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Mayer, Thomas [Verfasser]. "The Induction of Phonological Structure / Thomas Mayer." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1047544865/34.
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Hopkins, Paul Stanley. "The phonological structure of the Kashubian word." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58570.pdf.
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Williams, A. Lynn. "A Model and Structure For Phonological Intervention." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://amzn.com/1557667845/.
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Book Summary: This one-of-a-kind resource presents a wide range of expert opinions about phonological disorders in children, allowing readers to understand and compare diverse approaches to assessment and intervention, choose the ones that will work best, and use their new knowledge to make decisions during clinical interventions. For each of the book's three sections—Assessment and Classification, Goal and Target Selection, and Intervention —the editors pose important "frequently asked questions" for each contributor to answer, such as Which diagnostic classification system do you find useful? How does your assessment differ for children of different ages, developmental levels, or linguistic backgrounds? How do you integrate language goals with phonological goals? What factors influence your selection of treatment goals and targets? When should a child receive individual therapy as opposed to group therapy? What do you do when your intervention plan is not working?
Through the theoretical insights and practical experience each contributor shares— and a helpful conclusion that comments on all the approaches discussed — readers will have the broad and balanced knowledge they need for informed clinical decision making. Speech-language pathologists, graduate students, audiologists, and educators will use this comprehensive, accessible resource to shape their practices and improve the lives of children with phonological disorders.
Phonological Disorders in Children is a part of the Communication and Language Intervention Series
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Bull, Brian E. "The non-linear phonological structure of Moroccan colloquial Arabic." Thesis, University of London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370024.
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Steele, Jeffrey 1972. "Representation and phonological licensing in the L2 acquisition of prosodic structure." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38520.
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It is widely recognized that differences in both prosodic complexity and position-sensitive contrasts exist both within and across languages. In contemporary phonological theory, these differences are often attributed to differences between heads and non-heads and the asymmetries in licensing potential that exist between such positions.In this thesis, the consequences of such differences for the second language (L2) acquisition of prosodic complexity and position-sensitive contrasts are explored. It is argued that an explanatorily adequate account of L2 syllabification must include highly-structured representations as well as a theory of licensing, which distinguishes between the licensing of a given position and the licensing of featural content in such a position. Using data drawn primarily from a number of studies that investigate the acquisition of French by native speakers of English and Mandarin, it is demonstrated that the widely-attested interlanguage (IL) syllable-structure-modification processes of deletion, epenthesis, and feature change have a common source. Specifically, all three processes result from the IL grammar's inability to license a syllable position or (some of) the featural content present in such a position in the target representation. Within Optimality theory, the framework adopted, this is formalized through the competition between Faithfulness constraints and Markedness constraints, which evaluate the wellformedness of the licensing relationships. Finally, it is argued that Prosodic Licensing and the principle of Licensing Inheritance from Harris (1997) work together to encode prosodic markedness in representation, as they create a series of head-dependent asymmetries in which heads are strong licensors vis-a-vis their dependents.
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Williams, A. Lynn. "The Model and Structure of Phonological Treatment: A Longitudinal Case Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1996. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2111.
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Herman, Rebecca. "Intonation and discourse structure in English : phonological and phonetic markers of local and global discourse structure /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487953204281354.
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St, Clair Michelle Christina. "Language structure and language acquisition : grammatical categorization using phonological and distributional information." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9943/.
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This thesis addresses the question of how words are grouped according to their grammatical categories during language acquisition. Over the past 20. years a general consensus has developed that distributional and phonological cues are important cues that language learners utilize in the grammatical categorization process (e.g., Kelly, 1992; Redington, Chater, & Finch, 1998). The combination ofthese cues was investigated with artificial language learning experiments, which combined two categories of. phonologically coherent words with co-occurring distributional cues, and corpus analysis techniques. Experiments I to 4 indicated that both phonological and distribution cues are necessary for the categorization of high and low frequency words. Additionally, these experiments indicated that distributional information alone was sufficient to categorize high frequency words, but that phonological cues were necessary for low frequency words. It was also found that succeeding bigram distribution cues induced more grammatical categorization than the preceding bigram cues. This is explained by the Rescorla-'\yagner (1972) model of associative learning; associations were stronger between the category words and succeeding cues as a single succeeding cue followed all category words. Associations were weaker with preceding cues as numerous category words followed the preceding cues. Experiments 5, 6 and 7 also found that the effectiveD~ss of the distributional cues was influenced by prior linguistic experience, resulting in higher learning with distributional cues which were phonologically consistent with distributional cues found in the participants' native language (English). This thesis also investigated the debate as to what type of distributional cue is most useful in the categorization process, with some researchers advocating trigram cues (Mintz, 2002) while others advocate bigram cues (Monaghan & Christiansen, 2004; Valian & Coulson, 1988). The results of a corpus analysis and two experiments provided evidence that trigram cues (aXb) are very effective at categorization, but preliminary evidence suggests that this categorization may simply be due to the combined influence of the beginning and ending bigrams (aX and Xb). Overall, this thesis indicates that phonological and distributional cues are key to grammatical categorization, which occurs through associative learning principles; grammatical categorization progresses faster with succeeding cues; and bigram distribution cues may be the initial source of distributional information in the grammatical categorization process.
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Jared, Debra J. (Debra Jean). "The processing of multisyllabic words : effects of phonological regularity, syllabic structure and frequency." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63367.
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Abdoh, Eman Mohammed Abdulrahman. "A study of the phonological structure and representation of first words in Arabic." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10221.
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This research studies the phonological structure and representation of first words in Hijazi Arabic. It investigates the representational nature of early words and the developmental stages of their syllable and word internal structure within the framework of the Prosodic Theory (McCarthy & Prince 1986, 1990). The issues raised relate to the relation between child and adult phonology, and whether the subjects follow a universal path or influenced by their language-specific phonology (Ferguson & Farewell, 1975; Vihman, 1991; Fikkert, 1994; Demuth, 1995; Ota, 2003; Lleo, 2006). The discussion has been accompanied by considering child-adult differences and cross-linguistic comparisons between child Arabic and child Germanic languages (English, Dutch), child Romance languages (French, Spanish, and Catalan), and child Japanese. Cross-sectional spontaneous data were collected from twenty two monolingual children (aged from 1;0 to1;9) living in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia by recording their speech using the object-naming technique in near natural settings and analyzed using a qualitative approach. The results show that the subjects’ segmental inventories are very limited at the onset of speech, which determines the shape of their early words. The subjects often employ phonological processes (e.g. reduplication, consonant harmony, substitution, truncation) when their templates cannot accommodate all the segmental material of the target words. The data provide evidence that the phonological structure of their early words has the same organizational units of adult phonology and governed by its prosodic principles. The subjects go through similar stages of prosodic word development to those reported in the literature: a minimal word stage (1;0-1;6), where their outputs display bimoraic and disyllabic forms, followed by a maximal stage (between 1;7-1;9), where more complex structures are produced. Despite the universality of many aspects of word acquisition in child Arabic, the study emphasizes the importance of investigating the impact of the ambient language and the role of language specific phonologies.
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Madigoe, Mashikane William. "Syllable structure processes in Northern Sotho : a linear and non-linear phonological analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53608.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study intends to describe and explain syllable structure processes in Northern Sotho. It deals with phonological processes such as vowel deletion, semivocalization and semivowel insertion. The major aim of these processes is to restore the preferred ICVI syllable structure which has been violated by morphological processes such as passive, diminutive, the construction of absolute pronouns, etc. Two phonological models are applied with the intention to determine the one that presents the most credible explanation for the phenomenon at hand. The two models employed are, respectively, the Transformational (TG) and Feature Geometry (FG) models. It appears that Feature Geometry model yields better results in the description of syllable structure processes in Northern Sotho.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beskryf en verklaar sillabestruktuur prosesse in Noord-Sotho. Die tersaaklike fonologiese prosesse is vokaaldelesie, semivokalisasie en semivokaalinvoeging. Die doel van hierdie prosesse is om "n bepaalde voorkeursillabestruktuur IKVI te herstel wat versteur word deur morfologiese prosesse met die vorming van die passief, diminutief, die konstruksie van absolute voornaamwoorde ensovoorts. Twee fonologiese modelle word geïmplementeer ten einde te bepaal welke model die mees geloofwaardige verklarings vir die betrokke verskynsels kan bied. Die Transformasioneel-Generatiewe (TG) en Kenmerk Geometriese(KG) modelle word respektiewelik toegepas. Dit skyn asof die Kenmerk Geometriese model beter resultate lewer in die beskrywing van sillabestruktuurprosesse in Noord-Sotho.
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Scouller, Alastair MacNeill. "Gaelic dialect of Colonsay." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31514.
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This thesis provides a description of the Scottish Gaelic dialect spoken on the Inner Hebridean island of Colonsay. This dialect has not previously been the subject of any serious academic research. Gaelic was the dominant language on Colonsay until the 1970s, but the local dialect is now in terminal decline, with only a handful of fluent speakers still living on the island. The study focusses mainly on the phonology of the dialect, but other aspects such as morphology, syntax and lexis are also covered. Following a brief introduction, Chapter 1 seeks to situate the dialect in its wider geographical, historical and sociolinguistic context, highlighting the major changes that have taken place in the past forty years, and have led to its present endangered situation. Chapter 2, which comprises approximately half the thesis, examines the phonological structure of the dialect in detail, based on the results of the Survey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland (SGDS). Issues of phonetic and phonemic transcription are discussed. The phonemes identified are then listed, with their respective allophones and non-allophonic variants. Chapter 3 deals with prosodic and other non-segmental features which are of significance for the phonology of the dialect. Chapter 4 highlights those aspects of morphology and syntax where Colonsay usage differs from other varieties of Gaelic. Chapter 5 discusses lexical features which are particular to this dialect, or shared with neighbouring dialects in Argyll. An annotated Glossary lists words which are of particular interest in the study of this dialect, some of which are discussed in more detail in Chapter 5. This thesis will provide future students of Gaelic dialectology with an account of the Colonsay dialect, to complement the numerous monographs that have been written about other varieties of Gaelic. Because of the precarious position of this dialect, the timing of this study is critical: it represents the last opportunity to 'preserve by record' a distinctive variety of Gaelic which, sadly, is on the verge of extinction.
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Ortega-Delgado, G. "Acquisition of a signed phonological system by hearing adults : the role of sign structure and iconcity." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1416826/.
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The phonological system of a sign language comprises meaningless sub-lexical units that define the structure of a sign. A number of studies have examined how learners of a sign language as a first language (L1) acquire these components. However, little is understood about the mechanism by which hearing adults develop visual phonological categories when learning a sign language as a second language (L2). Developmental studies have shown that sign complexity and iconicity, the clear mapping between the form of a sign and its referent, shape in different ways the order of emergence of a visual phonology. The aim of the present dissertation was to investigate how these two factors affect the development of a visual phonology in hearing adults learning a sign language as L2. The empirical data gathered in this dissertation confirms that sign structure and iconicity are important factors that determine L2 phonological development. Non-signers perform better at discriminating the contrastive features of phonologically simple signs than signs with multiple elements. Handshape was the parameter most difficult to learn, followed by movement, then orientation and finally location which is the same order of acquisition reported in L1 sign acquisition. In addition, the ability to access the iconic properties of signs had a detrimental effect in phonological development because iconic signs were consistently articulated less accurately than arbitrary signs. Participants tended to retain the iconic elements of signs but disregarded their exact phonetic structure. Further, non-signers appeared to process iconic signs as iconic gestures at least at the early stages of sign language acquisition. The empirical data presented in this dissertation suggest that non-signers exploit their gestural system as scaffolding of the new manual linguistic system and that sign L2 phonological development is strongly influenced by the structural complexity of a sign and its degree of iconicity.
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Schretlen, Christine Elaine. "Prosodic structure patterns in multisyllabic word productions of Granada Spanish-speaking children with typical versus protracted phonological development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44619.
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The primary aim of this study was to determine whether monolingual Granada Spanish-speaking children with protracted phonological development (PPD) perform differently from their typically-developing (TD) peers on measures of word stress, word length and word shape in multisyllabic words (MSWs). Previous research has shown that MSW productions can indicate PPD in English-speaking children (James, 2006). However there is no evidence to date of direct comparisons between monolingual Spanish-speaking children with typical and protracted phonological development on MSW productions. Fifty-nine monolingual Spanish-speaking children ages 3;0 to 5;11 were recruited for an original cross-linguistic study in Granada, Spain: 30 with TD and 29 with PPD. All MSW productions in the original data were extracted to create an analysis set for the current study. A total of 36 multisyllabic and 6 disyllabic single word elicitations were analyzed for each participant. A multisyllabic rubric based on principles of non-linear phonology was used to score MSW productions on word stress, word length and word shape. The rubric produced three types of mismatch scores for each child, including a word structure mismatch score, a segment-structure interaction mismatch score and a combined word structure and segment-structure interaction mismatch score. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed on all three types of mismatch scores. Overall, children in the PPD group showed significantly more mismatches than their aged-matched TD peers. Word structure mismatch scores decreased as age increased, while mismatch scores increased with increased word length. No effect of gender was found. Common mismatch patterns in both the PPD and TD groups were syllable deletion, single vowel deletion and assimilation. Consonant deletion was also frequent, both for singleton consonants and for consonants in word-initial and word-medial sequences. Mismatch patterns were more common in initial unstressed syllables than in non-initial stressed syllables. The results of this study underscore the importance of using MSWs in analysis of children’s phonological productions, because group and age effects were found in 3- and 4-syllable targets that were obscured in 2-syllable targets. Further research is necessary to allow generalization of the results to other populations and to find potential clinical applications of the scoring rubric.
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DÃaz-Campos, Manuel Antonio. "Acquisition of phonological structure and sociolinguistic variables : a quantitative analysis of Spanish consonant weakening in Venezuelan children's speech /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148639916010564.
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Chen, Shih-wei. "Phonological processing unit transfer the impact of first language syllable structure and its implications for preferred subsyllabic division units /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3824.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Curriculum and Instruction. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Donald, A. M. "Aspects of old English phonological and morphological structure : Towards a dependancy account, based on material from the Corpus Glossary." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380422.
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Gimenes, Guillaume. "Traitement des gestes sans signification en mémoire de travail : Structure, stratégies et optimalisation." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2017.
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L’objectif de ce travail vise l’approfondissement des connaissances sur le traitement des gestes sans signification en mémoire de travail. Cette recherche se décompose en 5 études réparties sur trois temps : la caractérisation de la structure dédiée à ces stimuli ; les stratégies utilisées spontanément ; l’optimalisation des performances par des stratégies induites. Nos deux premières études montrent que les gestes sans signification sont traités par une composante dédiée en mémoire de travail. Celle-ci fonctionnerait à la manière de la boucle phonologique de Baddeley, Allen et Hitch (2011) tout en étant distincte d’elle. Les deux études suivantes mettent en évidence l'utilisation spontanée d’une verbalisation qui sert à l’évaluation des performances, sans pour autant les améliorer. À la vision des gestes, des traitements mnésiques verbaux et moteurs opèreraient en parallèle, sans pour autant que les traces mnésiques se combinent. Enfin, la dernière étude établit que le rappel gestuel est facilité par l’utilisation d’une stratégie verbale induite. En revanche, les performances ne sont pas améliorées par une stratégie de répétition gestuelle. Une combinaison entre différentes traces mnésiques peut donc s’effectuer en cas d’induction d’une stratégie permettant la concordance entre geste et mot. La discussion de la thèse s’articule autour d’une mise à jour du modèle de Baddeley et al. (2011), par l’addition d’une nouvelle composante nommée « boucle motrice ». Les gestes semblant être particulièrement sujets au contexte, nous ouvrons également le cadre de cette recherche sur les théories de cognitions ancrées et incarnées (Wilson, 2002 ; Barsalou, 2008), ainsi que sur le modèle des processus imbriqués (Cowan, 2001)The objective of this work is to improve knowledge on the treatment of meaningless gestures in working memory. This research is based on five studies divided into three phases: the characterization of the structure dedicated to these stimuli; strategies used spontaneously; and optimization of performance due to induced strategies. Our first two studies show that meaningless gestures are processed by a dedicated working memory component. This component operates like the phonological loop of Baddeley, Allen and Hitch (2011) whilst being distinct from it. The next two studies highlight spontaneous verbalization, which is used in metacognitive judgments of performances, yet without improving the latter. When participants are watching gestures, both verbal and motor encoding could operate at the same time, though without combination of memory traces. The last study shows that the recall of gestures is facilitated by the use of an induced verbal strategy. However, performance is not improved by a gestural strategy. By consequence, a combination of the different memory traces is possible when words match gestures. The discussion of the thesis is structured around an update of Baddeley’s model (Baddeley et al., 2011) by adding a new component called the "motoric loop". As the gestures seem to be particularly prone to context, we are also opening the framework of this research on theories of embodied cognition (Wilson, 2002) and grounded cognition (Barsalou, 2008), as well as the embedded processes model of working memory (Cowan, 2001)
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Popescu, Anisia. "Temporal organization of liquid consonants in complex syllables : implications for a dynamic articulatory model of the syllable." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC068.
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Cette thèse est une étude du comportement spécifique des consonnes liquides en position coda à la fois du point de vue de la production et de la représentation phonologique. L’étude combine deux ensembles de résultats de la littérature dans le but d’expliquer pourquoi les liquides sont une classe de consonnes à part. D’un point de vue de la production, les consonnes liquides en position coda en anglais présentent des patrons d’organisation temporelle spécifiques à la position attaque. D’un point de vue de la représentation phonologique, il a été montré qu’en anglais, les intuitions des locuteurs natifs sur le nombre de syllabes de mots,traditionnellement monosyllabiques, comportant une voyelle longue suivie par une liquide,sont variables. Une description unifiée, de ces deux résultats, intégrant à la fois des données quantitatives et qualitatives est proposée. La proposition principale comporte deux aspects.Premièrement, je postule que les deux résultats, présentés séparément dans la littérature,doivent être considérés comme étant liés/pris ensemble. Le comportement atypique des consonnes liquides observés à la fois dans la production et la représentation peut être expliqué par la présence d’un double geste articulatoire (un geste vocalique et un geste consonantique)et en particulier par la coordination temporelle de ces deux gestes à l’intérieur de la rime.Deuxièmement, je postule que la composition gestuelle et la coordination temporelle des consonnes liquides prédisent le comportement des consonnes liquides à travers les langues.Ces hypothèses sont vérifiées et confirmée par des expériences de production et de jugements sur le nombre de syllabes dans plusieurs langues (anglais, roumain, russe et allemand). Basée sur les résultats expérimentaux, une modélisation pour les patrons de coordination observés en anglais est proposée. Les résultats montrent que c’est le geste vocalique est articulé avant le geste consonantique, ce qui détermine le comportement atypique observé pour les consonnes liquides en coda. L’articulation en premier du geste vocalique a deux conséquences importantes. Premièrement, cela donne lieu à une séquence de deux gestes vocaliques (le geste vocalique du noyau suivi par le geste vocalique de la liquide), créant un noyau complexe, qui entraine la création d’une structure de coordination compétitive à l’intérieur de la rime. Cette structure de coordination compétitive explique le comportement hors-norme des consonnes liquides en position coda. Deuxièmement, l’articulation en premier du geste vocalique rajoute des unités de poids syllabique à la structure métrique de mots monosyllabiques, ce qui explique la variabilité observée parmi les jugements du nombre de syllabes des locuteurs natifsThis dissertation investigates the behavior of coda liquid consonants from both a production and a representational standpoint. The goal is to combine two different sets of results from the literature in order to provide a clearer image on why liquids are a special class of consonants. From a production standpoint, coda liquids exhibit coordination patterns reserved for onsets. From a representation standpoint, native speakers attribute variable syllable count judgments to monosyllabic words involving a tense vowel/diphthong followed by a liquid. A unified account of liquids consonants integrating both quantitative and qualitative elements is provided.The main claim of this dissertation is two fold. First, we claim that the two results, presented separately in the literature must be considered and interpreted together. We propose that they are linked. The atypical patterns observed in the production and the representation of coda liquids stem from the presence of two gestures (one vocalic and one consonantal gesture) in the production of coda liquids, and more importantly from their relative timing with respect to other gestures in the syllable rime. Second we state that the gestural composition and the timing of liquid gestures predict liquid coda behavior cross-linguistically. These claims are tested and confirmed by cross-linguistic production and parallel production-syllable- countjudgment experiments. Furthermore, a gestural model, supported by simulations, is proposed for American English. Results show that the atypical timing pattern observed in syllables with liquid codas in American English is linked to the earlier occurrence of the vocalic gesture involved in the production of the coda liquids. This earlier occurrence of the vocalic gesture in the liquid following the vowel nucleus has two important consequences. First, it brings the liquid closer to the vowel nucleus, creating a complex nucleus, and triggering a specific competitive coordinative structure in rimes. This competitive coordinative pattern can explain the atypical temporal patterns observed for coda liquids. Second, the earlier occurrence of the vocalic gesture relative to the consonantal gesture adds weight to the metrical structure of monosyllabic words with tense vowels/diphthong nuclei followed by a liquid coda, explaining the variability in native speakers’ syllable count judgments
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Black, Deirdre Jean. "The morphological and phonological structures of Spokane lexemes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ32735.pdf.
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Wynne, Hilary Suzanne Zinsmeyer. "The phonological encoding of complex morphosyntactic structures in native and non-native English speakers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:39fd5b76-2099-4f42-a428-e4c2df39685d.
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Theories of phonological word formation (e.g. Selkirk 1980, 1986; Nespor & Vogel 1986; Lahiri & Plank 2010) assume that prosodic units are not isomorphic with syntactic units. However, the prosodic status of compounds remain uncertain, at least in so far as language planning and phonological encoding is concerned. Theories are not transparent about the prosodic status of compounds: although a noun-noun compound in English consists of two lexical words (and therefore two prosodic words), it can also act as a single prosodic item by exhibiting main stress on the first unit and carrying inflection. Thus the question remains controversial - should these items be treated as a single prosodic unit, similar to a monomorphemic word, or as two distinct units for the purpose of post-lexical representation? Recursive word formation may suggest that compounds are a single unit. Psycholinguistic evidence measuring speech onset latency in native speakers of Dutch and Portuguese also shows compounds being treated as single prosodic units (Wheeldon & Lahiri 1997, 2002; Vigario, 2010). Although recent studies have produced evidence for the prosodification of compounds in native speakers, little is known about the process in non-native speakers. Our research questions are as follows: what is the post-lexical planning unit in English, and how do non-native fluent speakers of English plan these units for the purpose of phonological encoding? To investigate our hypotheses, we focus on the phonological encoding of compounds with and without encliticisation, for native and non-native speakers of English. In a series of delayed priming tasks, we found overwhelming evidence that reaction times reflected the total number of prosodic units in the target sentence. In online tasks, however, speech latencies only reflected the size of the first prosodic unit. Taken together,these results suggest that, despite containing two lexical and prosodic words, English compounds are planned as single prosodic units, exhibiting encliticisation and reaction times similar to those of monomorphemic words. As shown by the results in this study, this naming paradigm has proved extremely beneficial for eliciting data about the structure of prosodic units in speech production. Not only was it successful for native speakers of Dutch, European Portuguese, and English, we also found that it was easily implemented into a study of post-lexical encoding in non-native speakers of English.
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Son, Shuraku. "Creativity and positive symptoms in schizophrenia revisited: Structural connectivity analysis with diffusion tensor imaging." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215955.
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Abbott, Sylvia Patricia. "The effect of phonological decoding and structural analysis training on the reading achievement of delayed readers in the intermediate grades /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7803.
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Karlsson, Fredrik. "The acquisition of contrast : a longitudinal investigation of initial s+plosive cluster development in Swedish children." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of philosophy and linguistics, Umeå university, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-829.
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Leonard, Janet. "The phonological representation and distribution of vowel in SENĆOŦEN (Saanich)." Thesis, 2019. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/10563.
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This dissertation provides the first comprehensive analysis of the phonology of vowels in SENĆOŦEN (Salish). Evidence from various phonological and phonetic phenomena are brought together to support a proposal that there are two types of phonological vowels in SENĆOŦEN (full vowels versus schwa). Understanding the phonological representations and distributions of these two types of vowels contributes a unique perspective on how words are built in the language. The study contributes to linguistic theory by showing how the interplay between faithfulness to morphological form and markedness conditions on ideal surface prosodic shape triggers a series of vowel processes, such as deletion, epenthesis, harmony and reduction, which make it difficult to trace back to the original morphological form. In taking steps towards unraveling the complicated interaction between morphology and phonology in the language and providing insights crucial to an understanding of the underlying forms of roots and suffixes, the dissertation contributes to pedagogy by making it easier for language learners to figure out for themselves how words are related to one another.
The dissertation is organized into seven chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the language situating it within the context of research on other Salish languages. Chapter 2 lays out the theoretical assumptions about SENĆOŦEN that are adopted in this dissertation. Chapter 3 argues for a phonological contrast between two types of vowels in SENĆOŦEN and argues against the notion that consonants bear phonological weight in SENĆOŦEN. Chapter 4 presents a preliminary acoustic analysis of vowel length and quality. Chapter 5 argues that syllables in SENĆOŦEN are basically simple and that the phonological environments when they are not simple are highly constrained and predictable. Chapter 6 argues that patterns of zero-schwa alternations found in complex morphological structures are accounted for by wellformed foot structure. Chapter 7 is a conclusion.Graduate
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Millard, David. "The prosodic structure of Finnish and the theory of phonological government." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3118.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this thesis is to examine same of the claims of the Theory of Phonological Government in the light of data taken from the Finnish language. The Theory of Phonological Government describes the organization of segments into constituent groupings on the basis of government relations established at the level of Underlying Representation. These prosodic constituents are related to each other, again in terms of government. While these prosodic constituents are functionally similar to traditional notions of the syllable, division of a surface string into syllables does not necessarily yield the relations predicted by the theory. Government Theory, then, makes predictions which are different from those of other syllable theories and these predictions can be tested. The Finnish language exhibits a number of phonological processes that are sensitive to prosodic structure and thus offers an excellent test case for the theory.
Chapter One presents an overview of the theory and the predictions it makes. Chapter Two examines same general phonological characteristics of Finnish. In Chapter Three I examine two prosodically-influenced segmental deletion processes that interact with each other and shows how Government Theory accounts for than in a principled fashion with minimal appeal to specific 'rules' of deletion.
In Chapter Four I examine the process of Consonant Gradation, a mutation process that is driven by syllable structure. In Chapter Five I demonstrate that certain surface strings of segments that appear to be CVVC and CVCC syllables are best treated as being other than syllables and show how the theory not only accounts for the data but also predicts the existence of such non-syllabic strings. Finally, in Chapter Six I resume the discussion of Consonant Gradation and examine the nature of some exceptional gradation forms, showing how the theory accounts for these more unusual forms.
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Nakagawa, Hiroshi. "Aspects of the phonetic and phonological structure of the G/ui language." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/4517.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT
This study describes selected aspects of the phonetic and phonological structure of the
G|ui language, a poorly documented endangered Khoe (Central Khoisan) language
spoken in Botwana. It conducts instrumental phonetic investigations, namely analyses
of palatograms, linguograms, aerodynamic recordings, sound spectrograms, spectra,
waveforms, and pitch measurements, in order to provide an objective basis for the
detailed description of phonetic features of consonants, vowels, and tones. The
description includes phonetic and phonological topics, involving consonants, vowels,
and tones, and in addition, it deals with relevant morphological phenomena, such as the
compound verb, verbal reduplication and verbal suffixes.
This research also explores some theoretical issues, such as the unitary nature of clicks
and their accompaniments, the integration of the clicks and non-clicks within a single
set of features, the correct interpretation of tonal structure. Two types of historical
sound shifts are also dealt with: namely, palatalization which is involved in the nonclick
consonant system, and the click replacement which is involved in the click
consonant system. In addition to the phonetic and phonological topics, selected
aspects of the sociolinguistic profile of this endangered language are also documented.
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Ashby, Jane. "Phonological structure in spoken and written language : evidence for a shared representation." 2003. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2396.
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Race, David S. "Phonological influences on choice of syntactic structure : a constraint-based approach to sentence production /." 2006. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
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Watts, Jennifer Lynn. "The structure and development of phonological awareness a guide for finding more effective training methods /." 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3110703.
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Starwalt, Coleen Grace Anderson. "The acoustic correlates of ATR harmony in seven- and nine-vowel African languages A phonetic inquiry into phonological structure /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/1015.
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Kulhánková, Eliška. "Vývoj a struktura fonologických dovedností v raném předškolním věku." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312837.
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Chapouto, Sandra Marisa da Costa. "Contributo para a descrição de aspetos fonológicos e prosódicos do crioulo guineense." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/27581.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Linguística: Investigação e Ensino apresentada à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra.Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma proposta de descrição – fonética e fonológica – da estrutura segmental e da estrutura silábica do crioulo guineense, com base na análise de um corpus e tendo em consideração os estudos já realizados sobre estas áreas. Partindo da descrição dos segmentos de nível fonético, propõe-se um conjunto de segmentos de base e respetivos traços distintivos, assim como dos processos fonológicos que permitem obter as unidades da estrutura de superfície que não figuram na matriz fonológica. As propostas de descrição são apresentadas de acordo com o modelo da Teoria Autossegmental: a descrição da estrutura interna dos segmentos é representada segundo o modelo da Geometria de Traços (Mateus, Falé, & Freitas, 2005; Mateus & Andrade, 2000; Clements & Keyser, 1983) e para a descrição silábica é usado o modelo de Ataque-Rima (Goldsmith, 2011; Mateus et al., 2005; Ewen & van der Hulst, 2001; Selkirk, 1982). No domínio segmental, a análise dos dados permitiu propor que, em estrutura de base, se encontram os segmentos consonânticos /p, b, t, d, k, g, m, n, µ, ʧ, ʤ, f, s, l, Ր, j, w/, os segmentos vocálicos /a, ε, i, ¿, u/ e as glides /j, w/ e que as realizações fonéticas que não correspondem a segmentos de base resultam da atuação dos processos fonológicos (i) de assimilação do traço [vozeado], do traço [nasal] e dos traços relativos ao ponto de articulação de consoante e (ii) de alteração do valor do traço [silábico]. No domínio da sílaba, a análise dos dados permitiu-nos formular uma proposta de distribuição dos segmentos pelos constituintes silábicos – propondo o estabelecimento de fronteiras silábicas em contextos problemáticos, como as sequências de segmentos consonânticos que não respeitam os princípios universais de boa formação silábica – e identificar os padrões silábicos da língua – V, VG, VC, CV, CVC, CVG, CVGC, CCV e CCVC –, sendo CV o padrão silábico ótimo.
The purpose of this work is to present a phonetic and phonological description proposal of the segmental structure and of the syllabic structure of the Guinea-Bissau creole. The basis for this description are a corpus analysis and the already existing studies on these fields. We will start with a description of the segments at the phonetic level and will then propose a set of phonological segments and their correspondent distinctive features. We will also propose phonological processes that allow us to obtain surface realisations which are not phonological segments. The proposals for the description are presented in accordance with the Autosegmental Theory - the internal structure of phonological segments is represented according to the Feature Geometry model (Mateus et al., 2005; Mateus & Andrade, 2000; Clements & Keyser, 1983) and the syllabic description is based on the Onset-Rhyme model (Goldsmith, 2011; Mateus et al., 2005; Ewen & van der Hulst, 2001; Selkirk, 1982). In the segmental domain, the data analysis has allowed us to propose that the consonants /p, b, t, d, k, g, m, n, , ʧ, ʤ, f, s, l, Ր, j, w/, the vowels /a, ε, i, , u/ and the glides /j, w/ are present in the underlying structure. The data analysis has also allowed us to propose that the phonetic realisations that have no correspondence with phonological segments are a consequence of the phonological processes of (i) assimilation – of the [voice] and [nasal] features and of the ones characterising the consonant place of articulation – and (ii) of value alteration feature [syllabic]. In the syllabic domain, the data analysis has allowed us to propose a segmental distribution across the syllabic constituents, proposing syllabic boundaries for problematic contexts - such as strings of consonants that violate the universal principles of well-formed syllables. The data analysis has also allowed us to identify the language syllable patterns – V, VG, VC, CV, CVC, CVG, CVGC, CCV and CCVC -, being CV the optimal syllable pattern.
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Black, Deirdre Jean. "The morphological and phonological structures of Spokane lexemes." Thesis, 1996. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/9805.
Full textAbstract:
The primary purpose of this study is to specify the structural characteristics
of the phonological representations of Spokane lexemes which are relevant for the
rules of the morphology and the rules of the phonology. In order to reveal the
complexity of the issue of structure, it is necessary to examine three sets of data:
non-compound forms, compound forms, and structurally reanalyzed forms. These
data provide evidence that the phonological representation of each lexeme
includes specifications for both form and structure.
Framed within the Lexeme-Morpheme Base Morphology of Beard (1987,
1993, 1995), this study establishes that certain morphological spelling operations
necessarily refer to a specific sub-string of the phonological representation which
cannot be isolated phonologically. The phonological representations of Spokane
lexemes are, therefore, analyzed as composite structures. As such, the
phonological representations of non-compounds possess (at least potentially)
complex morphological structure which includes the notions Root and Stem, while
those of compounds possess additional specifications for structure based on the
fact that each comprises two distinct Stems. Conversely, the structurally
reanalyzed forms provide evidence that historically complex structure has been
reduced to simplex form. Structurally reanalyzed forms possess morphological
structures which are identical to that of the non-compound but which are distinct
from that of their historically related forms.
This study also establishes that the structural characteristics of a lexeme’s
phonological representation remain salient for the phonology. It is demonstrated
that the domains of the phonological representation to which the phonology
attends are isomorphic with the domains of the phonological representation which
emerge from the Morphological Spelling component (at least at the lowest level of
structure). I utilize the facts of primary stress assignment, as well as the facts of
retraction and nasal shift, to provide evidence for such phonological structures
and. further, to specify the parameters of primary stress assignment in Spokane.Graduate
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Liao, Jye-Lone, and 廖傑隆. "The Study of Elementary Students* Written Error in LearningChinese Characters: The Effects of Word Frequencies, Strokes, Structures, and Phonological cues." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25257559510625659184.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立新竹師範學院
國民教育研究所
86
The purpose of this study is to explore the relations between elementary students* written error in learning Chinese characters and the frequencies, strokes, structures, and phonological cues of the characters per se. Subjects were sixth grade students at two elementary schools in Taipei County. The study consists of two experiments with 225 and 229 subjects in the first and second experiment, respectively.The first experiment mainly investigated the effects of characters* frequencies and strokes as well as sex differences in students* written error. Four different character conditions were designed; each condition contained 80 tested characters that each was presented by a phrase, with a total of 320 tested characters in the first experiment. The second experiment mainly investigated the effects of characters* frequencies, structures and phonological cues as well as sex differences in students* written errThe main findings of this study are summarized as follow: (1) males were easier making errors than females in writing Chinese characters; such differences were more significant to "low-frequency", "high-stroke", or "none- phonological-cue" characters. (2) All subjects show more written errors on low-frequency characters then high-frequency characters; such differences were more significant to "high- stroke" or "left-right-structure with none-phonological-cue" characters. (3) All subjects show more written
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Lee, Keng-Wei, and 李畊緯. "Using Structural Equation Modeling to Explore the Relation of Morphological Awareness, Phonological Awareness, and Orthographic processing to Chinese Literacy Development." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81048030700198305687.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺中教育大學
特殊教育學系碩士班
99
This cross-sectional study examined morphological awareness, phonological awareness, and orthographic processing in predicting character recognition, reading fluency（One-Minute Reading）, and reading comprehension by using structural equation modeling（SEM）. Four hundreds and sixty-nine grade 1, grade 3, and grade 5 students were examined with morphological awareness, phonological awareness, orthographic processing and reading measures. Furthermore, thirty-one Grade 5 students with dyslexia were compared with normal readers of the same age（CA controls）and normal readers of the same reading-level（RL controls）. The main findings are summarized as follows： （a）Morphological awareness developed with grades, especially between grade 1 and grade 3. Onset awareness developed mildly with grades, but not rime awareness. Grade 3 students have already developed adequate understanding of positional regularity of Chinese characters. （b）Morphological awareness, phonological awareness, and orthographic processing correlated significantly with literacy measures （Character Recognition, One-Minute Reading, Reading Comprehension）. （c）After controlling for phonological awareness and orthographic processing, morphological awareness skills predicted unique variance in Chinese literacy measures in grade 1, grade 3, and grade 5. （d）Dyslexia students performed significantly worse than their CA controls, but similarly with their RL controls in morphological awareness, rime awareness, and noncharacter awareness skills. The findings of the present study underscore the importance of morphological awareness for Chinese literacy acquisition.
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Chang, Ya-Hui, and 張雅惠. "Using Structural Equation Modeling to Explore the Relationships among Phonological Awareness, Visual Processing, Syntactic Skills and Chinese Reading Ability Development of Senior Kindergarteners : A Longitudinal Investigation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uk9y84.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺中教育大學
特殊教育學系碩士班
102
The purpose of this study was to explore the performances of phonological awareness, visual processing ability and syntactic skills of senior kindergarteners to investigate the relationships among these abilities and Chinese reading competence and to analyze the predictability of the abovementioned cognitive abilities to Chinese reading competence by means of the SEM method. The subjects were 110 senior kindergarteners from public kindergartens in Taichung city. They were administered Colored Progressive Matrices（CPM）, the phonological awareness test（the first syllable deletion, the last syllable deletion）, the visual processing test（visual spatial, visual memory, cross-out, visual matching）, syntactic skills test（word modification: quantifier, verb, adjective and noun）, Chinese reading test（character recognition, word recognition, the Zhu-Yin-Fu-Hao spelling）. The results are as followed： 1. The Chinese reading ability of senior kindergarteners had the trend of improving with ascending chronological ages. The performance of Chinese reading ability would have become stabilized after the teaching of the specific phonetic system used in Taiwan-the Zhu-Yin-Fu-Hao and its effect of words increment was also significant. The performance of the last syllable deletion awareness outperformed significantly that of the first syllable deletion awareness. Performances of each subtest in the visual processing awareness test showed different results. Among the subtests of syntactic skills, the ability of noun modification developed earlier than that of other kinds of speech. 2. The performances of phonological awareness, visual processing and syntactic skills of senior kindergarteners correlated with Chinese abilities. Both the first syllable deletion awareness and visual processing skills had concurrent and longitudinal relationships with Chinese reading ability. Syntactic skills had significant concurrent relationship with Chinese reading ability. However, observing from the outcome of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, only visual processing skills correlated significantly to syntactic skills. 3. The results of the SEM method showed that the performances of phonological awareness and syntactic skills of senior kindergarteners had fine concurrent predictability to Chinese character recognition and Chinese words recognition; the performances of visual processing skills and syntactic skills had satisfying concurrent predictability to the Zhu-Yin-Fu-Hao spelling. 4. The results of the SEM method showed that the performance of visual processing skills of senior kindergarteners had fine longitudinal predictability to those of Chinese character recognition, Chinese words recognition and the Zhu-Yin-Fu-Hao spelling of the first grade children after one year, but phonological awareness and syntactic skills showed otherwise. In addition, the performance of Chinese reading ability of senior kindergarteners had significant predictability to that of the first grade children in the same test.
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Chen, Chen-Min, and 陳振銘. "The structural traits, life span and dynamics of leaves of tree crowns and short-term phonological survey in a lowland rain forest of Nanjenshan in southern Taiwan." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99765312825590699342.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
植物學研究所
91
Phenological characteristics of 45 dominant tree species (178 individuals) with various heights have been studied in 0.64-ha creek plot of a lowland rain forest in Nanjenshan, southern Taiwan (22°10′N latitude and 120°55′E longitude, altitudes between 196 and 230m), from February 2002 to May 2003. The leaf drop, leaf flushing, flower and fruit development of tree species were examined every two weeks. Leaf dynamics of tree crowns for 22 tree species (41 individuals) of various heights were studied by observation at 4 week interval. Two or tree branch-units from the upper and the lower part of the crown were chosen each sample tree. Production rates and loss rates of leaves were measured, and leaf life span was determined as half-lives, furthermore, the leaf structure traits (including thickness of leaf, contents of water and specific leaf area) were measured for 99 branch-units and 4961 leaf-units. Majority of the species exhibit the peak of leaf flushing from March to April in the beginning or simultaneity of flowering (April-May) and the sub-peak of leaf flushing from September to October. The period of fruiting occurred from June to December. Phenological behaviors are similar intraspecificly but have variation between upper and lower branches individually in some species. Typhoon (storm in summer) with strong winds is a main cause of branch-injured to trees of overstory layer. We compared leaf dynamics and structure between upper and lower parts of the crown and its relation to height. Leaf increase rate was faster in the upper crowns of most trees. Faster rates of turnover, leaf loss and leaf production and shorter leaf life spans were associated with increasing height. Specific leaf area and contents of water decrease and thickness of leaf increase in the upper canopy. Leaf life span was associated positively with shade-tolerance and negatively with photosynthetic rate and basal area gross production. We compared leaf life span with different tree species. Leaf life span of 52% tree species is shorter than 1 year. Leaf life span of 26% tree species is about 2 years. Among 22 species of sampling tree, Drypetes karapinensis has the longest leaf life span (about 238 weeks), and Melanolepis multiglandulosa has the shortest one (about 19 weeks). The species with shorter leaf life span (< 1 year) are pioneers and gap-filling species. Leaf life span of deciduous trees are shorter than evergreen trees. Leaf life span of dominant tree species in canopy are shorter than in sub-canopy and shrub layers. The patterns of species of leaf life span in 0.64-ha plot of Nanjenshan correspond to the tropic wet forest in Barro Colorado Island, Panama.
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Machado, Marina Alexandra Gonçalves. "O impacto de competências linguísticas e variáveis sociodemográficas na precisão e fluência de leitura em alunos do 1º ciclo do ensino básico." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/27709.
Full textAbstract:
A investigação recente tem dado um papel de relevo à fluência da leitura assim como à consciência fonológica como sendo um dos preditores para o sucesso da aprendizagem da leitura.
Com este trabalho pretende-se averiguar as relações entre fluência leitora e precisão em dois momentos de crianças consideradas de risco, assim como o impacto das habilitações académicas dos pais nas competências leitoras. Participaram neste estudo 135 crianças que frequentam agrupamentos de escolas da zona geográfica do Tâmega e Sousa.
Os resultados deste trabalho mostram que existem diferenças significativas a nível da fluência e precisão da leitura nas crianças consideradas de risco e consideradas normativas. Quanto às habilitações académicas dos pais verificam-se diferenças significativas quando se relacionam com as capacidades de fluência e precisão de leitura dos seus filhos, sendo que, as crianças com melhor desempenho são filhos de pais que possuem mais escolaridade.Recent research has played a key role in reading fluency as well as phonological awareness as one of the predictors of successful reading learning. This work intends to investigate the relationship between reading fluency and accuracy in two moments of children considered at risk, as well as the impact of parents' academic qualifications on reading skills of their children. A total of 135 children attending school groups in the geographical area of Tâmega and Sousa participated in this study. The results of this study show that there are significant differences in reading fluency and accuracy in children considered at risk and considered normative. Regarding parents' educational qualifications, there are significant differences when they relate to the reading ability and reading ability of their children, and the children with the best performance are of parents who have more schooling.
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(8968220), Katelyn L. Gerwin. "Neural Correlates of Phonetic and Lexical Processing in Children with and without Speech Sound Disorder." Thesis, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
Purpose: Children with speech sound disorder (SSD) mispronounce more speech sounds than is typical for their age and a growing body of research suggests that a deficit in speech perception abilities contributes to development of the disorder. However, little work has been done to characterize the neurophysiological processes indexing speech perception deficits in SSD. The primary aim of the current study was to compare the neural activity underlying speech perception in young children with SSD and typical development (TD).
Method: Twenty-eight children ages 4;1-6;0 participated in the current study. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while children completed a speech perception task which included phonetic (speech sound) and lexical (meaning) matches and mismatches. Groups were compared on their judgment accuracy for matches and mismatches as well as the mean amplitude of the Phonological Mapping Negativity (PMN) and N400 ERP components.
Results: Children with SSD demonstrated lower judgment accuracy across the phonetic and lexical conditions compared to peers with TD. The ERPs elicited by lexical matches and mismatches did not distinguish the groups. However, in the phonetic condition, the SSD group exhibited a more consistent left lateralized PMN effect and a delayed N400 effect over frontal sites compared to the TD group.
Conclusions: These findings provide some of the first evidence of a delay in the neurophysiological processing of phonological information for young children with SSD compared to their peers with TD. This delay was not present for the processing of lexical information, indicating a unique difference between children with SSD and TD related to speech perception of phonetic errors.