Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases'
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Valet, Colin. "Rôles de la PI3 kinase de classe II alpha et de la PI3K de classe III, vps34, dans la production et les fonctions plaquettaires." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30032.
Full textMegakaryopoiesis is a highly specialised and complex process occurring in the bone marrow, by which megakaryocytes give rise to de novo circulating blood platelets. Megakaryocyte differentiation implies cytoplasmic and nuclear rearrangements regulated by intrinsic as well as extrinsic factors such as bone marrow microenvironment. Platelets play a critical role in preventing blood loss after vascular injury by orchestrating clot formation through mechanisms of adhesion, secretion and aggregation. These mechanisms are the three major steps of physiological haemostasis leading to the maintenance of vascular integrity. Firstly, my thesis work focused on characterizing the role of class II PI3K alpha isoform (PI3KC2a), class III PI3K (Vps34) and their common product the phosphatidylinositol 3 monophosphate (PI3P) in platelet production and function. Using a unique mouse model partially inactivated for PI3KC2a, I highlighted its key role in the production of a basal PI3P housekeeping pool in platelets. PI3KC2a partial inactivation affects platelet membrane skeleton composition leading to an abnormal platelet morphology, an enrichment of platelet with two cell bodies recently called "barbell-shaped proplatelets", an ex vivo defective thrombus formation and an in vivo delayed carotid occlusion following injury. Thus, PI3KC2a plays a major role in membrane structure and dynamics by maintaining membrane skeleton integrity, which is crucial for functional platelet production. On the other hand, Vps34 specific deletion in megakaryocyte/platelet lineage induced mild microthombopenia correlated to an abnormal megakaryocyte migration linked to an affected PI3P production as well as vesicular trafficking in megakaryocytes. In platelets, Vps34 plays a role in their activation by regulating PI3P production under stimulation, ex vivo thrombus growth and in vivo thrombotic capacity. Vps34 role in platelet independently from its role in megakaryocyte was confirmed using two recently developed inhibitors, SAR405 and INH1, which reproduced ex vivo thrombus growth defects. Therefore, Vps34 is critical for platelet production by megakaryocyte as well as platelet activation. Secondly, I studied the impact of bone marrow microenvironment on megakaryopoiesis and more specifically the crosstalk between medullar adipocytes and hematopoietic progenitors differentiating towards the megakaryocyte lineage. Using an in vitro coculture assay, I demonstrated that adipocytes enhanced megakaryocyte differentiation through a direct lipid transfer, in a non-energetic aim. In the context of obesity, increased marrow adipocity is associated to enhanced megakaryocyte differentiation and defective platelet production and lifespan leading to macrothrombopenia. Thus, bone marrow microenvironment through adipocytes impact directly on megakaryopoiesis and platelet production. Altogether my thesis work contributes to better understand platelet production and function, mechanisms regulated by intrinsic factors such as PI3KC2a and Vps34 as well as extrinsic factors like medullar adipocytes
Riojas, Ramon Alberto. "Characterization of PDK1 regulation and function in the insulin-stimulated PI3-kinase pathway : a dissertation /." San Antonio : UTHSC, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1372010131&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=70986&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textCox, Sian Sarah Eileen. "Characterisation of putative phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases in the parasitic protozoan giardia instestinalis." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498208.
Full textFos, Camille. "Etude de la signalisation P 13-kinase induite par le récepteur de costimulation ICOS au cours de l'activation lymphocytaire T." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX22012.pdf.
Full textInducible costimulator (ICOS) ligation in concert with TcR stimulation results in strong phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation in T lymphocytes. The ICOS cytoplasmic tail contains an YMFM motif that binds the p85α subunit of class IA PI3K, similar to the YMNM motif of CD28, suggesting a redundant function of the two receptors in PI3K signaling. However, ICOS costimulation shows greater PI3K activity than CD28 in T cells. We show in this report that ICOS expression in activated T cells triggers the participation of p50, one of the regulatory subunits of class IA PI3Ks. Using different T-APC cell conjugate systems, we report that p50α accumulates at the immunological synapse in activated but not in resting T cells. Our results demonstrate that ICOS membrane expression is involved in this process and that p50α plasma membrane accumulation requires a functional YMFM SH2-binding motif in ICOS. We also show that ICOS triggering with its ligand, ICOSL, induces the recruitment of p50α at the synapse of T cell/APC conjugates. In association with the p110 catalytic subunit, p50 is known to carry a stronger lipid kinase activity compared to p85α. Accordingly, we observed that ICOS engagement results in a stronger activation of PI3K. Together, these findings provide evidence that p50α is likely a determining factor in ICOS mediated PI3K activity in T cells. These results also suggest that a differential recruitment and activity of class IA PI3K subunits represents a novel mechanism in the control of PI3K signaling by costimulatory molecules
Pomerance, Martine. "Etapes précoces de la transmission du signal des facteurs de croissance : phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase et protéines serine/threonine kinases." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA11T008.
Full textBardet, Valérie. "Anomalies de la signalisation dans les leucémies aiguës myéloïdes." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077070.
Full textAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy resulting from a blockade of differentiation and abnormal proliferation of myeloid progenitor. Abnormal activation of several signal transduction pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Ras/MAPK and JAK/STAT has been reported in AML. In this work, we focused on the role of PI3K/Akt signaling abnormalities in the biology of AML. We identified an abnormal and constitutive activation of thé PI3K pathway in half of the blast cell'samples from patients with de novo AML at diagnosis. We pointed out the major role of the delta isoform of the p110 catalytic unit of PI3K. Using a specific inhibitor, IC87114, we were able to demonstrate that the PI3K pathway controls in our patients cell proliferation but not survival. This compound which has no toxicity or inhibitory effect on proliferation of normal progenitors, could therefore be of therapeutic interest associated with conventional chemotherapy. As activating mutations of another catalytic isoform, pHOalpha, were described in various solid tumors, we asked whether the abnormal activation of p110delta can be related with such mutations in p110delta. No mutation could be evidenced in the 42 patients tested, so it is unlikely that one activating mutation could be responsible for this abnormal activation. Moreover, we did not find any association with the genetic abnormalities frequently found in AML like mutated Flt3 or kit receptor or ras mutations. The PI3K activation present in our patients can possibly be due to auto or paracrine growth factor stimulation. We are currently evaluating the role of the IGF-1/1GF-1R System in this abnormal signaling. Using multicolor flow cytometry, we were able to identify in the positive samples, an immature blast cell population with the CD34+ CD38-/low CD123+ among the whole leukemic bulk that already harbored PI3K activation. These results suggest that targeted therapies could be of interest in AML whose prognosis remains poor
Mujalli, Abdulrahman. "Phosphoinositides in blood platelet : mapping of molecular species and evidence for a new localization and role of PI3P." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30110.
Full textPhosphoinositides (PIs) are membrane phospholipids that play a crucial role in controlling the spatiotemporal organization of many intracellular signaling pathways, actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, and vesicle trafficking. In platelet, the metabolism of PIs is highly active and generates, by the interplay of specific kinases, phosphatases and phospholipases, second messengers essential for platelet activation, in particular phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). The first part of the thesis concerns the study of the different molecular species (fatty-acyl composition) of 4 PIs classes (PI, PIP, PIP2 and PIP3) in resting and stimulated human and mouse platelets. This analysis, never realized previously, was possible thanks to a mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique, based on methylation of PIs phosphates groups with TMS- diazomethane. This study shows a rapid and transient increase in the 2 major molecular species of PIP3 during platelet stimulation with a different reactivity of human and mice platelets according to the used agonists (thrombin and CRP). Using mice models with selective deletion of PI3-kinases (PI3K) in the megakaryocyte lineage and specific PI3K inhibitor, I showed that the class I PI3Kß (p110ß) is the major isoform responsible for the production of the various molecular species of PIP3 in response to thrombin or CRP whereas class I PI3Ka (p110a) is weakly involved. The results also show a large variety of molecular species of PI while only 2 predominant molecular species for PIP, PIP2 and PIP3, both in humans and mice platelets despite very different diet. We show a significant difference in terms of PI, PIP and PIP2 molecular species metabolism in human and mice platelets during stimulation. In this study, we identified for the first time the presence of low-abundance molecular species of PIP2 but which increase significantly during platelet stimulation. This work constitutes the first comprehensive analysis of PIs molecular species and the changes in their actual mass during platelet stimulation. The second part of the thesis shows for the first time an atypical localization of phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (PI3P), in the outer leaflet of the platelet plasma membrane. I demonstrate that this minor lipid (about 10% of PIP), known to be intracellular and involved in vesicular trafficking, is also present at the surface of resting platelet. No other PIs could be detected in the outer leaflet of the platelet plasma membrane. This result was obtained using fluorescent probes binding specifically to PI3P and their mutated controls. Treatment of platelets with PI3P specific metabolizing enzymes (MTM1 and ABH) significantly reduced this particular pool of PI3P. Class II and III PI3K deficient mouse platelets showed a decrease in surface PI3P. Interestingly, this external pool of PI3P was able to mediate endocytosis of circulating PI3P- binding proteins, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Internalized specific PI3P probes were stored into platelets a-granules and could then be secreted during platelets activation. This study shows that PI3P acts as a receptor allowing endocytosis of specific plasma proteins
Gobin, Bérengère. "Approches thérapeutiques des ostéosarcomes par ciblage des activités kinases." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=38b2d404-a1cc-40e0-b8c7-038cf56a7994.
Full textOsteosarcoma is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor, characterized by osteoid production with or without osteolytic lesions. Despite recent improvements in chemotherapy and surgery, the survival rate remains unchanged for several years. Due to the lack of response to drugs and establishment of resistance there is an important need to explore new therapeutic approaches. During the last decade, biological and technological advances enabled the emergence of targeted therapies. These inhibitors are divided into 2 families (monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors of tyrosine kinase activities) and specifically target a key player in tumor development and show an increasing interest in targeting the tumor microenvironment. In this context, we are interested in small molecule inhibitors of tyrosine kinase activities: imatinib mesylate, an inhibitor of several tyrosine kinase receptors, NVP-BEZ235, an inhibitor of both PI3K and mTOR, and BYL719, a specific inhibitor of p110a subunit of PI3K enzyme. Our results showed direct in vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral effects of these inhibitors in several preclinical models of osteosarcoma. In addition, histomorphometric studies have shown the involvement of these inhibitors in targeting tumor angiogenesis. We were also able to demonstrate an impact of these drugs on bone biology. Taken together, these results highlight the therapeutic benefit of targeted therapy in osteosarcoma
Chen, Xi. "The role of PI3K and ERK/MAPK signal transduction cascades in long-term memory formation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6248.
Full textRojnuckarin, Ponlapat. "Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in megakaryocyte development /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9200.
Full textDufour, Cécilie. "Contrôle de l'apoptose des ostéoblastes : implication de la PI3K in vitro et in vivo." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077232.
Full textBone cells apoptosis plays an important role in osteoblastogenesis regulation. When apoptosis is disturb, this leads to several bone pathologies. The aims of the study is to identify a role for PI3K signaling first in cell apoptosis induced by FGFR2 activation in human osteoblast and then in skeletal unloading induced by tail suspension in rats. First, we show that FGFR2 activation leads to decrease PI3K protein levels, resulting in attenuation of PI3K and Akt signaling in osteoblasts due to increased Cbl-PI3K molecular interaction. This results in increased PI3K ubiquitination and proteasome degradation. FGFR2 activation increases FGFR2-Cbl interact in raft micro-domains. These results reveal a novel role for PI3K/Akt attenuation in the control of osteoblast survival by FGFR2 signaling. Then, we show that skeletal unloading induces rapid osteoblast apoptosis which is associated with downregulation of a5(31 integrin expression and subséquent alteration of PI3K-Bcl-2 survival pathway in rat bone. PI3K, which interact with FGF/FGFR signaling and with integrins, appears to be a key molecule implies in osteoblast survival
Tamburini-Bonnefoy, Jérôme. "Régulation des voies de signalisation P13K/Akt et mTOR dans les leucémies aiguës myéloïdes : implications physiopathologiques et thérapeutiques." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077179.
Full textIn acute myeloid leukemia (AML), aberrant activation of signal transduction pathways enhances the survival of leukemic cells. We showed that 50% of primary AML samples had a constitutive activation of -PI3K/Akt generally due to an autocrine IGF-1/IGF-1R loop. However, specific PI3K and ÏGF-1R inhibitors'only showed limited anti-leukemic activity. The specific inhibition of mTORCl by rapamycm induced an IGF 1-dependent overactivation of PI3K that limited thé anti-leukemic potential of rapamycm. This emphasized the potential benefit of dual PI3K and mTORCl inhibitors in AML. Surprismgly, the mRNA translation process was not controlled by mTORCl in AML, and rapamycm failed to reduce the expression of oncogenic proteins. The Pim-2 kinase was involved in this mechamsm suggesting a potential benefit for Pim-2 inhibitors in the future. We showed that directly targeting the translation initiating complex by the 4EGI-1 compound decreased AML cell survival while sparing normal hematopoiesis, suggesting other therapeutic perspectives in AML therapy. We also showed that mTOR controlled by complex phosphorylation events the translation regulator 4E-BP1 m AML, independently of mTORCl and mTORC2 Finally, we activated the LKB1/AMPK pathway using metformin, which represents a physiological repressor of mTOR activity. This molecule markedly impaired the translation of oncogenic mRNA and repressed the growth of AML cells. The present work therefore contributed to emphasize the oncogenic deregulation of mRNA translation as a valuable target m AML that could be inhibited using different physiologic-based approaches
Nemeth, Joseph. "Design and synthesis of chemical probes for the protein kinase B PH domain." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/572.
Full textFortin, Carl. "Régulation de la production de chimiokines induite par des stimuli inflammatoires chez les neutrophiles humains rôle des phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases (PI3Ks), des MAP kinase interacting kinases (MNKs), et de l'interleukine (IL)-18." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4316.
Full textRajurkar, Mihir S. "GLI-IKBKE Requirement In KRAS-Induced Pancreatic Tumorigenesis: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2014. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/753.
Full textRajurkar, Mihir S. "GLI-IKBKE Requirement In KRAS-Induced Pancreatic Tumorigenesis: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2011. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/753.
Full textVilledieu, Marie. "Etude de l'implication des voies de signalisation dans la chimiorésistance des cancers de l'ovaire et développement de stratégies chimio-sensibilisatrices." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN4063.
Full textLinassier, Claude. "Signalisation cellulaire par les enzymes de la famille des phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases : caractérisation d'un enzyme de classe III et recherche d'une application en cancérogenèse." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA11T062.
Full textPoser, Steven Walter. "Coincident signaling of cAMP with phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase and mitogen activated protein kinase signal transduction cascades : a role in regulating gene exression during development and synaptic plasticity /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10633.
Full textFabre, Stéphanie. "Implication de la voie P13-kinase/Akt/FOXO1dans le contrôle de la prolifération et de l'écotaxie des lymphocytes T." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077080.
Full textThe formation of an immunological synapse (IS) between a T-cell and an antigen-presenting cell induces a strong production of D3-phosphoinositides (3-PI) mediated quite exclusively by the sustained recruitment of class IA phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3K) at the contact zone. 3-PI rapidly overflow the whole T-cell membrane and regulate the localization and the activation of a wide range of proteins including the kinase Akt. This synthesis is a highly dynamic process, permanently balanced by 3-PI hydrolysis, largely catalysed by the 3-phosphatase PTEN. PTEN activity is essential to prevent the constitutive activation of the 3-PI dependent signaling pathways in resting T cells, but does not seem to be intrinsically regulated after T-cell stimulation. Nonetheless, antigenic stimulation triggers changes in the subcellular distribution of PTEN, which could affect this equilibrium. A role of PTEN in the IS formation is also suggested. I showed that PI3K activation triggers the Akt-dependent nuclear exclusion of the transcription factor FOXO1, one important regulator of T-cell quiescence, thereby allowing the initiation of antigen-induced T-cell proliferation. Additionally, it appears that FOXO1 also regulates specific target genes involved in the control of T lymphocytes circulation within the secondary lymphoid organs, like L-Selectin and sphingosin-1-phosphate receptors. FOXO1 also controls the transcription factor KLF2, another regulator of T-cell quiescence and trafficking. Thus, PI3K seems to initiate a network of signaling pathways and transcriptional regulations controlling both clonal expansion and T-cell homing. Two essential parameters of the immune response
Leleu, Xavier Pierre. "Etude de la voie PI3K/AKT dans les dysglobulinémie malignes : impact thérapeutique." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S035.
Full textLogan, Marisa Kay. "Activation of signal transduction pathways by monocyte chemotactic proteins-1, -2, -3 and -4 in the THP-1 monocytic cell line : regulation of CCR2 signalling cascades by phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases." Thesis, University of Bath, 2002. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760816.
Full textChapuis, Nicolas. "Dérégulation des voies de signalisation P13K/Akt et mTOR dans les Leucémies Aigües Myéloïdes." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077010.
Full textAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder, characterized by uncontrolled proliferation/survival of immature myeloid progenitors, blocked in their differentiation. Aberrant activation of multiple signalling pathways is frequently found in AML cells. However, a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to constitutive activation of these pathways is required to develop new targeted therapies in this disease. In this work, I investigated the implication in AML cells of both PBK/Akt and mTOR signalling pathways which are constitutively activated in respectively 50% and 100% of cases. I first demonstrated that the PBK/Akt deregulation is mostly due to an IGF1 autocrine production. I then observed that the specific inhibition of mTORCl with rapamycin induces an overactivation of PBK/Akt signalling du to the IGF-1 autocrine loop. I also demonstrated that concomitant inhibition of both PBK/Akt and mTORCl signalling pathways with compounds such as NVP-BEZ235, a dual PBK/mTOR inhibitor induce a promising anti-leukemic effect in vitro and could be use in clinical trials. Finally, I investigated the implication of FOXO proteins, which possess tumours suppressive functions. Interestingly, I observed that FOXO3a is constantly inactivated in AML cells, due to the constitutive activation of the IkB kinase. Réactivation of FOXO3a activity through IkB inactivation represents therefore another therapeutic strategy for AML. Altogether, this work clearly suggests that a better understanding of mechanisms leading to the deregulation o both PBK/Akt and mTOR pathways and their connexions is required to develop new targeted therapies in this disease
Gayral, Stéphanie. "Prolifération et différenciation des cellules musculaires lisses aortiques : implication des messagers phospholipidiques nucléaires." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077071.
Full textVascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) proliferation and migration are hallmarks of atherosclerosis development and postangioplasty restenosis. Recent studies highlight the existence of an autonomous nuclear lipid metabolism related to cellular proliferation and differentiation. However, the importance of nuclear phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Jn'sphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) metabolism is poorly understood. Therefore, we are interested in nuclear phosphatase and phospholipase identification which hydrolyse PI(3,4,5)P3 and PC respectively, in second messengers implicated in proliferative and differentiative signal pathways. For the first time, we identified active intranuclear 3- and 5-phosphatases PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten) and SHIP-2 (SH2 containing-inositol 5-phosphatase) in membrane-free nuclei isolated from pig aorta VSMC. On the other hand, we demonstrated that only PLDl is expressed in VSMC nuclei, while PLDl and PLD2 are present in VSMCs. Moreover, specific G-protein coupled receptor agonists, like lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induced an increase of intranuclear PLD activity, whereas tyrosine kinase receptor agonists have no significant effect. We also showed that LPA-induced nuclear PLDl activation implied PI3K/PKCζ pathway activation and PKCζ. Nuclear translocation as well as nuclear RhoA activation. Interestingly, we also demonstrated that PLDl is regulated during phenotypic modulation of VSMC. Thus, the characterization of an endogenous PI(3,4,5)P3 and PC metabolism inside VSMC nucleus, and their associated enzymes, provides new perspectives in the control of vascular fibroproliferative disorders
Fındık, Volkan. "Simulations atomistiques de la réaction d’acétylation d’amines et de l’inhibition covalente de l’enzyme Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0266.
Full textTargeted Covalent Inhibitors (TCIs) hold great promise for search of new drugs. They offer a number of potential advantages over traditional reversible inhibitors, such as extended residence time, increased potency, and the ability to make modifications for effective design. Kinase inhibitors are the most common examples of TCIs. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) enzymes are important drug targets in oncology as they are involved in the signaling pathway for many cellular functions such as growth control, metabolism and translation initiation. Lysine (Lys) residues have gained increasing interest as an alternative for targeted covalent inhibition. Recently, the first selective and irreversible inhibitors with ester groups as electrophilic head targeting the Lys779 residue and covalently inactivating the PI3Kδ enzyme were reported. The main objective of this thesis is to elucidate the mechanism of the covalent inhibition of PI3Kδ by these ester inhibitors in order to assist future design of new inhibitors with superior activities. Prior to the mechanistic studies on the enzyme, initially, we performed ab initio and DFT calculations on the model reaction between methylamine and methyl, phenyl and p-NO2 phenyl acetates in aqueous solution. The same model systems were then studied by the "dual-level" QM/MM molecular dynamics approach. For the “low-level” option, PM3/TIP3P umbrella sampling QM/MM simulations were applied for the sampling. The obtained structures were then used to obtain perturbative corrections to the free energy with a “high-level” QM region at the M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) level. The results show that thefirst step involves the formation of the zwitterionic tetrahedral intermediate. Then, for sufficiently electrophilic esters, such as the p-NO2 derivative, the reaction proceeds by dissociation of the zwitterion as an ion pair, followed by proton transfer leading to the formation of the expected products. We, then, employed similar computational tools to shed light on the mechanistic aspects of the enzyme. First, an active site model of the enzyme was built through classical molecular dynamics simulations. Then, ONIOM QM:QM approach at the M06-2X/6 -31+G(d,p):PM6 level was applied to get possible reaction mechanisms in this active site. These calculations guided us to refine the reaction mechanisms in enzyme environment which globally confirm the steps obtained from the small model system. We finally used this information to approach a dynamic QM/MM study on the enzyme using the same“dual-level” protocol established for the small model system, which allowed us to obtain the free energy profile of the inhibition mechanism of PI3Kδ for p-NO2 derivative of the ester inhibitor. The calculated barrier is in good agreement with the available experimental kinetic data, which validates the proposed theoretical approach and the obtained mechanisms. Through the elucidation of the inhibition mechanism of previously experimentally tested compounds, our study paves the way for the discovery of new inhibitors with improved activity with the help of theoretical chemistry tools
Park, Sophie. "Activation des voies PI3K/AKT et mTOR dans les LAM : thérapeutiques ciblées et Implication des facteurs de transcription FOXO dans la leucémogenèse." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077107.
Full textThe PI3K/AKT and mTORCI signaling pathways are frequently activated in AML. MTORd inhibition with RAD001 induces PI3K/AKT activation and both pathways are activated independently, providing a rationale for dual inhibition of both pathways. Pl-103 is a new potent PI3K/AKT and mTOR inhibitor. In blast cells, Pl-103 inhibits leukemic proliferation, the clonogenicity of leukemic progenitors and induces mitochondrial apoptosis, especially in the compartment containing the leukemic stem cells (LSC). Pl-103 has additive pro-apoptotic effects with etoposide in blast cells and in immature leukemic cells. Interestingly, Pl-103 does not induce apoptosis in normal CD34+ cells and has moderate effects on their clonogenic and proliferative properties. FOXO transcription factors have a key role in the control of cell survival. Intracellular localization of FOXO is regulated in part by phosphorylation by différent kinases, especially AKT. I have shown that the specific inhibition of PI3K activity in AML with IC87114, an inhibitor of the p110δ isoform, does not induce apoptosis, does not relocalize FOXOSa in the nucleus and does not induce FasL and Bim target genes expression. Moreover, my data supports the fact that the IKK complex is frequently activated in AML and probably represents the main kinase that controls the localization of FOXOSa in AML, even in AML samples with constitutive PI3K activation. Finally, these results do suggest that the specific targeting of the IKK activity in AML may induce apoptosis by inhibiting NF-KB translocation and by inducing FOXOSa localization in the nucleus
Adiko, Assi Aimé Cézaire. "Le rôle de la PI3Kinase gamma dans la fonction des cellules dendritiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC307.
Full textDendritic cells (DCs) have a major role in the immune system, being on the borderline between innate and adaptive immunity. Via their innate immune receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, they trigger an inflammatory response and via the antigen presentation by the class I and II major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), they activate the naive T cells. During my PhD, we have highlighted first several mechanisms by which DCs activate CD8 + T cells. Next, we described new mechanisms by which DCs control the inflammatory responses triggered by endosomal TLRs. We have shown that the p110 / p84 complex of PI3Kγ controls the presentation of immune complexes by facilitating the production of reactive oxygen species in type 2 conventional DCs and in monocyte-derived DCs. In parallel, we described the role of storage endosomes, a particular endosomal population, in the control of TLR9-driven inflammatory response. Finally, we contributed to the identification of the factors that regulate the dynamics of endosomes of storage in inflammatory DCs. All these results will help understanding the mechanisms that allow DC to be the best antigen presenting cell and to improve vaccination strategies or anti-tumor immunotherapy
Valls, Jimena Paola Hochmann. "Análise do impacto das proteínas E6/E7 de diferentes variantes moleculares de HPV-16 sobre as vias de transdução de sinal mediadas por MAPK." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5155/tde-21092016-084921/.
Full textPersistent infection with HPV-16 is strongly associated with risk of developing neoplasia in the uterine cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, anal canal and oropharynx. The detailed study of HPV-16 intra-typical nucleotide variability resulted in important findings regarding phylogeny and viral evolution, and the natural history of infections. Asian-American (AA) and E-350G variants of HPV-16 were associated with increased risk of persistent viral infection and development of cervical cancer compared to the European prototype (E-P or E-350T), although this variant still presents higher risk when compared to other viral types. More recently, functional differences between the E6/E7 proteins of distinct molecular variants of HPV-16 are being described, in order to explain the differences in the epidemiological associations observed. Data from our group pointed to increased transcription of the MEK2 gene specifically in primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) transducing E6/E7 of the E-350G variant. Consequently, the aims of this study were: 1) To examine the activation levels of effector proteins of the signal transduction pathways mediated by MAPK and PI3K/AKT in PHKs immortalized by E6/E7 of three different molecular variants of HPV-16 (AA, E-P, E-350G); (2) To analyze the effects of E6/E7 of different molecular variants of HPV-16 upon MAPK pathways concerning the induction of transcription factors; (3) To analyze the transforming potential of PHKs immortalized by different molecular variants of HPV-16, and in cooperation with the cellular protein c- MYC; (4) To analyze the potential of migration and invasion in PHKs immortalized by different molecular variants of HPV-16, and in cooperation with the cellular protein c- MYC. In this study we observed that the AA variant of HPV-16 induced higher activation of both signaling pathways studied (MAPK, and PI3K/AKT). Furthermore, this variant presented increased migration capacity, higher invasion through a collagen matrix, and greater transforming potential. Moreover, cells immortalized by the AA variant showed higher expression of the mesenchymal protein vimentin and a decrease of the epithelial protein E-cadherin, suggesting partial activation of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). In addition, when the c-MYC oncogene was co-transduced in the different cells lines infected with HPV-16 E6/E7, we observed that in PHKs immortalized by the AA variant there was also an enhanced activation of the MAPK-ERK pathway, a higher ability to migrate, and similar transformation potential in comparison with cells co-transduced with the E-350G variant and c-MYC. Taken together, this data suggest that the AA molecular variant of the HPV-16 has a selective advantage over the other variants to promote cell transformation, migration and invasion, and this could partly explain the higher prevalence of this variant in cervical cancer. The results generated in this study are very important to assess the impact of intra-typical variability of HPV-16 on the oncogenic potential observed in epidemiological studies
Foukas, Lazaros. "Defining the physiological role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase protein kinase activity." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397223.
Full textSun, Tong. "Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Influences Cell Motility and Chemotaxis by Regulating Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase Localization in Dictyostelium discoideum." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/807.
Full textSiragusa, Mauro. "Role of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinasey in Angiogenesis and Vasculogenesis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520205.
Full textMarquette, Amélie. "Signalisation et oncogenèse dans le mélanome." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0079.
Full textMelanoma, the most aggressive skin tumor, has become a major public health problem in many countries. Diagnosed early, it can be treated by surgical excision, but the prognosis for advanced melanoma is very poor because the tumor is resistant to all therapies used today. In order to develop new therapies to treat this tumor, we study the signaling pathways that play a major role in the proliferation, survival and differentiation of melanocytes and melanoma. These are the MAPK, PI3K pathway and the cyclic AMP (cAMP). We first demonstrated that some phosphodiesterases (PDEs; physiological inhibitors of cAMP pathway) are overexpressed in melanoma lines and thus inhibit the differentiation of these cells. Overexpression of PDEs is necessary for melanocyte transformation by oncogenic Ras when the reactivation of the cAMP pathway in melanoma lines inhibits their proliferation. These data suggest a therapeutic strategy that would aim to stimulate the differentiation of melanoma by reactivating the cAMP pathway could help to inhibit their proliferation. We have also shown that the protein kinase B-Raf, which is frequently mutated in melanoma, however, was inactivated in melanomas containing a mutation of Ras. We demonstrated that this inhibition was due to a downregulation of B-Raf by Erk substrate. Indeed, Erk phosphorylates B-Raf on its amino-terminal to prevent its interaction with Ras. This negative regulatory mechanism of B-Raf melanoma is forcing these lines to use isoform C-Raf. This work has implications for the treatment of melanoma. Indeed, if B-Raf is not used for the activation of MAPK in N-Ras mutated melanoma, the B-Raf inhibitors in clinical development will be ineffective in these cancers. We also demonstrated that a kinase inhibitor of B-Raf and C-Raf, which is in clinical development (Sorafenib), induces the activation of these kinases by heterodimerization in regulating their phosphorylation. These results reveal new mechanisms of regulation of proto-oncogene B-Raf and C-Raf, which could play an important role in the resistance of melanoma to Raf inhibitors, which are currently in clinical development
Scheid, Michael. "Phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase, an important element in survival signalling." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0024/NQ38976.pdf.
Full textMa, Kewei. "Investigation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway in B cells." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3818.
Full textShore, Angharad Mair. "Study of nuclear targets of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase in lymphocytes." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54332/.
Full textStamatkin, Christopher W. "PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3-KINASE (PI3K) AS A THERAPEUTIC TARGET IN NSCLC." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/58.
Full textJohnson, Erin Ellen. "Physiological Role of Vps34 Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in Mammalian Cells." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1115925989.
Full textHermelink, Antje. "Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [gamma] characterization of a protein-lipid interaction." Berlin dissertation.de, 2008. http://d-nb.info/994112912/04.
Full textWagey-Radjawane, Theophilia Ravenska Elizabeth. "A role of protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI 3-K) in motoneuron dysfunction." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61192.pdf.
Full textChakravarti, Sumone. "The cloning and functional characterisation of murine phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc4355.pdf.
Full textYau, Tien Yin. "Novel strategies for antagonizing the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase pathway in disease." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23966.
Full textLaqtom, Nouf Nasser Mohammad. "Regulation and function of miR-199-3p in murine and human cytomegalovirus infections." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8060.
Full textNavé, Barbara Theresa. "The role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in the stimulation of glucose transport." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627076.
Full textSaci, Abdelhafid. "Etude de la signalisation plaquettaire : implication de p120Cbl, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) et Grb2." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P605.
Full textBlood platelets are anucleated and terminaly differenciated cells. A number of receptors are present on platelet membrane and mediate signalling and activation in response to various agonists. The action of an agonist triggers an inside-out signalling which activates αIIb-β3 integrin. The latter becomes able to link fibrinogen and transduces a secondary outside-in signalling. We first studied the involvement of the adoptor protein, Cbl, and of the lipid kinase, PI 3-K, in platelet signalling mediated by (i) the receptor for Fc domain of IgG (FcγRIIa), (ii) by the αIIb-β3 integrin (outside-in) and (iii) by the thrombin receptor. .
Piessen, Guillaume. "Rôles des mucines MUC1 et MUC4 dans l'adénocarcinome de l'oesophage : études in vitro, ex vivo et dans un modèle animal de carcinogenèse induite." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S048.
Full textKeßler, Astrid Sabine. "Mutationsanalyse der Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase-Region des Ataxia-Telangiektatika-Gens beim sporadischen Mammakarzinom /." Inhaltsverzeichnis, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014185140&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textPham, Fong Hoa. "Regulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase pathway on cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270587.
Full textCurnock, Adam Peter. "The role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in human B cell growth and survival." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301792.
Full textPadmore, Lauren. "The role of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase in B cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318874.
Full textStreet, Andrew A. "Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signalling by the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417733.
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