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Journal articles on the topic 'Phosphate rock Florida'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Liang, Haijun, Patrick Zhang, Zhen Jin, and David DePaoli. "Rare Earth and Phosphorus Leaching from a Flotation Tailings of Florida Phosphate Rock." Minerals 8, no. 9 (2018): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8090416.

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Phosphorite, or phosphate rock, is the raw material of phosphoric acid production. It has also been regarded as the most important secondary rare earth element (REE) resource due to low contents of rare earth elements contained in the ore. In Florida, there is about 19 Mt of phosphate rock mined annually. After beneficiation, the phosphate rock concentrate is utilized to produce phosphoric acid via a wet-process in which sulfuric acid is used to digest phosphate. During these processes, REEs and some phosphorus get lost in the byproducts including phosphatic clay, flotation tailings, phosphogypsum (PG), and phosphoric sludge. Recovering REEs and phosphorus from these wastes is beneficial to maximize the utilization of these valuable resources. This study focused on the effects of wet-process operating conditions on REE and phosphorus leaching from a kind of flotation tailing of Florida phosphate rock. The tailings were first beneficiated with a shaking table, and then a series of leaching tests were conducted on the shaking table concentrate. The results indicated that REEs had similar trends of leaching efficiency to those of phosphorus. Under the conditions of 16% phosphoric acid concentration in the initial pulp, a temperature of 75 °C, a stoichiometric ratio of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to calcium oxide (CaO) of 1.1, and a weight ratio of liquid to solid of 3.5, REE and phosphorus leaching efficiencies reached relatively high values of approximately 61% and 91%, respectively. Analyses indicated that the phosphate ions (PO43−) in the leaching solution tended to combine with REE ions to form REE phosphates which precipitated into PG, but the other large amount of anions such as sulfate ions (SO42−) and fluoride ions (F−) took effect of steric hindrance to prevent PO43− from combining with REE cations. These two opposite effects determined the REE distribution between the leaching solution and PG.
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2

KUCEY, R. M. N., and M. E. LEGGETT. "INCREASED YIELDS AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE BY WESTAR CANOLA (Brassica napus L.) INOCULATED WITH A PHOSPHATE-SOLUBILIZING ISOLATE OF Penicillium bilaji." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, no. 2 (1989): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-042.

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Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of inoculation with a phosphate-solubilizing isolate of Penicillium bilaji on the yield and phosphate uptake by canola (Brassica napus L.). Under greenhouse conditions, P. bilaji inoculation did not affect canola pod or straw dry matter production, but did increase straw and pod P concentrations resulting from increased P uptake over uninoculated treatments. Addition of P at 20 mg kg−1 soil as Florida rock phosphate plus inoculation with P. bilaji resulted in P uptake by canola nearly equivalent to that resulting from the addition of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) alone at the same rate of P. Addition of Florida rock phosphate alone had much less effect on plant P uptake. Addition of P. bilaji generally increased dry matter yields and P uptake by canola in two field sites. Penicillium bilaji appears to be able to increase the uptake of P from sources unavailable for plant uptake; P uptake by control plants inoculated with P. bilaji absorbed as much P as that absorbed by uninoculated plants receiving MAP. Key words: Penicillium bilaji, Brassica napus, fertilizer efficiency, rock phosphate, monoammonium phosphate
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3

Blanchard, Frank N., Robert E. Goddard, and Barbara Saffer. "Application of Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Analytical Methods to the Study of High-Magnesium Phosphorites." Advances in X-ray Analysis 29 (1985): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800010314.

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Phosphorite is a sedimentary rock with a high enough content of phosphate minerals to bo of economic Interest. Most phosphorites are composed predominantly of m1crocrystall1no to cryptocrystalline carbonate fluorapatlte thenceforth In this report referred to simply by the mineral group name apatite). Florida produces roughly 1/3 of the world's supply of phosphate rock, most of which is used 1n the fe rtiliz e r Industry.Long term continuation of phosphorite mining In Florida will require exploitation of the extensive hlgh-magneslum phosphorite deposits south of the present mining d istrict 1n central Florida, and this will require new technology In order to produce beneficlated concentrates with less than 1% MgO, a limit Imposed by fe r tiliz e r processing technology. In order to develop benefication methods applicable to these ores, it is essential to know how Mg occurs in phosphorites. Dolomite, CaMg(C03)2, is the chief host of Mg In phosphorites from Florida. Magnesium may also be present, however, as a substituent In apatite (the chief phosphate.mineral in these deposits), as a minor substituent 1n calcite (CaCO3), in certain clay minerals (particularly palygorskite and to a lesser extent in some smectites), and/or in organic matter within the apatite particles.
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4

He, Z. L., H. Yao, D. V. Calvert, et al. "Dissolution characteristics of central Florida phosphate rock in an acidic sandy soil." Plant and Soil 273, no. 1-2 (2005): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-004-7400-5.

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5

Yeager, Thomas H., and Charles R. Johnson. "Response of Podocarpus macrophyllus to Rock Phosphate and Mycorrhizae." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 3, no. 4 (1985): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-3.4.168.

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Shoot and root dry weights of greenhouse-grown mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal Podocarpus macrophyllus were not different after 8 months. Shoot dry weights were not different for plants grown in the 2 pine bark: 1 moss peat: 1 sand (v/v/v) medium amended with Florida rock phosphate (14% P) at either 0.54, 1.08, 2.16, 4.32, or 8.64 mg P/cm3 (14.5, 29, 58, 116, or 232 oz P/yd3, respectively) of medium (2300 cm3/container) or 0.27 mg P/cm3 (7.25 oz P/yd3) from superphosphate (9% P). Root dry weights for plants grown without a P amendment were greater than for plants grown with rock phosphate amendments of 0.54 and 1.08 mg P/cm3. Growing medium extract P levels 51 days after potting and thereafter were 2 ppm or less for the rock phosphate treatments, while P levels for the superphosphate-amended mediunl decreased from 169 ppm on day 51 to 9 ppm on day 236. Phosphorus accumulated by shoot and root tissues exhibited a similar relationship to shoot and root dry weights.
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6

Dodor, Daniel E., Yoshihiro Tokashiki, Kazuhiro Oya, and Moritaka Shimo. "Dissolution of phosphate rock fertilisers in some soils of Okinawa, Japan." Soil Research 37, no. 1 (1999): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s98061.

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The ability of phosphate rock (PR) to dissolve rapidly in soil is a primary concern in its direct application as P fertiliser. The dissolution of 4 PR materials (Togo, South Africa, Florida, Morocco PRs) in 15 soil samples in Okinawa was investigated in a closed-incubation system for 7 days. The fertilisers were mixed with the soils at rates of addition of 600–1200 µg Ca/g soil. The extent and rate of dissolution of the PRs were determined by measuring the increase in extractable Ca of the fertilised soils compared with unfertilised soils, i.e. the delta Ca (ΔCa) technique. Generally, the amounts of dissolution of 3 of the PRs were very low (mean 6·7% for Togo PR, 13·6% for South Africa PR, and 20·8% for Florida PR). However, Morocco PR dissolved to an appreciable extent (mean 60·8%), suggesting that it can be an alternative P source, especially in the red and yellow soils of Okinawa. Soil properties identified as affecting dissolution were different for the different PRs. In order to predict the suitability of Morocco PR for Okinawan soils, the extent of its dissolution was related to soil properties in a multiple regression analysis. Results indicated that the best regression model for predicting the amount of dissolution was the combination of pH, Ca saturation, and Truog P (r2 = 0·55**). Measured values of percentage dissolution of Morocco PR were significantly correlated with calculated percentages (r = 0·844***), indicating that the equation obtained could offer a rapid estimation of amount of dissolution of Morocco PR in Okinawan soils.
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7

Liang, H., P. Zhang, Z. Jin, and D. DePaoli. "Rare-earth leaching from Florida phosphate rock in wet-process phosphoric acid production." Minerals & Metallurgical Processing 34, no. 3 (2017): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19150/mmp.7615.

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8

Mao, Xiaoyun, Qin Lu, Wei Mo, Xiaoping Xin, Xian Chen, and Zhenli He. "Phosphorus Availability and Release Pattern from Activated Dolomite Phosphate Rock in Central Florida." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 65, no. 23 (2017): 4589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01037.

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9

Al-Wakeel, Mohamed I., C. L. Lin, and Jan D. Miller. "Significance of liberation characteristics in the fatty acid flotation of Florida phosphate rock." Minerals Engineering 22, no. 3 (2009): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2008.07.011.

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10

Laurino, Joseph P., Jack Mustacato, and Zachary J. Huba. "Rare Earth Element Recovery from Acidic Extracts of Florida Phosphate Mining Materials Using Chelating Polymer 1-Octadecene, Polymer with 2,5-Furandione, Sodium Salt." Minerals 9, no. 8 (2019): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9080477.

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To meet the growing global demand for rare earth elements (REEs), nontraditional mining sources of these metals are being investigated. Phosphate ore and phosphate mining wastes have been identified as possible alternative sources to REEs. In this study, REEs were extracted from Florida phosphate mining materials using mineral and organic acids. The REEs were then recovered at high efficiencies using a chelating polymer, 1-octadecene, polymer with 2,5-furandione, sodium salt. At pH 1.5, the chelation polymer effectively bound nearly 100% of the rare earth elements extracted from the solids. Overall extraction and recovery yields were between 80% for gadolinium and 8% for praseodymium from amine tailings, between 70% for terbium and 7% for praseodymium from phosphogypsum, between 56% for scandium and 15% for praseodymium from phosphate rock, and between 77% for samarium and 31% for praseodymium from waste clay. These results suggest that this chelating polymer efficiently recovers rare earth elements from acidic extracts of phosphate mining waste products.
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11

Engelbrecht, Johann P., S. W. de Bruyn, and Johan P. R. de Villiers. "An Automated On-Stream XRD Analyser for Process Control in the Phosphate Industry." Advances in X-ray Analysis 36 (1992): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800018954.

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AbstractA dedicated on-stream X-ray diffraction (XRD) system for the analysis of rock phosphate-bearing slurries was configured to the requirements of industry for process control. The slurry-handling system includes a multiplexer, header tank, de-aerator, sample splitters and two windowless sample presenters. The x-ray system is comprises a line-focus molybdenum anode X-ray tube, two pyrolytic graphite primary-beam monochromators, two vertical fixed-geometry goniometers, and a simultaneous four scintillation-detector system. The X-ray beam is transmitted through the slurry curtains so that the forward diffracted X-ray intensities of apatite (francolite) and quartz are measured simultaneously. Data obtained by the on-stream XRD analyses of apatite and quartz in rock phosphate from the Florida area in the USA are presented. Lower limits of detection in the order of 0.1 per cent can be achieved for both the apatite and quartz in slurries containing 30 per cent solids. The solids content is a variable that must be known if feeds, tailings, and concentrates are to be measured using a universal algorithm. It can be calculated from the total mineral content of the slurry or from density measurements.
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12

Mikkelsen, Robert L., and Thomas W. Bruulsema. "Fertilizer Use for Horticultural Crops in the U.S. during the 20th Century." HortTechnology 15, no. 1 (2005): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.1.0024.

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Tremendous changes have occurred during the past century in the sources and methods for supplying nutrients for horticultural crops. Reliance on animal manure, cover crops, and animal tankage was insufficient to meet the crop nutrient demand for a rapidly expanding population. The Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis (1910s) revolutionized the availability and affordability of nitrogen (N) fertilizer. Discovery of large-scale deposits of rock phosphate in South Carolina (1860s) and Florida (1880s) alleviated widespread nutrient deficiencies. Acidification of rock phosphate and bone material significantly improved phosphorus (P) availability for plants. Discovery of potassium (K)-bearing minerals in New Mexico (1920s) and later in Canada (1960s) now provide a long-term nutrient source. Modern fertilizer technology allows nutrients to be applied in the correct ratio and amount to meet crop needs. Advances in understanding plant nutrition, coupled with slow-release fertilizers, foliar fertilization, soluble nutrients, and the development of soil and tissue testing have all improved the yield and quality of horticultural crops. Future developments will likely focus on fertilization in an increasingly competitive global economy, while requiring sophisticated management to minimize environmental impacts.
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13

Engelbrecht, Johann, Stéfan de Bruyn, and Petrus van den Heever. "On-stream X-ray diffraction analysis of phosphate rock-bearing slurries in Florida: a case study towards process control." Process Control and Quality 11, no. 1 (1998): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856698750246994.

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14

Missimer, Thomas M., Christopher Teaf, Robert G. Maliva, Ashley Danley-Thomson, Douglas Covert, and Michael Hegy. "Natural Radiation in the Rocks, Soils, and Groundwater of Southern Florida with a Discussion on Potential Health Impacts." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (2019): 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101793.

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Southern Florida is underlain by rocks and sediments that naturally contain radioactive isotopes. The primary origin of the radioactive isotopes is Miocene-aged phosphate deposits that can be enriched in uranium-238 and its daughter isotopes. Nodular phosphate containing radionuclides from the Miocene has been reworked into younger formations and is ubiquitous in southern Florida. When the nodular phosphate is exposed to groundwater with geochemical conditions favorable for its dissolution, uranium, radium, and radon may be released into the groundwater system. Uranium concentrations have been measured above the 30 µg/L drinking water standard at only one location in Lee County. Radium226/228 exceedances of the drinking water standard have been documented in numerous wells in Sarasota County. Indoor radon activities have exceeded the 4 piC/L guideline in five southern Florida counties. The exceedance of radioactivity standards in drinking water does not occur in municipal drinking water supplies, but rather only in some domestic self-supply wells. Health risks for exposure to radiation from domestic self-supply wells could be mitigated by testing of well water and, if necessary, switching to the use of a different aquifer or treatment process. While the risk of exposure to radon in indoor air in southern Florida is generally low, some areas are enriched in soil radon that migrates into structures, which could be addressed by improved ventilation.
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15

Sikora, F. J., E. F. Dillard, J. P. Copeland, and G. L. Mullins. "Chemical Characterization and Bioavailability of Phosphorus in Water-Insoluble Fractions of Three Mono-Ammonium Phosphate Fertilizers." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 5 (1989): 852–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.5.852.

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Abstract Elemental impurities in mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) fertilizers, such as Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, and F, result in compounds other than NH4H2PO4. The phosphorus availability of the impurity compounds was determined in 3 commercial MAP fertilizers produced from North Carolina, Florida, and Idaho phosphate rocks. Soluble compounds, including NH4H2PO4, were washed out of the fertilizers, and the water-insoluble fraction was collected. The North Carolina, Florida, and Idaho MAP fertilizers contained 13, 16, and 17% waterinsoluble fractions, respectively. Availability of phosphorus in each MAP fertilizer and water-insoluble fraction was determined in a greenhouse pot study using sorghum-sudangrass {Sorghum bicolor) as the test crop. There were no differences in dry matter weights or phosphorus uptake between reagent grade MAP and each MAP fertilizer. Lower dry matter weights and phosphorus uptake were produced from the water-insoluble North Carolina, Florida, and Idaho fractions (NC > FL > ID). Chemical analysis and characterization with optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry indicated 77.3,73.8, and 73.6% NH4H2PO4 in the North Carolina, Florida, and Idaho MAP fertilizers, respectively. MgAl(NH4)2H(P04)2F2, AINH4HPO4F2, and FeNH4(HP04)2 were identified as water-insoluble phosphorus compounds. There was a significant negative correlation between the percent phosphorus present as MgAl(NH4)2H(P04)2F2 and the phosphorus availability. Increased crystallinity of the various water-insoluble compounds also contributed to reduced phosphorus availability.
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16

Csathó, Péter, E. Osztoics, J. Csillag, et al. "The Effect of Phosphate Rocks on Spring Barley Shoot Yield in a Pot Trial." Agrokémia és Talajtan 55, no. 1 (2006): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.55.2006.1.21.

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Depending on their origin, sedimentary phosphate rocks (PRs) may differ in their P solubility, and, as a consequence, in their agronomic effectiveness. The effect of six phosphate rocks (PR) - originating from Algeria (ALG), North Florida (FLO), North Carolina (NCA), Senegal (SEN) Morocco (MOR) and Hyperphosphate (HYP) with various P solubility (evaluated by 2% formic acid, 2% citric acid, and neutral ammonium citrate) - as well as single superphosphate (SSP) and superphosphate + lime (SSP + Ca) (each P source on 4 P levels, with doses of 0, 100, 400 and 1600 mg P 2 O 5 ·kg -1 soil) on the shoot yield of tillering stage spring barley, soil available P (i.e. H 2 O, Olsen, Bray1, Lakanen-Erviö (LE) and ammonium lactate (AL) extractable P contents) were studied in pot experiments set up with acidic sandy soil (Nyírlugos, Hungary) and acidic clay loam soil (Ragály, Hungary), both with low P supplies. The average spring barley shoot yield at the beginning of shooting was 95% higher on the colloid-rich acidic (pH KCl : 4.5) clay loam soil than on the colloid-poor acidic (pH KCl : 3.8) sandy soil. The differences in the solubility of phosphate rocks showed close correlation to the differences in P responses. On both soils, the correlation between total PR-P added and P responses in spring barley shoot yield was much weaker than that between neutral ammonium citrate soluble PR-P added and P responses in spring barley shoot yield. When phosphate rocks were applied as P sources, the comparison of soil test P methods showed a different picture on the two soils. In the case of the acidic sandy soil (Nyírlugos), the strongly acid LE-P (r² = 0.83) and AL-P (r² =0.74) tests gave the highest correlation coefficients with spring barley responses to P, while on the acidic clay loam soil (Ragály) these were achieved by the Olsen-P (r² = 0.88) and Bray1-P (r² =0.88) methods.
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17

Beamish, Ian. "Stinking Stones and Rocks of Gold: Phosphate, Fertilizer, and Industrialization in Postbellum South Carolina. By Shepherd W. McKinley. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2014. Pp. xii, 230. $69.95, cloth." Journal of Economic History 76, no. 1 (2016): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050716000164.

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18

Ferleger, Louis. "Stinking Stones and Rocks of Gold: Phosphate, Fertilizer, and Industrialization in Postbellum South Carolina. By Shepherd W. McKinley. (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2014. Pp. xi, 230. $69.95.)." Historian 77, no. 4 (2015): 801–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hisn.12077_29.

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19

Downey, Tom. "Stinking Stones and Rocks of Gold: Phosphate, Fertilizer, and Industrialization in Postbellum South Carolina. ByShepherd W. McKinley. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2014. xii + 230 pp. Illustrations, photographs, maps, bibliography, notes, index. Cloth, $69.95. ISBN: 978-0-8130-4924-3." Business History Review 88, no. 4 (2014): 820–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680514000919.

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20

Msaky, J. J. T., B. M. Msanya, and A. P. Uriyo. "The Use of Rock Phosphate as a Source of Phosphorus on a slightly acid clayey Soil in Tanzania." Afrika Focus 2, no. 2 (1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/af.v2i2.6613.

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The effectiveness of rock phosphate as a phosphorus nutrient source was studied as compared to triple superphosphate (TSP), a common fertilizer used in Tanzania. Initial results showed that rock phosphate can be used as a P source for growing maize. Its application increased both grain yields and soluble floride extractable P in the soil. TSP still proved to be superior to rock phosphate for the direct effect experiments in terms of both grain yield and soluble fluoride extractable P. However, for the residual effects experiment, rock phosphate was equally effective as TSP. Grinding rock phosphate beyond -40+60 mesh did not result in an increase in soluble P. However, increase in levels of application resulted into increased soluble P in soil. A combination of fineness and level of application resulted into an increased amount of soluble P. This combination should thus be used as a criterion in the use of rock phosphate as a P nutrient source for plant growth. KEYWORDS : Rock Phosphate, phosphorus source, soils, Tanzania
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