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Journal articles on the topic 'Phosphorelays'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 15 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Alves, Rui, Baldiri Salvadó, Ron Milo, Ester Vilaprinyo, and Albert Sorribas. "Maximization of information transmission influences selection of native phosphorelay architectures." PeerJ 9 (June 10, 2021): e11558. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11558.

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Phosphorelays are signal transduction circuits that sense environmental changes and adjust cellular metabolism. Five different circuit architectures account for 99% of all phosphorelay operons annotated in over 9,000 fully sequenced genomes. Here we asked what biological design principles, if any, could explain selection among those architectures in nature. We began by studying kinetically well characterized phosphorelays (Spo0 of Bacillus subtilis and Sln1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae). We find that natural circuit architecture maximizes information transmission in both cases. We use mathemati

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2

Csikász-Nagy, Attila, Luca Cardelli, and Orkun S. Soyer. "Response dynamics of phosphorelays suggest their potential utility in cell signalling." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 57 (2010): 480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0336.

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Phosphorelays are extended two-component signalling systems found in diverse bacteria, lower eukaryotes and plants. Only few of these systems are characterized, and we still lack a full understanding of their signalling abilities. Here, we aim to achieve a global understanding of phosphorelay signalling and its dynamical properties. We develop a generic model, allowing us to systematically analyse response dynamics under different assumptions. Using this model, we find that the steady-state concentration of phosphorylated protein at the final layer of a phosphorelay is a linearly increasing, b

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3

Thomason, P., and R. Kay. "Eukaryotic signal transduction via histidine-aspartate phosphorelay." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 18 (2000): 3141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.18.3141.

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Transmembrane signal transduction is a feature common to all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. We now understand that a subset of the signalling mechanisms used by eukaryotes and prokaryotes are not just similar in principle, but actually use homologous proteins. These are the histidine-aspartate phosphorelays, signalling systems of eubacterial origin, now known to be widespread in eukaryotes outside the animal kingdom. Genome projects are revealing that His-Asp phosphorelays are present as multigene families in lower eukaryotes and in plants. A major challenge is to understand how these ‘nove

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Koppenhöfer, Sonja, and Andrew S. Lang. "Interactions among Redox Regulators and the CtrA Phosphorelay in Dinoroseobacter shibae and Rhodobacter capsulatus." Microorganisms 8, no. 4 (2020): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040562.

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Bacteria employ regulatory networks to detect environmental signals and respond appropriately, often by adjusting gene expression. Some regulatory networks influence many genes, and many genes are affected by multiple regulatory networks. Here, we investigate the extent to which regulatory systems controlling aerobic–anaerobic energetics overlap with the CtrA phosphorelay, an important system that controls a variety of behavioral processes, in two metabolically versatile alphaproteobacteria, Dinoroseobacter shibae and Rhodobacter capsulatus. We analyzed ten available transcriptomic datasets fr

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5

Chen, Y. Erin, Christos G. Tsokos, Emanuele G. Biondi, Barrett S. Perchuk, and Michael T. Laub. "Dynamics of Two Phosphorelays Controlling Cell Cycle Progression in Caulobacter crescentus." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 24 (2009): 7417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00992-09.

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ABSTRACT In Caulobacter crescentus, progression through the cell cycle is governed by the periodic activation and inactivation of the master regulator CtrA. Two phosphorelays, each initiating with the histidine kinase CckA, promote CtrA activation by driving its phosphorylation and by inactivating its proteolysis. Here, we examined whether the CckA phosphorelays also influence the downregulation of CtrA. We demonstrate that CckA is bifunctional, capable of acting as either a kinase or phosphatase to drive the activation or inactivation, respectively, of CtrA. By identifying mutations that unco

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6

Schaller, G. Eric, Joseph J. Kieber, and Shin-Han Shiu. "Two-Component Signaling Elements and Histidyl-Aspartyl Phosphorelays†." Arabidopsis Book 6 (January 2008): e0112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1199/tab.0112.

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7

Chauhan, Neeraj. "Two-component phosphorelays in fungal mitochondria and beyond." Mitochondrion 22 (May 2015): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mito.2015.03.003.

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8

Tierrez, Alberto, and Francisco García-del Portillo. "The Salmonella Membrane Protein IgaA Modulates the Activity of the RcsC-YojN-RcsB and PhoP-PhoQ Regulons." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 22 (2004): 7481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.22.7481-7489.2004.

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ABSTRACT The Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium membrane protein IgaA and the PhoP-PhoQ two-component system are used by this pathogen to attenuate the intracellular growth rate within fibroblasts. IgaA has also recently been shown to contribute to virulence by exerting tight repression of the RcsC-YojN-RcsB phosphorelay in host tissues. Here we show that loss of repression of the RcsC-YojN-RcsB system, linked to an R188H mutation in the IgaA protein (igaA1 allele), is accompanied by altered expression of PhoP-PhoQ-activated (pag) genes. The changes in gene expression were different depen

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9

Kothamachu, Varun B., Elisenda Feliu, Carsten Wiuf, Luca Cardelli, and Orkun S. Soyer. "Phosphorelays Provide Tunable Signal Processing Capabilities for the Cell." PLoS Computational Biology 9, no. 11 (2013): e1003322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003322.

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10

Knudsen, Michael, Elisenda Feliu, and Carsten Wiuf. "Exact analysis of intrinsic qualitative features of phosphorelays using mathematical models." Journal of Theoretical Biology 300 (May 2012): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.01.007.

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11

Karniol, Baruch, and Richard D. Vierstra. "The HWE Histidine Kinases, a New Family of Bacterial Two-Component Sensor Kinases with Potentially Diverse Roles in Environmental Signaling." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 2 (2004): 445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.2.445-453.2004.

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ABSTRACT Two-component signal transduction pathways play a major role in the response of bacteria to external cues. These pathways are initiated by large collection of histidine kinases (HKs) containing a sensor domain that perceives the environmental signal followed by an HK domain that triggers a histidine-aspartate phosphorelay. Previous phylogenetic analyses identified 11 major families of two-component HKs by comparing signature motifs within the HK domain. Here we describe a new family with homology to Agrobacterium tumefaciens BphP2, an HK first discovered by the presence of a phytochro

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Hnatuszko-Konka, Katarzyna, Aneta Gerszberg, Izabela Weremczuk-Jeżyna, and Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak. "Cytokinin Signaling and De Novo Shoot Organogenesis." Genes 12, no. 2 (2021): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12020265.

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The ability to restore or replace injured tissues can be undoubtedly named among the most spectacular achievements of plant organisms. One of such regeneration pathways is organogenesis, the formation of individual organs from nonmeristematic tissue sections. The process can be triggered in vitro by incubation on medium supplemented with phytohormones. Cytokinins are a class of phytohormones demonstrating pleiotropic effects and a powerful network of molecular interactions. The present study reviews existing knowledge on the possible sequence of molecular and genetic events behind de novo shoo

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13

Héricourt, François, Mélanie Larcher, Françoise Chefdor, et al. "New Insight into HPts as Hubs in Poplar Cytokinin and Osmosensing Multistep Phosphorelays: Cytokinin Pathway Uses Specific HPts." Plants 8, no. 12 (2019): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120591.

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We have previously identified proteins in poplar which belong to an osmosensing (OS) signaling pathway, called a multistep phosphorelay (MSP). The MSP comprises histidine-aspartate kinases (HK), which act as membrane receptors; histidine phosphotransfer (HPt) proteins, which act as phosphorelay proteins; and response regulators (RR), some of which act as transcription factors. In this study, we identified the HK proteins homologous to the Arabidopsis cytokinin (CK) receptors, which are first partners in the poplar cytokinin MSP, and focused on specificity of these two MSPs (CK and OS), which s

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14

Zelman, Alice K., and Gerald Alan Berkowitz. "Plant Elicitor Peptide (Pep) Signaling and Pathogen Defense in Tomato." Plants 12, no. 15 (2023): 2856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12152856.

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Endogenous signaling compounds are intermediaries in signaling pathways that plants use to respond to the perception of harmful and beneficial organisms. The plant elicitor peptides (Peps) of plants are important endogenous signaling molecules that induce elements of defense responses such as hormone production, increased expression of defensive genes, the activation of phosphorelays, and the induction of cell secondary messenger synthesis. The processes by which Peps confer resistance to pathogenic microorganisms have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis but are less known in crop plants.

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15

Williams, Corinne L., and Peggy A. Cotter. "Autoregulation Is Essential for Precise Temporal and Steady-State Regulation by the Bordetella BvgAS Phosphorelay." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 5 (2006): 1974–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01684-06.

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ABSTRACT The Bordetella BvgAS virulence control system is prototypical of phosphorelays that use a polydomain sensor and a response regulator to control gene expression in response to environmental cues. BvgAS controls the expression of at least three distinct phenotypic phases (Bvg−, Bvgi, and Bvg+) by differentially regulating the expression of at least four classes of genes. Among the loci regulated by BvgAS is bvgAS itself. We investigated the role of autoregulation in the ability of BvgAS to control multiple gene expression patterns in a temporal and steady-state manner by constructing Bo

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16

Wegener-Feldbrügge, Sigrun, and Lotte Søgaard-Andersen. "The Atypical Hybrid Histidine Protein Kinase RodK in Myxococcus xanthus: Spatial Proximity Supersedes Kinetic Preference in Phosphotransfer Reactions." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 6 (2009): 1765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01405-08.

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ABSTRACT Many proteins of two-component signal transduction systems (TCS) have domain structures that do not comply with a phosphate flow as observed in linear TCS, phosphorelays, or simple branched pathways. An example is RodK, which is essential for fruiting body formation in Myxococcus xanthus and, in addition to a sensor domain, consists of a kinase domain and three receiver domains (RodK-R1, -R2, and -R3), all of which are functionally important. We identified the RokA response regulator as part of the RodK pathway. In vitro the isolated RodK kinase domain engages in phosphotransfer to Ro

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17

AZUMA, Nobuhiro, Kyoko KANAMARU, Akinori MATSUSHIKA, et al. "In VitroAnalysis of His-Asp Phosphorelays inAspergillus nidulans: The First Direct Biochemical Evidence for the Existence of His-Asp Phosphotransfer Systems in Filamentous Fungi." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 71, no. 10 (2007): 2493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.70292.

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18

de Jong, Imke G., Jan-Willem Veening, and Oscar P. Kuipers. "Heterochronic Phosphorelay Gene Expression as a Source of Heterogeneity in Bacillus subtilis Spore Formation." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 8 (2010): 2053–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01484-09.

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ABSTRACT In response to limiting nutrient sources and cell density signals, Bacillus subtilis can differentiate and form highly resistant endospores. Initiation of spore development is governed by the master regulator Spo0A, which is activated by phosphorylation via a multicomponent phosphorelay. Interestingly, only part of a clonal population will enter this developmental pathway, a phenomenon known as sporulation bistability or sporulation heterogeneity. How sporulation heterogeneity is established is largely unknown. To investigate the origins of sporulation heterogeneity, we constructed pr

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19

Eswaramoorthy, Prahathees, Jeffrey Dinh, Daniel Duan, Oleg A. Igoshin, and Masaya Fujita. "Single-cell measurement of the levels and distributions of the phosphorelay components in a population of sporulating Bacillus subtilis cells." Microbiology 156, no. 8 (2010): 2294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.038497-0.

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Upon nutrient starvation, the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis switches from growth to sporulation by activating a multicomponent phosphorelay consisting of a major sensor histidine kinase (KinA), two phosphotransferases (Spo0F and Spo0B) and a response regulator (Spo0A). Although the primary sporulation signal(s) produced under starvation conditions is not known, it is believed that the reception of a signal(s) on the sensor kinase results in the activation of autophosphorylation of the enzyme. The phosphorylated kinase transfers the phosphate group to Spo0A via the phosphorelay and

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20

Ansaldi, Mireille, Cécile Jourlin-Castelli, Michèle Lepelletier, Laurence Théraulaz, and Vincent Méjean. "Rapid Dephosphorylation of the TorR Response Regulator by the TorS Unorthodox Sensor in Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 8 (2001): 2691–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.8.2691-2695.2001.

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ABSTRACT Induction of the torCAD operon, encoding the trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) respiratory system, is tightly controlled by the TorS-TorR phosphorelay system in response to TMAO availability. TorS is an unorthodox sensor that contains three phosphorylation sites and transphosphorylates TorR via a four-step phosphorelay, His443→Asp723→His850→Asp(TorR). In this study, we provide genetic evidence that TorS can dephosphorylate phospho-TorR when TMAO is removed. Dephosphorylation probably occurs by a reverse phosphorelay, Asp(TorR)→His850→Asp723, since His850 and Asp723 are both essential in t

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21

Freeman, Jeremy A., and Bonnie L. Bassler. "Sequence and Function of LuxU: a Two-Component Phosphorelay Protein That Regulates Quorum Sensing inVibrio harveyi." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 3 (1999): 899–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.3.899-906.1999.

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ABSTRACT Vibrio harveyi regulates the expression of bioluminescence (lux) in response to cell density, a phenomenon known as quorum sensing. In V. harveyi, two independent quorum-sensing systems exist, and each produces, detects, and responds to a specific cell density-dependent autoinducer signal. The autoinducers are recognized by two-component hybrid sensor kinases called LuxN and LuxQ, and sensory information from both systems is transduced by a phosphorelay mechanism to the response regulator protein LuxO. Genetic evidence suggests that LuxO-phosphate negatively regulates the expression o

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22

Bouchart, Franck, Gilles Boussemart, Anne-France Prouvost, et al. "The Virulence of a Dickeya dadantii 3937 Mutant Devoid of Osmoregulated Periplasmic Glucans Is Restored by Inactivation of the RcsCD-RcsB Phosphorelay." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 13 (2010): 3484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00143-10.

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ABSTRACT Dickeya dadantii is a pectinolytic phytopathogen enterobacterium that causes soft rot disease on a wide range of plant species. The virulence of D. dadantii involves several factors, including the osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) that are general constituents of the envelope of proteobacteria. In addition to the loss of virulence, opg-negative mutants display a pleiotropic phenotype, including decreased motility and increased exopolysaccharide synthesis. A nitrosoguanidine-induced mutagenesis was performed on the opgG strain, and restoration of motility was used as a screen. T

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23

Walker, Kimberly A., Lauren A. Griggs, Markus Obrist, Addys Bode, R. Patrick Summers, and Virginia L. Miller. "The YsrS Paralog DygS Has the Capacity To Activate Expression of the Yersinia enterocolitica Ysa Type III Secretion System." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 12 (2016): 1725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00240-16.

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ABSTRACTTheYersinia enterocoliticaYsa type III secretion system (T3SS) is associated with intracellular survival, and, like other characterized T3SSs, it is tightly controlled. Expression of theysagenes is only detected following growth at low temperatures (26°C) and in high concentrations of sodium chloride (290 mM) in the medium. The YsrSTR phosphorelay (PR) system is required forysaexpression and likely responds to NaCl. During our investigations into the Ysr PR system, we discovered that genes YE3578 and YE3579 are remarkably similar toysrRandysrS, respectively, and are probably a conseque

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Majdalani, Nadim, Michael Heck, Valerie Stout, and Susan Gottesman. "Role of RcsF in Signaling to the Rcs Phosphorelay Pathway in Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 19 (2005): 6770–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.19.6770-6778.2005.

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ABSTRACT The rcs phosphorelay pathway components were originally identified as regulators of capsule synthesis. In addition to the transmembrane sensor kinase RcsC, the RcsA coregulator, and the response regulator RcsB, two new components have been characterized, RcsD and RcsF. RcsD, the product of the yojN gene, now renamed rcsD, acts as a phosphorelay between RcsC and RcsB. Transcription of genes for capsule synthesis (cps) requires both RcsA and RcsB; transcription of other promoters, including that for the small RNA RprA, requires only RcsB. RcsF was described as an alternative sensor kina

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Hoch, James A. "Two-component and phosphorelay signal transduction." Current Opinion in Microbiology 3, no. 2 (2000): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-5274(00)00070-9.

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Varughese, K. "Molecular recognition of bacterial phosphorelay proteins." Current Opinion in Microbiology 5, no. 2 (2002): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-5274(02)00305-3.

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27

Sato, Naoto, Hiroyuki Kawahara, Akio Toh-e, and Tatsuya Maeda. "Phosphorelay-Regulated Degradation of the Yeast Ssk1p Response Regulator by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System." Molecular and Cellular Biology 23, no. 18 (2003): 6662–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.23.18.6662-6671.2003.

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ABSTRACT In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a phosphorelay signal transduction pathway composed of Sln1p, Ypd1p, and Ssk1p, which are homologous to bacterial two-component signal transducers, is involved in the osmosensing mechanism. In response to high osmolarity, the phosphorelay system is inactivated and Ssk1p remains unphosphorylated. Unphosphorylated Ssk1p binds to and activates the Ssk2p mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase, which in turn activates the downstream components of the high-osmolarity glycerol response (HOG) MAP kinase cascade. Here, we report a novel inactivation m

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28

Castanié-Cornet, Marie-Pierre, Kaymeuang Cam, and Annick Jacq. "RcsF Is an Outer Membrane Lipoprotein Involved in the RcsCDB Phosphorelay Signaling Pathway in Escherichia coli." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 12 (2006): 4264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00004-06.

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ABSTRACT The RcsCDB signal transduction system is an atypical His-Asp phosphorelay conserved in γ-proteobacteria. Besides the three proteins directly involved in the phosphorelay, two proteins modulate the activity of the system. One is RcsA, which can stimulate the activity of the response regulator RcsB independently of the phosphorelay to regulate a subset of RcsB targets. The other is RcsF, a putative outer membrane lipoprotein mediating the signaling to the sensor RcsC. How RcsF transduces the signal to RcsC is unknown. Although the molecular and physiological signals remain to be identif

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Farris, Carol, Sarah Sanowar, Martin W. Bader, Richard Pfuetzner, and Samuel I. Miller. "Antimicrobial Peptides Activate the Rcs Regulon through the Outer Membrane Lipoprotein RcsF." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 19 (2010): 4894–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00505-10.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica species are exposed to envelope stresses due to their environmental and infectious lifestyles. Such stresses include amphipathic cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs), and resistance to these peptides is an important property for microbial virulence for animals. Bacterial mechanisms used to sense and respond to CAMP-induced envelope stress include the RcsFCDB phosphorelay, which contributes to survival from polymyxin B exposure. The Rcs phosphorelay includes two inner membrane (IM) proteins, RcsC and RcsD; the response regulator RcsB; the accessory coregulator Rc

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Veening, Jan-Willem, Oscar P. Kuipers, Stanley Brul, Klaas J. Hellingwerf, and Remco Kort. "Effects of Phosphorelay Perturbations on Architecture, Sporulation, and Spore Resistance in Biofilms of Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 188, no. 8 (2006): 3099–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.188.8.3099-3109.2006.

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ABSTRACT The spore-forming bacterium Bacillus subtilis is able to form highly organized multicellular communities called biofilms. This coordinated bacterial behavior is often lost in domesticated or laboratory strains as a result of planktonic growth in rich media for many generations. However, we show here that the laboratory strain B. subtilis 168 is still capable of forming spatially organized multicellular communities on minimal medium agar plates, exemplified by colonies with vein-like structures formed by elevated bundles of cells. In line with the current model for biofilm formation, w

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Singleton, Charles K., Janet H. Kirsten, and Colin J. Dinsmore. "Function of Ammonium Transporter A in the Initiation of Culmination of Development in Dictyostelium discoideum." Eukaryotic Cell 5, no. 7 (2006): 991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00058-06.

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ABSTRACT The histidine kinase DhkC controls a phosphorelay involved in regulating the slug versus culmination choice during the multicellular developmental program of Dictyostelium discoideum. When the relay is active, slug migration is favored due to the activation of a cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase and the resultant lowering of the intracellular and extracellular levels of cAMP. Ammonia signaling represents one input into the DhkC phosphorelay, and previous studies indicated that the ammonium transporter C inhibits the relay in response to low ammonia levels. Evidence is presented that

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Hosoya, Shigeo, Kei Asai, Naotake Ogasawara, Michio Takeuchi, and Tsutomu Sato. "Mutation in yaaT Leads to Significant Inhibition of Phosphorelay during Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 20 (2002): 5545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.20.5545-5553.2002.

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ABSTRACT In the course of a Bacillus subtilis functional genomics project which involved screening for sporulation genes, we identified an open reading frame, yaaT, whose disruptant exhibits a sporulation defect. Twenty-four hours after the initiation of sporulation, most cells of the yaaT mutant exhibited stage 0 of sporulation, indicating that the yaaT mutation blocks sporulation at an early stage. Furthermore, the mutation in yaaT led to a significant decrease in transcription from a promoter controlled by Spo0A, a key response regulator required for the initiation of sporulation. However,

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33

Mizuno, T. "Molecular mechanism underlying His-to-Asp phosphorelay." Seibutsu Butsuri 40, supplement (2000): S111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.40.s111_1.

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Mizuno, Takeshi. "His-Asp Phosphorelay in Plant Hormone Responses." Journal of Pesticide Science 28, no. 4 (2003): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.28.489.

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35

Stephenson, Keith, and James A. Hoch. "Evolution of signalling in the sporulation phosphorelay." Molecular Microbiology 46, no. 2 (2002): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03186.x.

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Egger, Linda A., Heiyoung Park, and Masayori Inouye. "Signal transduction via the histidyl‐aspartyl phosphorelay." Genes to Cells 2, no. 3 (1997): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2443.1997.d01-311.x.

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Hoch, James A., and K. I. Varughese. "Keeping Signals Straight in Phosphorelay Signal Transduction." Journal of Bacteriology 183, no. 17 (2001): 4941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.183.17.4941-4949.2001.

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Hoch, James A., and Thomas J. Silhavy. "His–Asp Phosphorelay: Two Components or More?" Cell 85, no. 1 (1996): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81076-4.

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39

Perraud, Anne-Laure, Verena Weiss, and Roy Gross. "Signalling pathways in two-component phosphorelay systems." Trends in Microbiology 7, no. 3 (1999): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(99)01458-4.

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40

Mira-Rodado, Virtudes. "New Insights into Multistep-Phosphorelay (MSP)/Two-Component System (TCS) Regulation: Are Plants and Bacteria That Different?" Plants 8, no. 12 (2019): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120590.

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The Arabidopsis multistep-phosphorelay (MSP) is a signaling mechanism based on a phosphorelay that involves three different types of proteins: Histidine kinases, phosphotransfer proteins, and response regulators. Its bacterial equivalent, the two-component system (TCS), is the most predominant device for signal transduction in prokaryotes. The TCS has been extensively studied and is thus generally well-understood. In contrast, the MSP in plants was first described in 1993. Although great advances have been made, MSP is far from being completely comprehended. Focusing on the model organism Arab

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Bongiorni, Cristina, Ricarda Stoessel, and Marta Perego. "Negative Regulation of Bacillus anthracis Sporulation by the Spo0E Family of Phosphatases." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 7 (2007): 2637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01798-06.

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ABSTRACT The initiation of sporulation in Bacillus species is controlled by the phosphorelay signal transduction system. Multiple regulatory elements act on the phosphorelay to modulate the level of protein phosphorylation in response to cellular, environmental, and metabolic signals. In Bacillus anthracis nine possible histidine sensor kinases can positively activate the system, while two response regulator aspartyl phosphate phosphatases of the Rap family negatively impact the pathway by dephosphorylating the Spo0F intermediate response regulator. In this study, we have characterized the B.

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Lee, Myong Gyong, Jae Young Lee, Hyun Kyu Song, and Se Won Suh. "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ypd1p, a key intermediate in phosphorelay signal transduction." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 55, no. 6 (1999): 1219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444999004059.

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Ypd1p, a 167-residue protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, plays a key role in osmosensing phosphorelay signal transduction. It forms part of a multistep phosphorelay system which also includes Sln1p hybrid histidine kinase and two response regulators, Ssk1p and Skn7p. It has been overexpressed in soluble form in Escherichia coli with a His6-tag at its C-terminus. The recombinant protein has been crystallized at room temperature using ammonium sulfate and lithium sulfate as precipitants. Native diffraction data have been collected to 2.3 Å using synchrotron radiation. The crystals are triclin

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Brunsing, Ryan L., Chandra La Clair, Sharon Tang, et al. "Characterization of Sporulation Histidine Kinases of Bacillus anthracis." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 20 (2005): 6972–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.20.6972-6981.2005.

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ABSTRACT The initiation of sporulation in Bacillus species is regulated by the phosphorelay signal transduction pathway, which is activated by several histidine sensor kinases in response to cellular and metabolic signals. Comparison of the protein components of the phosphorelay between Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus anthracis revealed high homology in the phosphorelay orthologs of Spo0F, Spo0B, and Spo0A. The sensor domains of sensor histidine kinases are poorly conserved between species, making ortholog recognition tenuous. Putative sporulation sensor histidine kinases of B. anthracis were i

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Martinez-Wilson, Hector F., Rita Tamayo, Anna D. Tischler, David W. Lazinski, and Andrew Camilli. "The Vibrio cholerae Hybrid Sensor Kinase VieS Contributes to Motility and Biofilm Regulation by Altering the Cyclic Diguanylate Level." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 19 (2008): 6439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00541-08.

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ABSTRACT Phosphorelay systems are important mediators of signal transduction during bacterial adaptation to new environments. Previously we described the vieSAB operon, encoding a putative three-protein component phosphorelay involved in regulating Vibrio cholerae virulence gene expression. At least part of the regulatory activity of VieSAB is exerted through the cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP)-degrading activity of the putative response regulator VieA. So far no direct evidence that VieSAB encodes a phosphorelay system exists. In addition, the role VieS plays in modulating VieA activity remains

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Laubacher, Mary E., and Sarah E. Ades. "The Rcs Phosphorelay Is a Cell Envelope Stress Response Activated by Peptidoglycan Stress and Contributes to Intrinsic Antibiotic Resistance." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 6 (2008): 2065–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01740-07.

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ABSTRACTGram-negative bacteria possess stress responses to maintain the integrity of the cell envelope. Stress sensors monitor outer membrane permeability, envelope protein folding, and energization of the inner membrane. The systems used by gram-negative bacteria to sense and combat stress resulting from disruption of the peptidoglycan layer are not well characterized. The peptidoglycan layer is a single molecule that completely surrounds the cell and ensures its structural integrity. During cell growth, new peptidoglycan subunits are incorporated into the peptidoglycan layer by a series of e

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Andresen, Liis, Erki Sala, Viia Kõiv, and Andres Mäe. "A role for the Rcs phosphorelay in regulating expression of plant cell wall degrading enzymes in Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum." Microbiology 156, no. 5 (2010): 1323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.033936-0.

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The Rcs phosphorelay is a signal transduction system that influences the virulence phenotype of several pathogenic bacteria. In the plant pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) the response regulator of the Rcs phosphorelay, RcsB, represses expression of plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDE) and motility. The focus of this study was to identify genes directly regulated by the binding of RcsB that also regulate expression of PCWDE genes in Pcc. RcsB-binding sites within the regulatory regions of the flhDC operon and the rprA and rsmB genes were identified using DNase I

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Majdalani, Nadim, and Susan Gottesman. "THE RCS PHOSPHORELAY: A Complex Signal Transduction System." Annual Review of Microbiology 59, no. 1 (2005): 379–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.59.050405.101230.

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Sheen, J. "Phosphorelay and Transcription Control in Cytokinin Signal Transduction." Science 296, no. 5573 (2002): 1650–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1071883.

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Brown, Jason M., and Richard A. Firtel. "Phosphorelay signalling: New tricks for an ancient pathway." Current Biology 8, no. 18 (1998): R662—R665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-9822(07)00417-4.

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Cotter, Peggy A., and Allison M. Jones. "Phosphorelay control of virulence gene expression in Bordetella." Trends in Microbiology 11, no. 8 (2003): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(03)00156-2.

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