positively associated with respiratory symptoms in non-pregnant women exposed to biomass fuel smoke in Sri Lanka.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Han, Xiuxiu, Yonghong Gao, Bin Ma, Ying Gao, Yikun Sun, Ru Jiang, and Yayun Wang. "The Clinical Relevance of Serum NDKA, NMDA, PARK7, and UFDP Levels with Phlegm-Heat Syndrome and Treatment Efficacy Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Acute Ischemic Stroke." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/270498.

Full text

Abstract:

According to the methods of Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) based on the patient reports internationally and referring to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guide, some scholars developed this PRO of stroke which is consistent with China’s national conditions, and using it the feel of stroke patients was introduced into the clinical efficacy evaluation system of stoke. “Ischemic Stroke TCM Syndrome Factor Diagnostic Scale (ISTSFDS)” and “Ischemic Stroke TCM Syndrome Factor Evaluation Scale (ISTSFES)” were by “Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (number 2003CB517102).” ISTSFDS can help to classify and diagnose the CM syndrome reasonably and objectively with application of syndrome factors. Six syndrome factors, internal-wind syndrome, internal-fire syndrome, phlegm-dampness syndrome, blood-stasis syndrome, qi-deficiency syndrome, and yin-deficiency syndrome, were included in ISTSFDS and ISTSFES. TCM syndrome factor was considered to be present if the score was greater than or equal to 10 according to ISTSFDS. In our study, patients with phlegm-heat syndrome were recruited, who met the diagnosis of both “phlegm-dampness” and “internal-fire” according to ISTSFDS. ISTSFES was used to assess the syndrome severity; in our study it was used to assess the severity of phlegm-heat syndrome (phlegm-heat syndrome scores = phlegm-dampness syndrome scores + internal-fire syndrome scores).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Logunov, Dmitri V., and Stefania Hęciak. "Asianellus, a new genus of the subfamily Aelurillinae (Araneae: Salticidae)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 27, no. 1 (1996): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631296x00223.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractA new genus, Asianellus gen. n., is proposed to accommodate the festivus species group of Aelurillus Simon (or Phlegra Simon). Four species are recognized: Asianellus festivus (C.L. Koch), comb. n. (= pichoni Schenkel, syn. rev.); A. potanini (Schenkel), comb. n.; A. ontchalaan sp. n.; and A. kazakhstanicus sp. n. Descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps are provided for all species.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Yang, Jia, and Junchao Yang. "Clearing heat and resolving phlegm for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with the syndrome of phlegm-heat obstruction of the lung." Journal of International Medical Research 48, no. 8 (August 2020): 030006052094550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520945502.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of clearing heat and resolving phlegm for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with the syndrome of phlegm-heat obstruction of the lung. Methods This was a real-world retrospective cohort study of inpatients at our institution from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they received oral traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for clearing heat and resolving phlegm or routine treatment (controls). Efficacy and safety indicators were analyzed. Propensity score matching was used to control for confounding factors. Results Among 488 patients, 164 (82 pairs) were successfully matched. The changes in neutrophils (%) and C-reactive protein levels were more significant in the TCM group than in the control group. The duration of fever was significantly shorter in the TCM group than in the control group. Conclusions The therapy of clearing heat and resolving phlegm might effectively control the inflammatory reaction of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with the syndrome of phlegm-heat obstruction of the lung, especially for those with fever. Nevertheless, large-scale and prospective studies are required to provide a higher quality of evidence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Shi, J. "The phlegm theory of gastric cancer." Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine 9, no. 6 (June 15, 2011): 581–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3736/jcim20110601.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Chae, Hee-Sung, Sun Young Kim, Pisey Pel, Jungmoo Huh, Sun-Woo Joo, Yun Young Lim, Shin Jung Park, Jong Lae Lim, and Young-Won Chin. "Standardized Extract of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba and Fructus Schisandrae Ameliorates Coughing and Increases Expectoration of Phlegm." Molecules 25, no. 13 (July 4, 2020): 3064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25133064.

Full text

Abstract:

Cough and phlegm frequently occur in respiratory diseases like upper respiratory tract infections, acute bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. To relieve these symptoms and diseases, various ingredients are being used despite the debates on their clinical efficacy. We aimed to investigate the effects of the extract CKD-497, composed of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba and Fructus Schisandrae, in relieving cough and facilitating expectoration of phlegm. CKD-497 was found to inhibit inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse macrophages and transient receptor potential cation channel 1 (TRPV-1)-overexpressed human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by capsaicin. CKD-497 decreased the viscosity of the mucin solution. During in vivo experiments, CKD-497 reduced coughing numbers and increased expectoration of phlegm via mucociliary clearance enhancement. Collectively, these data suggest that CKD-497 possesses potential for cough and phlegm expectoration treatment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Finocchio, Eliana, Mario Olivieri, Giang Nguyen, Oscar Bortolami, Pierpaolo Marchetti, Roberta Vesentini, Lorena Torroni, et al. "Effects of Respiratory Disorders on Smoking Cessation and Re-Initiation in an Italian Cohort Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18030903.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study aims to prospectively assess the influence of respiratory disorders on smoking cessation and re-initiation. Three population-based Italian cohorts answered a questionnaire on respiratory health and smoking habits during 1998–2001 and after a mean follow-up (SD) of 9.1 (0.8) years. Out of 1874 current smokers and 1166 ex-smokers at baseline, 965 (51.5%) and 735 (63.0%) reported their smoking status at follow-up. From current smokers, 312 had stopped smoking at follow-up, while 86 ex-smokers had resumed smoking. People reporting asthma at baseline were more likely to stop smoking than the other subjects (48.6% vs. 31.7%), while people reporting allergic rhinitis or chronic cough/phlegm had a higher probability to resume smoking (16.7% vs. 10.5% and 20.7% vs. 10.4%, respectively). In the multivariable logistic model, smoking relapse strongly decreased with increasing abstinence duration in people without chronic cough/phlegm (OR for ≥7.5 years vs. <7.5 years = 0.23, 95% CI 0.20–0.27), while no effect was detected in people with chronic cough/phlegm (p for interaction = 0.039). Smoking cessation was enhanced in asthmatic subjects, while people with allergic rhinitis or chronic cough/phlegm were at higher risk to resume smoking. Chronic cough/phlegm blunted the decrease in smoking resumption associated with longer abstinence duration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Pakadang, Sesilia Rante, Santi Sinala, Alfrida Monica Salasa, St Ratnah, Sisilia Teresia Rosmala Dewi, and Maria Hilaria. "Potential of Miana Leaf Extract as Expectorant (Profile Place of Growing, Antioxidant, Sputum Contaminants, Antibacterial, MIC, MKC Expectorant)." Majalah Obat Tradisional 25, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mot.52500.

Full text

Abstract:

Research has been conducted on the treatment of phlegm cough with miana leaf extract in vitro (effective dose of miana leaf extract as an expectorant and antibacterial agent causing cough with phlegm). The study aims to compare the antioxidant activity of miana leaves from 3 locations where it grows, determine the types of contaminant bacteria in the sputum of cough sufferers, determine the minimum value of inhibitor concentration (MIC) and MKC of miana leaves against the test bacteria causing cough with phlegm, determine the effective dose of miana leaves that can used as a reference for coughing up phlegm and proving the potential of miana leaves as a sputum thinner. Miana leaf extraction is done by the juicer method. Antioxidant activity testing uses the DPPH method. Determination of test bacteria is done by isolating and identifying contaminant bacteria in the sputum sample of cough with phlegm. Testing the effectiveness of miana leaves against test bacteria is determined by the liquid dilution method. Expectorant activity testing was determined by measuring the viscosity of mucus viscosity of cow intestine treated with miana leaf extract. The results found that antioxidant activity was influenced by the location where miana leaves grew with an antioxidant potential of IC72 0.072 mg/ml - 0.76 mg/ml. Contaminant bacteria from sputum samples of cough patients are Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterobacter agglomerans. MIC values for contaminant bacteria are 0.1% - 0.75% and MKC values are found between 0.25% - 1.75%. miana leaf extract has the potential as a sputum thinner at a concentration of 0.01% - 0.1%. The recommended dose of miana leaf extract as a cough with phlegm is 1.75% w/v.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Cha, Min Ho, A. Daniel Jones, Mi Mi Ko, Chen Zhang, and Myeong Soo Lee. "Metabolic Profiles Distinguish Non-Dampness-Phlegm and Dampness-Phlegm Patterns among Korean Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/517018.

Full text

Abstract:

Traditional Korean Medicine classifies stroke into four subtype patterns according to symptomatic pattern identification: Qi deficiency (QD), Yin deficiency (YD), Dampness-phlegm (DP), and Fire and Heat (FH). This study investigated the difference in metabolic profiles of plasma comparing subjects displaying non-DP and DP patterns. A total of 141 patients with cerebral infarction enrolled in this study were distributed as non-DP (N=68) and DP (N=73). Anthropometric parameters and symptom/sign index were measured. Metabolic profiling was performed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Ratio of subjects with slippery pulse was higher in DP pattern, but fine pulse was lower than that in non-DP pattern. As a result of metabolomics analysis, twenty-one metabolites displayed different levels between non-DP and DP patterns. Two were identified as lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), LPC(18:2), and LPC(20:3) having an unsaturated acyl chain and showed lower levels in DP pattern than in non-DP pattern (P=0.015, 0.034, resp.). However, the saturated LPCs, LPC(18:0) and LPC(16:0), exhibited slight but statistically insignificant elevation in DP pattern. Our results demonstrated that plasma LPCs with polyunsaturated fatty acid groups were associated with DP pattern and suggest that variation of plasma lipid profiles may serve as potential biomarker for diagnosis of DP pattern.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Zhang, Yin, Ajian Zhou, Yue Liu, Ying Zhao, Li Zhang, Leilei Sun, Shiyu Du, et al. "Exploratory Factor Analysis for Validating Traditional Chinese Syndrome Patterns of Chronic Atrophic Gastritis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6872890.

Full text

Abstract:

Background.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has long been used to treat chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the TCM syndrome characteristics of CAG and its core pathogenesis so as to promote optimization of treatment strategies.Methods.This study was based on a participant survey conducted in 4 hospitals in China. Patients diagnosed with CAG were recruited by simple random sampling. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on syndrome extraction.Results.Common factors extracted were assigned to six syndrome patterns:qideficiency,qistagnation, blood stasis, phlegm turbidity, heat, andyangdeficiency. Distribution frequency of all syndrome patterns showed thatqideficiency,qistagnation, blood stasis, phlegm turbidity, and heat excess were higher (76.7%–84.2%) compared withyangdeficiency (42.5%). Distribution of main syndrome patterns showed that frequencies ofqideficiency,qistagnation, phlegm turbidity, heat, andyangdeficiency were higher (15.8%–20.8%) compared with blood stasis (8.3%).Conclusions.The core pathogenesis of CAG is combination ofqideficiency,qistagnation, blood stasis, phlegm turbidity, heat, andyangdeficiency. Therefore, treatment strategy of herbal prescriptions for CAG should include herbs that regulateqi, activate blood, resolve turbidity, clear heat, remove toxin, and warm yang.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Park, Junghyun, Tae Joon Choi, Ki Sung Kang, and Seo-Hyung Choi. "The Interrelationships between Intestinal Permeability and Phlegm Syndrome and Therapeutic Potential of Some Medicinal Herbs." Biomolecules 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11020284.

Full text

Abstract:

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has an intriguing and critical role beyond digestion in both modern and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), as demonstrated by its link with the immune system. In this review, we attempted to explore the interrelationships between increased GI permeability and phlegm, an important pathological factor in CAM, syndrome, and therapeutic herbs for two disorders. The leaky gut and phlegm syndromes look considerably similar with respect to related symptoms, diseases, and suitable herbal treatment agents, including phytochemicals even though limitations to compare exist. Phlegm may be spread throughout the body along with other pathogens via the disruption of the GI barrier to cause several diseases sharing some parts of symptoms, diseases, and mechanisms with leaky gut syndrome. Both syndromes are related to inflammation and gut microbiota compositions. Well-designed future research should be conducted to verify the interrelationships for evidence based integrative medicine to contribute to the promotion of public health. In addition, systems biology approaches should be adopted to explore the complex synergistic effects of herbal medicine and phytochemicals on conditions associated with phlegm and leaky gut syndromes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Karunanayake, Chandima P., Donna C. Rennie, Punam Pahwa, Yue Chen, and James A. Dosman. "Predictors of Respiratory Symptoms in a Rural Canadian Population: A Longitudinal Study of Respiratory Health." Canadian Respiratory Journal 18, no. 3 (2011): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/838703.

Full text

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Predictors of new and long-term respiratory symptoms for rural residents are not well defined.OBJECTIVE: To identify early predictors of respiratory symptoms in a rural community population.METHODS: The study population consisted of 871 adults living in the rural community of Humboldt, Saskatchewan, who participated in two cross-sectional respiratory studies conducted in 1993 and 2003. Questionnaire information obtained at both time points included respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm and wheeze), history of allergy, smoking, and information regarding home and farm environments. Transitional modelling, in which measurement in a longitudinal sequence is described as a function of previous outcomes, was used to predict later outcomes of cough, phlegm and wheeze. Asymptomatic individuals in 1993 were assessed to determine factors associated with the development of symptoms during the study period.RESULTS: The prevalences of cough, phlegm and wheeze in 1993 were 16.1%, 18.1% and 25.5%, respectively. Change in symptoms over time was significant for cough, phlegm and wheeze. The adjusted ORs (95% CI) from separate transitional models for each respiratory outcome in 1993 that predicted the same symptom in 2003 were 6.32 (4.02 to 9.95) for cough, 14.36 (9.01 to 22.89) for phlegm and 6.40 (4.40 to 9.32) for wheeze. For asymptomatic individuals in 1993, home dampness, allergic reaction to inhaled allergens and cigarette smoking were major risk factors associated with respiratory symptoms that were reported in 2003.CONCLUSION: The presence of previous respiratory symptoms, allergies and environmental exposures can predict the occurrence of future respiratory symptoms in adults.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Qin, Limei. "Application Value of Lung-Fire-Clearing, Phlegm-Resolving, and Bowels-Relaxing Decoction in Treating Lung Cancer of Phlegm-Heat Pattern." Proceedings of Anticancer Research 5, no. 4 (July 29, 2021): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/par.v5i4.2358.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: This article explores the clinical effects of lung-fire-clearing, phlegm-resolving and bowels-relaxing decoction in the treatment of lung cancer of phlegm-heat pattern. Methods: A total of 6 cases of lung cancer patients with phlegm-heat pattern were randomly selected from Inner Mongolia Baicaotang Qin’s Zhong Meng Medical Hospital from March 2018 to December 2020 to conduct the study. They were divided into the reference group and the study group by using the digital table method. The patients in the reference group were treated with conventional Western medicine whereas the patients in the study group were treated with lung-fire-clearing, phlegm-resolving, and bowels-relaxing decoction to observe the curative effect. Results: There were no significant differences in the levels of the tumor markers between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). However, after treatment, the levels of cytokeratin 19 soluble fragments (CYFRA21-1), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the study group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The effective rate and the quality of life score of the study group were higher than those of the reference group while the incidence of adverse reactions was lower than that of the reference group, P < 0.05. Conclusion: Lung-fire-clearing, phlegm-resolving, and bowels-relaxing decoction can effectively improve the symptoms of patients with lung cancer and improve their quality of life.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Rubin, Bruce K. "Mucus, Phlegm, and Sputum in Cystic Fibrosis." Respiratory Care 54, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4187/002013209790983269.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Greenwood, Michael T. "Dysbiosis, Spleen Qi, Phlegm, and Complex Difficulties." Medical Acupuncture 29, no. 3 (June 2017): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acu.2017.1226.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Cerveri, I., S. Accordini, A. Corsico, M. C. Zoia, L. Carrozzi, L. Cazzoletti, M. Beccaria, A. Marinoni, G. Viegi, and R. de Marco. "Chronic cough and phlegm in young adults." European Respiratory Journal 22, no. 3 (September 2003): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.03.00121103.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Catháin, Máirtín Ó. "An Ghaeltacht: An Chéad Phlean Gaeltachta chugainn." Comhar 66, no. 3 (2006): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25575365.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Butler, Lesley M., Woon-Puay Koh, Hin-Peng Lee, Mimi C. Yu, and Stephanie J. London. "Dietary Fiber and Reduced Cough with Phlegm." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 170, no. 3 (August 2004): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200306-789oc.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Vestbo, Jørgen. "Chronic Cough and Phlegm in Young Adults." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 175, no. 1 (January 2007): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200610-1458ed.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Gallagher, Colman, and Matthew Balme. "Eskers in a complete, wet-based glacial system in the Phlegra Montes region, Mars." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 431 (December 2015): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.023.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Hoaglin, David C. "Did Phlegon Actually Use a Stem-and-Leaf Display?" American Statistician 74, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2020.1721329.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Muona, Jyrki. "Phlegon degallieri sp.n. from South America with a key to the known species of the genus (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 16, no. 4 (1985): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631285x00270.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Zhao, Linlin, Ling Wan, Xinjian Qiu, Ruomeng Li, Shimi Liu, and Dongsheng Wang. "A Metabonomics Profiling Study on Phlegm Syndrome and Blood-Stasis Syndrome in Coronary Heart Disease Patients Using Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/385102.

Full text

Abstract:

A metabonomics approach based on liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF/MS) was utilized to obtain potential biomarkers of coronary heart disease (CHD) patients and investigate the ZHENG types differentiation in CHD patients. The plasma samples of 20 CHD patients with phlegm syndrome, 20 CHD patients with blood-stasis syndrome, and 16 healthy volunteers were collected in the study. 26 potential biomarkers were identified in the plasma of CHD patients and 19 differential metabolites contributed to the discrimination of phlegm syndrome and blood-stasis syndrome in CHD patients(VIP>1.5; P<0.05)which mainly involved purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and arachidonic acid metabolism. This study demonstrated that metabonomics approach based on LC-MS was useful for studying pathologic changes of CHD patients and interpreting the differentiation of ZHENG types (phlegm and blood-stasis syndrome) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Gao, Zhiguo, and Xin Yu. "A Phlegm Stagnation Monitoring Based on VDS Algorithm." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2020 (January 24, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8714070.

Full text

Abstract:

In the nonmedical sputum monitoring system, a practical solution for phlegm stagnation care of patients was proposed. Through the camera, the video images of patients’ laryngeal area were obtained in real time. After processing and analysis on these video frame images, the throat movement area was found out. A three-frame differential method was used to detect the throat moving targets. Anomalies were identified according to the information of moving targets and the proposed algorithm. Warning on the abnormal situation can help nursing personnel to deal with sputum blocking problem more effectively. To monitor the patients’ situation in real time, this paper proposed a VDS algorithm, which extracted the speed characteristics of moving objects and combined with the DTW algorithm and SVM algorithm for sequence image classification. Phlegm stagnation symptoms of patients were identified timely for further medical care. In order to evaluate the effectiveness, our method was compared with the DTW, SVM, CTM, and HMM methods. The experimental results showed that this method had a higher recognition rate and was more practical in a nonmedical monitoring system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Xu, Fei, Genlong Wu, Jianlong Miao, Ruijuan Liu, Zihui Tang, and Jingcheng Dong. "Coronary arterial disease correlates with constitutions of Traditional Chinese Medicine: A cross-sectional study in a Chinese cohort." Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine 01, no. 03 (September 2018): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2575900018500118.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the associations between constitutions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: A large-scale, community-based, cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the associations. A total of 3,748 participants were available for analysis in this study. The assessment of the constitution of TCM was based on recommendations by the Association for Chinese Medicine in China. In this study, a diagnosis of CAD was based on self-reported medical history. The associations were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression (MLR).Results: Univariate analysis showed Phlegm–dampness, Qi-deficiency, Yang-deficiency and Yin-deficiency constitutions were significantly associated with CAD, respectively ([Formula: see text] for Phlegm–dampness, [Formula: see text] for Qi-deficiency, [Formula: see text] for Yang-deficiency and [Formula: see text] for Yin-deficiency). Furthermore, MLR demonstrated significant associations among the four constitutions and CAD, after controlling for potential confounding factors (Phlegm–dampness: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; Qi-deficient: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], Yang-Deficient: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]; Yin-deficient: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). As compared with Neutral participants, participants with the four constitutions of TCM had higher prevalence of CAD.Conclusion: Our findings provided evidence that the four constitutions of TCM including Phlegm-dampness, Qi-deficiency, Yan-deficiency and Yin-deficiency were significantly associated with CAD, respectively. (This study was registered in clinicaltrials.gov with the ID: NCT02998944.)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Wang, Xianmin, Jing Wang, Changhai Zhao, Jiaoran Song, Ge Tian, and Yuhua Li. "Polymorphism of ABCG2 Gene in Hyperuricemia Patients of Han And Uygur Ethnicity with Phlegm/Non-Phlegm Block in Xinjiang, China." Medical Science Monitor 24 (September 10, 2018): 6305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/msm.908552.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

SETO, Yoshiya, Yasunori KOGAMI, Tadayuki SHIMANUKI, Kosaku TAKAHASHI, Hideyuki MATSUURA, and Teruhiko YOSHIHARA. "Production of Phleichrome byCladosporium phleias Stimulated by Diketopiperadines ofEpichloe typhina." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 69, no. 8 (January 2005): 1515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.69.1515.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Zarikian, Noushig. "A CONTRIBUTION TO THE CHECKLIST OF THE JUMPING SPIDERS (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE) OF ARMENIA." Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum 16, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2020.16.2.0193.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper presents an annotated checklist of the Salticidae of Armenia. This study was carried out in 2019-2020 in order to provide an inventory of the Salticidae fauna. Thirteen species are reported for the Armenian fauna for the first time: Afraflacilla epiblemoides (Chyzer, 1891); Aelurillus v-insignitus (Clerck, 1757); Asianellus festivus (C. L. Koch, 1834); Heliophanus dubius C. L. Koch, 1835; Heliophanus kochii Simon, 1868; Heliophanus tribulosus Simon, 1868; Heliophanus curvidens (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872); Macaroeris nidicolens (Walckenaer, 1802); Pellenes diagonalis (Simon, 1868); Pellenes geniculatus (Simon, 1868); Pellenes seriatus (Thorell, 1875); Pellenes tripunctatus (Walckenaer, 1802) and Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Prajapati, D. A. "A new species of the jumping spider genus Phlegra Simon, 1876 from India (Aranei: Salticidae: Aelurillina)." Arthropoda Selecta 28, no. 1 (December 2019): 575–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15298/arthsel.28.4.11.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Nees, S., and U. Struck. "The biostratigraphic and paleoceanographic significance of Siphotextularia rolshauseni Phleger and Parker in Norwegian-Greenland Sea sediments." Journal of Foraminiferal Research 24, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.24.4.233.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Remanlay, Henry. "WORKING WITH AUTISM CHILDREN USING ACUPUNCTURE METHOD." Journal Of Vocational Health Studies 2, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jvhs.v2.i2.2018.91-94.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Autism is a disorder with symptoms as a failure to develop normal social interaction with other people, impaired of communication and imaginative ability, followed by repetitive and stereotyped movements. Autism is a global issue that may a possible cause of generation lost, and economic burden to a country. Acupuncture as one of TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) technique is an option to improve the life quality of children with Autism. Purpose: To determine the syndrome pattern of children with autism and how acupuncture method works for children with autism, from the perspective of TCM. Method: Four examination methods are incorporated into nine ongoing-treatment subjects fit in autism classification from randomized special need cases. Subject characteristics are derived from allo-anamnesis. Needle acupuncture was the method of choice except one subject prefers laser acupuncture. The objective is to eliminate the phlegm, calm the heart fire, and tonify spleen. Result: after 3-5 sessions of treatment, parents reported speech improvement and reduction of compulsive self-stimulation behavior. Four subjects demonstrated speech improvement, 1 subject showed better focus and concentration, 1 subject indicated a reduction of compulsive self-stimulation behavior, 1 subject improved in obedience and improved comprehension was found in 2 subjects. Conclusion: Observation on nine subjects showed in general that they had phlegm harassing the heart and digestion problem due to spleen deficiency. This phlegm disturbed the heart functions, i.e. mental capacity including speech. Results from the treatments showed elimination of phlegm, cooling down the heart fire, and tonification of spleen improved speech, focus, comprehension, obedience, and reduction of compulsive self-stimulation behavior. Further research and study from the Chinese medicine perspective are needed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Chen, Xin-lin, Xiao-qi Liu, Rong Xie, Dan-hong Peng, Yan-ping Wang, Xuan Zhou, Bin Wang, Chuan-wei Mo, Qian Xu, and Xiantao Li. "Expert Consensus of Syndrome Differentiation for Phlegm Turbidity Syndrome for Coronary Heart Disease." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8184673.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective. The purpose of the study was to form a questionnaire of expert consensus about phlegm turbidity syndrome of coronary heart disease (CHD) using literature method and Delphi method, which could provide the objective evidences for the clinical diagnosis and treatment for CHD. Method. The CBM, CNKI, VIP, and PubMed were searched. The articles about phlegm turbidity syndrome for CHD with the definite related four diagnostic data were included. Based on the results of the literature method, two rounds of Delphi method were conducted. The TCM experts about CHD were enrolled. Concentration and coordination index of the experts were used to select the items. Results. Literature method: A total of 118 articles were included. Greasy fur, slippery pulse, chest fullness or chest pain, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, vertigo, excessive phlegm, abdominal fullness, head heaviness, obesity, stringy pulse, physical heaviness, soft pulse, somnolence, fatigue, and pale tongue (16 items) had the relatively high proportion, and they were eligible for Delphi process. Delphi method: A total of 93 experts (22 for the first round, 71 for the second round) were included. The reliability of the items was 0.885 for all the experts. The 16 items were not significantly different between the two rounds (P>0.05). According to the results of mean, frequency, sum of ranks and coefficient of variation, the item of nausea and vomiting, somnolence, pale tongue, and soft pulse were deleted. Conclusions. The questionnaire of phlegm turbidity syndrome of CHD was established, with good reliability. The sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire are still necessary to further validate for clinical or scientific use.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Arbak, Peri, İlknur Başer, Özlem Ozdemir Kumbasar, Füsun Ülger, Zeki Kılıçaslan, and Fatma Evyapan. "Long Term Effects of Tear Gases on Respiratory System: Analysis of 93 Cases." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/963638.

Full text

Abstract:

Aim. This study aimed to assess the long-term respiratory effects of tear gases among the subjects with history of frequent exposure.Materials and Methods. A questionnaire by NIOSH and pulmonary function tests was performed in 93 males exposed to the tear gases frequently and 55 nonexposed subjects.Results. The mean numbers of total exposure and last 2 years exposure were8.4±6.4times,5.6±5.8times, respectively. Tear gas exposed subjects were presented with a higher rate for cough and phlegm more than 3 months (24.7% versus 11.3%,P>0.05). Mean FEV1/FVC and % predicted MMFR in smoker exposed subjects are significantly lower than those in smoker controls (81.7% versus 84.1%,P=0.046and 89.9% versus 109.6%,P=0.0004, resp.). % predicted MMFR in nonsmoker exposed subjects is significantly lower than that in nonsmoker controls (99.4% versus 113.1%,P=0.05). Odds ratios for chest tightness, exercise dyspnea, dyspnea on level ground, winter morning cough, phlegm, and daily phlegm were increased almost 2 to 2.5 folds among tear gas exposed subjects.Conclusion. The rates for respiratory complaints were high in the case of the exposure to the tear gases previously. Tears gas exposed subjects were found to be under the risk for chronic bronchitis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Phlegar'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles