Relevant bibliographies by topics / Phosphorus filter

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Academic literature on the topic 'Phosphorus filter'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Phosphorus filter"

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Arias, C. A., H. Brix, and N. H. Johansen. "Phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater in an experimental two-stage vertical flow constructed wetland system equipped with a calcite filter." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 5 (September 1, 2003): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0279.

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Laboratory studies have indicated that calcite may be used in separate, exchangeable filter units in constructed wetland systems to remove phosphorus. Based on these studies we built a full-scale experimental constructed wetland with a calcite-based filter unit to study its performance, under real-life conditions. The system consists of a 2-m3 sedimentation tank and two vertical flow constructed wetlands. The system has three 0.09 m3 calcite filter-units to study phosphorus removal. The hydraulic loading rate varied between 1.7 and 6.2 m3/d. The residence time in filters ranged from 28 to 99 minutes. Overall the system removed 62 ± 18% of phosphorus. The removal in the calcite filter was initially good, but after three months all P-filters were saturated. The calcite increased pH by approximately half a unit and released calcium. A total of about 2.2 kg P/m3 calcite was removed by the filter. The first-stage bed receiving effluent from the sedimentation tank consistently removed phosphorus, whereas the second bed sometimes released phosphorus. The first order area-based removal rate constant for total-P in the vertical bed averaged 0.24 ± 0.20 m/d and was highly dependent on the loading rate. This shows that first order removal kinetics do not satisfactorily describe removal of phosphorus in vertical flow constructed wetland systems with unsaturated flow.
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Andersson, C., M. Tendaj, and M. Rothman. "Filtration at Bromma Sewage Treatment Plant." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1992): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0481.

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The requirements for purification of the sewage will be more stringent in Sweden. For the three plants in Stockholm - Henriksdal, Bromma and Loudden the proposed limit concentrations for BOD7, total phosphorus and total nitrogen are 10, 0.3 and 15 respectively. A limit value of 0.3 mg/l of phosphorus in the effluent will require a filtration stage. In this paper results are presented from filter tests at Bromma sewage treatment plant. The tests were carried out during almost two years and included operation of different types of sand dual-media downflow filters and an upflow filter. The filters were tested with respect to sludge accumulation capacity, suspended solids removal and phosphorus removal at different operation conditions including chemical precipitation in the filters.
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Banihashemi, Bahman, Robert Delatolla, Susan Springthorpe, Erin Gorman, Andy Campbell, Onita D. Basu, and Ian P. Douglas. "Biofiltration optimization: phosphorus supplementation effects on disinfection byproduct formation potential." Water Quality Research Journal 52, no. 4 (September 22, 2017): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2017.012.

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Abstract This study investigates the effects of phosphorus supplementation on the formation potential of total trihalomethanes (TTHMfp) and five species of haloacetic acids (HAA5fp) during exposure to clearwell disinfection contact times. In addition, the study investigates the effects of phosphorus supplementation on the dissolved oxygen, organic carbon and nitrogen removal along with biofilm coverage of the filter media and biomass viability of the attached biofilm. The uptake of total phosphorus in the P enhanced filter did not correspond to the consumption of readily assimilated nitrogen or the consumption of soluble carbon. As such, the dissolved organic carbon reduction in the biologically active filters was shown to not be phosphorus nutrient limited. The clearwell TTHMfp was shown to be reduced in all filters across all measured biological filtration times in the control and P enhanced filters. The HAA5fp increased with phosphorus-supplemented operation at specific filtration cycle times as compared to non-phosphorus-supplemented operation, indicating the potential for production of HAA5 with phosphorus supplementation. Enhanced biofilm coverage of the anthracite and sand media was observed during phosphorus supplementation. In addition, increased viability of the cells embedded in the biofilm was observed in the sand media at depth during phosphorus-supplemented operation.
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Scherrenberg, S. M., A. F. van Nieuwenhuijzen, H. W. H. Menkveld, J. J. M. den Elzen, and J. H. J. M. van der Graaf. "Innovative phosphorus distribution method to achieve advanced chemical phosphorus removal." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 9 (November 1, 2008): 1727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.535.

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Since November 2006 a large-scale research project has been carried out at Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Leiden Zuidwest (within the Rijnland District Water Control Board). This research focuses on advanced removal of nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen), heavy metals and priority hazardous substances from WWTP-effluent with different treatment techniques to reach an effluent quality, which could be required in the future by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC. Within the WFD-approach to guarantee an ecological and a chemical “good status” of the receiving water bodies, the focus is more and more on ultra low phosphorus concentrations in effluent. To be able to reach these stringent goals more insight into phosphorus components in effluent is required. A new method of distribution of phosphorus is used to determine orthophosphate, metal bound phosphorus, dissolved “organic” phosphorus and particulate “organic” phosphorus. This knowledge about the distribution of phosphorus makes it possible to compare different filter concepts and different process parameters, for example flocculation time, initial mixing energy and filtration rates. When comparing (filter concept 1) continuous sand filtration with (filter concept 2) dual media filtration for phosphorus removal, it appears that, a higher percentage of the formed metal bound phosphorus will pass the continuous sand filter. The ortho-phosphorus which is not bound to trivalent metal after coagulation will remain dissolved ortho-phosphorus and will pass the filter bed. This is shown in both filter concepts. The dissolved ‘organic’ phosphorus decreases after flocculation and the particulate ‘organic’ phosphorus increases which suggests that it may be colloidal or associated with colloidal material. With continuous sand filtration 50% of the particulate phosphorus is removed. In the dual media filter even 86% of the particulate phosphorus is removed.
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Scherrenberg, S. M., H. W. H. Menkveld, M. Bechger, and J. H. J. M. van der Graaf. "Phosphorus and nitrogen profile measurements to locate phosphorus limitation in a fixed bed filter." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 10 (November 1, 2009): 2537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.606.

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The European Union presented in 2000 the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Within the WFD approach the focus is more and more on ultra low nitrogen (<2.2 mg N-total/L) and phosphorus concentrations (<0.15 mg P-total/L) in waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. Nitrogen concentrations of 2.2 mg N-total/L can be reached with denitrifying filters as a tertiary treatment step. When combining nitrogen and chemical phosphorus removal in a filter, phosphorus limitation may occur. After nitrite accumulation, caused by phosphorus limitation, was measured in the filtrate water of the dual media filter, research was started to locate, to understand and to solve the problem. Profile measurements for nitrate, nitrite and orthophosphorus (PO4-P) combined with COD and O2 were conducted. Results show that the minimal required PO4-P/NOx-N ratio is 0.006 mg/mg after coagulation and flocculation. Profile measurements have proven to be a useful tool. It showed how nitrate and orthophosphorus are removed through the filter bed and it showed the consequences for the PO4-P/NOx-N ratio. When orthophosphorus is removed more rapidly compared to nitrate the PO4-P/NOx-N ratio decreases. When the PO4-P/NOx-N ratio becomes below 0.006 mg/mg for a certain period of time, orthophosphorus limitation occurs. The solution can be either changing the filter bed configuration or decreasing the coagulant dosage.
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Meng, Jin Feng, Li Ping Qiu, Jia Bin Wang, Kai Huang, Dong Wang, and Shou Bin Zhang. "Performance and Influencing Factors of Phosphorus Removal in Two BAFs with Artificial Crystal Seed Media." Advanced Materials Research 777 (September 2013): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.777.112.

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The phosphorus removal from low concentration phosphorus wastewater in two BAFs with different artificial crystal seed meida and the influence of HRT, Ca/P and pH on the treatment performance were investigated. The results showed that the artificial crystal media BAFs was more efficient than that of the current commercial filter media for phosphorus removal and recovery, and the suitable pH range of wastewater was also enlarged. When the initial phosphorus concentration was 10 mg/L, the optimum operational condition of steel slag base composite meida filter was HRT=30 min, n (Ca)/n (P)=1 and pH=8, as well as the optimum condition of water slag base composite media filter was HRT=60 min, n (Ca)/n (P)=2.5 and pH=8. XRD analysis showed that the reaction products of phosphorus removal by the two artificial crystal seed media filters were all hydroxy calcium phosphate, but its crystallinity was not high, which might due to the production of calcium carbonate in the reaction of phosphorus removal simultaneously.
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LeBlond, Guillaume, Patrick M. D'Aoust, Chris Kinsley, and Robert Delatolla. "Wastewater lagoon solids, phosphorus, and algae removal using discfiltration." Water Quality Research Journal 55, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 382–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2020.013.

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Abstract The microsieving discfilter technology was investigated at the pilot scale. The pilot was configured to treat the effluent from a municipal wastewater multi-lagoon facility consisting of two facultative lagoons and a third seasonally aerated lagoon that is aerated to mitigate hydrogen sulfide release. The 10 μm filter, operated without chemical enhancement, demonstrates 60.1 ± 22.6% removal of the lagoon effluent total suspended solids (TSS) during periods of operation without aeration of the third lagoon. Aeration of the third lagoon of the multi-lagoon system prior to discharge renders the 10 μm filter cloth ineffective with respect to solids removal. The 5 μm filter cloth performs effective nonchemically enhanced removal of solids even during aeration of the lagoon, removing 68.2 ± 9.85% of effluent TSS. The greater performance of the 5 μm filter was achieved at the expense of a lower maximum conveyance capacity than the 10 μm filter. The 10 and 5 μm filters decrease the effluent total phosphorus (TP) concentrations by 0.14 and 0.13 mg-P/L, respectively. Algae, characterized as Chlorophyll α, shows removal from influent concentrations of 10.25 ± 4.19 μg/L to concentrations of 4.61 ± 1.28 μg/L for the 10 μm filter, and 4.10 ± 0.65 μg/L for the 5 μm filter.
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Vilpas, R., and E. Santala. "Comparison of the nutrient removal efficiency of onsite wastewater treatments systems: applications of conventional sand filters and sequencing batch reactors (SBR)." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 7 (April 1, 2007): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.134.

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When domestic wastewater was treated with different onsite applications of buried sand filters and sequencing batch reactors, good organic matter removal was common and effluent BOD7 concentrations from 5 to 20 mg/l were easily achievable. For total nitrogen, effluent concentrations were usually between 20 and 80 mg/l. Good phosphorus removal, even using special adsorption or precipitation materials, was difficult to achieve and large variations occurred. The median effluent concentration of total phosphorus in the most successful sand filter application was less than 0.1 mg/l and other sand filters and SBRs had the median concentrations varying from 1.7 to 6.7 mg/l. These results are based on one year in situ monitoring of 2 conventional buried sand filters, 6 sand filter applications with special phosphorus adsorbing media within the filter bed, 5 sand filters with separate tertiary phosphorus filtration and 11 small SBRs of three different types. The study was carried out in southern Finland during 2003–05. The whole project included monitoring of more than 60 plants of 20 different treatment types or methods, used in normal conditions to treat domestic wastewater. Evaluation of the different systems was made by comparing the measured effluent concentrations. In addition the effluent concentrations were compared to the discharge limits calculated according to the new Finnish regulation.
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Juhna, T., and J. Rubulis. "Problem of DOC removal during biological treatment of surface water with a high amount of humic substances." Water Supply 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0076.

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Chemical precipitation in combination with biological treatment is a commonly used method for removal of turbidity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from drinking water. DOC is largely removed during biological treatment, which includes ozonation and filtration through a biologically active carbon (BAC) filter. Ozone converts humic substances into a biologically labile form that is mineralised by bacteria living in the following BAC filter. This study shows that this approach is often not efficient for removal of DOC from waters with a high amount of humic substances. During chemical treatment, the microbiologically available phosphorus is very efficiently removed, which results in shortages of phosphorus needed for bacteria to mineralise carbon in BAC filters. To enhance removal of DOC by biological treatment, addition of phosphorus prior to the BAC filters should be considered.
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Jonsson, Lena, Elzbieta Plaza, and Bengt Hultman. "Experiences of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in deep-bed filters in the Stockholm area." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0042.

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Experimental studies of nutrient removal in a discontinuous downflow two-media filter on a pilot plant scale are described and compared with previously reported results from a continuous upflow filter (DynaSand) studied at full scale. Under controlled conditions both filters show low effluent values of total nitrogen and phosphorus. Removal mechanisms were more complex in the discontinuous downflow filter owing to the use of two media, deposition of sludge on the filter surface, and changes of the biological activity over time after backwashing. The discontinuous downflow filter was much influenced by the formation of nitrogen gas bubbles clogging the filter, while the influence of nitrogen gas formation in the DynaSand filter was minor. Multivariate methods were used to evaluate factors influencing nitrate and phosphate removal and the time passing before the filter became clogged.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phosphorus filter"

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Gilbert, Jennifer. "Characterizing dissolved phosphorus transport through vegetated filter strips." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 209 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1597617901&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Lee, Dowon. "Simulation of phosphorus transport in vegetative filter strips." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77815.

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This study investigated the effectiveness of vegetative filter strips (VFS) in removing phosphorus from surface runoff. Dissolved and particulate nutrients were treated separately due to differing transport and removal mechanisms. Nutrient transport in VFS appears to be a function of runoff rate, concentration and size distribution of suspended solids, and biological factors that influence hydrologic and chemical processes in filter strips. Three sets of experimental field plots were constructed to simulate VFS. Each set consisted of three plots containing sediment and nutrient source areas and 0.0, 4.6, or 9.1 m grass filter strips. Artificial rainfall was applied to the plots, and surface runoff, soil, and plant material samples were collected and physically and chemically analyzed. The VFS reduced surface runoff, suspended solids, and phosphorus losses. Most removal of sediment and phosphorus was accomplished in the first few meters of the VFS. The filter strips did not remove phosphorus as effectively as sediment, due to their ineffectiveness for filtering dissolved phosphorus and sediment-bound phosphorus associated with fine particles. The VFS often increased orthophosphorus losses in surface runoff. Laboratory batch experiments of phosph~rus desorption reaction suggested that plant residues, living plant canopy, and soil components of the strips could release dissolved phosphorus to surface runoff. A modified Elovich equation and a diffusion-control model were used to describe the phosphorus release from the plant and soil materials. A computer model, GRAPH, was developed to simulate phosphorus transport in VFS by incorporating phosphorus transport submodels into the VFS model in SEDIMOT II, a stormwater and sediment transport model. The model considers the effects of advection processes, infiltration, biological uptake, phosphorus desorption from the soil surface to runoff, the adsorption of dissolved phosphorus to suspended solids in runoff, and the effects of dynamic changes in the sediment size distribution on chemical transport. GRAPH was verified using the results of the physical plot simulations. The model's predictions and observed phosphorus transport compared favorably. Sensitivity analysis suggested that sediment and phosphorus removal was sensitive to the input parameters in the order: filter length and width, grass spacing, and filter slope and surface roughness. Increased filter width and length and aboveground biomass increased orthophosphorus loss from VFS.
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Falconer, Haley Ryanne Watson. "Column filter studies phosphorus removal using biogenic iron oxides /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2009/H_Falconer_100709.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in environmental engineering)--Washington State University, December 2009.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Jan. 12, 2010). "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-53).
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Cucarella, Cabañas Victor. "Phosphorus recycling from wastewater to agriculture using reactive filter media." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Land and Water Resources Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4449.

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This thesis focused on testing the suitability of reactive filter media used for phosphorus (P) removal from wastewater as fertilizers, thus recycling P to agriculture. The work compared the P sorption capacity of several materials in order to assess their suitability as a source of P for plants. The selected materials (Filtra P, Polonite and wollastonite) were saturated with P and used as soil amendments in a pot experiment. The amendments tended to improve the yield of barley and ryegrass compared with no P addition. The amendments also increased soil pH, P availability and cation exchange capacity in the studied soils. The substrates studied here can be of particular interest for acid soils. Of the materials studied, Polonite appears to be the most suitable substrate for the recycling of P from wastewater to agriculture

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Cucarella, Cabañas Victor. "Phosphorus recycling from wastewater to agriculture using reactive filter media /." Stockholm : Mark- och vattenteknik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4449.

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González, Sánchez María Fernanda. "Separate treatment of wash water from sand filter using disc filter technology." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171843.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the convenience and effectiveness of using a disc filter to treat washing water from the sand filters at Sundet wastewater treatment plant. The disc filter is used aiming for the reduction of suspended solids and phosphorus. The study was divided in two main experimental stages. During the first stage laboratory jar-tests were performed in order to identify which flocculation aid was more suitable, this was further on used to improve the water treatment. Based on the laboratory trials results, two different polymers (1 and 2) were chosen to be tested at pilot scale. The second stage involved the pilot filter operation itself; this period was as well divided in two sub-stages where filter cloths with two different pore openings were tested. During the first sub-stage the pilot operated with an 18 μm pore opening filters cloth and both polymers. At the end of the first half polymer 1 showed to be more efficient and so it was further used throughout the second sub-stage in combination with a 10μm pore opening filter cloth. As from theoretical knowledge the phosphorus and suspended solid removal were expected to be between 75% and 90%, results which were achieved during both laboratory trials and pilot filter. The best results were observed with the 10μm pore opening filter cloth and polymer 1. Also, additional results from pilot trials performed at Sundet after the study period are presented.
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Nilsson, Charlotte. "Phosphorus removal in reactive filter materials : factors affecting the sorption capacity." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104730.

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Phosphorus is an essential component in all living organisms; it is one of the components of the DNA and the key element in the energy supplying molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Throughout the history, humans have been recycling phosphorus to agriculture; thereby increasing the yield, examples of this includes the burning of plants and the use of manure. Today, we rely on commercial fertilizers with high concentrations of phosphorus. The manufacturing of these products include extraction of phosphorus from phosphate rock. However, phosphate rock is a limited and non-renewable resource and the reserves are declining. The population on our planet in constantly increasing, hence the shortage of fertilizers would have consequences of catastrophic measurements, the most obvious being starvation. In order to avoid this scenario it is of uttermost importance to reuse the phosphorus that passes through our society and is subsequently released in the wastewater. The inadequate small-scale wastewater treatment facilities in Sweden of today are contributing with 20% to the release of phosphorus. By implementing the use of reactive filter materials in these systems, direct release of phosphorus to the recipient can be prevented. After a period of time these materials have to be exchanged, and they can thereafter be used as fertilizers, thereby re-cycling the phosphorus back to agriculture. The effectiveness of the reactive materials is affected by several parameters, such as pH, specific surface area, hydraulic properties of the material and the characteristics and distribution of the wastewater. In order to compare the phosphorus retention capacity in three different materials, two experiments utilizing septic-tank wastewater was conducted. The first was a pilot-scale-experiment that included Polonite and blast furnace slag (BFS) as filter materials. This experiment was conducted in two phases, using wastewater with high respectively low concentrations of organic matter. The study investigated the effect of organic matter on the phosphorus retention capacity in the materials; additionally the reduction of indicator bacteria (Enterococci) and organic matter (TOC) was studied. The second experiment was conducted at the laboratory, using wastewater with high concentrations of organic matter. In this study, the phosphate retention capacity in Polonite and Sorbulite was investigated in a re-circulatory system, where the treated wastewater was re-circulated back to the influent volume of water. The additional parameters investigated in this experiment were the removal of nitrogen and TOC as well as the retention of indicator bacteria (E. coli and Enterococci). The results showed that Polonite performed better compared to the other materials with regards to the removal of phosphate, total phosphorus and bacteria. Sorbulite had a higher removal rate of TOC and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) compared to Polonite, which in turn removed more TOC than BFS. Furthermore, both Polonite and BFS had a higher phosphorus retention capacity when using wastewater with low concentrations of organic matter. These two materials showed a higher percentage reduction of indicator bacteria when using wastewater with high concentrations of organic matter. However, since the results showed that the bacteria count in the effluent was lower when using wastewater with low concentrations of organic matter, the higher reduction rate was therefore ascribed to a higher concentration of bacteria in wastewater with high concentrations of organic matter. Therefore, the conclusion was drawn that low concentrations of organic matter is preferable also in respect of bacteria reduction. In order to ensure a high removal of phosphorus and bacteria, as well as to prolong the lifetime of the filter material, the wastewater should be pre-treated to obtain a BOD7 value below 20 mg L-1.

QC 20121109

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Hamisi, Rajabu. "Modelling phosphorus dynamics in constructed wetlands upgraded with reactive filter media." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207613.

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Developing low-cost and effective technologies to upgrade phosphorus (P) removal from the catchment runoffs and rural wastewater treatment facilities is one of the main research agendas to save the Baltic Sea from eutrophication. In Sweden, the construction of the constructed wetlands has been one of the environmental objectives for wastewater quality improvement in the small communities. However, the insufficiently understanding of the mechanisms underlying the process of phosphorus mobility and sorption in the constructed wetlands has limited design of the effective constructed wetlands. To provide the better understanding of sorption process in the catchment and constructed wetland system, this thesis used the GIS-based Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to predict phosphorus mobility and identify the critical diffusing sources of phosphorus loss in the Oxunda catchment (Paper I). Then, the study developed the three-dimensional numerical Reactive TRAnsPort Model (RETRAP - 3D) in the COMSOL Multiphysics® for evaluating the long - term sorption processes and removal efficiencies of the porous reactive media for upgrading the performance of constructed wetlands (Paper II and III). The latter model coupled many physics equations to solve process of water flow, reaction kinetics and solute transport in the porous reactive adsorbent media for application in the constructed wetlands. The data from the field measurements and column experiments have been used to demonstrate the model simulation accuracy to capture the process of phosphorus sorption in the real environment. Modeling results ranked the phosphorus removal efficiency of the adsorbent media as follows: Polonite® (88 %), Filtralite P® (85%), BFS (62%), Wollastonite (57 %). The satisfactory agreement which obtained between the simulated outputs and measured data confirmed that the SWAT and RETRAP-3D are useful tools for describing various processes in the complicated system. However, further study is required to generate and validate more experimental data to evaluate the sensitivity of local parameters.

This reserch project was finacially supported by Lars Erik Lundberg scholarship foundation for projectnumber (2015/34 and 2016/12), ÅkeochGreta Lissheds Stiftelsen for project number (2015-00026), J.Gust. Richert Stiftelsen and Ecopool researchproject for smart and sustainable environment. QC 20170523

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Rosenquist, Shawn E. "Development of the Urban Wetland Filter for Managing Phosphorus in Stormwater." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77328.

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Degradation of surface water quality by excess nutrients in stormwater is a substantial environmental and economic problem in the U.S. Phosphorus (P) is often the limiting nutrient for harmful algal blooms and the best target to prevent degradation. Natural treatment strategies such as constructed wetlands (CW) demonstrate effective and economical P management but obstacles exist to implementation. Biological P removal has large land requirements that limit the use of best management practices (BMP) in high land-value areas. Various BMP also utilize sorption processes (SP) for P removal but variations in performance and finite sorption capacity limit SP as a viable long-term removal strategy. However, by understanding variability and making sorption capacity renewable, SP could provide, with shorter retention times, a space-efficient, long-term removal strategy. This multi-study research program developed the urban wetland filter (UWF), a concept intended to overcome the unique limitations of high land-value areas to natural treatment strategies and provide a low-cost, easily implemented BMP to meet P management goals while harvesting sequestered P for use as a fertilizer. Experimental factors included substrate and influent properties pertinent to understanding performance variation and optimizing microbial iron (Fe) reduction for rejuvenation of sorption capacity. Regarding performance, modeling identified major sources of variability including, by order of importance, magnitude of a solution/substrate concentration gradient, length of the "antecedent dry period" between loadings, and pH. Field-scale results confirmed this multifactor dependence of P-removal while also supporting the inclusion of cast-iron filings in substrate to improve P removal. Regarding rejuvenation, results indicated that microbial Fe reduction is capable of releasing previously sequestered P from substrates. A sufficient carbon source was necessary, but microbial inoculation was not necessary to facilitate Fe reduction, which released most of the previously sequestered P, albeit more slowly than P sequestration. Field-scale results indicated that Fe reduction might occur faster under field conditions, possibly due to humic acids, and that inclusion of cast-iron filings enabled additional P removal after rejuvenation by providing a conservative source of Fe for the creation of new sorption sites; however, cast-iron filings may also limit the release of P during rejuvenation.
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Houston, Stephanie Chung-Pei-Hua. "Developing a Stormwater Pond Filter to Capture Phosphorus and Other Pollutants." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95908.

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Excess nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P), significantly contribute to anthropogenic eutrophication, which negatively impacts ecosystems, human health, and the economy. Traditional Best Management Practices (BMPs) such as wet retention ponds prevent eutrophication by acting as a sink for nutrients, but can become a source of pollutants if not properly monitored and maintained. A proposed solution is a standalone, multi-stage filter system that can attach to BMPs with standing water for targeted removal of excess nutrients and with the potential to recycle the filter media. The studies in this dissertation seek to address the feasibility of this solution through the following tasks: 1.) develop a tool that can identify ponds and locations within ponds with high total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, 2.) evaluate filter media that can remove P and can be recycled along with captured P, and 3.) develop a filter system that can remove pollutants in separate stages for the option to recycle certain pollutants. The studies focused primarily on P because the nutrient has the potential to be recycled if captured within the filter. Models developed in the first task showed that TP concentrations in the water were correlated with the pond outlet, pH of the water, and iron concentrations. TP concentrations in the sediment were correlated with the pond's length-to-width ratio and the concentration of aluminum and copper. For the second task, a batch experiment and measurements of physicochemical properties were conducted on four biochars (corn stover pyrolized at 400°C , corn stover pyrolized at 600°C, mixed hardwood, and rice husk). Results indicated that mixed hardwood biochar could sorb dissolved phosphorus (DP) above a solution concentration of 2.9 mg P/L. The properties that could allow this biochar to sorb DP were a smaller negative surface charge, high surface area, smaller concentration of elemental P, and more water-extractable cations. A laboratory-scale test of a three-stage filter system was performed as part of the third task. The filter effectively separated nitrogen and P in different stages, but did not separate lead from P. Median water quality parameters (pH, conductivity, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, carbon, iron) met U.S. EPA recommended limits, but some parameters violated the recommended limits at a few time points. These studies demonstrate that excessive pollutant concentrations exist in current BMPs, which can benefit from a filter system. The filter system has the potential to collect pollutants separately provided that the correct media mix and configuration is identified such that P can be more completely isolated and water quality parameters are met.
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Books on the topic "Phosphorus filter"

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Money, Nicholas P. 6. Microbial ecology and evolution. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199681686.003.0006.

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Many ecosystems are wholly microbial and the activities of microorganisms provide the biochemical foundation for plant and animal life. ‘Microbial ecology and evolution’ describes how plants depend upon the complex redox reactions of microbes that fertilize the soil by fixing nitrogen, converting nitrites to nitrates, enhancing the availability of phosphorus and trace elements, and recycling organic matter. Eukaryotic microorganisms are similarly plentiful and essential for the sustenance of plants and animals. Bacteria, archaea, and single-celled eukaryotes are the masters of the marine environment, harnessing the energy that supports complex ecological interactions between aquatic animals. Bacteria and archaea form 90% of the ocean biomass and surface waters are filled with eukaryotic algae.
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Book chapters on the topic "Phosphorus filter"

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Pearce, P. A. "Options for Phosphorus Removal on Trickling Filter Plants." In Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment V, 243–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72279-0_20.

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Abe, Y., K. Onisawa, K. Tamura, T. Nakayama, M. Hanazono, and Y. A. Ono. "Multi-Color Electroluminescent Devices Utilizing SrS:Pr, Ce Phosphor Layers and Color Filters." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 199–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93430-8_43.

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Wilhide, Wendell D., and Doris H. Ash. "Analysis of Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid and By-Product Filter Cake by X-Ray Spectrometry." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 221–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2471-3_33.

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Kesarwani, Ajay, O. S. Panwar, R. K. Tripathi, and Sreekumar Chockalingam. "Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphorus Doped Hydrogenated Silicon Films by Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc Technique." In Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 547–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03002-9_137.

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Tripathi, R. K., O. S. Panwar, Ajay Kumar Kesarwani, and Sreekumar Chockalingam. "Phosphorous Doped Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Carbide Films Deposited by Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc Technique." In Physics of Semiconductor Devices, 383–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03002-9_96.

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R. Bienek, Diane, Anthony A. Giuseppetti, and Drago Skrtic. "Amorphous Calcium Phosphate as Bioactive Filler in Polymeric Dental Composites." In Contemporary Topics about Phosphorus in Biology and Materials. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86640.

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van Santen, Rutger, Djan Khoe, and Bram Vermeer. "Our Planet." In 2030. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195377170.003.0011.

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Mahatma Gandhi supposedly once said: “It took Britain half the resources of the planet to achieve its prosperity. How many planets will a country like India require?” Translated to the world order of today, his question would be: “What if China would aspire to the standards of living of the United States?” Our planet is certainly flexible. A quarter of its surface has been plowed up, and its atmosphere, soil, and water have been fundamentally altered in many places. Humanity now extracts more nitrogen from the air than nature does, and we use more water than all the rivers put together. It’s a miracle that Earth’s systems have been able to withstand these interventions as effectively as they have. Many parts of the world are cleaner than they were a century ago. Pollutants like sulphur, nitrogen, and small particles are now routinely filtered from exhaust pipes and chimneys. We’ve mastered the problems of acidification and smog. But those were the easy tasks. The fact that we dealt with bad things in the past is no guarantee of a rosy future. Interference in our environment is too great for that. Humanity continues its assault on the planet. The toughest problems remain unsolved. The truth is that we are already consuming more than one Earth can support. Just as a company can spend more than it earns by selling its assets, we are eating into Earth’s capital, which was accumulated during thousands of years. In a report published by a group of leading scientists, it was concluded that we already have transgressed safe planetary boundaries in many respects. We already have surpassed the carrying capacity of Earth’s climate with a factor of 1.5, we are at a tenfold rate of bearable biodiversity loss, we extract four times more nitrogen from natural cycles than can be considered sustainable, and we are at the tolerable thresholds of the phosphorus cycle, ocean acidification, and stratospheric ozone depletion. Human civilization is out of kilter with the natural environment. We are using considerably more than one Earth. Many subsystems of Earth react in a nonlinear, often abrupt, way.
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McFarland, Ben. "Cracked Open and Knit Together by Oxygen." In A World From Dust. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190275013.003.0013.

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The happy insight that biology and geology meet through chemistry has been seen throughout this book when life and rocks interact. A chemical called water transformed this planet’s rocks and opened them to give life its elemental building blocks. The energy in the Earth became the energy in simple cells through chemical wheels. Sunlight split the water with the help of dissolved rocks, and the oxygen from that reaction brought yet more elements out of the rocks and into life. That insight addresses a long-standing mystery here. Long ago, the biggest biologi­cal change in the history of the planet created plant and animal life. What caused the seas to teem with weird new life? I think the periodic table connects that biological event to a previous global geological change. If so, then once again, chemical reactions opened up geology to provide new possibilities for biological complexity. Chemistry shaped the flow of geology and biology at once. The evidence for this connection is like something that happened with the ekko sculpture in northwest Scotland from Chapter 2 (Figure 2.1). After the sculpture had been built, an archaeologist dropped by and found incisions in ekko’s rocks. The archaeologist read the shape and depth of the incisions and concluded that the stones were older than everyone thought, and must have been used for a structure now lost. Like in ekko, there are “incisions” on the Earth made by massive geological processes. Geologists have read these and have concluded that a worldwide event altered the planet’s surface. This geological event was also a chemical event. Soon after, a profusion of fossils filled the rocks. This biological event was also a chemical event. The common denominator of chemistry connects the geology to the biology. The geological event provided chemicals that life used in new ways: especially oxygen, phosphorous, and calcium, resulting in new energy, shells, and signals for life. This hypothesis is that chemical availability drove the evolution of life, and that the periodic table shaped the timing of life’s greatest expansion.
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"minutes retention depending on the oil processed. Then, Synthetic silica hydrogels: Described in the immediately the oil is heated to 70°C, (158°F) to assist "breaking" the preceding section. emulsion and the mixture is passed through a primary (first) centrifuge. The general dosage of acid-activated bleaching earths is 0.3-0.6%, depending on the quality of the oil and bleach-In contrast, the short-mix process, developed in Europe, ing earth. Bleaching earths provide catalytic sites for de-is conducted at 90°C (84°F), uses a more highly concen-composition of oxidation products. Peroxide values (mea-trated caustic, and a mixing time and primary centrifuging sure of aldehydes) and p-anisidine values (precursors for time of less than 1 minute [135]. Less heat damage to the oxidative degradation) first rise and then decrease during oil and higher refining yield are claimed by advocates of bleaching. Bleaching processes used include atmospheric the long mix process. batch, vacuum batch, and continuous vacuum. Vacuum 4. Silica Absorption bleaching has the advantage of excluding air, partially by In traditional refining, oil from the primary centrifuge is vaporization of water in the earth, and is recommended. A washed with warm soft water to remove residual soap and typical vacuum bleaching process is 20-30 minimum at passed through a (secondary) centrifuge. The washed oil 100-110°C (212-230°F) and 50 mmHg absolute [135]. then is dried under vacuum. However, disposal of wash The reactions catalyzed during bleaching continue into water is increasingly becoming a problem, and the indus-the filter bed and are known as the "press bleaching ef-try is shifting to a modified caustic "waterless" refining fect." The reactive components of oil remain in the bleach-process. Soaps poison the adsorption sites of clays in later ing bed. Care should be taken to "blow" the filter press as bleaching operations and are removed by silica hydrogels. free of oil as possible and to wet the filter cake (which can The oil may be degummed with use of chelating acids, be very dusty) to prevent spontaneous combustion [137]. caustic neutralized, passed through a primary centrifuge, At this point, the product is RB ("refined, bleached") and may be partially vacuum-dried. Synthetic silica hy-oil. If the intended product is an oil, it can be sent to the de-drogels, effective in removing 7-25 times more phos-odorizer and become RBD. If solids are desired, the solids-phatides and soaps than clay on a solids basis, and for re-temperature profile of the oil may be modified by hydro-moving phosphorus and the major metal ions, is added genation, interesterification, or chill fractionation, alone or and mixed with the oil. By absorbing these contaminants in combination. first, the bleaching clay is spared for adsorbing chloro-6. Hydrogenation phyll and the oxidation-degradation products of oil Hydrogenation is the process of adding hydrogen to satu-[136-138]. rate carbon-to-carbon double bonds. It is used to raise try-5. Bleaching glyceride melting points and to increase stability as by jective of bleaching is to remove various contami-converting linolenic acid to linoleic in soybean oil [141]. A The ob lighter, "brush" hydrogenation is used for the latter pur-nants, pigments, metals, and oxidation products before the pose. oil is sent to the deodorizer. Removal of sulfur is especial-Most of the catalysts that assist hydrogenation are nick-ly important before hydrogenation of canola and rapeseed el-based, but a variety is available for special applications. oils. Flavor of the oil also is improved. As mentioned in the "Selectivity" refers to ability of the catalyst and process to preceding section, silica hydrogels will adsorb many of sequentially saturate fatty acids on the triglycerides in the these contaminants and spare the bleaching earth. Howev-order of most unsaturated to the fully saturated. For row er, earths are still used for these purposes in installations crop oils, perfect selectivity would be: that have not adopted hydrated silicas. Types of bleaching materials available include [136,139,140]: C18:3 C18:2 C18:1 Linolenic acid Linoleic acid Oleic acid Neutral earths: Basically hydrated aluminum silicates, sometimes called "natural clays" or "earths," and C18:0 fuller's earth, which vary in ability to absorb pigments. Stearic acid Acid-activated earths: Bentonites or montmorillonites, Although typical hydrogenation is not selective, it can be treated with hydrochloric or sulfuric acid to improve favored to a limited degree by selection of catalyst and by their absorption of pigments and other undesirable temperature and pressure of the process. Efficient hydro-components, are most commonly used. genation requires the cleanest possible feed stock (without Activated carbon: Expensive, more difficult to use, but of soaps, phosphatides, sulfur compounds, carbon monoxide, special interest for adsorbing polyaromatic hydrocar-nitrogen compounds, or oxygen-containing compounds) bons from coconut and fish oils. and the purest, driest hydrogen gas possible [140]." In Handbook of Cereal Science and Technology, Revised and Expanded, 361–73. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420027228-35.

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Conference papers on the topic "Phosphorus filter"

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BASTIENĖ, Nijolė, and Valerijus GASIŪNAS. "COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DITCH FILTERS WITH PHOSPHORUS SORBING CALCIUM BASED FILTER MATERIALS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.049.

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The aim of this paper was to evaluate the sorption capacity of calcium based filter materials (Polonite, Filtralite P and Hyttsand) under Lithuanian conditions. The results obtained from 16 months long ditch filters investigations showed that the efficiency of tested filter materials varies from 60 to 30 % on the average. The filter material Polonite was distinguished by highest reduction capacity of phosphorus, slightly less reduction was determined using Hyttsand and the least using Filtralite-P. The monitoring results confirmed that ditch filters have some ability to the retention of phosphorus and water purification. In total, ditch filters adsorbed about 96–208 g total phosphorus (TP) and 20–124 g phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) during the reporting period (January 2013 – May 2014).
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Pettersson, Anita, Bengt-A˚ke Andersson, Britt-Marie Steenari, Lars-Erik A˚mand, and Bo Leckner. "Leaching of Phosphorus From Ashes of Co-Combustion of Sewage Sludge and Wood." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78017.

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Municipal sewage sludge has a high concentration of phosphorus, which should be recovered because phosphorus is a limited natural resource. In this work, sewage sludge was co-fired with wood in a FBC boiler. The aim of the investigating was to study the solubility of phosphorus in the ashes, by leaching as an alternative to the phosphorous recovery method of using the ashes directly on farmlands. The fly ashes from the boiler’s secondary cyclone and bag filter were leached at various pH-values and the release of phosphorus was measured. Only acidic leaching was applied. The ashes precipitated with Al2(SO4)3 released nearly all phosphorus at a pH-value of 1, whereas the ashes precipitated with Fe2(SO4)3 did not release all phosphorus even at the very low pH of 0.5. The concentrations of phosphorous in the leachate must be compared with liquid phosphorus sources such as human urine or liquid animal manure used as fertilisers. This may result in that the leachate has to be processed further. A continuation of the work to investigate to what extent the leachate is contaminated with toxic trace elements is necessary.
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Sone, Tomoyuki, Toshiki Sasaki, and Hiromi Yamaguchi. "Reduction of Radioactive Secondary Waste With Steam Reforming in Treatment of Waste TBP/Dodecane." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7144.

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Waste tributyl phosphate (TBP) and normal dodecane generated from R&D activities on recycle of nuclear fuel has been stored in Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). If it is incinerated, a large quantity of contaminated phosphorous compounds will be generated as radioactive secondary wastes. The objective of this study is to reduce the generation of the radioactive secondary wastes by the treatment of the waste TBP/dodecane using steam reforming system. We constructed the demonstration scale steam reforming system which consists of a gasification chamber for vaporization of wastes, a metal mesh filter for removal of radioactive nuclides from gasified wastes, a combustion chamber, and scrubbers for removal of phosphorous oxides. We conducted process demonstration tests using waste TBP/dodecane with 0.07 g/L of uranium. We studied the temperature dependence of the gasification ratio of inorganic phosphorus compounds formed by pyrolysis of TBP in the gasification chamber and removal of uranium by the filter. As the results, more than 90% of phosphorus compounds were gasified from the gasification chamber at temperature of 600°C or more, and the uranium concentration in the waste water generated from the off-gas treatment system is under the detection limits. The waste water containing the separated phosphorus compounds can be discharged into the river or the sea as the liquid wastes in which uranium concentration is under the regulatory level. These results show the steam reforming system is effective in the reduction of radioactive secondary waste in the treatment of TBP/dodecane.
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Šarko, Julita, and Aušra Mažeikienė. "Investigation of Sorbents for Phosphorus Removal." In 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.620.

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Nowadays, the problem of water pollution with phosphorus compounds is especially important. Wastewater treatment plants do not always meet the strict requirements for the residual total phosphorus concentration – 1 mg/l in the treated wastewater. Usually individual wastewater treatment plants have a poorer removal of phosphorus from the wastewater because they are more sensitive to fluctuations in wastewater flow and environmental conditions. Research results in the scientific literature shows that only 30–50% of the phosphorus is removed from the wastewater by conventional methods. Additional wastewater treatment is recommended for higher phosphorus removal efficiency achievement. One of the ways to remove phosphorus from wastewater is filtration through sorbents filter media. The efficiency of three sorbents – Filtralite P, foam-glass and crushed shells to remove phosphorus from biologically treated wastewater is investigated in this article. A phosphate phosphorus concentration was reduced by filtering wastewater through sorbents filter media during the experiment. Concentrations of treated wastewater pollutants, filtration rate, efficiency of sorbents to remove phosphorus from the wastewater were measured and evaluated. Experiment results showed that phosphate phosphorus was effectively removed by Filtralite P sorbent (removal efficiency 97–98%), less effective were foam-glass (removal efficiency 66–95%) and crushed shells sorbents (removal efficiency 39–50%).
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Tabatadze, Nino, Rasa Vaiškūnaitė, and Aušra Mažeikienė. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF TERTIARY TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER USING ZEOLITE." In 22-oji jaunųjų mokslininkų konferencijos „Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis“ teminė konferencija APLINKOS APSAUGOS INŽINERIJA. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2019.015.

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Small individual household wastewater treatment plants not always operate well. Consequently, the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and phosphate phosphorus are exceeded. The aim of the work was to examine the zeolite as a wastewater tertiary treatment material and propose environmentally friendly ways to solve fresh water problem. During experiment zeolite filter material was tested. In the article is analyzed zeolite filtering efficiency of nutrient removal from wastewater. Zeolite filler most effective was against ammonium nitrogen (99.9–10.1%) and relatively less effective against phosphate phosphorus (51.2–4.9%).
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Wang, Junling, Yajun Zhang, Cuimin Feng, Huizhen Wang, and Lihua Wang. "Adsorption Capacity Comparison among Three Filter Media for Phosphorus." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5516223.

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Yi-Ming Kuo, Rafael Muñoz-Carpena, Yuncong Li, Kenneth L. Campbell, and and John E. Parsons. "Using Vegetative Filter Strips to Reduce Phosphorus Transport from the Phosphorus Mining Areas in Central Florida." In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.19809.

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Kasak, K., K. Karabelnik, M. Kõiv, P. D. Jenssen, and Ü. Mander. "Phosphorus removal from greywater in an experimental hybrid compact filter system." In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm110581.

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Young-Jin Kim, Larry D. Geohring, and Tammo S. Steenhuis. "Phosphorus Removal in Vegetative Filter Strips Receiving Milkhouse Wastewater and Barnyard Runoff." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.14002.

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Young-Jin Kim, Larry D. Geohring, and Tammo S. Steenhuis. "The fate of phosphorus from milkhouse waste discharged to a vegetative filter strip." In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.18950.

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Reports on the topic "Phosphorus filter"

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Lam, Yuen H. Performance Oriented Packaging (POP) Testing of M722 White Phosphorus (WP) Filled Body Assemblies for 60mm Mortar (208) Packed in a Wood Pallet Container. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada252816.

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