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Academic literature on the topic 'Phosphatic fertilisers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Phosphatic fertilisers"

1

McLaughlin, M. J., D. P. Stevens, D. G. Keerthisinghe, J. W. D. Cayley, and A. M. Ridley. "Contamination of soil with fluoride by long-term application of superphosphates to pastures and risk to grazing animals." Soil Research 39, no. 3 (2001): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00036.

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Fluoride (F) is an impurity in phosphatic fertilisers and significant amounts of F will be added to soils with long-term application of phosphatic fertiliser to soil. There is a risk that F concentrations in soil may increase to levels toxic to plants or grazing animals. If F added to soil remains in the upper soil profile, due to high reactivity with soil, grazing animals could increase their intake of F through inadvertent ingestion of F-enriched soil. This study determined the distribution of F in the soil profile of medium (>8 years) and long-term permanent pastures (>50 years) where F had been applied as an impurity in phosphatic fertiliser, and assessed the potential bioavailability of fertiliser F in soil. Long-term application of superphosphate was linked to increased concentrations of the more soluble fraction of F in soil. The more soluble F fraction in the soil surface led to increased F concentrations in herbage (from 11 to 22 mg F/kg). Fluoride concentrations in herbage were not high enough to be toxic to plants or grazing animals. Fluoride applied as an impurity in phosphatic fertiliser was generally found to accumulate in the upper soil profile (0–6 cm depth). Such increases could also increase F ingestion by ruminants through incidental soil ingestion while grazing. The risk of fluorosis to grazing animals is low at present, but with continued application of fertiliser to soil containing high concentrations of F, and depending on the bioavailability of fertiliser-derived F in soil, we estimate that fluorosis may become an issue in the next 25–50 years in highly fertilised pasture soils.

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Turner, J., and Marcia J. Lambert. "Long-term growth responses to phosphatic fertilisers in aPinus radiataplantation." Australian Forestry 78, no. 4 (August 17, 2015): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049158.2015.1071679.

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Bolan, N. S., and M. J. Hedley. "Developments in some aspects of reactive phosphate rock research and use in New Zealand." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 8 (1997): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96104.

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Summary. There has been over 50 years of use and research into the agronomic effectiveness of reactive phosphate rocks (RPR) directly applied to New Zealand pastures. In recent years RPR-carrying fertilisers made up about 16% of phosphatic fertiliser sales in the North Island of New Zealand. Most is applied, as maintenance fertiliser, to hill country sheep and beef farms. Use has been recommended on soils with pH <6 and in annual rainfall regimes >800 mm. This is based on the poor performance of Sechura phosphate rock in summer dry areas receiving <750 mm of rainfall annually. Phosphate rocks that have more than 30% of their total phosphate soluble in 2% citric acid have been classed as ‘reactive’ and suitable for direct application. More recent research indicates that extraction with 2% formic acid, or a dissolution test performed in a simulated soil solution at a fixed pH, will provide improved measures of RPR quality. Field trials, undertaken by the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries [MAF; now AgResearch Crown Research Institute (CRI)] and others, to evaluate the relative agronomic effectiveness of RPR versus soluble P fertilisers in adequate to marginally P-deficient soils have proven to be a painstaking task. Long periods (3–6 years) of fertiliser withdrawal were required for pasture growth on some soils to become significantly responsive to applied P. Only then did differences between P sources become significant. This problem has encouraged efforts to relate measurements of the extent of RPR dissolution in soils to their agronomic effectiveness. Three main modelling approaches have been used to achieve this objective: Kirk and Nye (1986a, 1986b, 1986c); Sinclair et al. (1993a); and Watkinson (1994b). These models are reviewed and their explanation of RPR dissolution in mowing trials tested. Components of each model have then been combined to produce models to predict the agronomic effectiveness of RPR. The development of P tests for soils receiving RPR-containing fertilisers is reviewed. Separate Olsen P test–yield response calibration curves are required for soils fertilised with soluble P fertilisers and soils fertilised with sparingly soluble P sources or soluble P in the presence of heavy lime applications. Whereas alkaline P tests such as Olsen or Colwell underestimate the amount of plant-available P in these soils, acid P tests such as Bray 1 are likely to overestimate the available P. Tests involving cation and anion exchange resin membranes appear to be more appropriate for soils with unknown histories of soluble P and RPR use and may permit the use of single calibration curves. Trends observed in Olsen P soil test values, from farms on the North Island of New Zealand that have a history (3–15 years) of RPR use are presented. A predictive dissolution model is used to explain these trends but it is evident that spatial and temporal variation in soil test results on farmers’ paddocks will be a major constraint to the precision to which this or similar models may be used. The model, however, may provide the basis for sound advice on the strategic use of RPR for direct application to New Zealand pasture soils. It may prove useful in explaining the variation in RPR effectiveness in a wider range of climates and soils.

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Nash, David M., and David J. Halliwell. "Fertilisers and phosphorus loss from productive grazing systems." Soil Research 37, no. 3 (1999): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s98087.

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This paper reviews phosphorus loss from productive high rainfall grazing systems. In particular it describes the processes occurring when phosphatic fertilisers are added to soil, the different pathways through which fertiliser and other nutrient sources may contribute to phosphorus losses, and an evaluation of the management strategies aimed at minimising phosphorus loss. It is now generally accepted that soil is not an endless sink for phosphorus uptake and that at the landscape scale the highest concentrations of phosphorus loss occur in surface runoff, followed by macropore flow and vertical matrix flow. However, loads of phosphorus lost through these pathways are unknown. The development of an understanding of the transport mechanisms and phosphorus species being transported is fundamental to developing management strategies that are effective in decreasing phosphorus losses from grazing systems.

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McLaughlin, M. J., P. G. Simpson, M. K. Smart, N. Fleming, D. P. Stevens, and G. Cozens. "Effect of fertiliser type on cadmium and fluorine concentrations in clover herbage." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 8 (1997): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96117.

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Summary. This study investigated whether changing phosphatic fertiliser type affects the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and fluorine (F) in pasture herbage. North Carolina phosphate rock, and partially acidulated fertilisers derived from this rock, generally have higher Cd and F concentrations compared with single superphosphate currently manufactured in Australia. Clover herbage from sites of the National Reactive Phosphate Rock trial was collected and analysed for concentrations of Cd (11 sites) and F (4 sites). A comparison was made between pastures fertilised with 4 rates of single superphosphate, North Carolina phosphate rock, and partially acidulated phosphate rock having Cd concentrations of 283, 481 and 420 mg/kg P respectively, and F concentrations of 170, 271 and 274 g/kg P respectively. One site used Hamrawein (Egypt) phosphate rock (HRP) having a Cd and F concentration of 78 mg Cd/kg P and 256 g F/kg P respectively. To help identify differences in herbage Cd concentrations between sites, unfertilised soils from each site were analysed for total and extractable Cd contents. At one site Cd concentrations in bulk herbage (clover, grasses and weeds) were related to infestation of the pasture by capeweed (Arctotheca calendula L. Levyns). There were no significant differences between F in herbage from plots fertilised with either single superphosphate, partially acidulated phosphate rock or North Carolina phosphate rock, or between sites. Concentrations of F in herbage were low, generally less than 10 mg/kg. However, there were large differences in Cd concentrations in herbage between sites, while differences between fertiliser treatments were small in comparison. The site differences were only weakly related to total or extractable (0.01 mol CaCl2/L) Cd concentrations in soil. Significant differences in Cd concentrations in clover due to fertiliser type were found at 5 sites. North Carolina phosphate rock treatments had significantly higher Cd concentrations in clover compared with single superphosphate at 2 sites. Partially acidulated phosphate rock treatments had significantly higher Cd concentrations in clover compared with single superphosphate at 4 sites. At the site where Hamrawein was tested, this treatment had significantly lower Cd concentrations in clover compared with both single superphosphate and North Carolina phosphate rock treatments.

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6

Chaudhry, M. Ghaffar, and Shamim A. Sahibzada. "Agricultural Input Subsidies in Pakistan: Nature and Impact." Pakistan Development Review 34, no. 4II (December 1, 1995): 711–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v34i4iipp.711-722.

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Pakistan has a history of subsidising agricultural inputs. Although none of the agricultural inputs were subsidised during the early 1950s, the process was initiated in the second half of the decade by subsidising chemical fertilisers in order to popularise their use [Niaz (1984)]. The list of subsidised inputs and the rate structure of the subsidies were expanded considerably throughout the Sixties. Towards the end of the Sixties, it was noted that almost all the agricultural inputs including fertilisers, insecticides, seeds, irrigation water, tubewell installations, and the operation and purchase of tractors and tractor-related equipment were subsidised in one form or another [Aresvik (1967) and Kuhnen (1989)]. In the 1970s, some curtailment of subsidies occurred as a result of input price increases which followed the worldwide recession, a major oil shock, the credit crunch, the war with India, and the consequent steep devaluation of Pakistani Rupee [Chaudhry (1982)]. Although the subsidies had survived the onslaught of the Seventies and tended to persist on most inputs, the government became totally committed to their removal beginning with the 1980s, under pressures from the IMF and the World Bank [Government of Pakistan (1980)]. As a consequence, there was a total withdrawal of subsidy from seeds, insecticides, tubewells, and tractors. A phased-out withdrawal of fertiliser subsidy, culminating in 1984-85 in the case of nitrogenous fertilisers and in 1989-90 in the case of phosphatic and potash fertilisers, was also to be undertaken [World Bank (1986)].

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7

Penm, Jammie H., and David P. Vincent. "SOME ESTIMATES OF THE PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND FOR PHOSPHATIC AND NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS." Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics 31, no. 1 (April 1987): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.1987.tb00461.x.

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8

Loganathan, P., and M. J. Hedley. "Downward movement of cadmium and phosphorus from phosphatic fertilisers in a pasture soil in New Zealand." Environmental Pollution 95, no. 3 (1997): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(96)00142-x.

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9

Rama Rao, S. V., and V. Ramasubba Reddy. "Relative bio-availability and utilisation of phosphatic fertilisers as sources of phosphorus in broilers and layers." British Poultry Science 44, no. 1 (March 2003): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0007166031000085274.

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10

Jones, HR. "Effect of different phosphatic fertilisers applied at sowing on the survival of inoculated Rhizobium trifolii and on the nodulation of clover." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 4 (1986): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860437.

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Dical-super, a new phosphatic fertiliser, had little or no effect on the survival of rhizobia when the fertiliser was mixed with inoculated seed of subterranean clover. Superphosphate reduced rhizobial survival when the inoculated seed was not protected by a seed coating of lime. When dical-super was sown in rows with inoculated clover seed into very acid soil (pH 4.6, 1:5, soil:water) additional lime (in the form of a lime coating on the seed) was needed to ensure good nodulation of the clover. When sown in a less acid soil (pH 5.3) no lime was needed. When superphosphate was the fertiliser applied at sowing, additional lime, as fertiliser and/or lime pelleting of the seed, was needed to obtain a high number of nodulated plants in the very acid soil. Lime pelleting only was needed in a less acid soil to obtain good crown nodulation.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phosphatic fertilisers"

1

Lewis, D. James. "Foliar-applied phosphate on potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) : factors affecting uptake by the leaves and the effects on growth and yield." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320528.

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Norrish, Shane A., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and School of Environment and Agriculture. "Soil and water interactions controlling wheat crop response to phosphorus fertiliser in north-western New South Wales." THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Norrish_S.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/613.

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This thesis examines the response to P fertiliser by wheat crops growing in the vertosol soils of the low rainfall areas of the northern grain zone of eastern Australia. Farmers in this region depend on water accumulated from rainfall over a fallow period and stored in the subsoil to increase wheat grain yield beyond that normally achievable from in-crop rainfall and to decrease the production risks due to rainfall variability. The large variability in stored water, seasonal rainfall and subsoil properties result in extremely varied yield and yield responses to P fertiliser between seasons and between sites. Finally, as a practical guide to predicting wheat response to P fertilizer: 1/. current sampling strategies of determining P only in the surface 10 cm appear to be adequate for soils with bicarbonate P concentrations greater than 15 mg/kg. 2/. For soils with lower concentrations in the surface, sampling of 80 cm is recommended. Crops with a mean concentration of bicarbonate P greater than 7 mg/kg between 10 - 80 cm are unlikely to respond to P fertiliser. 3/. No increase in profitable grain yield response was found for fertiliser applications greater than 10 kg P/ha.
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3

Javid, Shahid. "Residual effect of phosphate fertiliser measured using the Olsen method in Pakistani soils." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342535.

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Norrish, Shane. "Soil and water interactions controlling wheat crop response to phosphorus fertiliser in north-western New South Wales." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20051013.115006/index.html.

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5

Sattouf, Mamdoh [Verfasser]. "Identifying the origin of rock phosphates and phosphorus fertilisers using isotope ratio techniques and heavy metal patterns / Mamdoh Sattouf." Braunschweig : Bundesforschungsanst. für Landwirtschaft, 2007. http://d-nb.info/996740074/34.

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6

Di, Hong J. "Application of isotopic dilution methods to the study of the dissolution of phosphate fertilisers of differing solubility in the soil." Lincoln University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1792.

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An injection technique, in which undisturbed soil cores are labelled with ³²P to study dissolution of phosphate fertilisers in the soil, was evaluated in field and glasshouse trials. When ³²P was injected between 0-150 mm depths of the undisturbed soil columns and fertilisers applied at the surface, the amounts of fertiliser P dissolved, as measured by the increases in the exchangeable P pools, were overestimated. Three possible reasons were suggested: (i) the interaction between surface-applied fertiliser, ³²P injected through the whole soil column, and the vertical decline in root density, (ii) the decline of specific activity in the exchangeable P pool due to losses of ³²P to nonexchangeable P pools and continuous addition of P from fertiliser dissolution, and (iii) non-uniform distribution of ³²P vis-a-vis ³¹P phosphate. The injection technique may be employed to assess the effectiveness of phosphate fertilisers by introducing a concept, the fertiliser equivalent (FE). The FE is a measure of the amounts of soil exchangeable P that the fertilisers are equivalent to in supplying P to plants, when applied at the specific location. Soluble single superphosphate (SSP) applied at the surface of undisturbed grassland soil cores (Tekapo fine sandy loam), was much more effective than surface-applied unground North Carolina phosphate rock (NCPR) and 30% acidulated NCPR with phosphoric acid (NCPAPR) within the 56 day period of plant growth. An isotopic dilution method, based on tracer kinetic theory, was developed to study the rates of dissolution (F in) and retention (F out) of phosphate fertilisers in the soil in growth chamber experiments. The estimation of F in and F out required labelling of the soils with carrier-free ³²P and determination of the corresponding values of the specific activities of the exchangeable P pools, SA₁ and SA₂, and the sizes of the exchangeable P pools, Q₁ and Q₂, at times t₁ and t₂. Most of the phosphate in the monocalcium phosphate (MCP) solution entered the exchangeable P pool immediately after addition to the soils (Tekapo fine sandy loam and Craigieburn silt loam), and there was little further phosphate input. With increasing periods of incubation, the phosphate was quickly transformed to less rapidly exchangeable forms. In the soils treated with ground North Carolina phosphate rock (<150 µm, NCPR) or partially acidulated (30%) NCPR with phosphoric acid (NCPAPR), the initial exchangeable P pools were not as large as those in the soils treated with MCP, but were maintained at relatively stable concentrations for extended periods, due to the continuous dissolution of PR materials and to lower rates of pretention. An increase in P-retention caused a slight rise in the rate of PR dissolution, but also a rise in the rate of P-retention by the soil. The rate of dissolution was higher at a lower application rate in relative terms, but smaller in absolute terms. The trends in the changes of plant-available P in the soils, measured by the water extractable P, Bray I P and Olsen P, correspond to those predicted by the F in and F out values. The average rates of dissolution between 1-50 and 50-111 days estimated by the F in, however, were higher than those estimated by extractions with 0.5 M NaOH followed by 1 M HCl, and with 0.5 M BaCl₂/TEA. This is partly because the Fin values reflect a plant growth effect on PR dissolution. The relative agronomic effectiveness of NCPR and NCPAPR with respect to MCP was higher after 50 and 111 days of incubation than after 1 day. The F in values were included in all the two-variable models constructed by stepwise regression to describe the relationship between plant P uptake and soil measurements. The amounts of variation in plant P uptake accounted for by the regression model was significantly improved by including F in in the model. This indicates the importance of fertiliser dissolution rates in affecting soil P supply, when phosphate fertilisers differing in solubility are applied.

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Rose, Terry. "Deep-placed phosphate fertiliser improves phosphorus uptake and seed yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) in a Mediterranean-type climate." University of Western Australia. Dept. of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0237.

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In Mediterranean-type climates, topsoil frequently dries out during spring. Problems associated with reduced nutrient (P, K) availability in dry topsoil may be overcome by placing fertilisers deeper in the soil, where the soil is more likely to remain moist for longer periods as opposed to conventional fertiliser placement. Deep-P placement has resulted in significant yield improvements for lupin crops in Mediterranean environments because lupin crops generally require soil P supply during spring (throughout the flowering stage); in contrast, wheat yields have seldom improved with deep P placement, presumably because plants have accumulated sufficient P prior to spring (grain filling stage) for maximum grain yields. The P and K accumulation patterns of canola had not been investigated, and therefore any potential yield benefits of deep placed fertilisers were unknown. This study aimed to define the P and K demands of canola throughout the growing season, and assess the viability of deep placement of fertiliser in matching soil P and K supply to crop demand. The study further investigated the impact of deep placement of P fertiliser on root growth and distribution throughout the soil profile. Initial glasshouse studies compared the P and K accumulation patterns of several canola cultivars with wheat, and found that the P and K demand of canola continued until later into the season than wheat, but there was little difference in the P and K accumulation patterns of the various canola cultivars. Further experiments in sand culture determined that regardless of the level of K supply, canola plants had accumulated sufficient K for maximum seed yields by early flowering. Under high P supply, canola plants had accumulated enough P for maximum seed yields by early flowering, but when P supply during vegetative growth was just adequate, plants required a continual P supply until mid silique-filling to attain maximum yields. Because plants had accumulated sufficient K for maximum seed yields by early flowering (therefore topsoil drying in spring was unlikely to affect yields), further field experiments examined only deep placement of P fertiliser to improve P uptake and yields.

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Heshmati-Rafsanjani, Mohammad [Verfasser], and Ewald [Akademischer Betreuer] Schnug. "Comparative studies on the solubility of uranium and phosphorus in phosphate-fertilisers and their uranium transfer to plants / Mohammad Heshmati-Rafsanjani ; Betreuer: Ewald Schnug." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1175829714/34.

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Mupondi, Lushian Tapiwa. "Improving sanitization and fertiliser value of dairy manure and waste paper mixtures enriched with rock phosphate through combined thermophilic composting and vermicomposting." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/411.

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Thermophilic composting (TC) and vermicomposting (V) are the two most common methods used for biological stabilization of solid organic wastes. Both have their advantages and disadvantages but the proposed method of combining composting and vermicomposting (CV) borrows pertinent attributes from each of the two methods and combines them to enhance overall process and product qualities. Dairy manure and waste paper are two wastes produced in large quantities at the University of Fort Hare. The study was carried out to address the following specific objectives, to determine (i) the effectiveness of combined thermophilic composting and vermicomposting on the biodegradation and sanitization of mixtures of dairy manure and paper waste, (ii) an optimum precomposting period for dairy manure paper waste mixtures that results in vermicomposts of good nutritional quality and whose use will not jeopardize human health, (iii) the effectiveness of phosphate rock (PR) in increasing available P and degradation and nutrient content of dairy manure-paper vermicomposts, (iv) the physicochemical properties of vermicompost substituted pine bark compost and performance of resultant growing medium on plant growth and nutrient uptake. Results of this study revealed that wastes with a C: N ratio of 30 were more suitable for both V and CV as their composts were more stabilized and with higher nutrient contents than composts made from wastes with a C: N ratio of 45. Both V and CV were effective methods for the biodegradation of dairy manure and paper waste mixtures with C: N ratio of 30 but the latter was more effective in the biodegradation of waste mixtures with a C: N ratio of 45. The combinination of composting and vermicomposting eliminated the indicator pathogen E. coli 0157 from the final composts whereas V only managed to reduce the pathogen population. iv A follow up study was done to determine the effects of precomposting on pathogen numbers so as to come up with a suitable precomposting period to use when combine composting dairy manure-waste paper mixtures. Results of this study showed that over 95% of fecal coliforms, E. coli and of E. coli 0157 were eliminated from the wastes within one week of precomposting and total elimination of these and protozoan (oo)cysts achieved after 3 weeks of precomposting. The vermicomposts pathogen content was related to the waste’s precomposting period. Final vermicomposts pathogen content was reduced and varied according to precomposting period. Vermicomposts from wastes precomposted for over two weeks were less stabilized, less humified and had less nutrient contents compared to vermicomposts from wastes that were precomposted for one week or less. The findings suggest that a precomposting period of one week is ideal for the effective vermicomposting of dairy manure-waste paper mixtures. Results of the P enrichment study indicated an increase in the inorganic phosphate and a reduction in the organic phosphate fractions of dairy manure-waste paper vermicompost that were enriched with PR. This implied an increase in mineralization of organic matter and or solubilization of PR with vermicomposting time. Applying PR to dairy manure-waste paper mixtures also enhanced degradation and had increased N and P contents of dairy manure-waste paper vermicomposts. Earthworms accumulated heavy metals in their bodies and reduced heavy metal contents of vermicomposts. A study to determine the physicochemical properties of vermicompost substituted pine bark compost and performance of resultant growing medium on plant growth and nutrient uptake was done. Results obtained revealed that increasing proportions of dairy manure vermicomposts in pine bark compost improved tomato plant height, stem girth, shoot and root dry weights. v Tomatoes grew best in the 40 to 60% CV substituted pine bark and application of Horticote (7:2:1 (22)) fertilizer significantly increased plant growth in all media. Progressive substitution pine bark with dairy manure vermicomposts resulted in a decrease in the percentage total porosity, percentage air space whilst bulk density, water holding capacity, particle density, pH, electrical conductivity and N and P levels increased. Precomposting wastes not only reduced and or eliminated pathogens but also improved the stabilisation and nutrient content of dairy manure waste paper mixtures. The application of PR to dairy manure waste paper mixtures improved the chemical and physical properties of vermicomposts. Earthworms bio-accumulated the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn whilst the contents of these in the vermicomposts declined. It is, therefore, recommended that dairy manure waste paper mixtures be precomposted for one week for sanitization followed by PR application and vermicomposting for stabilization and improved nutrients contents of resultant vermicomposts. Substitution of pine bark compost with 40 to 60 % PR-enriched vermicompost produced a growing medium with superior physical and chemical properties which supported good seedling growth. However, for optimum seedling growth, supplementation with mineral fertilizer was found to be necessary.

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Chakwizira, Emmanuel. "Growth and development of 'Pasja' and kale crops grown with two methods and four rates of phosphorus (P) application : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters [i.e. Master] of Agricultural Science at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/929.

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*‘Pasja’ (Brassica campestris x napus) and kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.) were grown at Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand in 2008 with different levels of phosphorus (P) fertiliser. Banded or broadcast P fertiliser was applied at 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P/ha at establishment. Total dry matter (DM) production, the proportion of the leaf and stem and leaf area development were measured over time and related to the biophysical environment. For ‘Pasja’, final DM increased with P rate from 3730 kg DM/ha to ~4900 kg DM/ha at 60 kg P/ha. For kale the increase was from 8710 kg DM/ha for the control to ~11000 kg DM/ha for all P treatments. The leaf to stem ratio declined from 22-31 at 17 days after emergence to 10.4 at the final harvest for ‘Pasja’, which meant the crop was effectively made up mainly of leaf (~90%). The ratio for kale declined from 2.7 at 24 days after emergence to 0.64 at the final harvest. The leaf to stem ratio for both species did not respond to either the method of application or rate of P. Seedling DM accumulation increased with applied P over the first 10 to 17 DAE for ‘Pasja’ and kale respectively. The crops went from shoot growth priority to root growth. The phyllochron of both species was unaffected by P application but responded linearly to the temperature above 0°C. For ‘Pasja’ the phyllochron was 60°Cd compared with 109°Cd for kale. As a consequence ‘Pasja’ developed its canopy and reached critical leaf area index (LAIcrit) earlier than kale. Leaf area index (LAI) for the control crops of both species was lower than for P fertiliser treatments with a maximum of 3.6 for ‘Pasja’ and 3.8 for kale. There was no difference in leaf area indices among the P fertiliser treatments for ‘Pasja’, while kale LAI differed with the rate of P application up to 40 kg P/ha. Total accumulated intercepted solar radiation (RIcum) was 8 and 11% greater for ‘Pasja’ and kale crops respectively when P was applied compared with the control. Thus, the difference in total dry matter yield due to P application was attributed to the difference in RIcum. Neither the method of application or rate of P applied affected the radiation use efficiency (RUE) of either crop. For ‘Pasja’ the RUE was 1.1 g DM/MJ PAR and for kale 1.33 g DM/MJ PAR. Based on this research, it was concluded that P application increased RIcum as a result of increased LAI. The difference in total DM yield was attributed to differences in RIcum. It is recommended that farmers growing ‘Pasja’ and kale under similar conditions to this experiment should apply 40 kg P/ha for ‘Pasja’ and band 20 kg P/ha for kale. *‘Pasja’ is considered both as a species and cultivar in this document as it marketed as such in New Zealand. Technically ‘Pasja’ is a leaf turnip.

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Books on the topic "Phosphatic fertilisers"

1

FAI (NR)--PPCL Seminar: Importance of Phosphatic Fertilisers with Special Reference to Oilseeds and Pulses in Northern India (1988 Lucknow, India). Proceedings of FAI (NR)--PPCL Seminar: Importance of Phosphatic Fertilisers with Special Reference to Oilseeds and Pulses in Northern India, June 21-22, 1988, Lucknow. New Delhi: Fertiliser Association of India, Northern Region, 1988.

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Interim Report on Fertilisers: Assistance for the Consumption on Fertilisers; and Short Term Assistance for the Production of Phosphatic Fertilisers, March 15, 1985. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1985.

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3

Great Britain. Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food., ed. Phosphate fertilisers. Alnwick: Great Britain, 1987.

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Minimal national standards, straight phosphatic fertiliser industry. New Delhi: Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, 1986.

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Kauwenbergh, S. J. Cadmium and Other Minor Elements in World Resources of Phosphate Rock (Proceedings of the Fertiliser Society). International Fertiliser Society, 1997.

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Ristimaki, Leena. Comparisons Between Different Sources of Phosphate Applied Directly to Soil and Via Fertigation (Proceedings of the International Fertiliser Society S.). International Fertiliser Society, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Phosphatic fertilisers"

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Taylor, Matthew, Nick Kim, Geerd Smidt, Chris Busby, Sam McNally, Brett Robinson, Sylvia Kratz, and Ewald Schnug. "Trace Element Contaminants and Radioactivity from Phosphate Fertiliser." In Phosphorus in Agriculture: 100 % Zero, 231–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7612-7_12.

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George, D. G., and W. Davison. "Managing the pH of an Acid Lake by Adding Phosphate Fertiliser." In Acidic Mining Lakes, 365–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71954-7_20.

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Singh, Yamuna. "Recovery of Valuable Metals (Rare-Earths) from Phosphate Fertiliser Waste (Phosphogypsum)." In Innovations in Sustainable Mining, 139–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73796-2_9.

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Manoharan, V., P. Loganathan, and R. W. Tillman. "Effects of long-term application of phosphate fertilisers on soil acidity under pasture in New Zealand." In Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH: Principles and Management, 85–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0221-6_11.

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Hopmans, Peter, and David W. Flinn. "Long-term Response of Radiata Pine to Phosphate Fertiliser on a Strongly P-Fixing Soil." In Environmental Forest Science, 325–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5324-9_35.

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Simpson, Richard J., Rebecca E. Haling, and Phillip Graham. "Delivering improved phosphorus acquisition by root systems in pasture and arable crops." In Understanding and improving crop root function, 589–648. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2020.0075.26.

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Improving low efficiency of phosphorus (P) use in agriculture is an imperative because P is one of the key nutrients underpinning sustainable intensification of food production and the rock-phosphate reserves, from which P fertilisers are made, are finite. This paper describes key soil, root and microbial processes that influence P acquisition with a focus on factors that can be managed to ensure optimal use of fertiliser, and development of root systems for improved P acquisition. A case study describes grasslands in southern Australia where the P-balance efficiency of production is very low, mainly because soils are P deficient and moderately to highly P-sorbing. Use of soluble P fertiliser, P-banding and soil testing to guide soil P management ensures effective use of P fertiliser. Progress towards improved P efficiency using pasture legumes with high P-acquisition efficiency is outlined. Development of a ‘whole-of-system’ understanding for effective P acquisition by roots is highlighted.

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Dio Ishaya, Findimila, and Amanda Rasmussen. "Advances in understanding plant root growth regulators." In Understanding and improving crop root function, 69–98. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2020.0075.04.

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Global food production needs to increase by more than 60% by 2050 while concurrently reducing fertiliser applications to crops to reduce greenhouse emissions, production costs and environmental pollution. This chapter explores the role of hormones on nitrogen and phosphate uptake and responses. In particular it focuses on auxin, cytokinin and strigolactones in each nutrient condition and how they interact with each other to control root architectural responses. Past success with stay-green crop varieties, modified in cytokinin regulation of nitrogen remobilisation, demonstrates the real-world significance of a detailed understanding of hormone networks. The chapter also highlights current limitations in our understanding and exciting directions for the future.

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Simukanga, S., G. K. Nkonde, and V. Shitumbanuma. "Utilisation of Local Phosphate Deposits as a Fertiliser in Zambia." In Technology and Developing Countries, 123–33. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315037516-14.

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