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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phonology prosody'
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Khan, Sameer ud Dowla. "Intonational phonology and focus prosody of Bengali." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1580016691&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Jun, Sun-Ah. "The Phonetics and Phonology of Korean Prosody." Connect to resource, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1220465077.
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Gooden, Shelome A. "The phonology and phonetics of Jamaican Creole reduplication." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1070485686.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiv, 297 p. ; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 289-297).
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Myrberg, Sara. "The Intonational Phonology of Stockholm Swedish." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-38697.
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This thesis develops the phonological model for the Stockholm Swedish intonation system. Though previous research provides a general model of this system, many phonological aspects of it have remained understudied. The intonational options that are available to speakers of Stockholm Swedish are discussed, and it is argued that Stockholm Swedish provides evidence for complex branching of phonological domains. Specifically, it is argued that so called focal accents, which are referred to as (H)LH-accents in the present work, have essentially two different functions. First, they signal information structural categories such as focus. Second, they signal left edges of Intonation Phrases (IP). It is also argued that a wide range of options exist in the post-nuclear area. Six types of contours for such areas are distinguished, plus one additional rising contour when there are no post-nuclear accents. Based on these findings, I present an account of the branching options for the phonological categories in the Stockholm Swedish prosodic hierarchy. I argue that there is evidence for recursive phonological structures in Stockholm Swedish, i.e. that a mother node and a daughter node can belong to the same phonological category. Also, Stockholm Swedish provides evidence for a distinction between prosodic coordination (equal sister nodes) and prosodic adjunction (unequal sister nodes). Prosodic structure is mapped onto syntactic structure via a set of variably ranked Optimality Theoretic constraints. The relation between phonological and syntactic structure shows that the phonology prefers prosodic coordination (equal sisters) over adjunction (unequal sisters). The material for the study comprises a corpus of approximately 420 read sentences, which were specifically designed to test various phonological hypotheses, and approximately 17 minutes of uncontrolled speech.
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Chow, Daryl. "The Intonational Structure of Singapore English." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35302.
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This dissertation is a comprehensive description of the structure of the prosody of Singapore English. Using the Prosodic Hierarchy as a framework, each layer of the structure of Singapore English is described in detail. The smallest level described in this dissertation is the syllable, the domain in which the majority of segmental processes occur in Singapore English. The second level is the prosodic word domain, where there is a high tone anchored to the final syllable and a low tone anchored to the left edge, and these tones are shown in this dissertation to be recursive. These tones are independent of stress, which is argued to not exist in Singapore English. The third level is the intonational phrase, where the final syllable carries the boundary tone of the entire intonational phrase, affecting the tones of final particles. There is also a phrase-initial boost on the first prosodic word of the intonational phrase. Markedly absent is any intermediate phrase or domain between the word and intonational phrase, which is argued to not exist in this dissertation. The dissertation ends with a look at the possible origins of the prosody of Singapore English and a consideration of the prosodic systems which may have influenced its development.
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Butler, Lynnika. "Prosodically Driven Metathesis in Mutsun." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311476.
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Among the many ways in which sounds alternate in the world's languages, changes in the order of sounds (metathesis) are relatively rare. Mutsun, a Southern Costanoan language of California which was documented extensively before the death of its last speaker in 1930, displays three patterns of synchronic consonant-vowel (CV) metathesis. Two of these patterns appear to have remained productive while the language was actively spoken. In stem-deriving metathesis, many disyllabic noun stems ending in a VC string (as well as a few trisyllabic noun stems) alternate with semantically related verb stems ending in a CV string: e.g.,cayic ‘strength’ ~ cayci ‘to be strong’. In reflexive metathesis, a subset of verb stems, which are normally vowel-final in all environments, surface in consonant-final form in the presence of the reflexive suffix –pu and/or the reciprocal suffix -mu, as in kitro ‘to dress, to clothe’ ~ kitorpu ‘to get dressed, to dress oneself’. Finally, in suffix metathesis, the plural and locative suffixes (as well as the desiderative/irrealis enclitic) alternate between CCV and CVC forms depending on whether the preceding stem ends in a consonant or a vowel. Based on data from a large corpus of archival records of the language compiled over a span of more than a century, all three patterns of metathesis in Mutsun appear to defy the types of phonological analysis that have been proposed in the literature to account for metathesis in a variety of other languages. The phonetic and phonological factors claimed to motivate metathesis in other languages, such as misinterpretation of acoustic cues, stress attraction, sonority hierarchies, and positional restrictions, are absent in Mutsun. In this dissertation, I argue that prosodic analyses based on syllable weight and prosodic templates are required to account for Mutsun metathesis. Mutsun stem metathesis in particular has less in common, morphophonologically speaking, with metathesis in other languages than it does with reduplication or templatic morphology.
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Baker, Brett Joseph. "Word Structure in Ngalakgan." University of Sydney, Linguistics, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/408.
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Ngalakgan is an Australian language of the Gunwinyguan family, spoken fluently by just a few people in the mid Roper River area of the Top End. The thesis is a description and examination of the phonology, prosody, and morphology of Ngalakgan, based on several years of fieldwork. Ngalakgan is a language with a rich inventory of classically Gunwinyguan morphological features, including noun class agreement for all major and some minor word classes, compounding of both nouns and verbs, and a rich array of modifying and inflectional prefixes and suffixes. In Ngalakgan, there is a distinction between two kinds or 'levels' of morphology: 'root'-level and 'word'-level. Root-level morphology is lexicalised and unproductive. It is restricted to the tense/aspect/mood inflection of the small closed class of 'finite' verb roots, and to the large closed class of compounds of these roots. Word-level morphology is productive, and includes almost all prefixes, all (non-tensed) suffixes and all clitics. Only word-level structure is consistently reflected in prosodic structure; forms which are complex only at the root-level are treated as prosodic units. I show that all word-level morphemes constitute prosodic domains: every word-level stem, affix and clitic potentially begins a new domain for metrical foot structure. Geminates and glottal stops are over-represented at morpheme boundaries in complex words. In addition, they are subject to complex, non-local alternations with simple stops and zero, respectively, in Ngalakgan and related languages. The alternations are conditioned by preceding geminates and voiceless obstruent clusters, as well as by prosodic and morphological structure. I propose that voiceless obstruent clusters constitute 'boundary signals' to morphological structure, in a similar fashion to stress and, like stress, are 'licensed' by the organisation of intonation. Ngalakgan displays a quantitive-sensitive stress system in roots which is apparently unique to languages of this area. Heavy syllables in Ngalakgan are those which are articulatorily and perceptually complex: those in which the coda is followed by a consonant with a distinct place of articulation. Geminates, homorganic nasal+stop clusters and glottal stops interact with this distinction in ways which are not predicted by current prosodic theories.
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Coêlho, Matheus Almeida. "O comportamento prosódico de siglas, nomes próprios e compostos no português brasileiro: evidências para o grupo de palavras prosódicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-12032019-112722/.
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Neste estudo, investigamos a hipótese de que fenômenos fonológicos que ocorrem com certos elementos morfossintáticos, como palavras compostas, nomes próprios e siglas, em português brasileiro (doravante, PB) dão evidência para a proposição do domínio prosódico denominado Grupo de Palavras Prosódicas (PWG Prosodic Word Group [Vigário, 2007, 2010]), o qual se situa na hierarquia prosódica entre a Palavra Prosódica (PWd) e o Sintagma Fonológico (PPh). Esse mesmo nível tem sido denominado grupo clítico (C) (Nespor & Vogel, 1986, 2007; Hayes, 1989) e descrito como o domínio prosódico que compreende as palavras compostas e as palavras lexicais acentuadas eventualmente acompanhadas por clíticos. Contudo, não há consenso absoluto quanto à associação de clíticos a palavras lexicais acentuadas implicar realmente a existência de um nível prosódico distinto, uma vez que esse tipo de associação pode variar: em várias línguas já foi observada a associação de clíticos a níveis superiores e inferiores ao da PWd. Cabe ainda observar que palavras compostas e palavras lexicais acentuadas acompanhadas por clíticos não são os únicos elementos morfossintáticos do PB cujo domínio prosódico em que são mapeados consiste no nível da hierarquia prosódica situado entre PWd e PPh. Para a nossa investigação, analisamos um corpus de PB no sentido de determinarmos de que forma a prosodização desses elementos em PWGs se difere ou se assemelha à prosodização de PWds e PPhs. Com esse objetivo, procuramos contrastes entre a a prosodização de elementos que, por hipótese, tenham PWG como domínio e a prosodização de elementos que tenham PPh como domínio. Ademais, procuramos, em contexto de foco contrastivo, contrastes entre o comportamento de PPhs e PWGs ramificados. Com relação à marcação de foco contrastivo em PWG, observamos que, tanto em PPhs ramificados como em palavras compostas e nomes próprios, parece não haver possibilidade de ocorrência de proeminência fonológica de foco em uma PWd diferente da PWd núcleo da focalização. Para siglas, existe essa possibilidade, ainda que o fenômeno não seja frequente. Com relação ao bloqueio de SVE pelo acento de PWG em diferentes estruturas prosódicas, não observamos comportamentos sistematicamente distintos entre PWGs e PPhs ramificados com o mesmo número de PWds em estruturas frasais análogas. Por outro lado, observamos que o acento de PWG tem influência na ocorrência de SVE mesmo quando não coincide com o acento de PPh. Portanto, de acordo com os resultados que obtivemos, o PWG se mostra relevante para a descrição prosódica do PB.In this study, we investigate the hypothesis that phonological phenomena that occur with certain morphosyntactic elements, such as compound words, proper names and acronyms, in Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth, PB) give evidence to the proposition of the prosodic domain denominated Prosodic Word Group (PWG [Vigário, 2007, 2010]), which, within the prosodic hierarchy, is located between the Prosodic Word (PWd) and the Phonological Phrase (PPh). This same level has been called Clitic Group (C) (Nespor & Vogel, 1986, 2007; Hayes, 1989) and described as the domain which includes the compound words and the stressed lexical words eventually accompanied by clitics. However, there is not consensus as to if the association of clitics to stressed lexical words really implies the existence of a distinct prosodic level, as this kind of association can vary: in many languages the association of clitics has already been observed to levels above and below the PWd. It is also important to say that PWds and stressed lexical words accompanied by clitics are not the only morphosyntactic elements in PB whose prosodic domain in which they are mapped is the level of the prosodic hierarchy located between the PWd and the PPh. For our investigation, we analyzed a corpus of PB with the objective of determining how the prosodization of these elements in PWGs differs or resembles the prosodization of PWds and PPhs. With this objective, we have looked for contrasts between the prosodization of elements which hypothetically have the PWG as domain and the prosodization of elements which hypothetically have the PPh as domain. Moreover, we have looked for contrasts between the behavior of branching PPhs and PWGs in context of contrastive focus. As to the contrastive focus in PWG, we have observed that, both in branching PPhs, compound words and proper names, there seems to be no possibility of occurrence of phonological prominence of focus in a PWd different from the PWd that is the nucleus of the focalization. For acronyms, there is this possibility, despite the fact that this phenomenon is not frequent. As to the role of the PWG stress in blocking the phenomenon external vowel sandhi (SVE) in different prosodic structures, we have not observed systematically distinct behaviors between branching PWGs and PPhs with the same number of PWds in analogous phrasal structures. On the other hand, we have observed that the PWG stress does influence the occurrence of SVE even when it does not coincide with the PPh stress. Therefore, according to the results that we have obtained, the PWG seems relevant to the prosodic description of PB.
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Eriksson, Sanna, and Isabella Lundström. "Fonetik i engelskundervisningen." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148256.
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This is a qualitative study about the usage of phonetics in the classroom. The study is based on interviews with two English teachers and two future English teachers. The study also researches a website where teaching material are shared by teachers. Firstly, the study wants to know what researchers think about phonetics in language teaching as well as in language learning. Secondly, the study researches what teachers think about phonetics and their opinions regarding the use of it in the classroom as well as their knowledge about the subject. Thirdly, the study investigates what future teachers of English said regarding the use of phonetics and if they felt prepared to use it in the classroom. The study shows that researchers think highly of the use of phonetics in language learning. However, it is not used by the interviewees when teaching language because they find it redundant. Furthermore, the future teachers in this study said that they felt unprepared to use phonetics in the classroom.
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Capliez, Marc. "Acquisition and learning of English phonology by French speakers : on the roles of segments and suprasegments." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30011/document.
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De plus en plus de chercheurs s'accordent à dire que la prosodie a un rôle crucial dans la communication, la compréhensibilité du discours et la détection d'un accent étranger. L'apprentissage et l'enseignement de l'anglais langue étrangère bénéficieraient ainsi à mettre au premier plan les traits suprasegmentaux, ou prosodiques (accent, rythme et intonation), plutôt que les traits segmentaux (consonnes et voyelles) comme le font beaucoup d'enseignants, d'autant que les erreurs prosodiques ont souvent un effet plus néfaste que les erreurs segmentales. Cette thèse de doctorat part de l'hypothèse que les francophones apprenant l'anglais pourraient davantage améliorer leurs capacités à l'oral (production et perception) si on leur enseignait avant tout les caractéristiques prosodiques de la langue cible, plutôt que de mettre en avant les segments. Notre étude expérimentale compare ainsi l'impact d'une approche « prosodique » avec l'impact d'une approche « segmentale » sur des apprenants français non-débutants. Bien que les deux méthodes d'enseignement aient permis aux participants de s'améliorer en production et perception L2, en comparaison avec un groupe de contrôle n'ayant pas reçu de cours, aucune des deux méthodes ne leur a permis d'améliorer leurs capacités à l'oral davantage que l'autre, ce qui montre l'importance tout aussi forte d'inclure les aspects segmentaux que suprasegmentaux dans l'enseignement de l'anglais langue étrangèreResearchers increasingly highlight the crucial role of prosody in communication, speech comprehensibility, and the detection of a foreign accent. Thus, the learning and teaching of English as a foreign language would benefit from prioritising the suprasegmental, or prosodic, features (i.e., stress, rhythm, and intonation), rather than the segmental features (i.e., consonants and vowels) as many teachers tend to do, all the more so as prosodic errors often have a more detrimental effect than segmental errors. The present doctoral thesis starts from the hypothesis that French-speaking learners of English could improve their oral skills (production and perception) more if they were primarily taught the prosodic characteristics of the target language, rather than putting the segments in the foreground. Our experimental study compares the impact of a “prosody-based” teaching approach with that of a “segment-based” approach on non-beginner French learners of English. Although the two teaching methods enabled the participants to improve their L2 production and perception skills, compared with a non-treated control group, neither of the two methods enabled them to improve their oral skills more than the other, suggesting that it is important to include segmental and suprasegmental aspects alike in the teaching of English as a foreign language
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Missud, Jean. "Analyse linguistique, stylistique et prosodique de l'adjectif composé anglais." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0288.
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La première partie, « analyse morphologique, linguistique et stylistique de l’adjectif composé anglais » permet de faire un point sur ce que dit la littérature existante à propos de la manière dont la forme qui nous intéresse est construite. Nous interrogeons la manière dont le processus compositionnel donne naissance aux mots composés, avant de nous concentrer sur l’adjectif composé. Nous faisons une distinction entre composition et affixation ; puis nous établissons une liste des caractéristiques adjectivales de l’adjectif composé anglais. Le deuxième volet de ce premier mouvement est le lieu d’une étape importante de notre étude : la mise en place d’une typologie de l’adjectif composé anglais, construite à partir d’un relevé effectué dans huit œuvres du monde anglophone. Nous déterminons quels sont les cinq formats majeurs que l’adjectif composé adopte : nous mettons en place une analyse des relations syntaxiques et sémantiques au coeur des cinq formats qui dominent notre typologie, puis analysons l’apport stylistique de ces formes adjectivales composées aux oeuvres de notre corpus littéraire.La deuxième partie, « analyse prosodique de l’adjectif composé anglais », fait un état des lieux de la question de l’accentuation des adjectifs composés en lien, comme nous l’avons fait dans la première partie, avec ce qui est établi autour des autres mots composés, notamment les noms composés. L’aspect expérimental de cette deuxième partie prend la forme d’une étude phonologique de l’adjectif composé anglais en contexte théâtralThe first part consists in a morphologic, linguistic and stylistic study of the English compound adjective. We draw a summary of what the existing literature has said over the years about the adjectival compound form, which allows us to question the morphology of the compound process and the way this phenomenon produces new items of language by associating two or more existing words. We interrogate the possibility of links between the different compound words, notably the connections between the English compound noun and the English compound adjective. This first part also draws boundaries between different processes of morphology; once the compounding process and the compound adjective are defined, we draw a list of the adjectival characteristics of the compound adjective. After having studied the theories surrounding the English compound adjective, we set a typology of the form. This typology is built using the 1,521 instances found in 8 pieces of literature. We then focus our attention on the five most common syntactic formats found in our corpus: each of them is analyzed syntactically and semantically, then stylistically by examining how the authors of our corpus make use of the English compound adjective. The second part of the dissertation proposes to study the English compound adjective and its accentuation. We investigate what has been said in the existing literature about the accentuation of compound forms, notably on the accentuation of compounds versus phrases and on compound nouns
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Martins, Marcus Vinicíus Moreira. "Aspectos da percepção e do controle entoacional do Português Brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-12062013-115124/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar os limiares de diferenciação tonal (LDTs) do Português Brasileiro, no que se refere à entoação. LDTs são definidos como valores a partir dos quais a percepção de uma determinada grandeza passa a ser perceptualmente relevante. Consoni (2011) determinou que tais valores seriam de +3 e -4 semitons para palavras manipuladas em uma frase. Nosso objetivo é rever tais valores para o nível frasal. Nossa hipótese é a de que a extensão temporal afeta a percepção, graças ao efeito tau (SHIGENO, 1986). Para este fim foram aplicados dois experimento com 13 pares de uma mesma oração falada por uma voz masculina não-marcada. Os pares consistiam de uma sentença neutra (com tom zero) pareada à outras doze com F0 manipulados (6 semitons ascendentes e 6 semitons descendentes, a partir do zero), mais o par zero-zero. O primeiro teste possuía apenas duas alternativas sim e nãoe foi chamado de teste 2AFC, ao passo que no segundo havia três opções: sim, não e talvez, chamado de 3MFC. Aos participantes foi requisitado que respondessem se notavam ou não qualquer diferença entre os pares apresentados. Os testes foram aplicado em 16 pessoas. O teste3 MFC teve seus resultados desconsiderados, seus dados foram utilizados como um padrão qualitativo para o teste de nossa hipótese. A seguir foi aplicada uma ANOVA entre as variáveis do teste 2AFC a fim de se determinar se havia algum efeito, obtivemos um p < 0, 001, para n = 16, Fo > Fe. Para determinar os limiares de diferenciação tonal foi aplicada uma análise de componentes principais, a qual retornou como limiares os valores de -3 e +3 semitons.The aim of this study is to determine the differential treshold of pitch (DTPs) for Brazilian Portuguese, with regard to intonation. DTPs are defined as values ??from which the perception of a certain greatness becomes perceptually relevant. Consoni et (2011) determined that such values ??would be of +3 and -4 semitones for manipulated words in a sentence. Our goal is to review these values ??from the phrasal level. Our hypothesis is that the temporal extension affects perception, due to the effect tau (SHIGENO, 1986). For this purpose two experiments were applied using 13 pairs of the same sentence, spoken by a male voice unmarked. The pairs consisted of a neutral setence (with zero tone) paired with the others twelve sentences with manipulated F0 (6 semitones ascending semitones and 6 descendants, from zero), plus the zero-zero pair. The first test had only two alternatives yes and no and was named 2AFC test, while the second one had three options: yes, no and maybe and was named 3MFC. Participants were asked to answer whether or not noticed any difference between the presented pairs. The tests were applied to 16 people. The results from 3MFC test were disregarded, the 3MFC data were used as a qualitative standard for testing our hypothesis. Following, ANOVA was applied in the 2AFC test in order to determine whether there was any effect, we obtained a p < 0.001 to n = 16, Fo > Fe. To determine the differential treshold of pitch was applied principal component analysis, which returned as threshold values ??of -3 and +3 semitones.
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Burov, Ivaylo. "Les phénomènes de Sandhi dans l'espace gallo-roman." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807535.
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Cette thèse de doctorat s'inscrit principalement, mais non entièrement, dans le domaine de la phonologie générale et romane. Elle a pour objet d'étude plusieurs phénomènes de sandhi attestés dans quelques variétés de gallo-roman : français, occitan, wallon, franco-provençal. Comme une grande partie des phénomènes phonologiques postlexicaux étudiés sont panromans, la thèse ne les analyse pas comme des processus isolés, mais à travers leur variation diatopique et diachronique, c'est-à-dire comme des manifestations concrètes de tendances communes aux langues romanes, tout en essayant d'expliquer leur motivation par des principes phonologiques universels, ainsi que par les méthodes de l'analyse contrastive.Dans cette thèse on pourrait délimiter trois grandes parties thématiques. La première a une portée théorique et englobe les chapitres I et II où sont présentées et analysées des données d'une soixantaine de langues parlées dans le monde entier. Dans cette partie je passe en revue les diverses acceptions controversées du terme de sandhi en vue d'en proposer ma propre définition grâce au formalisme de la phonologie prosodique. La deuxième partie a une portée phonologique et englobe les chapitres III, IV et V où sont étudiés trois phénomènes de sandhi de l'espace gallo-roman, à savoir la liaison, le redoublement phonosyntaxique et les alternances vocaliques avec zéro en syllabe initiale. La dernière partie thématique est représentée par le chapitre VI qui a une portée sociolinguistique. Les trois phénomènes de sandhi en question y sont comparés et analysés à la lumière des facteurs pour leur variation, parmi lesquels la tradition graphique occupe une place privilégiée.
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Junior, José Roberto do Carmo. "Melodia e prosódia: um modelo para a interface música-fala com base no estudo comparado do aparelho fonador e dos instrumentos musicais reais e virtuais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-12112007-141109/.
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O presente estudo procura reconstituir o sistema de categorias da melodia tonal a partir da investigação de algumas propriedades comuns ao aparelho fonador humano e aos instrumentos musicais reais e virtuais. Analisando essas propriedades à luz da teoria Glossemática (Hjelmslev, 1975) e da fonologia prosódica (Nespor & Vogel, 1986), a investigação chegou aos seguintes resultados: (I) dado que o sistema musical e o sistema fonológico possuem categorias comuns, pode-se sustentar a existência de um parentesco genético entre expressão verbal e expressão musical; (II) os sistemas apresentam orientações opostas: no sistema fonológico das línguas naturais, a categoria dos segmentos (ou constituintes) é relativamente expandida, enquanto a categoria dos suprasegmentos (ou caracterizantes) é concentrada. Inversamente, no sistema da melodia tonal é a categoria dos suprasegmentos que é relativamente expandida, enquanto a categoria dos segmentos é concentrada, (III) o efeito de sentido característico da melodia tonal é fruto de uma configuração sintagmática de suprasegmentos(cronemas, tonemas e dinamenas) hierarquicamente organizados; (IV) outras categorias do sistema melódico (andamento, dinâmica e timbre) ocupam um papel à parte ne hieraquia melódica e são as principais responsáveis pelas marcas deixadas no enunciado pela instância intérprete do sujeito da enunciação.This work aims to discuss the tonal melodic system of categories by investigating some of the properties that are common to both the human vocal tract and to musical instruments - real or virtual. The analysis of these properties from the standpoint of the Glossematics theory (Hjelmslev, 1975) and of the prosodic phonology (Nespor & Vogel, 1986) led us to the following results: (I) because the music system and the phonological system comprise common categories it is possible to establish a genetic kinship between verbal and musical expression; (II) both systems present opposite properties: in the phonological system of natural languages the segmental categories (or constitutives) are relatively expanded whereas the suprasegmental categories (or characterizers) are concentrated. Conversely, in the tonal melodic system the suprasegmental categories are the ones that are relatively expanded whereas the segmental categories are concentrated; (III) the characteristic meaning effect of tonal melodies comes as a result of a hierarchly structured syntagmatic configuration of suprasegments (chronemes, tonemes, dynamenes); (IV) other categories of the melodic system (tempo, dynamics, timbre) play a distinct role in the melodic hierarchy and are the main responsible for the marks left on the text by the performer instance of the enunciation subject.
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Campos, Lívia Barbosa Borduqui [UNESP]. "Segmentações alternativas e constituintes prosódicos em Português brasileiro: uma análise através de canções da MPB." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86596.
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Propusemos, nesta dissertação, estabelecer uma discussão sobre a relação entre a organização prosódica do Português brasileiro e a produção de sentido(s). Para desenvolver essa discussão, realizamos análises fonológica e discursiva de cadeias fônicas ambíguas presentes na interpretação de quatro canções populares brasileiras. Essa ambigüidade se deve à segmentação alternativa de determinadas cadeias fônicas presentes nas canções. A segmentação, a nosso ver, divide o fluxo enunciativo e estabelece fronteiras, sendo que chamamos de alternativa àquelas segmentações que, na interpretação, alteram as fronteiras das segmentações estabelecidas nas letras impressas das canções. Buscamos compreender como essas segmentações se relacionam com as alterações de fronteiras de constituintes prosódicos e quais as relações existentes entre essas alterações de fronteiras e a construção de sentido(s) na linguagem. A hipótese que orientou nosso trabalho foi a de que as segmentações realizadas pelos intérpretes, as quais diferem daquelas estabelecidas nas letras das canções, representariam um momento em que se poderia olhar, de maneira privilegiada, para o funcionamento da linguagem, sendo possível observar tanto sua organização prosódica quanto sua estrutura heterogênea. Considerando essa hipótese, nosso objetivo mais geral foi o de explicitar, a partir de uma visão global sobre a linguagem, não somente os fatos fonológicos da língua, mas também os sentidos que esses fatos desencadeiam em um texto. Como objetivo mais específico, buscamos evidências (i) das alterações de fronteiras dos constituintes prosódicos, através das segmentações...
In this dissertation, we proposed to establish a discussion about the relationship between the Brazilian prosodic organization of Portuguese and the sense production. In order to develop that discussion, we accomplished phonological and discursive analyses of ambiguous phonic chains present in the interpretation of four Brazilian popular songs. This ambiguity is due to the alternative segmentation of certain phonic chains in the songs. The segmentation, from our point of view, divides the speech flow and establishes boundaries. In the interpretation of the songs, the segmentations which alter the boundaries of the established segmentations in the printed lyrics of the songs were named as alternative. We aimed to understand how those segmentations are related to the alterations of prosodic constituent boundaries and what the existent relationships between those alterations of boundaries and the sense construction in the language are. Our work was guided by the hypothesis that the segmentations accomplished by the interpreters, which differ from those established in the songs lyrics, would represent a moment in which it would be possible to look at the language functioning, in a privileged way, enabling the observation of the prosodic organization as well as the heterogeneous structure of the language. In considering this hypothesis, our general objective was to determine, from a global vision of the language, not only the phonological facts of the language, but also the senses that those facts unchain in a text. As a more specific objective, we looked for evidences (i) of the alterations of prosodic constituent...(Complete abstract click eletronic access below)
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Campos, Lívia Barbosa Borduqui. "Segmentações alternativas e constituintes prosódicos em Português brasileiro : uma análise através de canções da MPB /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86596.
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Orientador: Luciani Ester TenaniBanca: Gisela Collischonn
Banca: Fabiana Cristina Komesu
Resumo: Propusemos, nesta dissertação, estabelecer uma discussão sobre a relação entre a organização prosódica do Português brasileiro e a produção de sentido(s). Para desenvolver essa discussão, realizamos análises fonológica e discursiva de cadeias fônicas ambíguas presentes na interpretação de quatro canções populares brasileiras. Essa ambigüidade se deve à segmentação alternativa de determinadas cadeias fônicas presentes nas canções. A segmentação, a nosso ver, divide o fluxo enunciativo e estabelece fronteiras, sendo que chamamos de alternativa àquelas segmentações que, na interpretação, alteram as fronteiras das segmentações estabelecidas nas letras impressas das canções. Buscamos compreender como essas segmentações se relacionam com as alterações de fronteiras de constituintes prosódicos e quais as relações existentes entre essas alterações de fronteiras e a construção de sentido(s) na linguagem. A hipótese que orientou nosso trabalho foi a de que as segmentações realizadas pelos intérpretes, as quais diferem daquelas estabelecidas nas letras das canções, representariam um momento em que se poderia olhar, de maneira privilegiada, para o funcionamento da linguagem, sendo possível observar tanto sua organização prosódica quanto sua estrutura heterogênea. Considerando essa hipótese, nosso objetivo mais geral foi o de explicitar, a partir de uma visão global sobre a linguagem, não somente os fatos fonológicos da língua, mas também os sentidos que esses fatos desencadeiam em um texto. Como objetivo mais específico, buscamos evidências (i) das alterações de fronteiras dos constituintes prosódicos, através das segmentações...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In this dissertation, we proposed to establish a discussion about the relationship between the Brazilian prosodic organization of Portuguese and the sense production. In order to develop that discussion, we accomplished phonological and discursive analyses of ambiguous phonic chains present in the interpretation of four Brazilian popular songs. This ambiguity is due to the alternative segmentation of certain phonic chains in the songs. The segmentation, from our point of view, divides the speech flow and establishes boundaries. In the interpretation of the songs, the segmentations which alter the boundaries of the established segmentations in the printed lyrics of the songs were named as alternative. We aimed to understand how those segmentations are related to the alterations of prosodic constituent boundaries and what the existent relationships between those alterations of boundaries and the sense construction in the language are. Our work was guided by the hypothesis that the segmentations accomplished by the interpreters, which differ from those established in the songs lyrics, would represent a moment in which it would be possible to look at the language functioning, in a privileged way, enabling the observation of the prosodic organization as well as the heterogeneous structure of the language. In considering this hypothesis, our general objective was to determine, from a global vision of the language, not only the phonological facts of the language, but also the senses that those facts unchain in a text. As a more specific objective, we looked for evidences (i) of the alterations of prosodic constituent...(Complete abstract click eletronic access below)
Mestre
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Costa, Natalina Sierra Assêncio. "Variações entoacionais na língua portuguesa falada por mulheres guatós." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-23052011-162134/.
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Esta pesquisa descreve a entoação da língua portuguesa falada por mulheres guatós, fazendo comparação com mulheres não-índias. Foram analisadas as falas de quinze sujeitos. Descreve também a imanência da prosódia da língua guató, adquirida na infância, das guatós, mesmo depois de muito convívio com a população de Corumbá. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de pesquisa de campo e pesquisa bibliográfica. A análise e tabulação dos dados realizaram-se por meio do aplicativo ExProsodia. A análise centrou-se especificamente nas finalizações de frases em contexto diverso daquele dos falantes da língua portuguesa. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para a diferenciação na finalização das frases da categoria das meninas corumbaenses em relação às senhoras corumbaenses e às senhoras guatós, que não fizeram finalização descendente de frases assertivas. A diferenciação entre as senhoras guatós e as senhoras corumbaenses manifestou-se no tom médio das frases assertivas.This research aims at describing the intonation of the Portuguese spoken by Guató women and comparing their intonational patterns to the ones produced by non Guató women. We analyzed the speech of fifteen subjects and observed that the Guató prosody, which is the language acquired in their childhood, remains although our subjects have been living with people from Corumbá for a long time. The data were collected through field research and a literature review. Analysis and tabulation of data were conducted using the software ExProsodia. The analysis focused specifically the end of sentences in different contexts from those in the speech of non Guató women. The results pointed out to differences at the end of sentences produced by young Corumbá women in relation to the production of old Guató and Corumbá women, who did not produce the falling contour of assertive sentences. The difference between the production of Guató and Corumbá women was found in the middle tone of assertive sentences.
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Silva, Carolina Garcia de Carvalho. "O papel das fronteiras de sintagma fonológico na restrição do processamento sintático e na delimitação das categorias lexicais." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2009. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2807.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a influência de fronteiras de sintagmas fonológicos () na identificação das categorias lexicais no PB. Parte-se da idéia de que as categorias lexicais são identificadas a partir da estrutura sintática (BAKER, 2003). Esta, por sua vez, é mapeada pela estrutura prosódica. Assim, a hipótese de trabalho adotada é a de que a estrutura prosódica, ao restringir o processamento sintático, permite a identificação das categorias lexicais de termos ambíguos. Assume-se como perspectiva teórica a integração entre o Programa Minimalista (CHOMSKY, 1995; 1999) e o modelo do Bootstrapping Fonológico (MORGAN e DEMUTH, 1996; CHRISTOPHE et al., 1997), nos termos de Corrêa (2006), assim como com um modelo de processamento (Modelo Integrado da Competência Linguística, MICL: Corrêa e Augusto, 2006). Toma-se ainda a Fonologia Prosódica (NESPOR e VOGEL, 1986) que sustenta que as unidades fonológicas são organizadas hierarquicamente e que há uma relação, ainda que não obrigatória, entre constituintes prosódicos e sintáticos. Foram desenvolvidas duas atividades experimentais, tendo como base os estudos de Millotte et al. (2007) no francês, a fim de verificar como a sensibilidade às pistas prosódicas pode restringir o processamento sintático de sentenças, e consequentemente permitir a identificação das categorias lexicais Adjetivo e Verbo. Ambos os experimentos utilizaram sentenças com palavras ambíguas na condição Verbo – [a menina] [LIMPA...] – e na condição Adjetivo – [a menina LIMPA]. No Experimento 1, buscou-se verificar diferenças acústicas entre as duas condições nas fronteiras de sintagma fonológico. Mediramse os valores da duração, da frequência fundamental e da intensidade nos finais das fronteiras prosódicas. A análise destes valores revelou que: (i) há diferenças prosódicas que sinalizam a existência de fronteira de sintagma fonológico; (ii) as categorias lexicais N, V e Adj têm comportamentos distintos na estrutura prosódica. O Experimento 2 testou se, dependendo apenas do contexto prosódico, os participantes seriam capazes de identificar as categorias sintáticas dos elementos ambíguos. Os resultados encontrados sustentam a hipótese de que as pistas prosódicas existentes nas fronteiras de sintagma fonológico auxiliam na restrição do processamento sintático e na identificação das categorias lexicais.
This study investigates the influence of phonological phrase boundaries () on the identification of lexical categories in Brazilian Portuguese. The start point assumption is that lexical categories are identified based on the syntactic structure (BAKER, 2003). On the other hand, the syntactic structure is mapped by the prosodic structure. Thus, the working hypothesis adopted is that, since the prosodic structure constrains the syntactic structure, it allows, in consequence, the identification of lexical categories of ambiguous terms. We assume the integration between the Minimalist Program (CHOMSKY, 1995; 1999) and the Phonological Bootstrapping Model (MORGAN and DEMUTH, 1996; CHRISTOPHE et al., 1997), in terms of Corrêa (2006), as well as a Processing Model (Integrated Model of Linguistic Competence, MICL: CORRÊA and AUGUSTO, 2006). We also assume the Prosodic Phonology (NESPOR and VOGEL, 1986) which argues that the phonological units are hierarchically organized and that there is a relation between the prosodic e the syntactic constituents, even though that relation may not be obligatory. Based on the studies of Millotte et al. (2007) in French, two experimental activities were devolved in order to verify how the sensibility to prosodic cues may constrain the syntactic processing of sentences and allow the identification of lexical categories ADJ and V. Both experiments used sentences containing ambiguous words in the condition Verb – [a menina] [LIMPA...] (the girl CLEANS) – and in the condition Adjective – [a menina LIMPA] (the CLEAN girl). In Experiment 1, we tried to verify the acoustic differences between the two conditions in the phonological phrase boundaries. We measured the values of duration, fundamental frequency and intensity at the end of the prosodic boundaries. The analysis of those values revealed that (i) there are prosodic differences that signalize the existence of phonological phrase boundaries; (ii) the lexical categories N, V and ADJ have different behaviors in the prosodic structure. The Experiment 2 tested if, depending exclusively on the prosodic context, the participants were capable of identifying the syntactic categories of the ambiguous elements. The results support the hypothesis that prosodic cues present on the phonological phrase boundaries help constraining the syntactic processing and, in consequence, the identification of the lexical categories.
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Roux, Guillaume. "Prélinguistique et linguistique dans la période des premiers mots : approches historique, épistémologique et expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829373.
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Cette recherche s'intéresse à la possibilité d'établir des points de comparaison entre le prélinguistique et le linguistique dans la période des premiers mots. Le constat d'un flou régnant autour des notions de mot et de proto-mot nous a fait considérer différentes approches : historique, épistémologique et expérimentale. L'apport de l'approche historique est essentiel pour cerner la problématique et considérer la façon dont parler est envisagé par une société et une époque. Cettepartie nous permet de mettre en avant deux éléments : la question de l'émergence de la parole implique la notion de représentation sociale, et l'émergence de la parole, aujourd'hui, se situe durant la période des premiers mots. L'analyse de cette période nous conduit à une partie épistémologique permettant de définir le type d'unités caractéristiques de cette période : les proto-mots et les mots. Une fois nos unités identifiées, nous effectuons une analyse longitudinale de quatre enfants, de un an à deux ans. Nous avons d'abord identifié un phénomène de substitution des mots aux proto-mots. Ensuite, nous avons observé les deux éléments communs à ces productions : la prosodie et la phonologie. Il découle de notre analyse que la prosodie fournit un cadre commun assurant la transition entre les proto-mots et les mots, et que la phonologie est le domaine où s'observent les différences : les mots sont le lieu du développement des structures phonologiques complexes, contrairement aux proto-mots. Nous avons pu considérer que parler, c'était privilégier les motscomme support de communication verbale, par rapport aux proto-mots, et que cette particularité est l'objet du développement phonologique.
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Mekina, Emilienne-Nadège. "Description du fang-nzaman, langue bantoue du Gabon : phonologie et classes nominales." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0328.
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Cette thèse consiste en une description du Fang-Nzaman, langue bantoue parlée au Gabon en Afrique Centrale. Le travail présente la phonologie en commençant par l'identification des phonèmes, avec la mise en relief des paires minimales qui permettent d'opposer les phonèmes : /mb/ vs /b/ et de les classer comme unités distinctives. Le choix des oppositions qui sont présentées a été fait en fonction des éléments nécessaires à l'identification dans certaines positions. Pour les phonèmes, le lexème permet les oppositions dans les structures les plus usitées. Les phonèmes sont ainsi définis dans leur fonctionnement et dans leur classement.Les unités discrètes sont indispensables au fonctionnement de langues, mais les éléments majeurs suprasegmentaux de la prosodie que sont les tons dans le fang-nzaman le sont aussi. Ils sont répertoriés en tons ponctuels et tons modulés.L'organisation de ces unités a permis l'identification de différentes positions occupées par les catégories grammaticales ou lexicales dans le syntagme ; après la définition des éléments du système dans le cadre syntaxique, on a procédé à l'analyse des classes nominales. L'étude des catégories grammaticales permet également d'envisager la morphologie dans le cadre d'un paradigme nominal et dans un aperçu du paradigme verbal. Le paradigme nominal inventorie les indices de classe, les détermine à partir de trois critères, la forme du préfixe nominal, l'appariement des classes et les accords de classe. La langue permet aussi d'étudier le fonctionnement des indices de classe avec les pronoms dans les énoncésThis thesis is a description of Fang-Nzaman, a Bantu language spoken in Gabon, in Central Africa. This work identifies the phonemes of Fang-Nzaman, highlighting the existence of minimal pairs opposing the phonemes /mb/ and /b/, which shows that they are distinctive units.The oppositions presented were chosen according to the representativeness of the elements necessary to identification in certain positions. For phonemes, the lexeme allows for oppositions in the most commonly used structures. Phonemes are thus defined in terms of their behaviour and their classification.Discrete units are key to the understanding of languages, but major suprasegmental elements of prosody, such as the tones of Fang-Nzaman, are also crucial. They are classified into punctual tones and contour tones.The organization of those units has made it possible to identify the various positions occupied by the grammatical or lexical categories in the syntactic unit and to define the elements of the system within a syntactic framework, prior to the analysis of noun classes.Thus, the study of grammatical categories makes it possible to analyze morphology in terms of a noun paradigm and, briefly, a verb paradigm. The noun paradigm lists the class affixes, identifying them on the basis of three criteria: form of the noun prefix, pairing and class inflection. The language also makes it possible to show how class affixes are used with pronouns in speech
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Cangemi, Francesco. "Prosodic detail in Neapolitan Italian." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3059.
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De récentes découvertes sur le rôle du détail phonétique ont inspiré des modèles prosodiques basés sur une approche exemplariste. Au travers de quatre expériences portant sur la production et la perception du détail mélodique et temporel dans la variété napolitaine de l'italien, nous montrons que la notion de détail prosodique n'est pas non plus incompatible avec une approche abstractionniste. Plus particulièrement, nous suggérons que l'exploration du détail prosodique permettrait de mieux encadrer les rapports entre substance phonétique et formes phonologiques, en éclairant ainsi comment les fonctions pragmatiques sont véhiculée par la prosodieRecent findings on phonetic detail have been taken as supporting exemplar-based approaches to prosody. Through four experiments on both production and perception of both melodic and temporal detail in Neapolitan Italian, we show that prosodic detail is not incompatible with abstractionist approaches either. Specifically, we suggest that the exploration of prosodic detail leads to a refined understanding of the relationships between the richly specified and continuous varying phonetic information on one side, and coarse phonologically structured contrasts on the other, thus offering in-sights on how pragmatic information is conveyed by prosody
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Braga, Gabriela. "Prosódia do português de São Tomé: o contorno entoacional das sentenças declarativas neutras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-13082018-154538/.
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Esta dissertação tem como objetivos (i) descrever e analisar o contorno entoacional das sentenças declarativas neutras do português falado na ilha de São Tomé (PST), em São Tomé e Príncipe, especificamente a relação entre associação de eventos tonais ao contorno entoacional e a formação de domínios prosódicos, tanto em fala controlada quanto em fala espontânea, assim como (ii) comparar os resultados encontrados para o PST com aqueles descritos na literatura para outras variedades de português já estudadas sob a mesma perspectiva teórica: variedades lusitanas, brasileiras e de Guiné-Bissau, variedade africana assim como o PST. Nossa hipótese é que do ponto de vista entoacional o PST se distancie do SEP (standard european portuguese, o português falado em Lisboa), embora esta seja considerada a variedade de prestígio no país e tida como alvo pela população, ensinada nas escolas e veiculada na mídia. Para alcançar os objetivos estabelecidos, nos valemos do aparato teórico da Fonologia Entoacional Autossegmental e Métrica, para a investigação da associação de eventos tonais ao contorno entoacional, numa abordagem integrada à Fonologia Prosódica, para verificarmos a formação dos constituintes prosódicos e identificação dos domínios relevantes na atribuição de eventos tonais. Dentre as características prosódicas e entoacionais que encontramos, destacamos (i) a alta densidade tonal do contorno entoacional das sentenças declarativas neutras em PST; (ii) a associação de acentos tonais (pitch accents) a todas as palavras prosódicas nas sentenças de fala controlada;(iii) a associação obrigatória de acento tonal à palavra prosódica cabeça de sintagma entoacional, seguido de um tom de fronteira associado à sua fronteira direita; (iv) a possibilidade de associação de acento frasal (phrasal accent) à fronteira de sintagmas fonológicos; (v) a configuração de contorno nuclear majoritariamente baixa (L* L%), embora também seja possível a realização de um contorno nuclear descendente (H+L* L%) para as sentenças declarativas neutras dessa variedade de português. Através desta dissertação, apontamos características entoacionais e prosódicas do PST que o afastam do SEP e que podem ser consideradas como argumentos para a consolidação do PST como uma variedade que possui (assim como o PB) uma gramática entoacional própria, não se tratando de uma produção considerada irregular da variedade tida como padrão.This study aims to (i) describe and analyze the intonational contour on neutral declarative sentences in the Portuguese spoken on São Tomé island, in São Tomé & Principe (PST), specifically the relation between the association of tonal events with the intonational contour and the formation of prosodic domains, either on controlled or spontaneous speech and (ii) compare the results achieved on PST with the ones described on previous papers on other Portuguese varieties already studied under the same theoretical perspective: lusitanic varieties, Brazilian varieties, and from Guinea-Bissau, an African Portuguese variety, like PST. Our hypothesis is that from the intonational point of view, PST stands far away from the SEP (standard European Portuguese), although that is the prestige variety and seen as a goal by the population, taught in schools and used by the media. To accomplish these objectives, we used the theoretical apparatus supplied by the Metric and Autosegmental Intonation Phonology to investigate the association of tonal events to the intonational contour, approaching it while integrated to the Prosodic Phonology, to verify the formation of prosodic constituents and the identification of relevant domains to the tonal event attribution. Among the prosodic and intonation characteristics we found, we highlight (i) the high tonal density of the intonational contour of the neutral declarative sentences in PST; (ii) the association of pitch accents with every prosodic word in the controlled speech sentences; (iii) the mandatory association of pitch accent to the intonational phrase head prosodic word, followed by a boundary tone associated to its right-side edge; (iv) the possibility of associating the phrasal accent to the phonological phrase edge; (v) predominantly low nuclear contour configuration (L* L%), although it is also possible to perform a top-down nuclear contour (H+L* L%) to the neutral declarative sentences in this Portuguese variety. With this paper, we point out PSTs intonational and prosodic characteristics that ward it off from SEP that may be considered as arguments for the consolidation of PST as a variety possessing (just like the PB) its own intonational grammar, proving it is not a production considered as irregular when compared to the standard one.
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Braga, João Vinicius de Almeida. "Tipos de tópicos em português brasileiro: um olhar prosódico-sintático." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-19012017-135903/.
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O presente trabalho levanta a questão da derivação sintática em diferentes contruções de tópico. Essa diferenciação foi estabelecida por Frascarreli & Hinterhölzl (2007) com base na abordagem de Rizzi (1997) que propõe uma estrutura mais articulada para o complexo CP. Assim Frascarelli & Hinterhölzl (2007) realizam um levantamento de corpora determinando três tipos de tópico em sentenças do italiano e do alemão, a saber: a) Tópico conversacional (aboutness topic): informação que é o tema da sentença (REINHART, 1981); b) Tópico contrastivo: constituinte que cria um par opositivo a outro tópico (CHAFE, 1987) c) Tópico familiar: constituinte acessível, geralmente realizado em uma forma pronominal (PESETSKY, 1987). Para dar uma ideia do problema considere os exemplos, abaixo: 1) O JOÃO (*ele) leu o livro de sintaxe (não o Pedro). Foco contrastivo 2) O livro de sintaxe, o João leu ø/ele ontem. Tópico 3) O João, ele leu o livro de sintaxe. Tópico 4) O João, ø leu o livro de sintaxe ontem. Tópico Os autores avaliam o contorno entoacional de cada uma das construções (2 e 3) e a sentença (4) que coloca uma ambiguidade estrutural entre moviemnto e geração na base. Os autores, então, propõem que todas sejam geradas na base deixando a estrutura de cujo sintagma é inequivocamente movido para a expressão de foco, sentença (1). Com base nesse trabalho realizamos um estudo comparativo entre as estruturas de tópico em PB. Contrapomos a entoação de sentenças como as decritas acima e avaliamos se existe um melhor tratamento sintático para tais estruturas, seja derivação via movimento, ou geração na base. No primeiro capítulo apresentamos o problema e a arquitetura da fonética articulatória, autossegmental e métrica e prosódica que embasam o estudo. Em seguida apresentamos alguns estudos já realizados nessa matéria que contam com a descrição prosódica de sentenças neutras do PB e sentenças com foco prosódico sobre o sujeito, além de sentenças com tópicos já levantadas em pesquisas anteriores. No segundo capítulo apresentaremos a teoria sintática que ampara nosso entendimento das estruturas envolvidas e o tipo de derivação em jogo. A teoria gerativa formulada por Chomsky servirá como guia balizador da derivação, especialmente a partir do programa minimalista (COMSKY 1995 e posteriores) Após essa introdução aprsentaremos algns estudos sobre esse conjunto de sentenças os possíveis caminhos a serem seguidos. No terceiro capítulo descrevemos o experimento, no quarto apresentamos e discutimos os resultados. Por fim, o quinto e último capítulo oferece um panorama geral do que foi exposto e as conclusões.This study is about different topic constructions and their darivations. This differentiation was established by Frascarreli & Hinterhölzl (2007) based on the approach developed by Rizzi (1997), which proposes a more articulated CP structure. So Frascarelli & Hinterhölzl (2007) conducted corpora syrvey and unveal three types of topics in the Italian and German: a) shifting topic (aboutness topic): information that is the subject of the sentence, relativaly (Reinhart, 1981); b) contrastive topic: a phrase that creates a opposition to another pharse (Chafe, 1987) c) familiar topic: a given or accessable constituint (PESETSKY, 1987). To give an ideato this problem, please, consider the examples, below: 1) JOHN (* he) reads the syntax book (not Peter). Contrastive focus 2) The syntax book, John read ø / it yesterday. Topic 3) John, he read the syntax book. Topic 4) John ø syntax read the book yesterday. Topic These sentences ar all fine in BP. Sentence (1) can not have the strong pronoun. Sentence (2) is accetable in both forms either with a strong pronoun or wth the empity category. Sentence (3) is accetable because John is based generated at spell out. Sentence (4) is ambiguous bettween movment or base generation. The authors evaluate the intonation of each one of the structures like (2, 3 and 4) and propose that: they are all based generated leaving the derivation via movment to express focus, sentence (1). Based on this work, we carried out a comparative study of the topic structures in BP. Analizing sentences like (2-4) we stabilishs the intonational contour of them and look for a better treatment for such syntactic structures: derivation via movement, or base generation. In the very first chapter we present the problem and the architecture of the phonetic articulation, the autossegmental and metric phonology and prosodic structure that will guide this study. Then, some previous studies in this area are show wtih the descriptions of the PB neutral sentences and sentences with prosodic focus on the subject, and, also, sentences with already raised topics in the recent past. In the second chapter, we will present the syntactic theory that supports our understanding of the structures involved here and the type of analisys envolved. The generative theory formulated by Chomsky will serve as base line, especially from the Minimalist Program (COMSKY 1995 and laters). After this introduction, we will present some findings on this set of sentences and two possible paths to follow. In the third chapter we describe the experiment, in the fourth we present and discuss the results. Finally, the fifth and final chapter offers an overview of the foregoing and the conclusions.
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Molineaux, Ress Benjamin Joseph. "Synchronic and diachronic morphoprosody : evidence from Mapudungun and Early English." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:50da7a03-1155-4931-b246-2ab7beee9981.
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In the individual grammars of time-bound speakers, as well as in the historical transmission of a language, prosodic and morphological domains are forced to interact. This research focuses, in particular, on stress, and its instantiation in different domains of the morphological structure. It asks what factors are involved in prioritising one system – morphology or stress assignment – over the other and how radical the consequences of this may be on the overall structure of the language. The data comes from two typologically distinct languages: Mapudungun (previously 'Araucanian'), a polysynthetic and agglutinating language isolate from Chile and Argentina documented for over 400 years; and English, far further into the isolating and fusional spectra, and documented from the 7th century onwards. In both languages, we focus on morphologically complex words and how they evolve in relation to stress. In Mapudungun we examine the entire historical period, while in English we focus on the changes from Old to Middle English (8th -14th centuries). The analyses show how different types of data (from acoustics, to native and non-native intuitions; from historical corpora, to present-day experimentation techniques), can be used in order to assess whether the prosodic system will accommodate to the demarcation of morphological domains or whether morphological structure is to be shoehorned into the prosodic system's rhythmic pattern. Original contemporary field and experimental work on Mapudungun shows stress to fall on right-aligned moraic trochees in the stem and word domains. This contradicts claims in the foot-typology literature, where Araucanian stress goes from left to right, building quantity-insensitive iambs. A reconstruction of the history of the stress system suggests a transition from quantity insensitivity to sensitivity and the establishment of two domains of stress, which ultimately facilitates the parsing of word-internal structure, emphasising the demarcative function of stress. In the case of Early English, the focus is on the prefixal domain. Here the optimisation of the stress system – also trochaic – is shown to reduce the instances of clash in the language at large. As a result, a split in the prefixal system is identified, where prefixes constituting heavy, non-branching feet are avoided – and are ultimately lost – due to clash with root-initial stress, while light and branching feet remain in the language. In this case, it is the rhythmic or structural role of stress that is emphasised. Language internal factors are evaluated – in particular morphological type and stress properties – alongside external factors such as contact (with Chilean Spanish and Norman French), in order to provide a more general context for the observed changes and synchronic structure of the languages. A key concept in the analysis is that of 'pertinacity', the conservative nature of transmission in grammars, which leads learners to perpetuate perceived core elements of the system.
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Kapryn, Russell Paul. "L2 LEARNERS AND THE INTELLIGIBLITY OF THE BOSTONIAN AND CALIFORNIAN ACCENTS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/790.
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This thesis investigates issues of intelligibility through the lens and focus of prosody when the Bostonian and Los Angeles-based accents are heard in casually occurring conversation by native and non-native speakers. Over the spring and summer of 2017, six native speakers and 11 non-native speakers of English were interviewed from having listened to two 2.5 minute audio sample clips of speakers who have these accents. Respondents were asked questions such as what was difficult or easy or whether they could summarize the recordings for me. Findings indicate that while the native speakers often had difficulty with vocabulary due to context, non-native English speakers frequently found the same recordings to sound continuous, blended or merged together when the Boston and Los Angeles audios were played to them.
Native English speakers, by contrast, did not seem to face the same prosodic challenges of intelligibility as their non-native English-speaking counterparts when these two accents were heard in informal conversation. It has been found that L2 learners have a strong desire to learn English from their teachers through more naturally or informally occurring conversation. The argument is made that the teaching, practice and engagement of informal conversation is woefully inadequate for non-native speakers of English. Within this thesis the core subsets of the perceptions of prosody are analyzed between native and non-native speakers of English. The purpose of doing so is to pedagogically improve learning in EFL and ESL contexts.
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Fandén, Anna, Julia McTaggart, and Åsa Hellstadius. "Prosodisk förmåga hos svenska grundskolebarn med cochleaimplantat." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15634.
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Prosody can be characterized as the rhythm and the melody of speech. Prosodic features convey emotions, thoughts and geographic origins of each individual. Spoken language without prosody would be monotonous, without variations in loudness and rate. Children with cochlear implants perceive speech in a different way than children with normal hearing. Consequently the speech produced by a child with cochlear implants may sound different.
The purpose of this study was to examine prosodic skills in Swedish children with cochlear implants and to compare them with the prosodic skills in Swedish children with normal hearing. The purpose of the study was also to examine differences between these two groups and to characterize those differences.
Eight children with cochlear implants and eight controls matched to age, sex and regional accent were included in the study. The children’s production and perception of prosody was tested.
The results show that there are differences in prosodic skills between the children with cochlear implants and their matched controls at word, phrase and discourse levels. The differences were significant in production but not in perception. Observed differences in the speech of the children with cochlear implants included omission of unstressed syllables and function words, difficulties producing contrast of tonal word accents and pro-longed maintenance of phonological processes.
The study contributes to the knowledge about prosodic and linguistic skills in Swedish children with cochlear implants.
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Kang, Ongmi. "Korean prosodic phonology /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8428.
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Andersson, Madeleine, and Ann Carlsson. "Utveckling av kognitiva färdigheter och läsförmåga hos barn med mild och måttlig hörselnedsättning i ett ettårsperspektiv." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19638.
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The capacity to process and to remember information is a basic condition for language ability and for coming reading ability. Reading ability is strongly connected to phonological awareness, receptive vocabulary knowledge and working memory capacity. In what way hearing impairment in children affects development of cognitive skills and later on reading ability is an area that has attracted minor attention for research.
The aim with this study was to investigate changes in cognitive skills and reading ability in children with mild or moderate hearing impairment after one year of progress and furthermore if any connections between any increases of the abilities were to be found. Comparisons were made with results from age adequate normal hearing children. Moreover prosodic ability on word-level was tested this year. Eleven Swedish children aged 7:6-10:10 years participated in this study. To illustrate progress of the abilities mentioned the SIPS computer test battery and furthermore some manually given tests for reading and prosodic abilities were used.
The results show a developmental trend for the children with hearing impairment on tests of working memory and reading comprehension. The least degree of development was found in the area of phonological skills. The children with hearing impairment showed in general the same capacity as normal hearing children on tests for the different abilities. In the area of working memory the children with hearing impairment had significant lower results on half of the tests than age adequate normal hearing children. Several strong connections were present for children with hearing impairment this year than last year, in-between cognitive skills and reading ability. Correlation appeared between age for insertion of hearing aid and test for decoding ability. Results on tests for prosodic ability reached ceiling effect.
Förmåga att bearbeta och minnas information ligger till grund för språkförmåga och är en förutsättning för kommande läsutveckling. Läsförmåga är starkt sammankopplad med fonologisk medvetenhet, receptivt ordförråd och arbetsminneskapacitet. På vilket sätt hörselnedsättning hos barn påverkar utveckling av kognitiva färdigheter och sedermera läsförmåga är dock ett område som inte tilldragit sig något större forskningsintresse.
Syftet med studien var att undersöka förändring av kognitiva färdigheter och läsförmåga hos barn med mild och måttlig hörselnedsättning under ett års tid, samt eventuella samband mellan förmågorna. Årets prestation jämfördes mot tidigare insamlat resultat från åldersmatchade normalhörande barn. Därutöver testades prosodisk förmåga på ordnivå. I studien deltog elva svenska barn i åldrarna 7:6-10:10 år. För att belysa utveckling av nämnda förmågor användes dels det datorbaserade testbatteriet SIPS samt manuella tester.
Resultaten visar en utvecklingstrend för gruppen barn med hörselnedsättning inom samtliga deltester som mätte arbetsminne och läsförståelse. Lägst grad av utveckling, där prestation låg i nivå med förra årets mätning, var inom fonologiska färdigheter. Vid jämförelse mellan grupperna presterade barnen med hörselnedsättning i allmänhet i nivå med åldersmatchade normalhörande barn inom de testade delområdena. Inom delområdet arbetsminne hade barnen med hörselnedsättning signifikant sämre resultat i hälften av deltesterna än de åldersmatchade normalhörande barnen. Barnen med hörselnedsättning hade år 2009 fler starka samband mellan deltester som mätte kognitiva färdigheter och läsförmåga, i jämförelse mot förra året. Samband fanns också mellan ålder för insättande av hörapparat och ett deltest som mätte avkodningsförmåga. Takeffekter fanns på tester av prosodisk förmåga på ordnivå för barnen med hörselnedsättning.
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Araújo, Vanessa Cristina de. "O papel da prosódia no processamento sintático de sentenças garden-path." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1494.
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Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a influência da prosódia no processamento sintático de sentenças que possuem ambiguidades estruturais temporárias, conhecidas na literatura psicolinguística como sentenças Garden-Path. Assim, toma-se como hipótese de trabalho que os ouvintes nativos do Português Brasileiro (doravante PB) utilizam as pistas prosódicas como facilitadoras no processamento sintático das sentenças em estudo. Quanto à abordagem teórica utilizada, assume-se o modelo proposto por Corrêa (2006; 2009) que integra teoria linguística, mais especificamente o Programa Minimalista (CHOMSKY, 1995; 1999) com modelos de processamento linguístico como o Bootstrapping Fonológico (MORGAN & DEMUTH, 1996; CHRISTOPHE et al., 1997). Considera-se ainda a Fonologia Prosódica (NESPOR &VOGEL, 1986) que fundamenta a concepção de interface entre os níveis prosódico e sintático. A fim de encontrar evidências a favor da hipótese assumida neste trabalho, foi desenvolvida uma atividade experimental, tendo como base o estudo de Gayle Dede (2010) em língua inglesa. Ouvintes nativos do PB foram expostos a pares de sentenças lexicalmente idênticas, porém com contornos prosódicos distintos. Nas frases (a) utilizaram-se verbos com dupla transitividade como acordava em “Enquanto a mãe acordava os filhos faziam seu café”, seguidos de expressões que podem ser interpretadas como complementos destes (os filhos no exemplo). Já nas frases (b), utilizaram-se verbos intransitivos como caminhava em “Enquanto a mãe caminhava os filhos faziam seu café”, nas quais as expressões que os seguem não podem ser interpretadas como complementos. Os contornos prosódicos, tanto em (a) quanto em (b), levavam a interpretação da expressão temporariamente ambígua, ora como sujeito do verbo da oração principal (condição (P1)), ora como complemento do verbo da oração subordinada (condição (P2)). Os resultados encontrados vão ao encontro da hipótese inicial de que as pistas prosódicas exercem influência no processamento sintático de sentenças Garden Path.
This study investigates the influence of intonational phrase boundaries on the restriction of the syntactic processing of sentences which have temporary structural ambiguities, known in psycholinguistic literature as Garden Path sentences. The working hypothesis is that native listeners of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) uses prosodic cues, more specifically, phonological phrase boundary cues to facilitate the syntactic processing of these sentences. As for the theoretical approach, we assume the model proposed by Corrêa (2006, 2009) that integrates linguistic theory, specifically the Minimalist Program (CHOMSKY, 1995, 1999) with models of language processing as the Phonological Bootstrapping (MORGAN & DEMUTH, 1996; CHRISTOPHE et al., 1997). We also adopt the conception of interface between the prosodic and syntactic levels proposed by the Prosodic Phonology (Nespor & Vogel, 1986). In order to investigate the role of prosodic cues in the syntactic ambiguity resolution, we developed an experimental activity, based on Gayle Dede experiments (2010). BP native listeners were exposed to pairs of lexically identical sentences but with different prosodic contours. In the sentences (a) intransitive subordinate verbs were followed by plausible direct objects as in While the mother woke up the children prepared the breakfast. In the sentences (b) intransitive subordinate verbs were paired with implausible direct objects as in While the mother walked the children prepared the breakfast. Both sentences were unregistered in two prosodic conditions in which the critical segment (the children) were produced as an direct object of the first verb (P2 condition) or as the subject of the second verb object (P1 condition).The results support our hypothesis that prosodic cues facilitate Garden Path sentence syntactic processing by BP native speakers.
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Leal, Eneida de Goes. "Elisão silábica e haplologia: aspectos fonológicos do falar da cidade paulista de Capivari." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-31072007-153548/.
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Esta dissertação trata da queda de sílaba em limite de palavra no falar da cidade paulista de Capivari, observando-se em quais contextos esse processo fonológico pode ocorrer e em quais nunca ocorre. Para realizar essa análise, são considerados três níveis fonológicos, quais sejam: segmental, prosódico e métrico. A queda de sílaba é tratada como dois tipos distintos de redução fonológica: na elisão silábica, há dessemelhança entre as consoantes das sílabas envolvidas; com relação à haplologia, as consoantes das sílabas são iguais ou semelhantes ? a diferença entre elas está apenas no traço [sonoridade]. Pôde-se constatar, pela análise de contextos segmentais, que tanto a elisão silábica quanto a haplologia são processos regidos pelas mesmas regras, uma vez que ambos os processos se dão no mesmo ponto de consoante para que possa haver efetiva queda de sílaba. E, da mesma forma, esses processos fonológicos podem ocorrer em qualquer nível da hierarquia prosódica. Isso evidencia que a elisão silábica e a haplologia são de fato o mesmo processo fonológico. Finalmente, a análise métrica aponta as mesmas propriedades para a elisão silábica e para a haplologia no que diz respeito ao uso desses processos para otimizações rítmicasThis work deals with syllable deletion in word boundary in Capivari speech, a city from the countryside of São Paulo state. It was checked in which contexts this phonological process can occur and in which it can never occur. To fulfill this analysis three phonological levels were considered: segmental, prosodic and metrical. Syllable deletion is dealt as two distinct types of phonological reduction: in syllable drop, the syllable\'s consonants are distinct from each other; in haplology, the consonants are equal or alike - the difference between them is only the feature [sonority]. By the analysis of segmental contexts, it has been proved that both syllable drop and haplology are types of processes which are governed by the same rules, for both of them must have the same consonant place node, so that there can be in fact syllable deletion. In the same way, both the phonological processes may occur in any prosodic level from which it is evident that syllable drop and haplology are actually the same phonological process. To verify if both the processes are rhythmically used in the same way it has been pointed out by metrical analysis that syllable drop and haplology present the same properties as regards to optmization
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Hamid, Twana Saadi. "The prosodic phonology of Central Kurdish." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3386.
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This thesis investigates the prosodic structure of Central Kurdish; a language whose phonology and prosody is poorly studied. Within the framework of Optimality Theory, rhythmic categories (mora, syllable and foot) and prosody-morphology interface category (Prosodic Word) of the language is addressed. The thesis also includes comparing the prosodic units (below phonological phrase) with the parametric variation for each constituent. This study fills the gap in the work of the prosodic system of Central Kurdish and on its phonology as such. Based on the data, the thesis also assesses the conflicting sub-theories of prosodic phonology: the view which sees phonological representation as a hierarchical organisation of units of which the higher prosodic units are defined in terms of lower ones against a different view which argues against constituency in phonology. Being theoretical in nature, the researcher’s intuition as a native speaker of the language under study is used for the description of the data. The validity of the data is being supported and cross-examined by the descriptive literature on the language. As it is described as the best method for interpreting prosodic phonology, Optimality Theory is used as the framework to analyse the data. The supporting evidence for each prosodic constituent is drawn from the (morpho)phonological processes that use the categories as the domain of their application. As the research question investigated covers a broad area in the prosody of Central Kurdish, the findings were wide-ranging and multi-layered. First, it was found that sequences of speech sounds are organised into constituents, which serve as the domain of certain phonological processes. Each prosodic constituent consists of at least a constituent of the lower constituent. Similar to syntactic categories, it was shown that prosodic categories (above syllable and foot) can be recursive and parsing can be non-exhaustive. Mora, though not a prosodic constituent within the prosodic hierarchy, can be sensitive to certain morphological processes and insensitive to phonological processes, i.e. sensitivity of processes can be a process-specific rather than language-specific. The significance of the findings of this thesis is twofold. First, it is the first analytical prosodic study of Central Kurdish. Second, which is theoretical, Prosodic structure, at least for Prosodic Word, matches a syntactic constituent.
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Costa, Daniel Soares da. "A interface música e linguística como instrumental metodológico para o estudo da prosódia do português arcaico /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103622.
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Orientador: Gladis Massini-CagliariBanca: Gisela Collischonn
Banca: Flaviane Romani Fernandes Svartman
Banca: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck
Banca: Marcia Valeria Zamboni Gobbi
Resumo: Esta tese de doutorado tem por objetivo confirmar a possibilidade de uma conexão entre a música e a linguística no desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia para o estudo da prosódia de línguas mortas ou de períodos anteriores de línguas vivas. Tal metodologia baseia-se, resumidamente, na observação das proeminências musicais de textos poéticos musicados, na observação das proeminências linguísticas do texto dos poemas, junto com a observação da estrutura métrica dos mesmos. Sendo assim, partiu-se da ideia de que o tempo forte do compasso musical (o primeiro tempo) marca preferencialmente uma proeminência no nível linguístico, podendo servir de base para a localização das sílabas tônicas das palavras do texto, o que poderia fornecer pistas para o estudo do acento lexical de palavras em línguas que já não possuem falantes, nem registros orais. O corpus utilizado na pesquisa que sustenta essa tese constitui-se de um recorte das cem primeiras Cantigas de Santa Maria de Afonso X, tomadas a partir das suas versões transcritas por Anglés (1943) para a notação musical atual. Os dados foram coletados por meio da elaboração de fichas de análise, as quais mostram, de maneira clara, as coincidências entre proeminências nos níveis musical e linguístico. Vale ressaltar que foram coletadas trinta e oito mil e dezoito palavras, por meio das quais foi possível analisar a atribuição do acento lexical nas três pautas prosódicas existentes no português arcaico (oxítonas, paroxítonas e proparoxítonas), além e abrirmos uma discussão a respeito da tonicidade de monossílabos e o status prosódico de clíticos; também foi possível analisar a ocorrência do acento secundário, uma das maiores contribuições deste trabalho para a descrição da prosódia dessa língua. Dialogando com os trabalhos de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This thesis aims to confirm the possibility of a connection between Music and Linguistics on the development of a new methodology applied to the study of the prosody of dead languages or ancient periods of living languages. This methodology is based on the observation of musical prominences of poetic texts with musical notation, and on the observation of linguistic prominences of the texts, considering their metrical structure. There is a great probability of the musical stresses (the first beat of the measure) to coincide with the stressed syllable of the words. This fact provides clues for the study of lexical stress in past periods of the language. The corpus used for this research is composed by the first hundred Cantigas de Santa Maria, which were compiled by Alfonso X and transcribed for the contemporary musical notation by Anglés (1943). The data were collected by means of the elaboration of boards which show the coincidences between prominences at musical and linguistic levels. It is important to point out that thirty eight thousand and eighteen words were collected; this fact enabled the analysis of the attribution of the lexical stress in Medieval Portuguese. Moreover it was possible to discuss the prominence grade of monosyllables and to analyze the occurrence of secondary stresses, maybe the largest contribution of this research in the description of the prosody of that language. Dialoguing with previous researches such as Massini-Cagliari (1995, 1999, 2005) and Costa (2006) - regarding the attribution of the lexical stress in Medieval Portuguese - and Collishonn (1994) - regarding the secondary stress in Brazilian Portuguese - we could verify that the methodology developed in this thesis brought significant contributions for the description of the Medieval Portuguese phonological component as it allowed the analysis of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Ishihara, Masahide. "The Lexical Prosodic Phonology of Japanese verbs." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185488.
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In this dissertation, I propose a model of the Lexicon in order to have a satisfactory account of interactions between morphology and phonology. The model is a modification of Lexical Prosodic Phonology introduced in Inkelas (1989). The main point of this study is that there are three types of morphological operations defined by the number of prosodic domains constructed corresponding to one morphological domain. (1) Three types of morphological operations: (a) One that constructs two new prosodic domains; (b) One that constructs one new prosodic domain; and (c) One that does not construct any new prosodic domain. The first two types are cyclic, while the third one is noncyclic. The three types of morphology are referred to as compounding, cyclic affixation, and noncyclic affixation, respectively. Interaction between morphology and phonology in Japanese verbs provides arguments for the three-way distinction of morphology. Some rules apply only in compounding; some other rules take effect only in cyclic affixation; some rules take effect in all three morphological processes. Nonapplication of rules is due to either their structural description or their nonstructural property. In the former case, the structural description of a cyclic rule is not satisfied because of prosodic representation. In the latter case, a cyclic rule does not apply, even if the structural description is satisfied, because the domain is noncyclic.
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Abreu-Zorzi, Thais Holanda de [UNESP]. "O estatuto prosódico dos advérbios em -mente: um estudo comparativo entre Português Arcaico e Português Brasileiro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138342.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Esta tese tem como objetivo realizar um estudo comparativo dos advérbios em –mente em duas sincronias da língua portuguesa - Português Arcaico (PA), século XIII, e Português Brasileiro (PB) atual, a fim de observar e descrever possíveis mudanças com relação ao estatuto prosódico dessas formas. Para a descrição do estatuto prosódico desses advérbios, sobretudo no PA, elegeram-se como corpus as 420 cantigas em louvor à Virgem Maria, conhecidas como Cantigas de Santa Maria (CSM), e as 1251 cantigas profanas (510 de amigo, 431 de escárnio e maldizer e 310 de amor). Por outro lado, elegeu-se como corpus de estudo do PB um recorte do banco de dados do “Corpus Online do Português”, elaborado em conjunto pelos pesquisadores Michael Ferreira, da Universidade de Georgetown, e Mark Davies, da Brigham Young University. A partir da coleta das formas adverbiais em -mente nos corpora, são investigadas algumas propriedades dos advérbios em -mente sob o viés da Fonologia Prosódica (SELKIRK, 1984; NESPOR; VOGEL, 1986) e da Fonologia Métrica (HAYES, 1995). Conclui-se que as formas adverbiais em –mente são, do ponto de vista prosódico, compostas (um acento lexical e um secundário), tanto em PA como em PB, visto que tais advérbios podem ser considerados elementos que são formados por partes independentes entre si, em que a Regra de Atribuição do Acento atua em domínios distintos: nas bases já flexionadas e no “sufixo” –mente. Por terem um domínio independente, cada uma das partes formadoras desses advérbios representa uma palavra fonológica (ω) distinta.
This thesis aims to conduct a comparative study of adverbs ending in -mente in two synchronies of the Portuguese language - Archaic Portuguese (AP), from the thirteenth century, and current Brazilian Portuguese (BP) - in order to observe and describe possible changes regarding the prosodic status of these forms. For the description of the prosodic status of these adverbs, especially in AP, a corpus composed of 420 cantigas [a genre of poetry] in praise of the Virgin Mary, known as Cantigas de Santa Maria (CSM), and 1251 profane cantigas (510 cantigas de amigo, 431 cantigas de escárnio e maldizer and 310 cantigas de amor). On the other hand, a part of the database from “Corpus Online do Português" [Online Corpus of the Portuguese Language], prepared jointly by researchers Michael Ferreira, from Georgetown University, and Mark Davies, from Brigham Young University, was elected as study corpus of the BP. From the collection of the adverbial forms ending in -mente in the corpora, some properties of adverbs ending in -mente are investigated under the bias of Prosodic Phonology (SELKIRK, 1984; NESPOR;VOGEL, 1986) and Metrical Phonology (HAYES, 1995) are investigated. It has been concluded that from the prosodic perspective the adverbial forms ending in -mente are compounds (one lexical stress and one secondary stress) in both AP and BP, since such adverbs may be considered elements formed of independent parts among themselves, where the Stress Assignment Rule operates in different domains: in bases already inflected and in the "suffix" ending in -mente. For having an independent domain, each forming part of these adverbs represents a distinct phonological word (ω).
FAPESP: 2011/18933-8
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Costa, Daniel Soares da [UNESP]. "A interface música e linguística como instrumental metodológico para o estudo da prosódia do português arcaico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103622.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Esta tese de doutorado tem por objetivo confirmar a possibilidade de uma conexão entre a música e a linguística no desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia para o estudo da prosódia de línguas mortas ou de períodos anteriores de línguas vivas. Tal metodologia baseia-se, resumidamente, na observação das proeminências musicais de textos poéticos musicados, na observação das proeminências linguísticas do texto dos poemas, junto com a observação da estrutura métrica dos mesmos. Sendo assim, partiu-se da ideia de que o tempo forte do compasso musical (o primeiro tempo) marca preferencialmente uma proeminência no nível linguístico, podendo servir de base para a localização das sílabas tônicas das palavras do texto, o que poderia fornecer pistas para o estudo do acento lexical de palavras em línguas que já não possuem falantes, nem registros orais. O corpus utilizado na pesquisa que sustenta essa tese constitui-se de um recorte das cem primeiras Cantigas de Santa Maria de Afonso X, tomadas a partir das suas versões transcritas por Anglés (1943) para a notação musical atual. Os dados foram coletados por meio da elaboração de fichas de análise, as quais mostram, de maneira clara, as coincidências entre proeminências nos níveis musical e linguístico. Vale ressaltar que foram coletadas trinta e oito mil e dezoito palavras, por meio das quais foi possível analisar a atribuição do acento lexical nas três pautas prosódicas existentes no português arcaico (oxítonas, paroxítonas e proparoxítonas), além e abrirmos uma discussão a respeito da tonicidade de monossílabos e o status prosódico de clíticos; também foi possível analisar a ocorrência do acento secundário, uma das maiores contribuições deste trabalho para a descrição da prosódia dessa língua. Dialogando com os trabalhos de...
This thesis aims to confirm the possibility of a connection between Music and Linguistics on the development of a new methodology applied to the study of the prosody of dead languages or ancient periods of living languages. This methodology is based on the observation of musical prominences of poetic texts with musical notation, and on the observation of linguistic prominences of the texts, considering their metrical structure. There is a great probability of the musical stresses (the first beat of the measure) to coincide with the stressed syllable of the words. This fact provides clues for the study of lexical stress in past periods of the language. The corpus used for this research is composed by the first hundred Cantigas de Santa Maria, which were compiled by Alfonso X and transcribed for the contemporary musical notation by Anglés (1943). The data were collected by means of the elaboration of boards which show the coincidences between prominences at musical and linguistic levels. It is important to point out that thirty eight thousand and eighteen words were collected; this fact enabled the analysis of the attribution of the lexical stress in Medieval Portuguese. Moreover it was possible to discuss the prominence grade of monosyllables and to analyze the occurrence of secondary stresses, maybe the largest contribution of this research in the description of the prosody of that language. Dialoguing with previous researches such as Massini-Cagliari (1995, 1999, 2005) and Costa (2006) - regarding the attribution of the lexical stress in Medieval Portuguese - and Collishonn (1994) - regarding the secondary stress in Brazilian Portuguese - we could verify that the methodology developed in this thesis brought significant contributions for the description of the Medieval Portuguese phonological component as it allowed the analysis of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Rose, Yvan. "Headedness and prosodic licensing in the L1 acquisition of phonology." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37824.
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With the emergence of Optimality Theory, where the burden of explanation is placed almost entirely on constraints, we have observed in the phonological literature a de-emphasis on the role of structural relationships that hold within and across segments. In this thesis, counter to the current trend, I argue that the most explanatory approach to phonological processes requires reference to highly-articulated representations. I explore a number of phenomena found in the first language acquisition of Quebec French and argue that these phenomena are best captured in an analysis based on structurally-defined markedness, headedness in constituent structure, and relationships between segmental features and their prosodic licensors.I demonstrate that headedness in constituent structure must be assigned to both input and output forms. In order to encode the dependency relations between input and output representations, I appeal to faithfulness constraints referring specifically to constituent heads. Output representations are regulated by markedness constraints governing complexity within constituents, as well as by licensing relationships that hold between segmental features and different levels of prosodic representation.
At all stages in the development of syllable structure and complex segments, when more than one option is available for the representation of a target string, children select the unmarked option, consistent with the long-held view that early grammars reflect what is unmarked. When input complex structures are reduced in children's outputs, reduction operates in order to ensure faithfulness to the content of prosodic and segmental heads. Finally, in the discussion of consonant harmony, where the French data are supplemented by examples from English, I propose that consonant harmony results from a licensing relation between segmental features and the head of the foot. The differences in foot structure between French and English enable us to account for the contrasts observed between learners of the two languages.
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Crowhurst, Megan Jane. "Minimality and foot structure in metrical phonology and prosodic morphology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185652.
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This dissertation develops a theory of minimality and foot structure in metrical phonology and prosodic morphology. Central to the theory is the proposal that whether foot structures may be satisfied by a minimum of phonological content is determined by specifying binary values for a new parameter, the Minimal Structure Parameter. The theory of minimality is embedded within a larger theory of prosody which construes metrical footing as mapping to templates. Under this view, metrical templates are subject to the same universal principles, for example Template Satisfaction and Maximization of Association, which constrain association to templates in morphological foot mapping and syllabification. The dissertation argues that the Minimal Structure Parameter together with these principles provides not only a uniform account of diverse metrical phenomena, but offers in addition a principled treatment of an unexpected parallel between metrical and morphological systems: morphological foot structures as well as those in metrical systems may permit subcanonical exemplars of feet. In addition to the parallel just noted, the dissertation finds two differences between metrical and morphological foot structures. First, while metrical feet must specify head elements, morphological feet do not require them. One argument is based on templatic asymmetries between metrical and morphological surface foot inventories. The occurrence of certain foot structures in metrical systems but not in morphology (e.g. trisyllabic feet [σ σ σ], Revised Obligatory Branching feet [σμμ σ]) is explained under the theory of minimality and headship developed within. Second, the minimal constraint on metrical feet is either one or two morae, whereas the minimum for subcanonical feet in morphology is two morae. This is also made to follow from the head/no-head distinction: a metrical foot can be no smaller than the smallest head permitted by the language. In morphology where feet do not specify heads, Minimal Structure defaults to the universal inventory of feet and imposes as the minimal criterion the smallest foot template defined by UG--the bimoraic foot. This work contributes to prosodic theory in (i) aligning theory with data, (ii) aligning metrical theory in particular with theories of templates in morphology and syllabification, and (iii) defining more precisely one constraint on templatic association.
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Grimm, Angela. "The development of word-prosodic structure in child German : simplex words and compounds." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4319/.
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Die Dissertation untersucht die Entwicklung der prosodischen Struktur von Simplizia und Komposita im Deutschen. Ausgewertet werden langzeitlich erhobene Produktionsdaten von vier monolingualen Kindern im Alter von 12 bis 26 Monaten.
Es werden vier Entwicklungsstufen angenommen, in denen jedoch keine einheitlichen Outputs produziert werden. Die Asymmetrien zwischen den verschiedenen Wörtern werden systematisch auf die Struktur des Zielwortes zurückgeführt. In einer optimalitätstheoretischen Analyse wird gezeigt, dass sich die Entwicklungsstufen aus der Umordnung von Constraints ergeben und dass dasselbe Ranking die Variation zwischen den Worttypen zu einer bestimmten Entwicklungsstufe vorhersagt.The thesis investigates the development of the word-prosodic structure in child German. The database consists of longitudinal production data of four monolingal children aged between 12 and 26 months. It is argued in the thesis that the children pass through four developmental stages which are characterized by non-uniform outputs. The asymmetries in the output pattern are attributed to the proosdic shape of the target word. The thesis provides an optimality-theoretic analysis showing that a single ranking of constraints accounts for the variation in the output at a given stage.
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Blount, Martha Marie. "Phonology and silent reading : beyond phonemes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9106.
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Marchand, Aline. "Acquisition de la prosodie en L2 : une étude acoustique de l'accentuation en français par des adultes turcophones." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR080.
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Cette étude transversale et expérimentale, menée dans une perspective acquisitionniste, porte sur l’appropriation des accents final (AF) et initial (AI) en français L2 par 19 adultes plurilingues turcophones (13 femmes et 6 hommes). Ils sont âgés de 18 à 47 ans, vivent plusieurs mois ou années en France (Normandie) et sont de niveau A1 à C1-‐C2 en français (CECRL). Étant donné les convergences et divergences entre ces accents AF et AI en français et les accents primaire (A1) et secondaire (A2) en turc concernant leurs places, fonctions et paramètres acoustiques, l’objectif est de voir comment sont réalisés ces accents en français L2 par les locuteurs turcs. L’analyse contrastive des deux systèmes accentuels suggère que, par rapport au français L1, les locuteurs turcs réalisent plus d’écarts phonétiques que d’écarts phonologiques. L’analyse acoustique avec le logiciel Praat des énoncés produits lors de la lecture oralisée d’un corpus contrôlé confirme cette principale hypothèse. Sur le plan phonologique, l’AI et l’AF en français L2 sont bien placés, respectivement en début et fin de mot lexical et de Syntagme Prosodique/Phonologique (SP), avec leur fonction surtout démarcative et les paramètres acoustiques pertinents (surtout F0 et durée). L’AI n’est pas non plus réinterprété comme un A1 turc non final. Mais les locuteurs sont confrontés à deux problèmes importants. D’une part, au niveau phonologique, ils ont des difficultés à réaliser les deux accents du français comme des accents de groupe (le SP vs le Mot Prosodique ou Phonologique/MP en turc). C’est pourquoi ils produisent plusieurs SP courts au lieu de quelques SP longs. Les débutants réalisent aussi des AF sur les mots grammaticaux, inexistants en turc. Enfin, plusieurs locuteurs produisent des pauses après les mots, dues en partie à la tâche choisie : les SP sont en fait souvent des Unités Intonatives (Intonational Phrases/IP). D’autre part, sur le plan phonétique, les locuteurs ont des difficultés à gérer en français les proportions des allongements et des variations de F0, ainsi parfois que l’alignement temporel des pics accentuels par rapport aux syllabes accentuées. Leur sur-‐ utilisation des accents et des allongements confirme d’autres études, mais ces résultats ne confirment pas entièrement les prédictions de l’Hypothèse de la surdité accentuelle (Dupoux et al. 1997/2010). En effet, les turcophones sont « sourds » aux accents de groupe du français, mais pas à l’allongement des syllabes accentuées. Ces résultats confirment en partie les prédictions de la version modérée de l’Hypothèse de l’Analyse Contrastive (Brown 1987, Flege 1992) : c’est la ressemblance entre l’emplacement final de l’AF français au niveau du SP et de l’A1 turc au niveau du MP qui pose des difficultés. Les résultats confirment surtout les prédictions de l’Hypothèse de la Différence de Marque (Eckman 1977/2008) : l’A1 turc est plus complexe au niveau du mot lexical que l’AF français, c’est pourquoi les locuteurs turcs perçoivent les différences de l’AF français à ce niveau. En revanche, l’AI et l’AF français sont plus marqués car leur domaine de réalisation est le groupe de mots (SP), d’où les difficultés des locuteurs à acquérir ce domaine prosodiqueThis transversal and experimental study conducted from a language acquisition perspective deals with the mastering of final (AF) and initial (AI) accents in L2 French by 19 multilingual L1 Turkish adult speakers (13 women and 6 men). Those speakers are between 18 and 47 years old, have lived for several months or years in France (Normandy) and their skills in French range from A1 to C1-‐C2 (CECRL). Given similarities and differences between these French final and initial accents and the Turkish primary (A1) and secondary (A2) accents regarding their locations, functions and acoustic features, the aim is to examine how these accents are executed in L2 French by Turkish speakers. A contrastive analysis of accentual systems of both languages suggests that, compared with L1 French, the Turkish speakers make more phonetic differences than phonological ones. The acoustic analysis (made thanks to Praat software) of the utterances produced during the out-‐loud reading of a controlled corpus confirms this main hypothesis. At the phonological level, the French AI and AF are correctly located, respectively at the beginning and the end of lexical words and Prosodic or Phonological Phrases (PP) with their demarcative function and relevant acoustic features (especially F0 and duration). Also, the AI is not reinterpreted as a Turkish non final A1. However, the speakers struggle with two big issues. On the one hand, at the phonological level, their problem consists in performing both French accents as group accents (PP vs Prosodic or Phonological Word/PW in Turkish). That’s why the speakers make several short PP instead of a few long PP. Secondly, the speakers whose French skills range from A1 to A2 produce also some AF on functional words, which do not exist in Turkish. Finally, many speakers make pauses after words, notably because of the selected task: PP are actually often Intonational Phrases (IP). On the other hand, at the phonetic level, speakers hardly achieve, in French language, the proportions of lengthening and F0 variations and some temporal alignments of the accentual peaks with regard to the accented syllables. Their overuse of accents and lengthening confirms other studies whereas these results do not confirm entirely the predictions of the stress deafness Hypothesis (Dupoux et al. 1997/2010). Indeed, the Turkish speakers are “deaf” to French group accents, but not to French accented syllables lengthening. These results confirm to a certain extent the predictions of the moderate version of the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (Brown 1987, Flege 1992): the similarity between final location of French AF at the level of the PP and Turkish A1 at the level of the PW generates difficulties. In particular, results confirm the predictions of the Markedness Difference Hypothesis (Eckman 1977/2008): Turkish A1 is more complex at the level of the lexical word than French AF. That’s why the Turkish speakers can hear French AF differences at this level. However, French AI and AF are more marked because their domain of realization is the group of words (PP): hence, the difficulties of the speakers to acquire this prosodic domain
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Rajapaksa, Rajapaksa M. W. "Aspects of the phonology of the Sinhalese verb : a prosodic analysis." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1988. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29488/.
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The purpose of the thesis is to study Sinhalese verb forms in relation to slow and rapid styles. The theory used in the analysis is that of Prosodic Phonology. The thesis is presented in seven chapters and an appendix. Discussed in Chapter 1 are styles, speech situations, the theory used in the analysis, the choice of the theory as the theoretical background, the nature of the analysis, research procedure, data, informants, and new information arising from the research. Chapter 2 is divided into two parts. Part 1 is an outline description of vowel and consonant sounds. The physical characteristics of these sounds and their distribution are given here. Part 2 includes a discussion of the syllable: syllable structure, syllable quantity, syllable prominence and syllable division. Chapter 3 contains an analysis of simple verb stems. Structures and patterns of verb stems, and contrasts and functions of elements within patterns are given here. In the analysis of disyllabic structures, the relationship between the first and second syllables is also discussed. Included in chapter 4 is a phonological analysis of phrasal verb stems. Here, three types of stems, non-free morphemes, loan stems and onomatopoeic stems are described. At the end of each analysis, differences of the phonological structure of stems of the given three types are considered. In the analysis of the onomatopoeic stems, the relationship between the initial and non-initial syllables is also examined. Chapter 5 includes a phonological analysis of affixes which can be suffixes, infixes or prefixes. How phonological structures of affixes differ from those of stems is also discussed. Discussed in chapter 6 are the conjug. marker, conjug. classes, the relationship between non-past vol. and invol. stems and non-past and past vol. stems, junction prosodies, reduplication and the length relationship. The analysis of rapid verb forms is given in chapter 7. Here, stems and affixes are described separately. In the analysis, phonological structures of parallel slow forms of stems and affixes are also given for comparison with structures of rapid forms. This chapter is followed by a summary and conclusion. The appendix includes a grammatical analysis of verb forms and a list of simple verbs which are analyzed in the thesis. In the grammatical analysis, volitive and involitive forms, tenses, aspects, overlapping forms and the grammatical function of suffixes are discussed.
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Graham, Calbert Rechardo. "The phonetics and phonology of late bilingual prosodic acquisition : a cross-linguistic investigation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708188.
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Garcia, Vera Lucia de Souza. "A segmentação não-convencional na escrita dos alunos do ensino fundamental II: dos erros aos acertos pela reescrita de texto." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/934.
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Did the identification, description and categorization of the phenomena considered language of the non-written agreements, phonological and orthographic origin, not suitable for standard written norm, showing an increased incidence of hypo- and hyper words in the textual productions of the students. Established, then the question - problem: What factor (or factors) does (do) that there is the incidence of hypo- and hyper writing students EF-II? To answer the question and understand the nature of the targets phenomenon unconventional, its phonetic, phonological and morphological character, we rely on Mattoso House (1985) and Bisol (2001); by Abaurre; Fiad and Mayrink Sabinson (1997); Oliveira (2009), Cagliari (2009), in view of the heterogeneity of language, speech / orality / writing / literacy; we base on Corrêa (2004); Capristano (2004); Chacon (2004 and 2006) Cunha (2004 and 2010). We found that unconventional segmentation present in the writing of the subjects scribes of our research are established both in terms of prosody, specific of prosodic constituents, as due to the heterogeneous constitution of written language as individuation points Scribe by circulation in the genesis of language and the image that it makes written code institutionalized. In view of these findings, based on Abaurre; Salek Fiad; Mayrink-Sabinson and Geraldi (1995); Leal and Brandao (2006); Salek-Fiad (2009); Ruiz (2013), about writing and the rewriting of texts, we propose a roadmap of writing and rewriting text activities, focusing on students' difficulties, as reworking strategy of non-conventional segmentation - hypo- and hyper.
A dificuldade apresentada pelos alunos em apreender as convenções da norma padrão da língua escrita tem sido bastante discutida em ambiente educacional. Os problemas se caracterizam em relação às convenções da língua escrita, são muitos e podem ser encontrados na produção escrita de alunos em todos os níveis de ensino. Isto assinala um não domínio da escrita convencional e transforma a produção de texto na escola uma ação incômoda. A percepção do fato nos levou a estabelecer o objetivo de compreender quais critérios linguísticos e da relação sujeito/linguagem podiam explicar a presença desses eventos na escrita de alunos do 6º ao 9º Ano do EF-II, integrantes do Projeto Jornal Escolar, em uma instituição pública de ensino da região noroeste do Paraná. Fizemos a identificação, a descrição e a categorização dos fenômenos considerados não-convenções da língua escrita, de origem fonológica e ortográfica, não adequados à norma padrão escrita, constatando maior incidência de hipo e hipersegmentação de palavras nas produções textuais dos alunos. Estabelecemos, assim, a questão-problema: Que fator (ou fatores) faz (fazem) com que haja essa incidência de hipo e hipersegmentação na escrita de alunos do EF-II? Para responder à questão e compreender a natureza do fenômeno de segmentações não-convencionais, seu caráter fonético-fonológico e morfológico, baseamo-nos em Mattoso Câmara (1985) e Bisol (2001); em Abaurre; Fiad e Mayrink Sabinson (1997); em Oliveira (2009) e em Cagliari (2009), na perspectiva da heterogeneidade da língua, da relação fala/oralidade/escrita/letramento; fundamentamos em Corrêa (2004); em Capristano (2004); em Chacon (2004; 2006), em Cunha (2004; 2010). Constatamos que a segmentação não-convencional presente na escrita dos escreventes sujeitos da nossa pesquisa se estabelecem tanto em função da prosódia, específico dos constituintes prosódicos, quanto em função da constituição heterogênea da língua escrita como pontos de individuação do escrevente pela circulação na gênese da língua e na imagem que ele faz do código escrito institucionalizado. Frente a essas constatações, baseadas em Abaurre; Salek Fiad; Mayrink-Sabinson e Geraldi (1995); em Leal e Brandrão (2006); em Salek-Fiad (2009) e em Ruiz (2013) sobre escrita e reescrita de texto, pudemos propor um roteiro de atividades de escrita e de reescrita de texto, focalizando as dificuldades dos alunos, como estratégia de reelaboração da segmentação não-convencional hipo e hipersegmentação
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Inkelas, Sharon. "Prosodic constituency in the lexicon /." New York : Garland, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35598688m.
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Hung, Henrietta J. "The rhythmic and prosodic organization of edge constituents an optimality-theoretic account /." Bloomington : Indiana University Linguistics Club Publications, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/34101894.html.
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Takano, Yuji. "Prosodic & Morphological Constraint: An Optimality Account of Alabama Negation." Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227248.
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Bouka, Léonce-Yembi. "Structures phonologiques et structures prosodiques: le modèle bekwel." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212523.
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Laks, Bernard. "Problèmes de phonologie cognitive : la question de la constituance en phonologie métrique." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080855.
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Nous examinons les différents modèles phonologiques proposes pour rendre compte de l'accentuation. Après avoir critique empiriquement et formellement ces modèles, nous proposons un modèle autosegmental et rythmique alternatif. Nous proposons alors une analyse connexionniste de modèle. Nous présentons enfin une analyse d'un modèle cognitif de type connexionniste en abordant successivement la question des représentations mentales, de la construction du sens, des règles et des processusWe propose a critical account of the currently proposed models for stress assignment. Having shown empirical and formal shortcomings of those, we propose an alternative autosegmental and rhythmic model. We show that our model can be given a connectionist interpretation. We then propose a complete cognitive and connectionist architecture that deal with mental representations, meaning construction, rules and processes
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Ogden, Richard. "An exploration of phonetic exponency in Firthian Prosodic Analysis : form and substance in Finnish phonology." Thesis, University of York, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283541.
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