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Journal articles on the topic 'Phonetic adaptation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 April 2022

Last updated: 27 April 2022

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1

ZYMOVETS, H. V. "FACTORS UNDERLYING ADAPTATION OF LOANWORDS INTO SYSTEM OF LANGUAGE." Movoznavstvo 321, no. 6 (December 7, 2021): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33190/0027-2833-321-2021-6-002.

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The article elaborates on ways of English loanwords integration into Ukrainian, with comparison to the situation in German and Serbian. The subject matter of research includes processes of adaptation in phonetics and grammar of the above-mentioned languages. The main intralinguistic factor that influences adaptation process is disparity of phonetic and grammar level configuration of languages in contacts. English has an affluent system of vowels that causes necessity of simplification of a phonetic form of English borrowings in other languages. The major factor of phonetic adaptation is an existing tradition of conveying sounds in loanwords in a certain way. However, nowadays transcription also plays a significant role in phonetic adaptation, i.e. integration of loanwords is based on their pronunciation rather than spelling. Uncertainty of patterns for conveying sounds of foreign languages in loanwords leads to variability of phonetic form of English loanwords at the initial stage of their functioning in the recipient language. Grammar adaptation involves adjusting of loanwords to the recipient language. Its course depends on morphological type of language and affinity. The research has revealed main patterns how English loanwords obtain the category of gender, which is absent in English. These patterns are based on both formal and semantic factors. Moreover, the author considers the ways of pluralia tantum nouns integration into the system of the recipient language. The analysis has shown that there is a typological difference between borrowing process on the one hand in Slavic languages and on the other hand in German, i.e. Slavic languages, unlike German, have obligatory derivational stage for verbs and adjective adaptation, which makes process of borrowing more complicated in Slavic languages.

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2

Miura, Kenji. "Adaptacja fonetyczna i grafemiczna nazwisk i imion polskich we współczesnym języku japońskim." Poradnik Językowy, no. 2/2021(781) (February 27, 2021): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2021.2.6.

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While summarising the observations about the phonetic and graphemic adaptations of Polish last and first names in the Japanese language, one can notice that the source form and the target form of such an adaptation differ from each other to a large extent. The main cause of this situation is the discrepancy between the phonological systems of both languages. In simple terms, many Polish consonants do not have equivalents in Japanese and must be rendered using substitute equivalents. Another issue here is the principal foreignness of Polish last names to an average Japanese language user. They are long, do not resemble any patterns of more universal last or first names, since words of this kind are always connected with their native language, culture, and tradition. Keywords: translation – phonetic adaptation – graphemic adaptation – last name – first name – Polish language – Japanese language

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3

Kang, Yoonjung. "The emergence of phonological adaptation from phonetic adaptation: English loanwords in Korean." Phonology 27, no. 2 (July 21, 2010): 225–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675710000114.

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This paper provides a detailed diachronic account of the adaptation of the English posterior coronal obstruents /ʃ ʧ ʤ/ in Contemporary Korean. These consonants are variably adapted with a glide (/j/ or /w/), and the distribution of the glides is conditioned by phonetic and phonological characteristics of the English input, as well as native phonotactic restrictions. The diachronic change in the occurrence of /w/ serves as an example of a variable phonetic detail in the input that is faithfully represented in loans in earlier stages, but which is subsequently eliminated in the emerging norm. Given this data, I propose how what, on the surface, may appear to be a ‘phonological’ adaptation can arise through regularisation of what is essentially a ‘phonetic’ adaptation. This study highlights the complexity of loanword adaptation and the importance of examining all of the different factors shaping this process.

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LaCharité, Darlene, and Carole Paradis. "Category Preservation and Proximity versus Phonetic Approximation in Loanword Adaptation." Linguistic Inquiry 36, no. 2 (April 2005): 223–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0024389053710666.

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In this article, we argue that loanword adaptation is overwhelmingly phonological and that phonetic approximation plays a limited role in the sound changes that loanwords undergo. Explicit criteria are used to compare the predictions of the phonetic approximation and phonological stances against 12 large corpora of recent English and French loanwords in several different languages. We show that category proximity is overwhelmingly preferred over perceptual proximity and that typical L2 perception/interpretation errors are not reflected in the adaptations of the loanwords of this database. Borrowers accurately identify L2 sound categories, operating on the mental representation of an L2 sound, not directly on its surface phonetic form.

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Schwink, Frederick W. "The Velar Nasal in the Adaptation of the Runic Alphabet." American Journal of Germanic Linguistics and Literatures 12, no. 2 (2000): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1040820700002705.

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In this paper evidence for the phonological status of the velar nasal in Older Germanic is reviewed with particular reference to the innovation in the runes of a character for the sound. It is demonstrated that none of this evidence presents an unambiguous solution to whether the velar nasal is phonemic or phonetic. However, by taking the mapping processes that occurred during the invention of the runes as one of “prototypically significant sound” to character, a sufficient reason for the innovation of this rune is proposed.*

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6

Semenov, Kirill I. "ADAPTATION STRATEGIES OF RUSSIAN PHONETIC LOANWORDS IN CHINESE. PHONETIC AND GRAPHIC ASPECTS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, no. 7 (2020): 30–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2020-7-30-63.

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This article considers phonetic and graphic transformations of Russian loanwords in Chinese. The study comprises an analysis of both proper and common nouns, as well as both loanwords included in dictionaries and those used in the Internet. The data considered make it possible to detect the main trends in the adaptation of Russian consonants in Chinese, as well as to localize the hypothetical influence of the Russian-Chinese pidgin on current loanword adaptation in Mandarin Chinese. It is noted that there is a dramatic discrepancy between the norms of transliteration prescribed by the PRC media and the usage in the Internet. Furthermore, a significant level of specificity of the hieroglyphic N-grams in the loanwords is revealed, compared to the reference corpus of the Chinese texts. The author expects that the results of the work will be useful for specialists both in phonetic typology and in NLP.

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7

Kang, Yoonjung. "Perceptual similarity in loanword adaptation: English postvocalic word-final stops in Korean." Phonology 20, no. 2 (August 2003): 219–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675703004524.

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When an English word with a postvocalic word-final stop is adapted to Korean, a vowel is variably inserted after the final stop. Vowel insertion in this position is puzzling not only because of its variability but also because of the fact that it is not motivated by the native phonology in any obvious way. After providing a thorough description of the vowel-insertion pattern on the basis of a survey of a large body of data, the paper proposes that vowel insertion is motivated to improve the perceptual similarity between the English input and the Korean output as well as to obey a morphophonemic restriction in Korean. The paper provides strong evidence that non-contrastive phonetic details of lending or borrowing languages are relevant in the process of loanword adaptation and at the same time suggests a richer view of loanword phonology, one which involves interaction of phonetic, phonemic and morphophonemic factors.

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8

Hamid, Twana S. "Kurdish Adaptation of Arabic Loan Consonants." Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v4n1y2021.pp129-136.

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This paper addresses the status of the Arabic loan consonants in Central Kurdish (CK). Based on the Arabic loanwords, it assesses different scenarios on how the foreign consonants are adapted. The paper finds out that Arabic loan consonants in CK can be classified into three groups: Consonants that are part of the phonemic inventory of both languages; consonants that are borrowed faithfully, i.e. without adaptation and finally consonants that are not allowed in the phonemic inventory of CK, i.e. require feature adaptation. The paper also makes contribution to the theories of loan adaptation. It shows that neither Phonological Stance Model nor Phonetic Stance Model can account for the way Arabic consonants are (un)adapted in CK. The faithful borrowing of guttural consonants and the adaptation of dental fricatives and emphatics to match the phonemic inventory of CK shows that there are active marking statements that (dis)allow a combination of features that form a segment. Some other factors also play roles in the faithful borrowing of the loan consonants such as frequency of the loanwords with loan phonemes, orthographic input and the sensitivity of the faithful pronunciation of the loanwords such as the loanwords that are proper names. Common proper names with guttural phonemes are borrowed faithfully.

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Both, Csaba Attila. "Phonetic Adaptation of Hungarian Loanwords in Romanian." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 7, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2015-0059.

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Abstract In current linguistics, as well as in the fields of contact linguistics and sociolinguistics, the assessment of contact between the different languages used by speakers living in the same geographical/political area receives a pronounced role. These languages inevitably come into contact. The research on language contact between Hungarian and Romanian has a past marked by scholarly works that focus especially on the lexical- semantic level. Because contact between linguistic phenomena occurs at every level of language, it is necessary to focus on the smallest linguistic elements as well. In our work, we analyse a corpus of words borrowed from Hungarian by the Romanian language, focusing on stop sounds. In our paper, we establish the main phonetic transfer modalities, discussing the subject in an international framework.

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10

PARADIS, CAROLE, and DARLENE LACHARITÉ. "Apparent phonetic approximation: English loanwords in Old Quebec French." Journal of Linguistics 44, no. 1 (February 5, 2008): 87–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226707004963.

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A key debate in loanword adaptation is whether the process is primarily phonetic or phonological. Is it possible that researchers on each side are viewing equally plausible, but different, scenarios? Perhaps, in some language situations, adaptation is carried out mainly by those without access to L2 phonology and is, perforce, perceptually driven. In other situations, adaptation may be done by bilinguals who actively draw upon their knowledge of L2 phonology in adapting loanwords. The phonetic strategy would most likely be favored in situations where the vast majority of the population did not know the L2, thus having no possible access to the L2 phonological system. The phonological strategy, on the other hand, is most likely to be favored in situations where there is a high proportion of speakers who are bilingual in the L1 and L2. This possibility is tested by comparing the adaptations of English loanwords in 19th- and early 20th-century Quebec French, when bilinguals were few, to those of contemporary Quebec French, in which the rate of bilingualism is far higher. The results show that even when the proportion of bilinguals in a society is relatively small, they determine how loanwords are pronounced in the borrowing language. Bilinguals adapt loanwords on the basis of phonology, not of faulty perception of foreign sounds and structures. However, in a society where bilinguals are few, there is a slight increase in non-phonological influences in loanword adaptation. We address the small role played by non-phonological factors, including phonetic approximation, orthography, and analogy (true or false), showing that false analogy, in particular, may give the impression that phonetic approximation is more widespread in a loanword corpus than is actually the case.

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11

Olmstead, Annie J., Navin Viswanathan, Tiana Cowan, and Kunning Yang. "Phonetic adaptation in interlocutors with mismatched language backgrounds: A case for a phonetic synergy account." Journal of Phonetics 87 (July 2021): 101054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2021.101054.

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12

Rose, Yvan, and Katherine Demuth. "Vowel epenthesis in loanword adaptation: Representational and phonetic considerations." Lingua 116, no. 7 (June 2006): 1112–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2005.06.011.

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13

Kwon, Harim, and Ioana Chitoran. "Adaptation of native clusters with non-native phonetic patterns." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, no. 3 (September 2018): 1721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5067631.

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14

Kim, Donghyun, Meghan Clayards, and Eun Jong Kong. "Individual differences in perceptual adaptation to unfamiliar phonetic categories." Journal of Phonetics 81 (July 2020): 100984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wocn.2020.100984.

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15

Chodroff, Eleanor, and Colin Wilson. "Acoustic–phonetic and auditory mechanisms of adaptation in the perception of sibilant fricatives." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 82, no. 4 (December 24, 2019): 2027–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-019-01894-2.

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AbstractListeners are highly proficient at adapting to contextual variation when perceiving speech. In the present study, we examined the effects of brief speech and nonspeech contexts on the perception of sibilant fricatives. We explored three theoretically motivated accounts of contextual adaptation, based on phonetic cue calibration, phonetic covariation, and auditory contrast. Under the cue calibration account, listeners adapt by estimating a talker-specific average for each phonetic cue or dimension; under the cue covariation account, listeners adapt by exploiting consistencies in how the realization of speech sounds varies across talkers; under the auditory contrast account, adaptation results from (partial) masking of spectral components that are shared by adjacent stimuli. The spectral center of gravity, a phonetic cue to fricative identity, was manipulated for several types of context sound: /z/-initial syllables, /v/-initial syllables, and white noise matched in long-term average spectrum (LTAS) to the /z/-initial stimuli. Listeners’ perception of the /s/–/ʃ/ contrast was significantly influenced by /z/-initial syllables and LTAS-matched white noise stimuli, but not by /v/-initial syllables. No significant difference in adaptation was observed between exposure to /z/-initial syllables and matched white noise stimuli, and speech did not have a considerable advantage over noise when the two were presented consecutively within a context. The pattern of findings is most consistent with the auditory contrast account of short-term perceptual adaptation. The cue covariation account makes accurate predictions for speech contexts, but not for nonspeech contexts or for the absence of a speech-versus-nonspeech difference.

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16

Nidzelsky, M., V. Chikor, and N. Tsvetkova. "PHONETIC REHABILITATION FOR REMOVABLE DENTAL PROSTHETICS." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.2.2019.09.

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Removable prosthesis is considered as a device with therapeutic, rehab and prophylactic functions, which allows to improve the quality of life of the dentist. Its use is always aimed at solving three problems: restoration of chewing; restoration of pronunciation of sounds; restoration of aesthetic norms of a person. Fixation of the complete removable denture depends on the anatomical retention, which is determined by the area and form of the prosthetic bed; from adhesion (capillary forces, viscosity of saliva) and from the functional suction of the prosthesis. For the stabilization of prostheses, the contour of the alveolar appendix and the production of artificial teeth are of special importance. Therefore, a complete removable denture is a complex design, which always has a single plan of construction (basis and artificial teeth), but in each case is made taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient's body. Adaptation to a complete removable denture is a multi-layered process. Its inalienable component is neuro-reflex mechanisms. From these positions, the habit of prosthetics is explained by the development of cortical inhibition, which leads to the disappearance of the feeling of a foreign subject in the oral cavity. These changes occur on the basis of the general law, according to which repeatedly the stimulus becomes a brake agent. Based on masticatography, it has been established that addiction to prosthetics is associated with the appearance, perfection and consolidation of new conditioned motor reflexes. An important component of the adaptation process in patients with prosthetics is psychological adaptation. It is believed that it represents the sum of complex conditioned-reflex responses of the patient, which belong to the sphere of human emotions and determine the degree of satisfaction with dentures. The significance of psychological factors in the development of adaptation to prosthetics stimulates the creation of new and improved existing methods for assessing the psycho-emotional state of orthopedic dental patients. According to the results of these methods, high personal anxiety is the main factor that causes the development of psycho-emotional stress during orthopedic treatment. There is also a speech adaptation, which is the result of the interaction of the active organs of the articulation apparatus with dentures. The appearance of improper pronunciation of sounds is considered as a result of motor and sensory disorders of the central or peripheral nature: changes in the structure of the articulation apparatus and violations of muscle inertia involved in articulation; reduction of peripheral hearing and violations of the auditory perception of the central character. Wrong pronunciation is most often observed in groups of whistling, silent sounds, [p], [l], which are characterized by complexity of sounding and, accordingly, the complexity of articulation work. A certain range of works is devoted to methods of studying pronunciation of sounds from different points of view: physical (acoustic), anatomical-physiological and linguistic. Detection of defects of articulation was done by listening. In a number of studies the study of violations of articulation of sounds was carried out using anatomical-physiological and acoustic characteristics with the help of apparatus. Modern methods of speech research are based on listening, audiometry and spectral analysis of sound. Consequently, the features of rehabilitation of toothless patients with the help of a complete removable denture are widely covered in the literature. The concept of pathogenesis of violations with full or partial adentia and about mechanisms of their overcoming with the help of dentures is deepened. However, until now, the literature remains almost uninvolved into the consideration of phonetic aspects as in the analysis of anatomical and physiological features of the toothless mouth during preparation for prosthetics, and at different stages of the use of dentures.

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17

Iverson, Gregory, and Ahrong Lee. "Perception of Contrast in Korean Loanword Adaptation." Korean Linguistics 13 (January 1, 2006): 49–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.13.03gki.

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Abstract. A number of modifications affect the sound structure of foreign words as they are bor-rowed into Korean. We consider specifically the adaptation of word-final stops, liquids, and voiceless as well as voiced coronal sibilants. The particular manifestation of these is shown to corre-late with the place they hold in the syllable structure of the recipient language rather than, as might seem to be the case, with either contrastive categories of the source language or allophonic qualities of the recipient. This discussion thus contributes to the continuing debate over the awareness that listeners may have of phonetic properties that are contrastive in the source language but redundant in the recipient (and hence presumably below the threshold of categorical perception), as well as vice versa, and it offers a unified view of the factors which appear to be at play in the phonological pro-cessing of both native words and loanwords. At base is a simple yet comprehensive principle of phonological perception: Phonetic representations are interpreted according to the salient perceptual categories of the listener's native language.

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18

Forne-Wästlund, H. "A phonetic schedule for adaptation of PFSP into Scandinavian languages." Journal of Fluency Disorders 25, no. 3 (September 2000): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-730x(00)80278-8.

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19

Haeb-Umbach, R. "Automatic generation of phonetic regression class trees for MLLR adaptation." IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 9, no. 3 (March 2001): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/89.906003.

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20

Wilson, Colin, Eleanor Chodroff, and Kuniko Nielsen. "Generalization in VOT imitation: Feature adaptation or acoustic-phonetic covariation?" Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (October 2016): 3344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4970684.

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21

Dohlus, Katrin. "Phonetics or phonology: asymmetries in loanword adaptations; French and German mid front rounded vowels in Japanese." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 42 (January 1, 2005): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.42.2005.275.

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It is one of the most highly debated issues in loanword phonology whether loanword adaptations are phonologically or phonetically driven. This paper addresses this issue and aims at demonstrating that only the acceptance of both a phonological as well as a phonetic approximation stance can adequately account for the data found in Japanese. This point will be exemplified with the adaptation of German and French mid front rounded vowels in Japanese. It will be argued that the adaptation of German /oe/ and /ø/ as Japanese /e/ is phonologically grounded, whereas the adaptation of French /oe/ and /ø/ as Japanese /u/ is phonetically grounded. This asymmetry in the adaptation process of German and French mid front rounded vowels and further examples of loans in Japanese lead to the only conclusion that both strategies of loanword adaptation occur in languages. It will be shown that not only perception, but also the influence of orthography, of conventions and the knowledge of the source language play a role in the adaptation process.

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Baral, Elina, and Sagar Shrestha. "Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition for Nepali Language." International Journal of Signal Processing Systems 8, no. 4 (December 2020): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijsps.8.4.68-73.

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Speech Recognition is a widely studied topic for high-resource languages like English and Mandarin. A plethora of publications exist that study the performance of several recognition methods for these languages. However differences in phonetics, accent, language model, etc between any two different languages demand for a study of speech recognition methodologies and components separately for each language. In this paper, we present a comparative study of popular speech recognition methods for Nepali, a low-resource Indo-Aryan language. We describe our approach to building the phonetic dictionary and present our findings for DNN and GMM based techniques with speaker adaptation on 50K vocabulary speech recognition task.

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23

Zavyalova, Viktoriya L. "Tracing the roots of phonetic variation in East Asian Englishes through loan phonology." Russian Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 569–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-3-569-588.

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One key aspect of Englishes in the Kachruvian Expanding Circle concerns phonetic features as they commonly bear traits of speakers native languages. This article explores language contact phenomena that are likely to cause L1L2 phonological transfer, which underlies the phonetic specificity of English in East Asia. Drawing on the general theory of loan phonology, the author treats phonographic adaptation of English loanwords in East Asian languages compared to Russian, as a reliable source of data that supports research on the nature of phonetic variation in Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Russian Englishes. The data were obtained through comparative analysis of English loanwords (200 for each language) selected from dictionary sources and speech samples from the Russian-Asian Corpus of English which was collected in earlier research. The findings confirm typological correlation of phonological transfer in loanword phonographic adaptation and in foreign language phonology. In both linguistic contexts, a crucial role is played by syllabic constraints, because being the fundamental unit of any phonological system, a syllable serves a domain of its segmental and suprasegmental features. Consequently, various resyllabification phenomena occur in English borrowings in the languages of East Asia whose phonological typology is distant from that of English; as a demonstration of this same conflict, the syllabic and, hence, rhythmic organization of East Asian Englishes tends to exhibit similar code-copying variation. The greater typological proximity of English and Russian syllable regulations leads to fewer manifestations of syllabic and rhythmic restructuring in both loanword adaptations and English spoken by native speakers of Russian.

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Zabolotny, Dmitry, Viktor Lutsenko, Irina Belyakova, Evgenyja Svitlychna, Alla Berestova, Tetiana Kholodenko, and Nataliya Hradiuk. "Ukrainian translation and adaptation of Kharshak numerals test." OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, no. 1-2(3) 2020 (May 28, 2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37219/2528-8253-2020-1-11.

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The article substantiales the rationale for the Ukrainian translation of Kharshak numerals test. The authors noted the conditions they adhered to maintain phonetic balance. The description of the adaptation process of Kharshak numerals test and the final version of the translation into Ukrainian are given. The authors describe area for future research for the most effective test implementation in practice.

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Liu, Jiafeng. "Linguistic Strategies for Western Cosmetic Brand Translation in China." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 11 (October 18, 2017): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n11p164.

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Based on an aim-adaptation approach, this article investigates the linguistic strategies used by 126 western cosmetic brands in their Chinese renaming. Firstly, the linguistic features of the original English brand names and the translated Chinese names are summarized and compared. Secondly, the specific features reflected in the translating process are summarized. Our analysis shows that adaptations from phonetic, lexical and semantic components of the name should be adopted to meet the aims and needs of the cosmetic brand and its customers.

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Lee, Damheo, Donghyun Kim, Seung Yun, and Sanghun Kim. "Phonetic Variation Modeling and a Language Model Adaptation for Korean English Code-Switching Speech Recognition." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 2866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062866.

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In this paper, we propose a new method for code-switching (CS) automatic speech recognition (ASR) in Korean. First, the phonetic variations in English pronunciation spoken by Korean speakers should be considered. Thus, we tried to find a unified pronunciation model based on phonetic knowledge and deep learning. Second, we extracted the CS sentences semantically similar to the target domain and then applied the language model (LM) adaptation to solve the biased modeling toward Korean due to the imbalanced training data. In this experiment, training data were AI Hub (1033 h) in Korean and Librispeech (960 h) in English. As a result, when compared to the baseline, the proposed method improved the error reduction rate (ERR) by up to 11.6% with phonetic variant modeling and by 17.3% when semantically similar sentences were applied to the LM adaptation. If we considered only English words, the word correction rate improved up to 24.2% compared to that of the baseline. The proposed method seems to be very effective in CS speech recognition.

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Vlahou, Eleni, Kanako Ueno, Barbara G. Shinn-Cunningham, and Norbert Kopčo. "Calibration of Consonant Perception to Room Reverberation." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 2956–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00396.

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Purpose We examined how consonant perception is affected by a preceding speech carrier simulated in the same or a different room, for different classes of consonants. Carrier room, carrier length, and carrier length/target room uncertainty were manipulated. A phonetic feature analysis tested which phonetic categories are influenced by the manipulations in the acoustic context of the carrier. Method Two experiments were performed, each with nine participants. Targets consisted of 10 or 16 vowel–consonant (VC) syllables presented in one of two strongly reverberant rooms, preceded by a multiple-VC carrier presented in either the same room, a different reverberant room, or an anechoic room. In Experiment 1, the carrier length and the target room randomly varied from trial to trial, whereas in Experiment 2, they were fixed within a block of trials. Results Overall, a consistent carrier provided an advantage for consonant perception compared to inconsistent carriers, whether in anechoic or differently reverberant rooms. Phonetic analysis showed that carrier inconsistency significantly degraded identification of the manner of articulation, especially for stop consonants and, in one of the rooms, also of voicing. Carrier length and carrier/target uncertainty did not affect adaptation to reverberation for individual phonetic features. The detrimental effects of anechoic and different reverberant carriers on target perception were similar. Conclusions The strength of calibration varies across different phonetic features, as well as across rooms with different levels of reverberation. Even though place of articulation is the feature that is affected by reverberation the most, it is the manner of articulation and, partially, voicing for which room adaptation is observed.

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Martínez Rodríguez, Elena. "Milyan dialectal divergence and its traces in onomastics." Kadmos 60, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2021): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kadmos-2021-0010.

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Abstract Taking as a starting point the discussion of the emendation of xina ‘grandmother’ in Schurr’s latest edition of the Milyan version of the Xanthos Pillar (Schurr 2018), this article deals with two different equations Mil. <i> : Lyc. <a/a͂/n> and Lyc. <a/a͂/n> : Lyc. <u>, argued to share the same phonetic trigger ie. the presence of an alveolar nasal, and explores the phonetic correlation through establishing new cognates between the two languages, or by adding new evidence to old open questions such as the phonetic value of <u> or the likely interchangeability of <a>, <a͂> and <n>. The Greek adaptation of the onomastic material will allow the phonetic nature of the nasal <n> in the cluster /xnt-/ (Lyc. xñtawati- ‘ruler’, cf. Luw. handawat(i)-): Gr. Κενδ-, Κινδ-, Κονδ- to be addressed, and ultimately compare the phonetic developments of Lycian and Milyan with its possible traces in the Greek sources of classical Lycia.

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Kim, Tae-eun. "A Study on the Recent Adaptation Trend of Mandarin Phonetic Loans." Journal of Chinese Language and Literature 124 (October 31, 2020): 7–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.25021/jcll.2020.10.124.7.

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OhMiRa. "The phonetic approach to English stop adaptation in Korean and Thai." Studies in Phonetics, Phonology, and Morphology 15, no. 2 (August 2009): 283–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17959/sppm.2009.15.2.283.

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Generalova, E. V. "EUROPEAN LOANWORDS IN OLD RUSSIAN LANGUAGE: PHONETIC, GRAMMAR AND DERIVATION ADAPTATION." Учёные записки Петрозаводского государственного университета 42, no. 5 (June 2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/uchz.art.2020.498.

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Fischer, Volker. "Method and apparatus for phonetic context adaptation for improved speech recognition." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120, no. 2 (2006): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2336700.

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Kalantari, Shahram, David Dean, and Sridha Sridharan. "Cross database audio visual speech adaptation for phonetic spoken term detection." Computer Speech & Language 44 (July 2017): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2016.09.001.

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Melguy, Yevgeniy, and Keith Johnson. "Perceptual adaptation to an artificial accent: Phonetic category shift or expansion?" Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 150, no. 4 (October 2021): A43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0007566.

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Sobolev, Anton I. "Improving Reliability of Onomastic Etymology (with Reference to the Southeastern Lake Onega Region)." Вопросы Ономастики 18, no. 3 (2021): 9–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2021.18.3.031.

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The paper addresses the problem of improving reliability of onomastic etymologies using the example of historical and modern personal and place names of southeastern Lake Onega region. The issue is pertinent, as specialists form other fields (c.f. historians and ethnologists) take little account of onomastic research where serious studies and quasi-scientific works presenting unverified data are sometimes difficult to separate. The paper provides examples of erroneous etymologies of personal and place names. Wrong etymologization can occur due to the neglect of written sources (the person named Shestak living in the village of Shestovo, or Terenty living in Terovo) or processes of phonetic adaptation in language contacts (Tyug- from Vepsian tühj ‘empty,’ not from tuug ‘spring sowing’). Another cause is the use of unverified written sources that might include invalid variants of names due to their misspelling or incorrect rendering (Kosach instead of Kagach, Saminskoye instead of Salminskoye). Tangly ethnic and linguistic contexts, such as heterogeneity of topobases (Goik-) or the widespread prevalence of appellatives (Kubas), can also result in etymological mistakes as some name variants may be underinformative and misleading. The author offers a complex approach for improving reliability of onomastic etymologies based on 1) expanding the source base and making comparative research of the collected data, 2) using the data of historical phonetics and phonetic adaptation in contacting languages, 3) emphasizing the so-called “exact” etymologies, 4) comparing local toponymic and anthroponymic data with onomastic evidence from other regions, 5) identifying toponyms with a greater differentiating linguistic potential, 6) eliminating bias which include etymologies accommodated to a specific language.

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Karataeva, S. "Phonetic Mastering of Arabic Words With Long Vowels in the Turkic Languages." Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/63/48.

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The purpose of our article can be characterized as a scientific review of the vocal system of the Kyrgyz language against the background of Turkic phonology and the patterns of development of the vocal paradigm, the transformation and evolution of long vowels in the historical context (influence of the Arabic language) of Central Asia. Analyzing all data related to the long vowels’ changes in the above-mentioned language and the transformations based on Arabic borrowings. Also, subjected to a detailed analysis of the graphic influences from the side of Arabic graphics in relation to Kyrgyz phonology and linguistic facts about the transformation of Arabic tokens during adaptation in a foreign language context. Nevertheless, to explain the areal features of the Kyrgyz language on the scale of Central Asia. To demonstrate (on the example of archaic words, religious lexicon terms) the stages and patterns of the historical development of the vocal system of a given language in a comparative and cognitive plan. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to identify and describe the patterns of development of quantum phonetics, phonosemantic features of long vowels of Kyrgyz lexemes and phonemes on the one hand, and Arabic guttural and posterolinguistic connectives on the other hand. Kyrgyz and Arabic are multisystem languages. The Arabic language, in a typological sense, is inflectional and belongs to the Semitic group, at the same time, according to some scholars, the Kyrgyz is an agglutinative language and has Altai origin. It is well known that the phonetic spectrum and their variable language palette of the Arabic language is very diverse. In phonetic terms, the Arabic language has a widely developed system of consonant phonemes, on the other hand, the likelihood of the phonomorphological and phonosemantic function of vowels in the Kyrgyz language is quite high too. As part of our research, we tried to identify the seven positions of long vowels in the Arabic language, and in parallel to this show the transformations of Arabic sounds based on the internal phonetic laws of the Kyrgyz language. Consequently, the Arabic long vowels in the process of adaptation in the Kyrgyz language environment, to a certain extent, retained their quantitative character (quantum coefficient) in comparison with other Turkic languages of Central Asia.

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Ullas, Shruti, Lars Hausfeld, Anne Cutler, Frank Eisner, and Elia Formisano. "Neural Correlates of Phonetic Adaptation as Induced by Lexical and Audiovisual Context." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 11 (November 2020): 2145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01608.

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When speech perception is difficult, one way listeners adjust is by reconfiguring phoneme category boundaries, drawing on contextual information. Both lexical knowledge and lipreading cues are used in this way, but it remains unknown whether these two differing forms of perceptual learning are similar at a neural level. This study compared phoneme boundary adjustments driven by lexical or audiovisual cues, using ultra-high-field 7-T fMRI. During imaging, participants heard exposure stimuli and test stimuli. Exposure stimuli for lexical retuning were audio recordings of words, and those for audiovisual recalibration were audio–video recordings of lip movements during utterances of pseudowords. Test stimuli were ambiguous phonetic strings presented without context, and listeners reported what phoneme they heard. Reports reflected phoneme biases in preceding exposure blocks (e.g., more reported /p/ after /p/-biased exposure). Analysis of corresponding brain responses indicated that both forms of cue use were associated with a network of activity across the temporal cortex, plus parietal, insula, and motor areas. Audiovisual recalibration also elicited significant occipital cortex activity despite the lack of visual stimuli. Activity levels in several ROIs also covaried with strength of audiovisual recalibration, with greater activity accompanying larger recalibration shifts. Similar activation patterns appeared for lexical retuning, but here, no significant ROIs were identified. Audiovisual and lexical forms of perceptual learning thus induce largely similar brain response patterns. However, audiovisual recalibration involves additional visual cortex contributions, suggesting that previously acquired visual information (on lip movements) is retrieved and deployed to disambiguate auditory perception.

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Hsieh, Feng-fan, and Michael J. Kenstowicz. "Phonetic knowledge in tonal adaptation: Mandarin and English loanwords in Lhasa Tibetan." Journal of East Asian Linguistics 17, no. 4 (August 30, 2008): 279–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10831-008-9027-7.

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Bell, Elise Adrienne. "Perception of Welsh vowel contrasts by Welsh-Spanish bilinguals in Argentina." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 2 (June 12, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v2i0.4051.

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This study investigates the perception of Welsh vowel contrasts by Welsh-Spanish bilinguals. A two-alternative forced choice perception task elicited subjects’ reliance on vowel tenseness and duration in the identification of ambiguous Welsh vowels. Results demonstrate no effect of order of acquisition on speakers’ reliance on duration (over vowel quality) as a cue to vowel identity in Welsh. This supports past work demonstrating that speakers of a language which lacks a given contrast perceptually rely on the most salient phonetic dimension of that contrast in an L2. Results were also atypical: language dominance outweighed a predicted age of acquisition effect on speakers adaptation to L2 phonetic cues.

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Proshina, Zoya G. "INTERNATIONALIZATION OF EAST ASIAN WORDS VIA EUROPEAN LANGUAGES." Humanities And Social Studies In The Far East 19, no. 1 (2022): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31079/1992-2868-2022-19-1-172-181.

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The article discusses international words of East Asian origin that have been functioning in Russian, English, German, French, and Spanish; the role of English in this process is also focused on. Besides, local adaptation of words that can be considered international is dwelt on, in particular their phonetic and grammatical assimilation.

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Gayraud, Frédérique, Melissa Barkat-Defradas, Mohamed Lahrouchi, and Mahé Ben Hamed. "Development of phonetic complexity in Arabic, Berber, English and French." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 63, no. 4 (April 22, 2018): 527–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2018.9.

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AbstractThe goal of this study is to provide crosslinguistic data on the acquisition of phonetic complexity among children acquiring four different languages: Tunisian Arabic, Tashlhiyt Berber, English, and French. Using an adaptation of Jakielski's (2000) Index of Phonetic Complexity (IPC), we carried out an analysis to assess phonetic complexity of children's early vocabulary in the four languages. Four different samples from each language were analyzed: 50 words selected from an adult dictionary of each language, 50 words from child-directed speech, 50 words targeted by the child, and the child's actual pronunciations of those 50 words. Globally, we hypothesized that children's early productions would be shaped by universal articulatory constraints, but also by the language they are exposed to, depending on its phonological complexity. Our findings show that Arabic displays higher degrees of complexity compared to Berber, English and French, and that children acquiring Arabic target and produce more complex words than children learning Berber, English and French.

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Rusak, V. P., V. A. Mandik, Yu S. Hetsevich, and S. I. Lysy. "About comprehensive edition on the culture of Belarusian speech." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series 64, no. 1 (February 16, 2019): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2019-64-1-69-80.

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The introduction of this paper depicts the issues related to the creation of the first in Belarusian linguistics “Pronouncing dictionary of the Belarusian language”, prepared at the junction of interdisciplinary research by specialists of two academic institutions. The dictionary proposes literary pronunciation for 117,000 words with full transcription taking into account existing orthoepic options that do not contradict the norm. It also describes the methodological basis of the work associated with the consolidation of the norms of the literary pronunciation. the main part describes in detail the structure and mechanism of algorithms for generating spelling words in phonetic transcription.The main types of combinatorial consonant changes that determine the specificity of the phonetic system of the Belarusian literary language are shown. The authors provide examples and results of instrumental processing of sound files to explain orthoepical controversial points mainly related to the phonetic adaptation of borrowed vocabulary, as well as clarification of certain phonetic positions. In particular, there are specific cases of operation for the new literary language of the opposition “voiceless fricative [ф] – voiced fricative [в]ˮ with a description of the physical characteristics of these sounds. The reasonability of displaying phonetic variations in the dictionary as a consequence of the development of language is also substantiated.Conclusion draws attention to the innovation, economic and social importance of the publication. It provides guidance on its practical use, the expediency of further interdisciplinary research in linguistics and information technology.

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Zhao, Jiayi. "FORMAL ADAPTATION OF BORROWINGS IN RUSSIAN AND CHINESE: PHONETIC, GRAMMATICAL AND MORPHOPHONEMIC ASPECTS." Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (Linguistics), no. 5 (2018): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-712x-2018-5-117-125.

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Hwang, Jiwon, Susan E. Brennan, and Marie K. Huffman. "Phonetic adaptation in non-native spoken dialogue: Effects of priming and audience design." Journal of Memory and Language 81 (May 2015): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2015.01.001.

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Samuel, Arthur. "Cross‐syllabic‐position failures of adaptation are not due to acoustic‐phonetic cancellation." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 84, S1 (November 1988): S156—S157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2025897.

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Kim, Donghyun, Meghan Clayards, and Eun Jong Kong. "Individual differences in perceptual adaptation to phonetic categories: Categorization gradiency and cognitive abilities." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 142, no. 4 (October 2017): 2704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5014866.

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Chodroff, Eleanor, and Colin Wilson. "Auditory and acoustic-phonetic mechanisms of adaptation in the perception of sibilant fricatives." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (October 2016): 3343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4970682.

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Oliveira, Gonçalves de Souza de, Karina. "Loanword adaptation in Esperanto." Język. Komunikacja. Informacja, no. 13 (May 12, 2019): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/jki.2018.13.5.

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This research investigated the phonological directions by which new roots are incorporated into Esperanto. Words were selected from the following magazines: Kontakto, the official magazine of the Tutmonda Esperantista Junulara Organizo (TEJO – World Esperanto Youth Organization), which was first published in 1963 and has subscribers in over 90 countries, and Esperanto, the official magazine of the Universala Esperanto-Asocio (UEA – Esperanto Universal Association), which was first released in 1905 and has readers in 115 countries, in addition to a technological terminology list (Nevelsteen, 2012) and to words not quoted in dictionaries but published in a list on the blog <http://vortaroblogo.blogspot.com.br/2009/09/nepivajvortoj-i.html>. Words were collected from 13 different languages: Arabic, Chinese, French, English, Japanese, Komi, Korean, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Turkish, Sanskrit and Swahili. The theoretical basis that guided this analysis was Loanword Phonology, mainly the works of Calabrese & Wetzels (2009), Vendelin & Peperkamp (2006), Paradis (1988), Kang (2011), Friesner (2009), Menezes (2013), Chang (2008), Kenstowicz & Suchato (2006) and Roth (1980). An analysis of the corpus showed that words can be adapted by their phonetic form as well as by their root’s orthographic form from the original language. Furthermore, we observed that long vowels were, for the most part, adapted as simple vowels; and some words are present in two synchronic variations.

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Kosyreva, Marina Sergeevna. "Orthographic destabilization in the Russian language in the early XXI century." Филология: научные исследования, no. 10 (October 2021): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2021.10.36534.

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This article analyzes the phenomenon of orthographic destabilization in the Russian language in the early XXI century. The phonic and graphic word forms compete in the process of phonetic-graphic adaptation of global lexis to the conditions of the accepting language. The spring to life of the loanword in the new orthographic conditions is associated with variability of the form. Over time, the form of the word stabilizes, resulting in formal de-barbarization of the loanword. In the early XXI century, certain lexical globalisms retain variability even after codification in the normative and specialized dictionaries. The concept of overcoming the variability of orthographic norm in the conditions of linguistic globalization is not being fully implemented, causing orthographic destabilization. On the one hand, the rollback to orthographic variability demonstrates complex vicissitudes of the formation of speech culture of the era of linguistic globalization, while on the other hand is substantiated by specificity of the mechanisms of phonetic-graphic adaptation of loanwords in the Russian language. The variability expands due to the adaptation of new words from the global English departs from the existing orthographic rules. The author demonstrates the phenomenon of orthographic destabilization using the representative examples; as well as concludes that it is of destructive nature, and should be overcome by hewing to the relevant orthographic trends and rules.

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Bizyaev, Alexey A., V. V. Konnov, A. V. Lepilin, D. N. Maslennikov, and N. D. Bizyaeva. "Modern methods of control over phonetic adaptation of patients to orthopedic constructions of dentures." Russian Open Medical Journal 1, no. 3 (December 25, 2012): 0310. http://dx.doi.org/10.15275/rusomj.2012.0310.

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