Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phosphates – Absorption et adsorption'
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Saad, Rabih. "Adsorption et désorption d'ions phosphate et nitrate par des matériaux mésoporeux à base de silice fonctionnalisés avec des groupements ammonium." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25747/25747.pdf.
Full textBarthelemy, Kévin. "Adsorption des anions phosphate par des composés ferriques en vue du traitement des eaux usées : approche en réacteur homogène et en mode hydrodynamique contrôlé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0237.
Full textThe Ph.D. work, presented in this manuscript, is devoted to evaluating phosphate adsorption process on carbonate ferric green rust and ferrihydrite. The main objective concerns an application for the treatment of waste water in rural areas. Both iron oxides are first synthesized and their physico-chemical properties characterized. The ferric green rust structural properties differences as a function of synthesis parameters such as aging period and addition of hydrogen peroxide solution is of particular interest. A detailed study of surface physico-chemical properties by X Photoelectron Spectroscopy is carried out in the case of ferrihydrite. The reactivity of these two iron oxides is then evaluated in batch experiments. Adsorption process follows the pseudo-second order kinetic equation and Freundlich isotherm model which give the best adjustments of experimental data. The influence of various parameters such as pH, ionic strength, etc on phosphate adsorption is also taken into account. Column experiments are afterwards carried out by using filtration material constituted of iron oxide deposited onto pozzolana. The optimal conditions to prepare this filtration material are naturally predetermined. Phosphate adsorption in hydrodynamic mode is characterized by advective and diffusive mechanisms and water regionalization which govern the adsorption process in the column. Moreover, phosphate adsorption capacity and flow rate influence on adsorption process are obtained. Finally, a preliminary experiment on a pre-treated waste water finally shows that the filtration material is potentially interesting for an industrial application
Babana, Amadou Hamadoun. "Mise au point d'un inoculant biologique pour le blé irrigué du Mali." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/21179/21179.pdf.
Full textBecause of the high price of imported P-fertilizers in Mali, the Tilemsi rock phosphate (TRP) is a cheaper locally available P source alternative for farmers. In many areas regardless of its good physical and chemical characteristics, crops and particularly wheat showed very slow response to TRP. With the broad aim of biologically improving P uptake by wheat, in this work we describe the use of TRP solubilizing microorganisms in field inoculation trials. In 3 different Malian wheat cultivars, 4 to 12% of the rhizosphere microorganisms were able to dissolve TRP. Six bacterial and two fungal isolates were selected for their high P-solubilizing activity in solid and liquid media, and were tested in a field in Koygour (Diré) in 2000-2001. Two fungal isolates Aspergillus niger (C1) and Penicillium chrysogenum (C13) and Pseudomonas sp. (BR2) significantly increased plant heights after 60 days, and the fresh and dry matter yields and P-uptake after 90 days of growth. Field assays were performed in Koygour (Diré) in 2001-2002. Inoculation treatments included C1, C13, BR2, C1+BR2, C13BR2, and a control in the presence or absence of the AM fungus Glomus intraradices. P treatments included Tilemsi rock phosphate (TRP), phosphate biammoniacal (DAP) and an unfertilized control. The colonization of wheat root with AM was significantly higher following inoculation with G. intraradices, and when TRP was the P source used. The presence of Pseudomonas strain (BR2) improved root colonization by the AM fungus. In general, straw and grain yield improved significantly following inoculation with AM and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. The highest P concentration in wheat grain and straw was recorded in treatment including a combinaison of AM, BR2 and C1 in the presence of TRP.
Kpannieu, Dan Eude Baudouin. "Traitement de la pollution phosphorée des effluents résiduaires urbains par des matériaux de Côte d’Ivoire constitués de schiste ardoisier, grès et latérite : approches en réacteur homogène, en mode hydrodynamique contrôlé et en réacteur micro-pilote de terrain." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0133.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of phosphate ions adsorption processes by natural minerals of Ivory Coast, i.e. shale, sandstone and laterite mainly. Phosphate sorption by shale was first investigated in batch and column experiments. Batch experiments allowed the assessment of the influence of initial phosphate concentration, sorbent dosage, contact time, and pH on phosphate removal. The phosphate removal efficiency increased with increasing shale dosage while phosphate uptake decreased. Phosphate uptake strongly depended on pH, decreasing first with increasing pH in the range of 2-11 and then increasing at the highest pH value of 12. A correlation between aqueous Ca, Mg, Al, and Fe concentrations and phosphate uptake was observed. The kinetics was well described using the pseudo-second order model and isotherms with Langmuir sorption model. Column experiments with a flow rate of 1 ml min-1 and 25 mg L-1 initial phosphate concentration showed a breakthrough point at V/Vp of ~17 corresponding to a phosphate uptake of 0.2 mg g-1 in agreement with batch experiments. The performance of shale was evaluated as filter material in (Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland) VFCW in removal of phosphate ions, nitrogen, suspended solids, and organic compounds, using municipal wastewater. The influence of both shale granulometry and plants density was evaluated. The shale with the finest particle size offers a slightly higher efficiency. The flow rate decreased after wastewater treatment and the fooling is less pronounced for planted VFCW. The filter with the highest plant density offers only slightly higher efficiency towards phosphate and nitrate removal. The phosphate sorption capacity of the plants is negligible confirming the importance in the choice of the filter medium. Finally, phosphate removal by shale was compared to sandstone and laterite in both batch and column experiments. The different chemical compositions of the materials influence strongly the reactivity towards phosphate ions. It is supposed that the status of iron in the material, i.e. in substitution in clays in shale and occurring as hematite and goethite in laterite and sandstone, explained the differences of reactivity. Both batch and column experiments revealed that phosphate uptake decreased in the following ranking order laterite > sandstone > shale. These three materials appear as promising filter materials in VFCW
Grimal, Jean-Yves. "Influence de l'exsudation racinaire de Zea mays L. Sur mobilisation de formes de phosphore difficilement biodisponibles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL058N.
Full textFu, Yong 1948. "Solid activity coefficients of phosphate adsorbed by soil." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276722.
Full textMohd, Ali. "Adsorption et électrosorption d'herbicides et de tensioactifs sur charbons actifs en grains." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3028.
Full textSandhu, Harjinder. "Sorption of lead and arsenic on soil components and effectiveness of phosphates for remediating lead and arsenic contaminated soils." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1923.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 170 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
Paul, Kristian W. "Molecular modeling study of sulfate and phosphate adsorption at the mineral-water interface." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 223 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654487581&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textCaja, Monique. "Adsorption du gaz naturel sur les charbons en conditions anhydres et saturées en eau : Etude des quantités adsorbées et du fractionnement isotopique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22019.
Full textBenaïssa, Houcine. "Adsorption de propane et propylène sur corps microporeux." Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0106.
Full textDeyme, Michel. "Modification de la composition chimique superficielle de polymères : étude de l'adsorption du collagène aux interfaces air ou polymère/solutions aqueuses." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA114804.
Full textMercury, Maud Chloé. "Etude de méthodes et moyens d'adsorption/désorption pour l'analyse en ligne de traces de dioxines/furannes à l'émission de sources fixes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX11049.
Full textWaste management is a major problem of our society where the amount of waste is still increasing. In 2008, in France, 868 million tons of waste were produced. Today, incineration is considered to be an effective method for disposing of waste. However, since the discovery dioxins generated in all waste plants, this technique becomes a topic of great concern. The authorities require a regulation of dioxin emissions lower than 0. 1 ng ITEQ. M-3 in Europe. Consequently it appears very important to measure and control in “real time” dioxin emission levels from waste incinerators. The major focus of this dissertation work centers on the development of an on-line, real time and direct monitoring technique to study stationary emission sources of dioxins/furans. It concerns the study of new classes of selective adsorbents; in relation to the complexity of the gas mixture in the incinerator’s emissions and to the possible existence of the gas phase dioxin congeners. In a first time, these works focus on study, synthesis and characterization of new selective adsorbent materials as zeolites. These materials have been used as supports for adsorption of solutions of dioxins (2,3- DCDD and 1,2,3,4-TCDD in isooctane) and they have been compared to adsorbents used in NF EN 1948 standard during emission sampling. This study shows that NaX zeolite was the best adsorbent for selective trapping on dioxins. In a second time, an analytical method for on line monitoring of gas phase dioxin at the emission of waste incinerators is designed and developed. This method is based on an adsorption/ thermal desorption device coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The device allows the on-line analysis of the standard gas flue of dioxins and the analysis of dioxins trapped in an adsorbent tube. To conclude, these works shows the interest of use zeolites for selective trapping of gas phase dioxins in an on-line field device of adsorption/ thermal desorption of dioxins from stationary sources
Nanakassé, Sidiki. "Sur l'utilisation du gel de silice dans des machines frigorifiques à affinité : adsorption de l'eau et du méthanol." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOS070.
Full textElayadi, Houda. "Comparaison physico-chimique et sites catalytiques entre les solides Au/CeO2 préparés par deux méthodes différentes : déposition-précipitation et imprégnation." Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0269.
Full textTwo 4%Au/CeO2 catalysts have been prepared by two different methods : deposition-precipitation (DP) and impregnation (Imp). From the XRD, SEM and TEM study, nanoparticles of gold have been evidenced in the DP catalyst and agglomerates nearby nanoparticles in the Imp solid. Compared to the Imp solid, the DP catalyst showed a better catalytic activity in the CO oxidation reaction, the total oxidation of propene and the combustion of carbon black (soots). This difference in the activity is related to the presence of well-dispersed gold nanoparticles on the DP solid surface and a significant quantity of Aun+ located nearby the metallic gold and the O2- ions of the ceria lattice. The weak activity of the Imp catalyst is correlated to the presence on the surface of gold agglomerates and an important amount of chloride ions. These latter species are known as inhibitor in calatysis. In order to elucidate the redox properties of both DP and Imp catalysts, the solids have been degassed and treated under vacuum at 400°C for 1h before the absorption of air. Therefore, the two catalysts have been studied with the EPR technique. Two signals completely different have been evidenced : the first one with g- < g// on DP and the other one, denoted M, with g- > g// on the Imp catalyst. The DP signal has been attributed to O2- species whereas, the attribution of M signal has needed of more detailed study. In fact, the adsorption of air on x%Au/CeO2 (Imp) solids, where 0 <(or egal) x <(or egal) 4, has shown using the EPR technique, the appearance of a new P signal nearby of the M signal for Au contents less than x = 2. 5. From EPR results obtained after absorption, on x%Au/CeO2 (Imp) solids, O2, N2, O2+N2 or air, O2 before N2 ; N2 before O2, NO, N2O and NO2, the P signal has been attributed to O2- , NO2 2- or NO3 2- and M signal M to NO, O- or N2O-. The Nox formed can be considered as intermediate or final products. From these results mechanisms corresponding to all the formed products have been proposed
Navarro, Pedro. "Etude du comportement électrochimique des électrodes à pâte de carbone : application à l'étude des espèces adsorbées sur solide non électroactif." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10025.
Full textMocho, Pierre. "Adsorption de composés organiques volatils sur charbon actif : régénération in situ du charbon par chauffage par induction électromagnétique." Pau, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PAUU3015.
Full textDelgado, Cano Beatriz. "Caractérisation des matériaux commerciaux et synthétisés destinés à adsorber le méthane et l'oxyde nitreux présents dans des émissions gazeuses et modélisation de l'adsorption." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27771.
Full textHuman activities contributed with a significant increase in GHG concentrations over the past 150 years and they are related to environmental issues, such as global warming and climate change. The agricultural sector contributes 8 to 10% of total GHG emissions to the atmosphere, being carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) the main GHGs emitted. The control and quantification of these emissions requires technologies which can capture and or degrade these GHG, for example by adsorption. The objective of this project is to characterize adsorbents and to describe their adsorption kinetics in order to select the most suitable for the adsorption of CH₄ and N₂O at low concentration and at ambient temperature. For CH₄ adsorption, commercial and synthesized adsorbents were tested. The selected adsorbents were commercial zeolites, laboratory conditioned biochar and synthesized ZIF ("Zeolitic imidazolate framework"). ZIF was also used for N₂O adsorption. The adsorption capacity of CH₄ and N₂O for each adsorbent was evaluated by dynamic adsorption tests of the gas under atmospheric conditions. Commercial zeolites, in the form of pellets and powders, were physically and chemically characterized in order to correlate their properties with its CH₄ adsorption capacity. The effect of zeolites structure and chemical composition on the adsorption capacity of CH₄ was evaluated for zeolites in the form of pellets and powders. CH₄ adsorption capacity of commercial zeolites was studied at 30 °C, atmospheric pressure and at CH₄ partial pressures lower than 0.40 kPa (4000 ppm CH₄). Freundlich isotherm fitted the experimental data of CH₄ adsorption. The adsorption capacity of CH₄ increased with the surface area and pore volume, while decreased with the Si/Al ratio and temperature. Furthermore, the zeolites in powder form exhibited higher CH₄ adsorption capacities than those of zeolites in pellets. The torrefied cardboard was chemically treated with KOH and it was physically, chemically and thermally characterized to correlate its properties with its CH₄ adsorption capacity and to predict the durability of the samples. The adsorption capacity of CH₄ of torrefied cardboard was studied at 30 °C, atmospheric pressure and CH₄ partial pressures lower than 0.40 kPa (4000 ppm CH4). The Freundlich adsorption isotherm fitted correctly the experimental data. CH4 adsorption capacity increased with torrefaction time and decreased with chemical treatment. ZIF-8 was obtained by solvothermal synthesis and was physically and chemically characterized in order to correlate its properties with its adsorption capacity of CH₄ and N₂O. The adsorption capacity of CH₄ and N₂O was studied at 30 °C and atmospheric pressure, while the partial pressures of CH₄ and N₂O evaluated were lower than 0.40 kPa for CH₄ (4000 ppm CH₄) and lower than 0.10 kPa for N2O (1000 ppm N₂O). The experimental adsorption of CH₄ an N₂O was fitted by Freundlich isotherm. Furthermore, the adsorption of a mixture of CH₄ and N₂O was evaluated, being CH₄ breakthrough influenced in the presence of N₂O. Among the different materials used for CH₄ adsorption at 30 ºC and partial pressures lower than 0.40 kPa (4000 ppm CH₄), biocharbons presented the highest adsorption capacity, followed by ZIF- 8 and commercial zeolites.
Gentilhomme, Valérie. "Quantification des flux d'absorption et de régénération de l'azote minéral (nitrate, nitrite et ammonium) et organique (urée) dans la couche euphotique des océans oligotrophes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22103.
Full textMing, Loh Kong. "Etude de la compétition d'adsorption entre les composés oxygénés et les hydrocarbures sur les tamis moléculaires." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10308.
Full textCosnier, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude de l'adsorption et de la désorption de composés organiques volatils chlorés sur charbons actifs." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10156.
Full textAdsorption and desorption of water and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in static (adsorption isotherms) and dynamic conditions (breakthrough curves) have been performed on different activated carbons (ACs) (granulated ACs and activated carbons fibers) with different textural characteristics and surface chemistry. The main objective of this study is to separate the different component of a chlorinated VOCs mixture in the presence or not of water vapor. It appears that both porous texture and surface chemistry of ACs as physicochemical characteristics of the probes have a strong influence on their adsorption (or desorption) process (mechanism and kinetics). A special attention has been drawn on the influence of the water presence: at high relative humidity rate, ACs adsorption properties (adsorbed amount and kinetics) for chlorinated VOCs are strongly affected. Separation of the dichloromethane/trichloroethylene mixture has been successfully realized whatever the experimental conditions. Last, an exploratory study on the AC hydrophobisation possibilities by the graphting of non-polar groups in liquid phase has been undertaken in order to limit the water presence effects
Rojas, Devia Carolina. "Biogaz en vue de son utilisation en production d'énergie : séparation des siloxanes et du sulfure d'hydrogène." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824324.
Full textDoka, Nassionou Geoffroy André. "Cinétique de formation de coke et régénération de zéolithes EMT et FAU." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2260.
Full textZghida, Haïfa. "Utilisation de ligno-celluloses cationiques pour la dépollution des eaux : application à la sorption de surfactants et des oxy-anions du chrome." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10042.
Full textCanard, Gabriel. "Matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques incorporant des métallocorroles de cobalt(III) : application à l'adsorption sélective du monoxyde de carbone." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS046.
Full textMahieu, Angélique. "Nouveau matériau biodégradable et absorbeur d'oxygène à base d'amidon et de polycaprolactone. Evolution des propriétés en fonction de l'humidité." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES003.
Full textThe properties of a thermoplastic starch matrix (TPS) have been characterized, in particular their variations with humidity. TPS has been mixed with Polycaprolactone (PCL), an hydrophobic polyester, in order to limit the material sensibility to humidity. A PCL of low molar mass (37000 g/mol, PCL37) and a low extrusion speed favor the PCL migration on the film surface but the material is heterogeneous. On the contrary, with a PCL of higher molar mass (50000 g/mol, PCL50) and a higher shearing rate, the repartition of the blend both phases is fine and homogeneous. An inversion of phase continuity is observed near 50% of PCL50. Interactions as hydrogen bonds between PCL and starch have been highlighted. PCL50 addition limits starch crystalline structure variations with humidity as well as water sorption of TPS phase on high water activities (>0. 8). Films mechanical resistance increases in proportion to PCL rate. Their elongation at break is improved thanks to uniaxially orientation at the end of the extruder. An oxygen scavenging capacity is given to these materials by active agent addition. The film will so contribute to prolong the shelf-life of food in the case of a use as food packaging. The film containing 15% of ascorbic acid and 1. 5% of iron absorbs the expected quantity of oxygen in 15 days at 85% relative humidity. This film mechanical resistance is low but the addition of 20% of PCL50 allows compensating this drawback in spite of slower oxygen absorption
Perrin, Amandine. "Contribution à l'étude du stockage du méthane par adsorption." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10125.
Full textNatural gas, which methane is the main component, is an alternative fuel. It is abundant and has clean burning characteristics; however its storage is difficult due to its very low density. Two storage routes were investigated. Methane adsorption was studied in optimized microporous carbons. They were prepared by chemical activation of anthracite powders with sodium hydroxide, and were then compacted. Associating both high adsorptive capacities and high apparent densities finally allowed exceeding the target of 150 volumes of methane delivered per volume of storage vessel at 20ʿC and 3. 5 MPa. Formation of methane hydrates was also observed in micro mésoporous carbons, at 2ʿC and at pressures higher than 4 MPa
Sallek, Brahim. "Les phosphates de calcium, supports potentiels de médicaments implantables : étude de leurs mécanismes de dissolution et d'adsorption." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT058G.
Full textDecrette, Armelle. "Etude par simulation numérique de la dynamique moléculaire de l'adsorption de l'éthylène et du n-butane dans la silicate-1 : modélisation des spectres d'absorption infrarouge et de la cinétique d'adsorption." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS076.
Full textThe objective of this work is to develop a tool for molecular dynamics simulation for the study of the adsorption of gases in the porous solids. Two sets of themes of research currently under development are particularly aimed: hydrocarbon diffusion linear and connected in C6 on a silicalite by manometry out of equilibrium, and the adsorption of trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene on a silicalite by infrared spectroscopy. The implementation of this new set of themes of modelling being difficult with such molecules, we decided to work on less complex molecules: butane for the study of the diffusion, and ethylene for the infrared spectroscopy. The tool for numerical simulation set up rests on the principle of molecular dynamics except transient equilibrium. It makes it possible to study equilibria and the kinetics of adsorption according to protocols inspired by those used in experiments. Data of adsorption to equilibrium as well as dynamic properties and vibrational can be determined
Hazourli, Sabir. "Adsorption et électrosorption de composés organiques sur charbon actif en grains." Pau, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PAUU3006.
Full textGarin, Lionel. "Traitement d'un effluent gazeux humide par adsorption/réaction chimique et catalyse." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS061.
Full textThe present work deals with the development of a compact system for the treatment of low concentrations in nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide in a wet gas. The aim of this work is to treat diffuse pollution sources in order to ensure, for example in small factory premises, a good air quality. To do that, a fixed bed process based on adsorption, absorption and/or chemical reaction was chosen. The residence time of the gas in the reactor is about ten milliseconds and the temperature is close to room value. Various, commercial or not, adsorbents and catalysts materials were tested on two experimental devices : - A set up which allows us to test volumes of materials lower than 0,06 L with the control of the different parameters. The gas is reconstituted by the mixing of air with pure CO and NO2 gases. Humidity is generated by gas bubbling in water or by water steam injection; - A full-scale prototype (6 to 10 L of material) on which is carried out the real gas treatment. It appears that the most interesting product for the nitrogen dioxide treatment is an hydroxide potassium impregnated activated carbon. The catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in this conditions can be made by a ternary Pt-Pd-SnO2/AI2O3 catalyst. The influence of the parameters (humidity, residence time, concentration, temperature) on the activity of these two materials was studied. The NO2 neutralization on activated carbon requires minimum gas humidity (40% at 40°C). A NO2 to NO conversion at low humidity or for important working time was observed. The NO2 fixation capacity of the KOH impregnated activated carbon was measured. The determination of the neutralization mechanisms and a model for estimate initial efficiency are proposed. As regards catalyst, kinetics parameters for the oxidation of carbon monoxide present in dry or wet air were determined. A nitrogen dioxide reduction in the presence of carbon monoxide (NO2 + CO → NO + CO2) is also observed. To confirm these results, long duration tests were carry out on the full-scale prototype and allowed to highlight various problems relating to the use of the two materials selected
Mauviel, Guillain. "Transport multi-composants dans les polymères : séparation hydrocarbures / hydrogène par membrane à sélectivité inverse." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_MAUVIEL_G.pdf.
Full textHydrocarbon / hydrogen separation by reverse selectivity membranes is investigated. The first goal is to develop materials showing an increased selectivity. Silicone membranes loaded with inorganic fillers have been prepared, but the expected enhancement is not observed. The second goal is to model the multi- component transport through rubbers. Indeed the permeability model is not able to predict correctly permeation when a vapour is present. Thus many phenomena have to be considered: diffusional interdependancy, sorption synergy, membrane swelling and drag effect. The dependence of diffusivities with the local composition is modelled according to free-volume theory. The model resolution allows to predict the permeation flow-rates of mixed species from their pure sorption and diffusion data. For the systems under consideration, the diffusional interdependancy is shown to be preponderant. Besides, sorption synergy importance is pointed out, whereas it is most often neglected
Dufau, Nathalie. "Organisation de la phase adsorbée dans des matériaux microporeux modèles : étude thermodynamique structurale et dynamique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30083.
Full textThe inherent complexity of many industrial adsorbents renders the results of the physisorption of simple gases on such materials relatively difficult to interpret. With the aim to understand more clearly phenomena that occur during adsorption, the present study concentrates on well-defined model adsorbents whose pores are of molecular dimensions. This study initially focuses on an aluminophosphate with a neutral structure (without condensation cations) and unidirectional micropores of elliptical cross-section : AIPC>4-11. The conclusions obtained are then extended to systems such as ZSM-12, mordenite, 5A and 13X with both more complex micropore networks and non-neutral frameworks containing condensation cations. The interest of this study lies in the elucidation of the successive phenomena that may occur during the micropore filling process. The most suitable AIPC>4-11 sample was chosen following the most appropriate synthesis conditions and after controlling the liberation of the microporosity. This allowed the elimination of the organic template without degradation, via an evaporation-type process. .
Gerente, Claire. "Fixation de l'arsenic (V) sur le chitosane : étude des mécanismes et procédé." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2053.
Full textThe aim of this work is to perform a dynamic treatment process with chitosan, for arsenic removal. After a physico-chemical characterisation of the material, the kinetic study has shown that experimental data could be described by the pseudo first-order model. Then, the analysis of different adsorption models confirm that the mechanism of sorption is an electrostatic attraction and ion exchange. Temperature, pH and the presence of divalent anions are the main influencing parameters. The dynamic study involves a continuous stirred tank reactor coupled with a microfiltration membrane. A mass balance model based on the Langmuir equilibrium isotherm is used to describe the adsorption process and the breakthrough curves are well simulated. Based on these results, it is demonstrated that chitosan is an interesting biomaterial for the treatment of water contaminated with arsenic (V)
Sahel, Abdelkrim. "Contribution à l'étude en régime dynamique de la sorption sur charbon actif de molécules organiques. Comparaison et simplification de différents modèles." Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO0190.
Full textDehouche, Zahir. "Conception d'un absorbeur gaz-liquide à film sphérique en vue de la modélisation de cinétiques de transfert de matière avec réactions chimiques." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10168.
Full textAguilera, Maria Eugenia. "Modélisation physique et prévention de l'endommagement des abords de puits par dépôts asphalténiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13236.
Full textAsphaltene deposition in the near wellbore region provokes permeability reduction and severe well productivity decline. The aims of this work are to investigate the kinetics of asphaltene deposition and to explore new ways to prevent asphaltene induced formation damage through avoiding asphaltene adsorption onto rock surface. Experiments were performed by injecting Weyburn, Hassi Messaoud and Arabian Light crude oils into sandstone cores. Asphaltene deposition takes place according to the scaling law of Diffusion Limited Deposition (DLD) and Shear Limited Deposition (SLD) regimes (capture efficiency proportional to shear rate at –s power law). The results demonstrated that above a lower critical shear rate, which depends on asphaltene aggregation state, the multilayer deposition kinetics is slowed down upon increasing injection flow rate. The dependence between deposition efficiency and shear rate switches from S = -2/3 (DLD) to -5/3 (SLD). We found that in the presence of an energy barrier the deposition efficiency power law becomes s=-2 in SLD. The results also put into evidence the existence of an upper critical shear rate value beyond which multilayer deposition is hindered. On the other hand, an innovative approach is proposed in order to avoid asphaltene adsorption, this approach consist in a dibloc copolymer adsorption onto porous media surface in order to mitigate asphaltene adsorption. In conclusion, the "colloidal approach" is a valuable route for asphaltene deposition modeling that can be used to develop a more realistic asphaltene near-wellbore damage model. The dibloc copolymer tested is an efficient way to diminish asphaltene induced formation damage
Babaa, Moulay-Rachid. "Contribution à l'étude de l'adsorption physique de gaz sur les nanotubes de carbone mono- et multiparois." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0239_BABAA.pdf.
Full textThis work is devoted to study of the adsorption of simple gases (Kr, Xe and CCl4) on single-wall and on multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Based on comparison of isotherms and heats of adsorption on nanotubes with those on planar graphite, we first determined the adsorptive sites and the influence of the nanotube curvature. We studied the effect of two nanotube opening techniques on their adsorptive properties and capacities. Comparison of the isotherms before and after mechanical opening of single-wall nanotubes allowed us to estimate the fraction of internal accessible surface and to evaluate the fraction of impurities introduced upon opening. We showed that the three gases should have different arrangements inside the tubes according to their diameter. Study of Kr adsorption on multi-wall nanotubes before and after opening using oxidation allowed determining the efficiency and influence of such treatment on the surface properties of the nanotubes as well as the oxidation mechanism
Sautel, Ghislaine. "Biofixation du cadmium par la bactérie Pseudomonas putida." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11381.
Full textBertin, Gilles. "L'immobilisation de l'atrazine par la matière organique des sols : une approche modélisée en conditions naturelles et au laboratoire." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10275.
Full textLuciani, Laurent. "Adsorption de molécules tensioactives du type alkylpoléthoxy sulfate de sodium à l'interface oxyde minéral - solution aqueuse." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30048.
Full textSaliba, Rima. "Sorption d'ions métalliques et de colorants sur biopolymères modifiés ou non : application à la dépollution." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10275.
Full textKurtz, Frederick C. "The mobility of malathion in a silt loam soil as affected by phosphate and naturally occuring organic acids." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40648.
Full textCoulibaly, Sandotin Lassina. "Abattement des phosphates des eaux usées par adsorption sur des géomatériaux constitués de Latérite, grès et schistes ardoisiers." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0065/document.
Full textWastewaters are often loaded in phosphate from human activities. The discharge of such wastewater without adequate treatment leads to rapid eutrophication of water bodies. The main of the present thesis was to characterize and investigate the removal efficiency of phosphate from water by natural geological material available in large amount in Ivory Coast. Ultimately, it has ambition to valorize geological material without mining interest for environmental purposes. For this research, the laterite, sandstone and shale were selected and prepared by mechanical crushing to obtain fine fractions below 80 µm. Detailed study to characterize these three rocks powder was performed, thus several mineralogical and physico-chemical properties were determinated by means of : X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), N2-adsorption/desorption techniques (BET), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), particle size distribution, cation exchange capacity and chemical analyses by atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Data shows high percentages of iron, aluminum and calcium oxides and oxyhydroxides for these three materials. This composition confer to the fine fraction the specific surface of 34; 4.7 et 16.5 m2/g for laterite, sandstone and shale respectively. In addition, the mineral structures of these materials reveal the presence of meso-and microporosity. These materials were then evaluated in the batch treatment of synthetic liquid effluents containing pure KH2PO4. The optimal dosage and equilibrium times were detected. After, isotherms were built at 20, 30 and 40°C. It was shown that phosphate affinity for the three absorbents is more important for laterite, sandstone and shale. The absorption process is strongly depends on pH. Phosphate retention rate on sandstone seem not to depend on temperature, on the other hand, those of laterite increase on the contrary way of the temperature and vice versa for schist. Several kinetic models (pseudo first order, pseudo second order, Elovich and diffusion models) were evaluated as well as thermodynamic parameters. Absorption reactions are perfectly described by the pseudo second order. Absorption equilibrium data allow defining interval where Langmuir and Freundlich model seems perfect. The proposed retention mechanism suggests the existence of two kinds of sites. DRIFTS analyses of adsorbents after adsorption revealed chemical interaction on adsorption process onto laterite and sandstone. This study demonstrated that laterite, sandstone and shale are an effective adsorbent for phosphate removal from aqueous solution. However, laterite shows a strong potentiality compared to the two others adsorbents
Giry, Géraldine. "Sorption de trois herbicides sur un sol limousin : influence de coadsorbats organiques." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0025.
Full textMoïse, Jean-Charles. "Equilibres de coadsorption du p-xylène et du m-xylène par les zéolithes x et y. Effet du cation compensateur, de la température et du taux d'hydratation de la zéolithe sur la sélectivité d'adsorption." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS069.
Full textBarbier, Frédérique. "Rétention du plomb(II) et du cadmium(II) par une barrière argileuse : transferts métalliques et influence de la complexation." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10256.
Full textMarsteau, Stéphanie. "Elimination du sulfure d'hydrogène par des tissus de charbon actif. Application au traitement d'air dans des locaux confinés." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10041.
Full textMomen, Gelareh. "Modélisation numérique et étude expérimentale du stockage de l'hydrogène dans des réservoirs à lit fixe adsorbants." Paris 13, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA132026.
Full textGarcía, Pérez Pascual. "Hétérocoagulation de poudres d’oxydes en milieu aqueux : étude d’un processus d’agglomération pour l’élaboration de sphères en suspension." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f3d0be72-fa17-42ac-8c31-c9334fa3fb3f/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4001.pdf.
Full textThis work is focused on the study of the interactions between two inorganic materials, alumina and silica. When the two partially dispersed suspensions of these two oxides are mixed, the surface charge with an opposed polarity produces an heterocoagulation process in a large range of pH. Nanoparticles of silica adsorb on the submicronic alumina surface. An adapted mass relationship between the two oxides destabilizes the system and agglomerates alumina. The application of a rotational movement to the suspension bottle increases the agglomerates size with time. The consolidation of the suspension leads to a very homogeneous distribution of spheres in terms of size and form. This process was extended to others raw materials like zirconia, silica or titanium oxide. Hollow spheres was also obtained