Journal articles: 'Phosphate ceramics'

1

Kazakova, G. K., T. V. Safronova, and T. B. Shatalova. "Ceramics based on powders synthesized from ammonium hydrophosphate and acetates of calcium and magnesium." Materials Science, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31044/1684-579x-2021-0-04-33-40.

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Ceramics the phase composition of which included tricalcium phosphate, calcium magnesium ortophosphate and magnesium pyrophosphate has been produced from nanosized powders synthesized by chemical deposition from 1M aqueous solutions of ammonium hydrogen phosphate and calcium and / or magnesium acetates. According to XRD analysis the phase composition of the powder synthesized from calcium acetate included calcium hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3(OH), octacalcium phosphate Ca8H2(PO4)6·5H2O and brushite CaHPO4·2H2O. The phase composition of the powder synthesized from magnesium acetate included struvite MgNH4PO4·6H2O. And the phase composition of the powder synthesized from solution containing calcium and magnesium acetates at the cation ratio Са: Mg = 9: 1 included hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3(OH), whitlockite Ca18Mg2H2(PO4)14, and struvite MgNH4PO4·6H2O. Ceramic materials containing the bioresorbable and biocompatible phases of calcium and / or magnesium phosphates can be used to make bone implants for treatment of bone tissue defects. Keywords: tricalcium phosphate, calcium magnesium orthophosphate, magnesium pyrophosphate, whitlockite, octacalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, brushite, struvite, ceramics.

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Sogo, Yu, Atsuo Ito, Koshiro Fukasawa, Tokoha Sakurai, Noboru Ichinose, and Racquel Z. LeGeros. "Zinc-Containing Calcium Phosphate Ceramics with a (Ca+Zn)/P Molar Ratio of 1.67." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.31.

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Zinc-containing calcium phosphate ceramics with a (Ca+Zn)/P molar ratio of 1.67 (ZnHAP ceramics) were synthesized to clarify the main phase for zinc release. ZnHAP ceramics with a zinc content at or more than 0.20 wt% contained zinc-containing tricalcium phosphate. The ion activity product of monophasic ZnHAP ceramic containing at or less than 0.13 wt% of zinc corresponded to that of pure HAP ceramic. The presence of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) phases was necessary condition for ZnHAP ceramics to release zinc. The coexistence of TCP phases in the ZnHAP ceramics meant that a phase with a (Ca+Zn)/P molar ratio higher than 1.67 also coexisted. Although the phase was assumed to be zinc oxide, zinc was not concentrated anywhere in the ZnHAP ceramics including grain boundaries.

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Tamai, Masato, Ryusuke Nakaoka, and Toshie Tsuchiya. "Cytotoxicity of Various Calcium Phosphate Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 309-311 (May 2006): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.263.

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The cytotoxicity of five calcium phosphate ceramics, hydroxyapatite (HAp), flouroapatite (FAp), α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), was investigated. Based on the guidelines of biological test for medical devices in Japan, a cytotoxicity test of these calcium phosphates was carried out using Chinese hamster V79 lung fibroblasts. The cytotoxic study revealed that FAp and α-TCP showed high cytotoxicities. From various analyses, it was considered that the cytotoxicity of the FAp was due to fluorine ions extracted in a culture medium and the cytotoxicity of α-TCP resulted from a decrease in pH of the medium by the phosphoric acid, which produced by hydrolysis of( the α-TCP.

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Tanaka, R., A. Fujishima, Y. Shibata, A. Manabe, and T. Miyazaki. "Cooperation of Phosphate Monomer and Silica Modification on Zirconia." Journal of Dental Research 87, no. 7 (July 2008): 666–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910808700705.

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Ceramic restorations with resin-based adhesive systems have been the focus of recent attention in clinical dentistry. Yttrium-oxide-partially-stabilized zirconia (YPSZ) ceramics have optimized physical properties and exhibit favorable fracture toughness, though their bonding properties are problematic. Although functional phosphate monomers and silica-coating by tribochemical modification were expected to improve the bonding properties between YPSZ ceramics and resin-based adhesives, these two methods remain controversial. This study evaluated the efficiency of silica-coating by tribochemical modification of YPSZ ceramics. The application of phosphate monomer and a silane coupling agent on silica-coated YPSZ was also investigated. The silica-coating of YPSZ ceramics by tribochemical modification was not efficient, given the higher mechanical toughness of the densely sintered ceramics. Stable shear bond strength was achieved on silica-coated YPSZ ceramics with the cooperative interaction of phosphate monomer and silane coupling.

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5

Mardziah, C. M., Mohamad Firdaus Abdul Wahid, Koay Mei Hyie, Nik Rozlin Nik Masdek, and Z. Salleh. "Effect of Sintering Temperature on Zinc Substituted Calcium Phosphate Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 890 (March 2017): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.890.209.

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Calcium phosphate ceramics were substituted with several concentrations of zinc ions (0, 5, 10 and 15 mol%) using precipitation method. The effect of sintering temperature at 900 and 1000°C on zinc substituted calcium phosphate ceramics were observed. By increasing the sintering temperature, XRD peaks for zinc substituted calcium phosphate ceramics changed significantly. At sintering temperature of 900°C, hydroxyapatite phase was the major phase in the calcium phosphates containing 0 and 5 mol% zinc. However, at the sintering temperature of 1000°C, hydroxyapatite phase was partly transformed to another phase which was tricalcium phosphate. FESEM observations at sintering temperature of 1000°C exhibit that the particle size of the samples increased with addition of more zinc ions.

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6

Mayr, Helmar, Susanne Schlüfter, Rainer Detsch, and Günter Ziegler. "Influence of Phase Composition on Degradation and Resorption of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 1043–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.1043.

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In this study the degradation behaviour of pure hydroxyapatite (HA), pure tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and four biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics was studied to gain information about the influence of the phase composition on this property with the aim to tailor individually adapted bone substitute materials. The chemical dissolution of each ceramic composition was measured by its release of calcium ions into a buffered solution. With decreasing HA content in the ceramics the degradation rate increased. Cell experiments were carried out with stimulated osteoclast-like RAW 264.7 cells. Using biochemical, genetic and microscopic analysis, the differentiation of the cells on the ceramic samples was studied. The monocytic precursor cells differentiated into osteoclast-like cells on all ceramics. The strongest cell differentiation into osteoclast-like cells was found on ceramics with HA/β-TCP ratios of 80/20, 60/40 and 40/60. Cells on these ceramics had many nuclei and the largest cell size. As a result of resorption, lacunas were found on all ceramics except β-TCP. All these experimental results proved the influence of the phase composition on degradation and resorption of calcium phosphate ceramics. Biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics with HA/β-TCP ratios of 80/20 and 60/40 exhibited the most promising properties to serve as synthetic bone substitute materials because for integration in the physiological bone remodeling process the implanted bone substitute materials should have optimized dissolution and resorption properties.

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Ota, Toshitaka, Takahiro Eitsuka, Haruki Yoshida, and Nobuyasu Adachi. "Porous Apatite Ceramics Derived from Woods." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.247.

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Porous calcium phosphate ceramics (apatite and TCP) with wood-like microstructures, analogous to that of silicified wood, were prepared from natural woods as templates. The production of these ceramic woods was performed by the following process: (1) infiltration with an ethanol solution containing tri-ethyl phosphate and calcium nitrate tetra-hydrate into wood specimens, (2) drying to form a calcium phosphate gel in the cell structure, (3) firing in air to form apatite and TCP. The microstructure of the obtained ceramic woods retained the same structure as that of the raw woods: with the pore sizes corresponding to those of the original wood, and the major pores being unidirectionally connected.

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8

Lazar, Dolores Ribeiro Ricci, Sandra Maria Cunha, Valter Ussui, E. Fancio, Nelson Batista de Lima, and Ana Helena A. Bressiani. "Effect of Calcination Conditions on Phase Formation of Calcium Phosphates Ceramics Synthesized by Homogeneous Precipitation." Materials Science Forum 530-531 (November 2006): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.530-531.612.

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Phase composition of calcium phosphate ceramics is a characteristic directly related to the biological response of implants due to the differences in mechanical and biochemical properties of these compounds. In this sense, it was evaluated in this work the crystalline phase evolution of calcium phosphates samples synthesized by wet precipitation route. Fixing Ca/P atomic ratio as 1.67, precipitation was carried out from heated aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and ammonium hydrogen phosphate, in ammonium medium (pH = 10). After washing and drying steps, calcination was performed at 600 to 1100 oC for 1 and 3 hours. Milled and pressed powders were sintered at 1250 oC for 1 hour. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, gaseous adsorption, laser diffraction and apparent density measurements. Results indicate the formation of a biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic containing hydroxyapatite as a major phase and β - tricalcium phosphate, the later obtained by heat treatment above 600 oC.

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9

Moguš-Milanković, Andrea, Ana Šantić, Luka Pavić, and Kristina Sklepić. "Iron Phosphate Glass-ceramics." Croatica Chemica Acta 88, no. 4 (2015): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5562/cca2759.

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10

KASUGA, TOSHIHIRO, and MASAYUKI NOGAMI. "MACHINABLE CALCIUM PHOSPHATE CERAMICS." Phosphorus Research Bulletin 13 (2002): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3363/prb1992.13.0_153.

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11

Kotobuki, Noriko, Koji Ioku, Daisuke Kawagoe, Daishiro Nomura, Hirotaka Fujimori, Seishi Goto, and Hajime Ohgushi. "In Vitro Osteogenic Activity of Rat Mesenchymal Cells Cultured on Transparent β-Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.663.

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We have cultured mesenchymal cells (MSC) on various types of ceramic disks and used these tissue-engineered ceramics for hard tissue regeneration. In this approach, observation of cultured cell morphology is important even if culture substrata are calcium phosphate ceramics, which usually show bioactive nature. However, due to the opaque nature of the ceramics, cells observation is very difficult. Here, we demonstrate light microscopic observation of rat MSC cultured on transparent β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics (β-TCP). The culture was performed in osteogenic medium. Thus, the cell differentiated into bone-forming osteoblasts, which fabricated a mineralized matrix on the ceramic disks. Microscopic observation revealed that the cascade of osteogenic differentiation after attachment/proliferation of MSC on the ceramic disks was similar to that on a culture grade polystyrene dish. These results confirmed the excellent property of β-TCP for MSC culture leading to hard tissue regeneration.

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12

Wu, Jun Yan, Fei Chen, Ming Zhong Li, Qiang Shen, and Lian Meng Zhang. "Thermal Conductivity Design and Evaluation of Zirconium Phosphate Bonded Silicon Nitride Porous Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 508 (March 2012): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.508.21.

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In this Paper, Five Fundamental Effective Thermal Conductivity Structural Models (Series, Parallel, Two Forms of Maxwell-Eucken and Effective Medium Theory) Were Used to Analyze and Design Silicon Nitride Porous Ceramics. Then α-Si3N4Matrix Porous Ceramics Were Prepared with ZrP2O7as a Binder and Thermal Conductivity of ZrP2O7Bonded Si3N4Porous Ceramic Was Evaluated. ZrP2O7Bonded Si3N4Porous Ceramic Had Open and Interconnected Pore Structure which is either in EMT or in Maxwell-Euken 2. The Thermal Conductivity of ZrP2O7Bonded Si3N4Porous Ceramics Changes from 2.0 to 0.5 W/m•K with Increasing the Porosity from 20% to 51%. The Obtained Results Showed that the External Porosity Material with Maxwell-Euken 2 Structure Had the Lowest Thermal Conductivity in All Porous Materials. The Open and Interconnected Pore Structure of ZrP2O7Bonded Si3N4Porous Ceramics Provided much Lower Thermal Conductivity.

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13

Saiwanich, P., Kamonpan Pengpat, G. Rujijanagul, U. Intatha, and Sukum Eitssayeam. "The Preparation and Morphology of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 506 (April 2012): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.506.198.

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In this work, thepreparation and morphology of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) have been studied. The biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics were prepared by mixing between hydroxyapatite (HA) and Beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) powderby ball milling technique with different ratios (100:0,80:20,60:40,50:50,40:60, 20:80 and 0:100). After that the mixtures were forming by Gel casting method and then sintered at 1200°C, respectively. The phase formation of the biphasic calcium phosphateceramics were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and their ceramic microstructure,shrinkage and density were investigated.

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14

de Oliveira, Sara Verusca, Marcus Vinícius Lia Fook, Elaine Patrícia Araújo, Keila Machado Medeiros, Guilherme Portela Rabello, Renata Barbosa, and Edcleide Maria Araújo. "Obtaining Tetracalcium Pohosphate and Hydroxyapatite in Powder Form by Wet Method." Materials Science Forum 660-661 (October 2010): 954–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.954.

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The development of research in the area of advanced materials and tissue engineering has increased greatly in recent years found that bioceramics are outstanding in the replacement and regeneration of bone tissue, mainly formed by the calcium phosphate ceramics. The objective of this research is to obtain the calcium phosphate where Ca/P = 1.67 and 2.0, to observe the formation of phases after having subjected these materials to heat treatment. The calcium phosphate was produced by the wet method using a direct reaction of neutralization and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microanalysis (EDS). The XRD results confirm the presence of hydroxyapatite phase in the sample with Ca/P = 1.67, where as the phosphates prepared with Ca/P = 2.0 ratio show a combination of hydroxyapatite and phase β- tricalcium phosphate. The micrographs obtained are characteristic of ceramic material called calcium phosphate. EDS confirmed the presence of Ca, P and O in the material.

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15

Zhang, Yin, Tetsuya Kameyama, and Yoshiyuki Yokogawa. "Preparation of Bimodal Porous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramics and Their Dissolution Behavior in Simulated Body Fluid." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.227.

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Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics, a mixture of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), of varying HAp/β-TCP ratios were prepared from fine powders. Porous BCP ceramic materials with HAp/β-TCP weight rations of 20/80, 40/60, and 80/20 were prepared. In this study, the bioactivity is reduced at a bigger HAp content rate, which is likely related to the high driving pore for the formation of a new phase, and the reaction rate was proportional to the β-TCP. The porous BCP ceramics having a bigger porosity rate can easily under up dissolution. The powder having a bigger β-TCP content rate can easily generate a new phase. The dissolution results confirmed that the biodegradation of calcium phosphate ceramics could be controlled by simply adjusting the amount of HAp or β-TCP in the ceramics and porosity rate.

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16

Zhang, Y., Yoshiyuki Yokogawa, and Tetsuya Kameyama. "Bimodal Porous Bi-Phasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramics and Its Dissolution in SBF Solution." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.91.

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Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics, a mixture of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), of varying HAp/β-TCP ratios were prepared from fine powders. Porous BCP ceramic materials with HAp/β-TCP weight rations of 20/80, 40/60, and 80/20 were prepared. In this study, the bioactivity is reduced at a larger HAp content rate, which is likely related to the high driving pore for the formation of a new phase, and the reaction rate was proportional to the β-TCP. The porous BCP ceramics having a bigger porosity rate can easily under up dissolution. The powder having a larger β-TCP content rate can easily generate a new phase. The dissolution results confirmed that the biodegradation of calcium phosphate ceramics could be controlled by simply adjusting the amount of HAp or β-TCP in the ceramics and porosity rate.

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17

Bouwman, Wilhelmus F., Nathalie Bravenboer, Christiaan M. ten Bruggenkate, Francis A. Eijsackers, Najada Stringa, and Engelbert A. J. M. Schulten. "Tissue Level Changes after Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation with Three Types of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics: A Radiological Study with a 5-Year Follow-Up." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061471.

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This study evaluates the radiological changes in tissue height after maxillary sinus floor elevation (MSFE) using three types of calcium phosphate ceramics over a period of up to 5 years after dental implant placement. In 163 patients, MSFE was performed. Three groups of patients were distinguished and treated based on the type of calcium phosphate ceramic used and radiologically evaluated: 40 patients with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), 76 patients with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) 20% hydroxyapatite (HA)-80% β-TCP, and 47 patients with BCP 60% HA-40% β-TCP. Radiological measurements were performed on panoramic radiographs at several time points up to 5 years after dental implant placement. After MSFE, a slow decrease in tissue height measured over time was seen in all three study groups. Resorption of the grafted bone substitutes was more prominent in β-TCP than in BCP ceramics with an HA component (60/40 and 20/80). Loss of tissue height after 5 years was lowest in BCP 60/40 and highest in β-TCP. This radiological study shows a predictable and comparable behavior of the slow decrease in tissue height over time for all three types of calcium phosphate ceramics used in MSFE. The fraction of HA in calcium phosphate ceramics and dental implant loading seems to be beneficial for tissue height maintenance after MSFE.

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18

AKAO, Masaru, Hideki AOKI, Kazushi TACHIMOTO, and Takeyuki YAMAMOTO. "Tricalcium Phosphate-Zirconia Composite Ceramics." Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan 95, no. 1104 (1987): 819–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj1950.95.1104_819.

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19

Koerten, H. K., and J. van der Meulen. "Degradation of calcium phosphate ceramics." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 44, no. 1 (January 1999): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4636(199901)44:1<78::aid-jbm9>3.0.co;2-6.

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20

Fadeeva, I. V., I. I. Selezneva, G. A. Davydova, A. S. Fomin, O. S. Antonova, Ya Yu Filippov, and S. M. Barinov. "Iron-substituted tricalcium phosphate ceramics." Doklady Chemistry 468, no. 1 (May 2016): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0012500816050049.

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21

Wagh, Arun S., and Seung Y. Jeong. "Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics: III, Reduction Mechanism and Its Application to Iron Phosphate Ceramics." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86, no. 11 (November 2003): 1850–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03571.x.

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22

Kamitakahara, Masanobu, Takashi Kurauchi, Masao Tanihara, Koji Ioku, and Chikara Ohtsuki. "Synthesis of Si-Containing Tricalcium Phosphate and its Sintering Behavior." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.59.

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Si-containing tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics are expected to be useful biodegradable bone substitutes that enhance bone regeneration because TCP is a biodegradable ceramic and Si is the trace element that enhances bone formation. We successfully synthesized the Si-containing TCP with different Si contents through a wet process. The Si addition lowered the temperature of phase transition from β-TCP to α-TCP. After the sintering the compacts of Si-containing TCP powders at 1400 oC, the sintered ceramics showed higher density than those of Si-free TCP. The Si addition was effective to promote the sintering of TCP.

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23

Mostafa, Nasser, Abdallah Shaltout, Lachezar Radev, and Hassan Hassan. "In vitro surface biocompatibility of high-content silicon-substituted calcium phosphate ceramics." Open Chemistry 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0142-y.

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AbstractThe present work investigates surface biocompatibility of silicon-substituted calcium phosphate ceramics. Different silicon-substituted calcium phosphate ceramic bodies were prepared from co-precipitated powders by sintering at 1300°C. The in vitro bioactivity of the ceramics was assessed in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37°C for periods up to 4 weeks. The changes in the surface morphology and composition were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with electron probe microanalysis and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDX). Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to observe the change in ionic concentration of SBF after removal of the samples. The bioactivity of the ceramics increased with an increasing silicate ion substitution in a systematic way. The surface of ceramics with 2.23% silicon substitution was partially covered with apatite layer after one week, while ceramics with 8.1% silicon substitution were completely covered with apatite in the first week. The porous microstructure of high-concentration Si-substituted ceramics helps the dissolution of surface ions and the leaching process. This allows SBF to reach supersaturation in a short time and accelerate the deposition of apatite layer.

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24

Ribeiro, Christiane, W. I. Rojas-Cabrera, M. Marques, José Carlos Bressiani, and Ana Helena A. Bressiani. "In Vitro Characterization of Porous Ceramic Based Calcium Phosphate Processing with Albumin." Key Engineering Materials 396-398 (October 2008): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.396-398.27.

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In recent years, the processing of porous ceramic materials for implant applications has motivated the development and optimization of new technologies. To this purpose, a globular protein based (i.e. ovalbumin) consolidation approach has been proposed. In the present study, a porous hydroxyapatite:b-tricalcium phosphate - biphasic ceramics (BCP), was processed by consolidation using the protein-action technique. The processed ceramic materials exhibited appropriate pore configuration in terms of size, morphology and distribution. The in vitro reactivity and dissolution behavior of the ceramics was evaluated in SBF and biocompatibility in an osteoblasts culture, respectively. Overall, the materials tested showed biocompatibility and suitable properties for osteoconduction. A rough surface pattern displayed by the ceramics seemed to have improved both; cell adhesion and proliferation processes. In conclusion, this study revealed that the porous matrices obtained, promoted suitable development of cell metabolism without cellular death.

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Teixeira, S., S. M. Oliveira, M. P. Ferraz, and F. J. Monteiro. "Three Dimensional Macroporous Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 947–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.947.

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Calcium phosphate ceramics are widely used as bone substitutes since they are biocompatible and bioactive. Having a chemical composition close to natural bone, calcium phosphate ceramics are promising bone substitute materials in orthopaedics, maxillofacial surgery and dentistry. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) are the most commonly used calcium phosphates, because their calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratios are close to that of natural bone and they are relatively stable in physiological environment. HA is a major constituent of bone materials and is resorbed after a long time of residence in the body. In this work, highly porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds were produced by polymer replication method and their properties evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and micro computerized tomography ()-CT).

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Apanasevich, Natalia, Aliaksei Sokal, Konstantin Lapko, Alexander Kudlash, Vladimir Lomonosov, Artem Plyushch, Polina Kuzhir, Jan Macutkevic, Juras Banys, and Alexander Okotrub. "Phosphate ceramics − carbon nanotubes composites:liquid aluminum phosphate vs solid magnesium phosphate binder." Ceramics International 41, no. 9 (November 2015): 12147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.06.033.

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Zan, Qing Feng, Yao Cong Han, Li Min Dong, Chen Wang, and Jie Mo Tian. "Preparation of Porous HA_W/ß-TCP Ceramics with In Situ Synthesis of HA Whiskers." Key Engineering Materials 434-435 (March 2010): 617–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.434-435.617.

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Adding whiskers to ceramic was a way that has been used to strengthen the ceramics matrix. For porous materials, strength of pore walls was an important factor for strength of the whole materials. Porous calcium phosphate ceramics were always used as scaffolds of bone tissue engineering because of their biocompatible and osteoconductibility. In this work, HA whiskers were born in the porous -TCP ceramic during in situ procedure. The HA whiskers with about 2m for length and 100nm for diameter were observed from SEM photographs of as-fabricated porous HA ceramics, and the phase content was determined by XRD.

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Xie, Youhui, Qin Li, Xianzhi Zhao, Yi Luo, Yangming Wang, Xiangwei Peng, Qigui Wang, Jian Su, and Yin Lu. "Removing and Recovering Phosphate from Poultry Wastewater Using Amorphous Ceramics." Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/132582.

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A novel and effective technique for phosphate from poultry wastewater was developed using amorphous ceramics. Amorphous ceramics, which showed high performance for phosphate removal and recovery from poultry wastewater, were synthesized using unlimitedly available, inexpensive materials such as silica fume and lime. Dissolved phosphate in poultry wastewater can be deposited as a solid on the surface of amorphous ceramics. Phosphate content on the surface of amorphous ceramics could reach 14.20%. The phosphate removal and recovery process and mechanism was revealed by a series of characterizations, such as XRD, FESEM, BET, and so on. The present study demonstrated that amorphous ceramics have great potential as a novel, beneficial material for removing and recovering phosphate from poultry wastewater.

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Ribeiro, Christiane, José Carlos Bressiani, and Ana Helena A. Bressiani. "Characterization of the Calcium Phosphate Porous Ceramic Obtained by Foam Consolidation Using Albumin." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 971–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.971.

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In many in-vivo and in vitro studies, the behavior of calcium phosphate ceramics like β - tricalcium phosphate in biological environments has been reported to be predictive and positive. In terms of bone tissue growth, this ceramic can be more attractive presenting a porous microstructure. To obtain biomaterial quality ceramics, in this investigation β- TCP porous ceramics were prepared by a special consolidation method with albumin as a foam generating agent. This technique enables preparation a variety of formats with complex geometries. To obtain porous samples using albumin, heat had to be introduced into the system during the consolidation stage. After consolidation, the samples were sintered at 1250oC for 30 minutes and characterized using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and mercury porosimetry. The foams that were obtained by this method exhibited spherical and interconnected pores, characteristics desirable in biomedical implants.

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Shu, Xiulin, Jin Feng, Jing Feng, Xiaomo Huang, Liangqiu Li, and Qingshan Shi. "Combined delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and insulin-like growth factor-1 from nano-poly (γ-glutamic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate-based calcium phosphate cement and its effect on bone regeneration in vitro." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 32, no. 5 (November 2017): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328217737654.

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In this study, nano-doped calcium phosphate cement delivery systems (poly (γ-glutamic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate/calcium phosphate ceramics and nano (γ-glutamic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate/calcium phosphate ceramic) were fabricated, and low doses (10 µg/g) of two growth factors, insulin-like growth factor-1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2, were encapsulated then sequentially released. We characterized the delivery systems using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction and measured washout resistance and compressive strength, and thus optimized the most appropriate proportioning of delivery systems for the two growth factors. One of the growth factors was absorbed by the nano-poly (γ-glutamic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate, which was then mixed into the calcium phosphate ceramic solid phase to create a new solid phase calcium phosphate ceramic. Nano-poly (γ-glutamic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate/calcium phosphate ceramic carriers were then prepared by blending the new calcium phosphate ceramic solid phase powder with a solution of the remaining growth factor. The effects of different release patterns (studying sequential behavior) of insulin-like growth factor-1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 on osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of the MC3t3-E1 mouse osteoblast cell were investigated. This combinational delivery system provided a controlled release of the two growth factors, in which nano-doping significantly affected their release kinetics. The incorporation of dual growth factors could potentially stimulate bone healing and promoting bone ingrowth processes at a low dose.

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Altun, Altan Alpay, Thomas Prochaska, Thomas Konegger, and Martin Schwentenwein. "Dense, Strong, and Precise Silicon Nitride-Based Ceramic Parts by Lithography-Based Ceramic Manufacturing." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030996.

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Due to the high level of light absorption and light scattering of dark colored powders connected with the high refractive indices of ceramic particles, the majority of ceramics studied via stereolithography (SLA) have been light in color, including ceramics such as alumina, zirconia and tricalcium phosphate. This article focuses on a lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) method for β-SiAlON ceramics that are derived from silicon nitride and have excellent material properties for high temperature applications. This study demonstrates the general feasibility of manufacturing of silicon nitride-based ceramic parts by LCM for the first time and combines the advantages of SLA, such as the achievable complexity and low surface roughness (Ra = 0.50 µm), with the typical properties of conventionally manufactured silicon nitride-based ceramics, such as high relative density (99.8%), biaxial strength (σf = 764 MPa), and hardness (HV10 = 1500).

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32

Intawin, Pratthana, Sukum Eitssayeam, Gobwute Rujijanagul, Tawee Tunkasiri, and Kamonpan Pengpat. "Crystallization Kinetics and Heat Treatment Temperature on Microstructure of Na₂O-CaO-P₂O₅-TiO₂ Glass System." Key Engineering Materials 766 (April 2018): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.766.151.

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Bioactive glass ceramics from Na2O-CaO-P2O5-TiO2 system have been fabricated by conventional melt quenching method. In order to change the fabricated glass to glass ceramic samples, a heat treatment technique was employed using temperatures ranging between 700 and 900°C for 2 h. Glass transition and crystallization temperature were analyzed via differential thermal analyzer (DTA). In addition, phase formation and microstructure of the glass-ceramics were also investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From the crystallization kinetics, the crystallization rate constant (n) of the glass was found to be close to the value of 3, indicating the two-dimensional growth of crystals occurred in the glass ceramics. From the XRD results, the major crystalline phases were sodium titanium phosphate and calcium sodium phosphate along with titanium dioxide as the minor crystalline phases presented in high heat treatment temperatures (750-900°C) of the glass ceramics. SEM of the crystallized base glass Na2O-CaO-P2O5-TiO2 system, showed that crystallization of dendritic-like growths in the glass ceramics.

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Chanda, Abhijit, Sudip Dasgupta, Susmita Bose, and Amit Bandyopadhyay. "Microwave sintering of calcium phosphate ceramics." Materials Science and Engineering: C 29, no. 4 (May 2009): 1144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2008.09.008.

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Boyan, Barbara D., and Zvi Schwartz. "Are calcium phosphate ceramics 'smart' biomaterials?" Nature Reviews Rheumatology 7, no. 1 (January 2011): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2010.210.

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35

Safronova, T. V., and V. I. Putlyaev. "Powder systems for calcium phosphate ceramics." Inorganic Materials 53, no. 1 (January 2017): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168516130057.

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MONMA, Hideki. "Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics Complexed with Hydroxyapatite." Journal of the Ceramic Association, Japan 95, no. 1104 (1987): 814–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj1950.95.1104_814.

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Bose, Susmita, Solaiman Tarafder, Joe Edgington, and Amit Bandyopadhyay. "Calcium phosphate ceramics in drug delivery." JOM 63, no. 4 (April 2011): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-011-0065-7.

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Bakó, Zoltán, and Ildikó Kotsis. "Composition of precipitated calcium phosphate ceramics." Ceramics International 18, no. 6 (January 1992): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-8842(92)90068-o.

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Hongisto, M., A. Veber, N. G. Boetti, S. Danto, V. Jubera, and L. Petit. "Transparent Yb3+ doped phosphate glass-ceramics." Ceramics International 46, no. 16 (November 2020): 26317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.01.121.

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Shiryaev, K. V. "Quartz ceramics containing boron phosphate additive." Glass and Ceramics 48, no. 1 (January 1991): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00677728.

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41

Lee, Nan Hee, Kyu Hong Hwang, and Jong Kook Lee. "Fabrication of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics from the Recycling of Bone Ash." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2328.

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Biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics were fabricated from the recycling of bone ash which is mostly used as raw materials of bone china. Precursor calcium phosphate powders were prepared by soaking the commercial bone ash in 0.1 M of NaOH solution at 80°C for 4 h. Calcium phosphate powders was obtained by calcination at 800°C for 1 h to completely remove residual organics. Biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics which is composed of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate was fabricated by the sintering of pressed compacts at 1200°C for 1 h under moisture protection. The bone ash derived-biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics consists of mostly HA and small amounts of α-tricalcium phosphate, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide. After polishing the HA ceramics, they were immersed in buffered water at 37°C for 3 and 7 days. The bone ash derived- biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics show high biostability in liquid environment with immersion time compared with commercial calcium phosphate ceramics.

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Savvova, Oksana, Vasyl Shymon, Oleksii Fesenko, Olena Babich, and Serhii Alfeldii. "Development of Strengthened Bioactive Calcium Phosphate-Silicate Glass Ceramics for Bone Implants." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 14, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht14.01.109.

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Yeung, H. Y., Ling Qin, K. M. Lee, K. S. Leung, and Jack C. Y. Cheng. "Objective Quantification of Porous Structure in Orthopaedic Biomaterial Implants Using Micro Computed Tomography." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 1205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.1205.

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Porous calcium phosphate ceramics have been widely investigated in orthopaedic surgery as bone extensor. Attention has been given to manufacturing of a porous bioceramic that mimics the trabecular bone structure for proper bone regeneration and integration. Although different methods have been applied to manufacture the porous structure, it was unable to visualize the pores and their interconnections within the ceramic and had objective measurement of the calcium phosphate ceramics. With the advance of biomedical imaging through micro-computed tomography (microCT), the study attempted to quantify the pore structure of different calcium phosphate ceramics. Three kinds of bioceramic blocks, namely BSC, ChronOS, and THA, were synthesized by three methods and tested in the study. Six blocks of each bioceramic were evaluated by conventional water immersion method and microCT. The pore size and connectivity of the pores were evaluated with standardized protocols. The three-dimensional analysis of the pores and their distribution by microCT was presented. The ChronOS had more functional pores (200-400μm in diameter) than the BSC and THA did (p<0.05). Providing objective information on the functional pores, the microCT evaluation serves as a good standard for specification of the bioceramic-related implants.

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Gittings, J. P., Chris R. Bowen, I. G. Turner, F. R. Baxter, and J. B. Chaudhuri. "Polarisation Behaviour of Calcium Phosphate Based Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 587-588 (June 2008): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.91.

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This paper studies the effects of porosity, sintering atmosphere and composition on the polarisation behaviour of calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and α- tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) materials were prepared as both dense discs and as porous samples with interconnecting porosity. Materials were sintered in either air or water vapour at 1300°C and poled at a variety of temperatures, applied electric fields and time periods to optimise the polarisation properties of the materials. Thermally Stimulated Depolarisation Current (TSDC) measurements were used to investigate the degree of polarisation of the HA and α-TCP ceramics. A high depolarisation current was observed for both the porous HA and α-TCP ceramics. Sintering in water vapour also increased the depolarisation current due to reduced dehydration reactions, which result in a greater concentration of hydroxyl ions.

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Ali, Ashraf Fahim, and Piercarlo Mustarelli. "Improving the synthesis of alkyl phosphates as sol-gel precursors." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 2 (February 1999): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0047.

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Alkyl phosphates can be used as sol-gel precursors for phosphate-based glasses and glass-ceramics. An improvement in the synthesis of alkyl phosphates is presented. Following the procedure here described, it is possible to limit the fraction of condensed phosphates to 1–2%. At the same time, a ratio between mono- and di-substituted phosphates near to that given by the reaction stoichiometry may be attained.

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Teixeira, S., H. M. Fernandes, J. de Boer, M. P. Ferraz, and F. J. Monteiro. "Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Morphological Analysis on Interconnected Macroporous Structures." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 1129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.1129.

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Calcium phosphate ceramics are widely used as bone substitutes since they are biocompatible and bioactive. Given that their chemical composition is close to natural bone, calcium phosphate ceramics are promising bone substitute materials in orthopaedics, maxillofacial surgery and dentistry. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) are the most commonly used calcium phosphates, because their calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratios are close to that of natural bone and they are relatively stable in physiological environment. Furthermore, other critical parameters must be accomplished when designing a biomaterial for bone regeneration, namely: pore size, shape and interconnectivity [1]. Porosity is one of the most important factors since it influences the adhesion, migration nutrient supply and ultimately, proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, HA scaffolds with controlled porosity were obtained and their capacity to support human and rat mesenchymal stem cells attachment and proliferation was evaluated.

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Wagh, Arun S., Susan Grover, and Seung Y. Jeong. "Chemically Bonded Phosphate Ceramics: II, Warm-Temperature Process for Alumina Ceramics." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 86, no. 11 (November 2003): 1845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2003.tb03570.x.

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Ashizuka,, Masahiro, and Eiichi Ishida,. "Coating of Silicate Glass Ceramics Containing Tricalcium Phosphate On Zirconia Ceramics." High Temperature Materials and Processes 20, no. 1 (March 2001): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp.2001.20.1.57.

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Renka, Sanja, Teodoro Klaser, Sanja Burazer, Petr Mošner, Petr Kalenda, Ana Šantić, and Andrea Moguš-Milanković. "High Electronically Conductive Tungsten Phosphate Glass-Ceramics." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 2515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122515.

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High electronically conductive tungsten phosphate glass-ceramics have been prepared by the controlled crystallization of binary 60WO3–40P2O5 glass in the temperature range from 700 to 935 °C and for 1 to 24 h. The substantial increase in the conductivity for four orders of magnitude is a result of the formation of electronically conductive W2O3(PO4)2 and WO3 phases. At low crystallization temperature the dominant W2O3(PO4)2 phase is created, whereas at 935 °C for 24 h the formation of semiconducting WO3 crystallites of an average size of 80 nm enhances the conductivity to the highest value of 1.64 × 10−4 (Ω cm)–1 at 30 °C. The course of the crystallization and its impact on this exceptionally high electronic transport of binary tungsten phosphate glass-ceramics has been discussed in detail. Since such highly electronically conductive WO3-based glass-ceramics have a great potential as cathode/anode materials in solid state batteries and as electrocatalysts in fuel cells, it is of interest to provide a novel insight into the improvement of their electrical properties.

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Camargo, Nelson Heriberto de Almeida, O. J. Bellini, Enori Gemelli, and M. Tomiyama. "Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured ceramics powders for biomedical applications." Matéria (Rio de Janeiro) 12, no. 4 (December 2007): 574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-70762007000400005.

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Nanostructured materials have been largely studied in the last few years because they have a great potential to applications in different fields like physics, chemistry, biology, mechanic and medicine. Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured materials is a subject of great interest involving science, market, politicians, government and society. The nanostructured materials are in demand in biomedical area, mainly the bioceramics composed of calcium phosphates (Ca/P), which have an excellent biocompatibility and mineralogical characteristics similar to those of bones. The aim of this work was to optimize the method of powder synthesis of nanostructured calcium phosphate and of nanocomposites composed of calcium phosphate//SiO2n, containing 5, 10 and 15% (in volume) of nanometric silica (SiO2n). The results are expressed according to the method of synthesis, mineralogical and morphological characterization, and thermal behavior for the different compositions of the nanostructured powder synthesized.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Phosphate ceramics'

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