Journal articles: 'Phosalone'

1

Walia, S., P. Dureja, and S. K. Mukerjee. "Photochemical transformation of phosalone." Pesticide Science 25, no. 1 (1989): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.2780250102.

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2

Bruneau, C., N. Soyer, and A. Brault. "Mild pyrolysis of phosalone." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 10, no. 2 (November 1986): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2370(86)85010-0.

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3

Espinosa-Mansilla, Anunciación, Agustina Guiberteau Cabanillas, Francisco Salinas, Nielena Mora, and Angel Zamoro. "Rapid Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Phosalone (Zolone) in a Commercial Formulation." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.1.1.

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Abstract A kinetic study of the degradation of phosalone in an alkaline medium was undertaken by using a pneumatic stopped-flow system. A rapid semiautomatic method is proposed for determining phosalone. Linear calibration graphs up to 8.0 × 10−5M (detection limit = 1.40 × 10−6M) were obtained, with a measurement period of only 3.5 s per sample and a relative standard deviation of 1.4%. Several pesticides were assayed as interference species, and several did not interfere even at a 6:1, M:M foreign species/phosalone ratio. A strong interference (ratio < 1) was generated by azinphos-methyl and carbaryl. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of a commercial formulation, and the results were validated by comparison with those for a chromatographic method.

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4

Wetzstein, Hazel Y. "Stigmatic Surface Degeneration and Inhibition of Pollen Germination with Selected Pesticidal Sprays during Receptivity in Pecan." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, no. 4 (July 1990): 656–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.4.656.

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Commercial pesticide formulations of triphenyltin hydroxide, benomyl plus triphenyltin hydroxide, and phosalone completely inhibited pollen germination of pecan [Carya illinoensis Wangenh C. Koch] when incorporated in in vitro germination media at one-fourth to one times the recommended rates. Scanning electron microscopic evaluations of spray effects on receptive stigmatic surfaces showed varying degrees of injury, ranging from minor surface wrinkling with triphenyltin hydroxide to severe collapse and degeneration of stigma papillae with phosalone treatments. Controlled pollinations 1 hour after pesticide sprays resulted in an inhibition of pollen germination and tube growth. Water sprays followed by pollination resulted in normal pollen adherence, hydration, and germination. Chemical names used: methyl[1-[(butylamino)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate (benomyl); S-[(6-chloro-2-oxo-3-(2H)-benzoxazolyl)methyl] 0,0-diethyl phosphorodithioate (phosalone).

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5

Robertson, Jacqueline L., and Haiganoush K. Preisler. "LABORATORY EVALUATION OF PHOSALONE FOR CONTROL OF WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)." Journal of Entomological Science 23, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-23.4.374.

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Phosalone was tested to estimate the optimal time and minimum application rate for 90% population mortality of western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, larvae. The optimal time of application was estimated to be during the first 10 days after the first group of second instars emerged from diapause, especially between days 7 and 8. Aerial application rates necessary to bracket 90% mortality were estimated as 320, 640, and 960 g/ha. Because these rates are well below the application rates used for agricultural pests, phosalone is a candidate for field trials on western spruce budworm.

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6

Masoumi, Arameh, Khadijeh Hemmati, and Mousa Ghaemy. "Recognition and selective adsorption of pesticides by superparamagnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanospheres." RSC Advances 6, no. 55 (2016): 49401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra05873f.

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7

Ahmad, R., R. S. Kookana, A. M. Alston, and R. H. Bromilow. "Differences in sorption behaviour of carbaryl and phosalone in soils from Australia, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom." Soil Research 39, no. 4 (2001): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00021.

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Sorption of 2 nonionic pesticides, carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) and phosalone (S-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxobenzoxazol-3-ylmethyl O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate), was investigated for 48 soils from Australia, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom. A wide variation in sorption affinities of the soils to carbaryl and phosalone was observed. The sorption coefficient (K d) values for carbaryl ranged from 0.19 to 23.0 L/kg in Australian soils, from 0.99 to 59.7 L/kg in Pakistani soils, and from 1.09 to 23.0 L/kg in the UK soils. The K d values for phosalone ranged from 4.8 to 443 L/kg in Australian soils, from 15.5 to 1182 L/kg in Pakistani soils, and from 18.1 to 205 L/kg in the UK soils. To eliminate the effect of variation in organic carbon content among the soils, the K d values were normalised to the fraction of soil organic carbon (K oc ). However, K oc values for both pesticides varied by about an order of magnitude across the soils, decreasing in the following order: Pakistani > Australian > UK soils. Correlation between K d and organic carbon content of the soils was poor (r 2 = 0.44 and 0.46). The particulate organic C (53 µm–2 mm) was only slightly better correlated with K d than the total organic C in the <2 mm fraction of the soils. Thus soil organic C content alone is not a good predictor of sorption even for nonionic pesticides such as carbaryl and phosalone. Caution is needed during extrapolation of overseas data to predict sorption under local conditions.

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8

Xu, Liping, Jiebin Li, Jiajia Zhang, Junyong Sun, Tian Gan, and Yanming Liu. "A disposable molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the ultra-trace detection of the organophosphorus insecticide phosalone employing monodisperse Pt-doped UiO-66 for signal amplification." Analyst 145, no. 9 (2020): 3245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0an00278j.

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9

Ramalingam, K., and R. Kasinathadurai. "Blood Carbohydrates and Phosalone Poisoning inRana Tigrina(Daudin)." Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie 97, no. 5 (January 1989): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13813458909104549.

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10

Campi, Valentina, Daniele Ferrario, Maria Carfi’, Cristina Croera, and Laura Gribaldo. "Estrogen-like activity of phosalone on MCF7 cell line." Toxicology Letters 164 (September 2006): S166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.07.004.

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11

Reddy, S. Janardan, D. C. Reddy, V. Kalarani, and R. Ramamurthi. "Chronic toxicity of phosalone to rats: Effect on erythropoiesis." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 43, no. 6 (December 1989): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01702061.

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12

Rasuli, Farhang, Javad Nazemi Rafie, and Amin Sadeghi. "The Acute Oral Toxicity of Commonly Used Pesticides in Iran, to Honeybees (Apis Mellifera Meda)." Journal of Apicultural Science 59, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jas-2015-0007.

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Abstract The honey bee is credited with approximately 85% of the pollinating activity necessary to supply about one-third of the world’s food supply. Well over 50 major crops depend on these insects for pollination. The crops produce more abundantly when honey bees are plentiful. Worker bees are the ones primarily affected by pesticides. Poisoning symptoms can vary depending on the developmental stage of the individual bee, and the kind of chemical employed. The oral toxicity of these insecticides: (phosalone and pirimicarb), acaricide (propargite), insecticide and acaricide (fenpropathrin), fungicides, and bactericides (copper oxychloride and the Bordeaux mixture), were evaluated for the purposes of this research. The results showed that fenpropathrin had high acute oral toxicity (LC50-24h and LC50-48 were 0.54 and 0.3 ppm, respectively). Propargite had 7785 ppm (active ingredient) for LC50-24h and 6736 ppm (active ingredient) for LC50-48h in honeybees and is therefore, non-toxic to Apis mellifera. On the other hand, copper oxychloride had minimum acute oral toxicity to honeybees (LC50-24h and LC50-48 were 4591.5 and 5407.9 ppm, respectively) and was therefore considered non-toxic. Also, the Bordeaux mixture was safe to use around honeybees. Phosalone and primicarb were considered highly and moderately toxic to honeybees, respectively.

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13

Mergnat, T., P. Fritsch, C. Saint‐Joly, E. Truchot, and G. Saint‐Blanquat. "Reduction in phosalone residue levels during industrial dehydration of apples." Food Additives and Contaminants 12, no. 6 (November 1995): 759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652039509374368.

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14

TALEBI, KHALIL. "Dissipation of Phosalone and Diazinon in Fresh and Dried Alfalfa." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B: Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes 41, no. 5 (June 1, 2006): 595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03601230600701759.

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15

Issert, V., R. Lazaro, F. Lamaty, V. Rollande, P. Besan�on, B. Caporiccio, P. Grenier, and V. Bellon-Maurel. "Production of polyclonal antibodies towards the immunodetection of insecticide phosalone." Amino Acids 17, no. 4 (December 1999): 377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01361663.

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16

Sevalkar, Murlidhar T., Vitthal Patil, and Harischandra N. Katkar. "Zinc Chloride-Diphenylamine Reagent for Thin Layer Chromatographic Detection of Some Organophosphorus and Carbamate Insecticides." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, no. 3 (May 1, 1991): 545–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.3.545.

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Abstract Zinc chlorlde-diphenylamlne reagent, whose use has been reported for the detection of organochlorine insecticides by thin layer chromatography, was further studied for its ability to detect the organophosphorus insecticides phorate, phosphamldon, DDVP, and phosalone and the carbamate Insecticides carbaryl and aldicarb. These Insecticides give Intense blue-green spots with this reagent. The procedure can be applied to the detection of the insecticides in biological materials and thus has a potential use in forensic toxicology

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17

Bae, Hun-Kyun, and Chun-Geun Cha. "Effects and Bioconcentration of Dichlorvos and Phosalone on Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio)." Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology 8, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjet.2014.110.116.

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18

Popova, Inna E., Shiping Deng, David L. Nofziger, and Margaret A. Eastman. "The Nature of Organic Matter and Sorption of Phosalone in Soil." Soil Science Society of America Journal 73, no. 6 (November 2009): 1980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2008.0396.

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19

Sinha, Rabindra Kumar, Rupak Choudhury, and Ranajit Mallick. "Cytological effects of Phosalone on root meristem of Allium cepa L." CYTOLOGIA 54, no. 3 (1989): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.54.429.

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20

Vasilić, Ž., V. Drevenkar, B. Štengl, Z. Fröbe, and V. Rumenjak. "Diethylphosphorus metabolites in serum and urine of persons poisoned by phosalone." Chemico-Biological Interactions 87, no. 1-3 (June 1993): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2797(93)90058-7.

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21

Kim, Byung Hyun, Joon-Shik Moon, Chun-Geun Cha, and Hun-Kyun Bae. "Determination of the Bioconcentration of Methidathion and Phosalone in Zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio)." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 15, no. 1 (January 29, 2018): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw-180010.

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22

Ghasemi-Niri, Seyedeh Farnaz, Faheem Maqbool, Maryam Baeeri, Mahdi Gholami, and Mohammad Abdollahi. "Phosalone-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the colon: evaluation and treatment." World Journal of Gastroenterology 22, no. 21 (2016): 4999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i21.4999.

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23

Sadat, Sayed Ali Aqa, Vahideh Ilbeigi, Younes Valadbeigi, and Majid Soleimani. "Determination of pesticides phosalone and diazinon in pistachio using ion mobility spectrometry." International Journal for Ion Mobility Spectrometry 23, no. 2 (June 5, 2020): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12127-020-00262-3.

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24

Demirin, Hilmi, Osman Gökalp, Ertugrul Kaya, Bora Büyükvanli, Gökhan Cesur, Aybars Özkan, and Murat Kaya. "Phosalone Toxicity on Liver and Pancreas: Role of Vitamins E and C." Asian Journal of Chemistry 25, no. 5 (2013): 2589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.13487.

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25

Aliomrani, Mehdi, Azadeh Mesripour, and Zahra Sayahpour. "AChR is partly responsible in mice depressive-like behavior after Phosalone exposure." Neurotoxicology and Teratology 84 (March 2021): 106957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106957.

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26

Kaya, H., E. S. Celik, M. Akbulut, S. Yilmaz, S. Aydin, M. Duysak, and F. Aydin. "Radiodiagnostic examination of common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L. 1758) vertebra exposed to phosalone." Toxicology Letters 205 (August 2011): S128—S129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.458.

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27

Balasandaram, K., K. Ramalingam, and V. R. Selvarajan. "Bioelectrical activity of brain in Rana tigrina (Daudin) in response to phosalone poisoning." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology 118, no. 2 (October 1997): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0742-8413(97)00112-6.

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28

Daneshvar, N., M. J. Hejazi, B. Rangarangy, and A. R. Khataee. "Photocatalytic Degradation of an Organophosphorus Pesticide Phosalone in Aqueous Suspensions of Titanium Dioxide." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 39, no. 2 (January 2004): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/pfc-120030242.

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29

Winter, Carl K., and A. Daniel Jones. "Artifact formation in the GC/MS analysis of Zolone EC (phosalone) insecticide formulation." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 39, no. 6 (June 1991): 1113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00006a023.

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30

Žnidarić, D., M. Kalafatić, and A. Lui. "Effects of Phosalone on the Hypostome and Foot Regeneration ofHydra vulgaris Pallas (Cnidaria)." Acta Hydrochimica et Hydrobiologica 18, no. 2 (1990): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aheh.19900180211.

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31

White, Donald H., and John T. Seginak. "Brain Cholinesterase Inhibition in Songbirds from Pecan Groves Sprayed with Phosalone and Disulfoton." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 26, no. 1 (January 1990): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-26.1.103.

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32

Parsaeyan, Ehsan, Moosa Saber, Seyed Ali Safavi, Nafiseh Poorjavad, and Antonio Biondi. "Side effects of chlorantraniliprole, phosalone and spinosad on the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma brassicae." Ecotoxicology 29, no. 7 (May 24, 2020): 1052–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02235-y.

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33

Netrawali, M. S., and S. R. Gandhi. "Mechanism of cell destructive action of organophosphorus insecticide phosalone inClamydomonas reinhardtii algal cells." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 44, no. 6 (June 1990): 819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01702169.

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34

., M. Ferdous Ahmed, and M. Khalequzzaman . "Malathion Tested for Synergism with Cypermethrin, Phosalone, Phorate and Fenitrothion on Musca domestica L." Journal of Biological Sciences 1, no. 11 (October 15, 2001): 1028–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2001.1028.1030.

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35

Alizadeh, Ali, Khalil Talebi, Vahid Hosseininaveh, and Mohammad Ghadamyari. "Metabolic resistance mechanisms to phosalone in the common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem.: Psyllidae)." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 101, no. 2 (October 2011): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2011.07.005.

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36

Altuntas, I., N. Delibas, D. K. Doguc, S. Ozmen, and F. Gultekin. "Role of reactive oxygen species in organophosphate insecticide phosalone toxicity in erythrocytes in vitro." Toxicology in Vitro 17, no. 2 (April 2003): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-2333(02)00133-9.

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37

Kaya, Hasan, Ekrem Şanver Çelik, Sevdan Yılmaz, Arınç Tulgar, Mehmet Akbulut, and Neslihan Demir. "Hematological, serum biochemical, and immunological responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to phosalone." Comparative Clinical Pathology 24, no. 3 (April 30, 2014): 497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-014-1930-x.

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38

Toyoda, Masatake, Kazuhiko Adachi, Tadakazu Ida, Katsuhiko Noda, and Norio Minagawa. "Simple Analytical Method for Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Milk." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 73, no. 5 (September 1, 1990): 770–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/73.5.770.

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Abstract A simple method for determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues at the parts per million level In milk was developed. Pesticide residues were extracted with acetonitrlle added to aqueous milk, fat was removed by zinc acetate addition and dichloromethane partition, and analytes were concentrated and analyzed by wide-bore capillary column gas chromatography. Recoveries of 6 pesticides spiked in milk samples at levels of 0.1 and 1.0 μg/mL were 82.1- 93.8% and 79.7-96.6%, respectively. Triplicate samples spiked with 6 pesticides at 1 itg/mL were analyzed independently by 3 laboratories. Average recoveries were greater than 80%, and the mean coefficients of variation for the complete study were 2.9% for diazlnon, 5.4% for dimethoate, 4.6% for malathlon, 4.6% for parathlon, 4.9% for EPN, and 6.1% for phosalone.

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39

Goodspeed, Donald P., and Larry I. Chestnut. "Determining Organohalides in Animal Fats Using Gel Permeation Chromatographic Cleanup: Repeatability Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 74, no. 2 (March 1, 1991): 388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/74.2.388.

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Abstract Evaluation of a previously published gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) procedure was undertaken to determine whether It can be used for additional organochlorine pesticides. After repeatability studies of many pesticides, the following compounds were approved for Inclusion in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Domestic Residue Monitoring Program: coumaphos-S, stirophos, chlorpyrlfos, ronnel, carbophenothlon, chlorfenvlnphos, phosalone, kepone, captan, llnuron, and endosulfan I and II. Recoveries ranged from 54% for captan to 123% for ronnel. Ranges of CVs varied from 0- 9.5% for carbophenothion to 7.1-47.7% for kepone. Although the minimum acceptable recovery of 50% was attained for all 12 pesticides, the anticipated CV of 20% was waived to Include chlorpyrlfos, endosulfan I and II, and kepone. For a multlresidue procedure involving approximately 40 compounds, these results were within the acceptable criteria.

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40

Balasundaram, K., K. Ramalingam, and V. R. Selvarajan. "Phosalone poisoning on the cation-linked ATPases of central nervous system of Rana tigrina (Daudin)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology 111, no. 3 (July 1995): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(95)00052-6.

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41

Koushkestani, Marjan, Samira Abbasi-Moayed, Forough Ghasemi, Vahideh Mahdavi, and M. Reza Hormozi-Nezhad. "Simultaneous detection and identification of thiometon, phosalone, and prothioconazole pesticides using a nanoplasmonic sensor array." Food and Chemical Toxicology 151 (May 2021): 112109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112109.

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42

Hercegová, Andrea, and Monika Mőder. "Determination of some selected pesticide residues in apple juice by solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography – mass spectrometry." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 1 (2011): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159010121.

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The performance of solid phase microextraction (SPME) for enrichment of pesticides from apple juice was investigated. Samples were diluted with water, extracted by solid-phase microextraction and analysed by gas chromatography using mass-spectrometry detector (MSD) in selected ion monitoring mode (SIM). The method was tested for the following pesticides used mostly in fruit culturing at Slovakia: tebuthylazine, fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, myclobutanil, cyprodinil, phosalone, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, kresoxim-methyl, methidathion, penconazole. All pesticides were extracted with polydimethylsiloxane fibre 100 μm thickness. The linear concentration range of application was 0.05 μg dm−3–10 μg dm−3. The method described provides detectabilities complying with the maximum residue levels (MRLs) set by regulatory organizations for pesticides in apple juice matrices. The solvent – free SPME procedure was found to be quicker and more cost effective then the solvent extraction methods commonly used.

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43

Tomkins, A. R. "Teflubenzuron and phosalone alone and in combination for pest control on kiwifruit. I Armoured scale insects." Proceedings of the New Zealand Plant Protection Conference 45 (January 8, 1992): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.1992.45.11215.

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44

Huang, Shuanggen, Jianping Hu, Ruimei Wu, Muhua Liu, Yuan Fan, Xiaobin Wang, and Ping Guo. "Establishment of rapid detection method of phosalone residues in pakchoi by surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy." Spectroscopy Letters 49, no. 2 (October 29, 2015): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00387010.2015.1096289.

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45

Dinkins, R. L., W. L. Tedders, and W. Reid. "Predaceous Neuropterans in Georgia and Kansas Pecan Trees." Journal of Entomological Science 29, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-29.2.165.

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Fourteen species, six genera, and three families of Neuroptera were found in Georgia and Kansas pecan tree canopies. Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) was the most numerous green lacewing collected in both areas. Chrysoperla carnea Stephens was the second most abundant green lacewing collected. Micromus posticus (Walsh) and Hemerobius humulinus L. were the two most commonly collected brown lacewings in both regions. Green lacewing populations were 6 to 11-fold larger in Kansas than in Georgia. Brown lacewing populations were slightly larger in Georgia than in Kansas. Green lacewing seasonal incidence was similar in both areas, with the late season peak occurring 2 to 3 wks later in Georgia than in Kansas. Brown lacewing seasonal incidence varied considerably between regions and years. Coniopteryx westwoodi Melander was the primary microneuropteran species collected. In Kansas, pesticide applications had significant effect on lacewing populations in some years but not others. Carbaryl applications had greater effect on population levels than phosalone.

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46

Rasuli, Farhang, Javad Nazemi Rafie, and Amin Sadeghi. "Acute Contact Toxicity of Six Pesticides in Honeybees (Apis Mellifera Meda) in Iran." Journal of Apicultural Science 61, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jas-2017-0003.

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Abstract Pollination has an important role in both agricultural production and wild plant reproduction. For the pollination of crops, agriculture relies largely on managed colonies of the honeybee Apis mellifera. Worker bees are primarily affected by pesticides. The symptoms of poisoning vary depending on the developmental stage of the individual bee and kind of chemical employed. The acute contact toxicity of insecticides (phosalone and pirimicarb), acaricide (propargite), insecticide and acaricide (fenpropathrin), fungicides and bactericides (copper oxychloride and bordeaux mixture) was assessed in Iran through laboratory experiments. The median lethal concentrations (LC50-24h, LC50-48h and LC50-72h) were evaluated for the purposes of this research. Results showed that fenpropathrin had high toxicity; LC50-24h, LC50-48h and LC50-72h were 5.7, 3.2 and 2.9 ppm respectively. Additionally, the bordeaux mixture had the minimum contact toxicity on honeybees with LC50-24h, LC50-48h and LC50-72h being 79,926; 69,552 and 69,045 ppm respectively and was safe and non-toxic in honeybees.

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47

Pednekar, M. D., S. R. Gandhi, and M. S. Netrawali. "Effect of a single exposure of organophosphorous insecticide, phosalone on sexual life cycle of alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Environment International 13, no. 2 (January 1987): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(87)90093-6.

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Min, K. J., C. G. Cha, and W. Popendorf. "Determination of Urinary Metabolites of Phosalone, Methidathion, and IBP after Oral Administration and Dermal Application to Rats." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 74, no. 5 (May 2005): 809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-005-0653-8.

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Kadar, Ali, Ludovic Peyre, Henri Wortham, and Pierre Doumenq. "A simple GC–MS method for the determination of diphenylamine, tolylfluanid propargite and phosalone in liver fractions." Journal of Chromatography B 1113 (April 2019): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.03.005.

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De Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Viana, Vanessa De Menezes Prata, Pricles Barreto Alves, and Sandro Navickiene. "Determination of Six Pesticides in the Medicinal Herb Cordia salicifolia by Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, no. 4 (July 1, 2009): 1184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.4.1184.

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Abstract:

Abstract A simple and effective extraction method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion was developed for acephate, chlorpropham, pyrimicarb, bifenthrin, tetradifon, and phosalone in leaves of the medicinal plant Cordia salicifolia, whose extracts are commercialized in Brazil as diuretic, appetite suppressant, and weight loss products. The determination method was GC/MS with selectedion monitoring. Different parameters of the method were evaluated, such as type of solid phase (C18, alumina, silica gel, and Florisil) and the amount of solid phase and eluent (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and cyclohexane). The best results were obtained using 0.5 g herb sample, 0.5 g neutral alumina as the dispersant sorbent, 0.5 g C18 as the cleanup sorbent, and cyclohexanedichloromethane (3 + 1, v/v) as the eluting solvent. The method was validated using herb samples fortified with pesticides at different concentration levels (0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg). Average recoveries (seven replicates) ranged from 67.7 to 129.9, with relative standard deviations between 6.3 and 26. Detection and quantitation limits for the herb ranged from 0.10 to 0.15 and 0.15 to 0.25 mg/kg, respectively.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Phosalone'

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