Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phosphorylation oxydative'
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Hébert, Chatelain Etienne. "Impact des phosphorylations sur tyrosine sur le métabolisme mitochondrial : régulation et impacts fonctionnels des phosphorylations induites par la Src kinase." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21830/document.
Full textMitochondria are implicated in several key cellular processes. They are producing most part of the energy that is consumed by the cell via oxidative phosphorylation processes (OXPHOS). Phosphorylation of different components implicated in OXPHOS are known to constitute an important regulation pathway of energetic production. The objective of this thesis was to understand how tyrosine phosphorylation induced by the Src kinase could influence OXPHOS. First, it was shown that Src kinase mediated phosphorylation can be regulated directly in mitochondria, inducing phosphorylation of several mitochondrial proteins and different effects on OXPHOS. I also demonstrated that Src kinase is also present in mitochondria of cancer cells where it can lead to phosphorylation of NADH-oxidoreductase. This phosphorylation site is associated with increase of OXPHOS which could be implicated in the establishment of global phenotype of cancer cells
Baritaud, Mathieu. "Etude de la dualité d’AIF, dans la mort cellulaire programmée indépendante des caspases via son partenaire yH2AX et dans la phosphorylation oxydative via les complexes et supercomplexes mitochondriaux." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066289.
Full textApoptosis inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial protein with two faces: a vital role in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and a death function in programmed cell death (PCD). On one hand, after cell death triggering, AIF is released from mitochondria and involved in a DNA degradation complex (degradosome) with histone H2AX and DNAse cyclophilin A. This complex is crucial in caspase-independent PCD mediated by DNA damage, named necroptosis. H2AX and its activated form γH2AX, phosphorylated on serine 139, had often been described in DNA repair. In this thesis work, we characterized this activated form in necroptosis induced by alkylating agent MNNG (N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine). Transduction of H2AX KO embryonic murine fibrobasts (MEF), with mutant forms of H2AX for serine 139 - non phosphorylable or phosphomimetic - demonstrated that γH2AX have a conformational role for degradosome activation and MNNG-induced necroptosis execution. With pharmacological and cellular approaches, we also demonstrated that kinases usually involved in DNA damage response also controlled necroptosis via H2AX activation by serine 139 phosphorylation. On the other hand, by using an innovative in vitro model of inducible MEF for AIF deletion, and many techniques as native electrophoresis, in-gel activity, oxygraphy, we confirmed the implication of AIF in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. For the first time, we also described the role of this mitochondrial flavoprotein, not only for complex I but also for mitochondrial supercomplexes formation
Alberge, Francois-Baptiste. "La localisation dynamique d'un complexe respiratoire module la respiration bactérienne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4031.
Full textBy providing the energy for the cellular metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is an essential process for most living organisms. In order to thrive, the efficiency of membrane respiratory chains which constitute the OXPHOS must be optimized. Thus it is important to address mechanisms by which the efficiency of the OXPHOS is regulated in response to varying metabolic needs.The question addressed during this PhD is the following: does it exist a specific organization of the OXPHOS components in prokaryotic membranes and does it contribute to the regulation of the OXPHOS process?I have investigated the spatio-temporal organization of a respiratory complex, the nitrate reductase NarGHI of the E. coli bacterium. After creating the tools needed to visualize submicrometrically this complex in the unique cell, I have shown the existence of a polar microcompartimentation during anaerobic respiration using fluorescence microscopy. I have demonstrated the dynamic subcellular organization of NarGHI in response to metabolic conditions. Anaerobiosis and a sufficient ∆pH are cues required to promote such cellular organization. Finally, I have demonstrated that polar microcompartimentation of the complex increases the electron flux and the efficiency of the associated respiratory chains.Overall, these results provide a novel view on OXPHOS in bacterial cells by demonstrating that spatio-temporal organization of a respiratory complex tunes the overall efficiency of the process in response to environmental cues
Boël, Mélanie. "Influence de la masse corporelle au sein du triptyque mitochondrial "oxygène, ATP et radicaux libres." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m68c9vmt.
Full textNowadays, the mechanisms underlying life history traits are complexed and not fully understood. Through their ability to generate cellular energy (ATP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heat, mitochondria impact individual performances (size, growth and survival) and life history traits of organisms. Body mass influences a lot of biological processes and structures at all biological scales. Thus, this thesis proposes, through an eco-physiological approach, to understand the link between mitochondrial bioenergetics and body mass, in order to provide a physiological basis for mammalian life history traits. The results obtained highlight the existence of a general allometric pattern in mammals. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption (O), ROS production and ATP synthesis, correlate negatively with body mass; whereas ratios between these different processes (ATP/O, ROS/O and ROS/ATP) are independent of body mass. Despite identical oxidation-phosphorylation coupling (ATP/O) between species, large mammals are more efficient, producing more ATP per oxygen consumed, compared to smaller ones. This capacity allows large mammals to allocate more energy to their individual performances and is explained by mitochondrial membranes that are less permeable to protons. The data also show that physiological constraints imposed by a very small body mass can lead to inconsistencies from one biological scale to another. Only at the cellular level, Mus mattheyi (≈ 5 g) presents a bioenergetics profile similar to that of a mouse four times heavier (Mus musculus, ≈ 20 g). Contrary to allometric expectations, M. mattheyi has low metabolic rates and high mitochondrial efficiency (ATP/O), allowing it to produce more ATP per oxygen consumed than a species of the same body mass. Finally, this thesis demonstrates that the dependence of ROS production on mitochondrial activity is similar between species. A reduction in maximum mitochondrial activity, beyond 70-75%, leads to a drastic increased of mitochondrial ROS production. The invariance of this threshold value and of the stoichiometry between bioenergetics processes (ATP/O, ROS/O and ROS/ATP), suggests a strong conservation of these mitochondrial parameters during evolution
Bertaux, Audrey. "Influence du métabolisme mitochondrial dans l'hématopoïèse : Analyse de la réponse adaptative des cellules de la moelle osseuse et des thymocytes au dysfonctionnement de l’OXPHOS." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS040/document.
Full textBy integrating different biochemical pathways and generating energy in form of ATP, through the electron transfer associated to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondria play a key role in cellular metabolism. In the hematopoietic cells, the mitochondrial metabolism appears implicated in proliferation, differentiation, activation and self-renewal regulation. In this context, the aim of my PhD work was to unravel the response of bone marrow (BM) cells, B-cells and thymocytes to OXPHOS dysfunction. To do that, we have developed two original hematopoietic cell-specific murine models deficient in the mitochondrial proteins AIF or NDUFS4. Severe (AIF KO) or moderate (NDUFS4 KO) OXPHOS dysfunction leads to pleiotropic consequences on hematopoietic development, including pancytopenia, BM aplasia, alterations in the development of the B-cell and erythroid lineages and T-cell developmental blockade at the immature stage. Strikingly, in response to OXPHOS dysfunction, BM cells stimulate anaerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial biogenesis, whereas thymocytes favor the assimilation and degradation of fatty acids. Overall my work, which included in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro approaches, underlines the relevance of OXPHOS and mitochondrial metabolism in the development of the hematopoietic cells
Sztark, François. "La mitochondrie : une cible pour les agents anesthésiques. Effets des anesthésiques locaux sur les oxydations phosphorylantes." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28522.
Full textRoucou, Xavier. "Etude des flux de potassium sur les mitochondries isolées de la levure Saccharomyces Cerevisiae : effet du potassium sur les phosphorylations oxydatives." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28424.
Full textHeiske, Margit. "Modeling the respiratory chain and the oxidative phosphorylation." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21965/document.
Full textLes mitochondries sont l’usine à énergie de la cellule. Elles synthétisent l’ATP à partir d’une succession de réactions d’oxydo-réduction catalysées par quatre complexes respiratoires qui forment la chaîne respiratoire. Avec la machinerie de synthèse d’ATP l’ensemble constitue les oxydations phosphorylantes (OXPHOS). Le but de ce travail est de bâtir un modèle des OXPHOS basé sur des équations de vitesse simples mais thermodynamiquement correctes, représentant l’activité des complexes de la chaîne respiratoire (équations de type Michaelis- Menten). Les paramètres cinétiques de ces équations sont identifiés en utilisant les cinétiques expérimentales de ces complexes respiratoires réalisées en absence de gradient de proton. La phase la plus délicate de ce travail a résidé dans l’introduction du gradient de protons dans ces équations. Nous avons trouvé que la meilleure manière était de distribuer l’effet du gradient de proton sous forme d’une loi exponentielle sur l’ensemble des paramètres, Vmax et Km pour les substrats et les produits. De cette manière, j’ai montré qu’il était possible de représenter les variations d’oxygène, de ΔΨ et de ΔpH trouvés dans la littérature. De plus, contrairement aux autres modèles, il fut possible de simuler les courbes de seuil observées expérimentalement lors de la titration du flux de respiration par l’inhibiteur d’un complexe respiratoire donné.Ce modèle pourra présenter un très grand intérêt pour comprendre le rôle de mieux en mieux reconnu des mitochondries dans de nombreux processus cellulaires, tels que la production d’espèces réactives de l’oxygène, le vieillissement, le diabète, le cancer, les pathologies mitochondriales etc. comme l’illustrent un certain nombre de prédictions présentées dans ce travail
Freyssenet, Damien. "Influence de l'état énergétique sur le métabolisme mitochondrial de la cellule musculaire." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET001T.
Full textDevin, Anne. "Contrôle et régulation du métabolisme énergétique dans le foie de rat : influence de l'osmolarité, relations entre nucléotides nicotiniques et adényliques." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28528.
Full textKERNEC, FLORENCE. "Exploration fonctionnelle de la creatine kinase sur mitochondries isolees de muscle squelettique de rat en spectrometrie rmn 31p (doctorat : genie biologique et medical)." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN1B024.
Full textGaignard, Pauline. "Métabolisme mitochondrial cérébral chez les mâles et les femelles : rôle des stéroïdes endogènes et effet de la progestérone après ischémie transitoire focale." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T029.
Full textBesides the reproduction control, sex steroids also act on nervous system and exert neuroprotective effects. The mitochondria are centrally involved in cellular energy synthesis and oxidative stress regulation and constitute a potential target of steroids effects on brain. The aim of our study was twofold: (1) to study the influence of endogenous steroids on brain mitochondrial function in physiological conditions ; (2) to determine the effects of progesterone on mitochondrial function when used as therapeutic agent in an experimental model of cerebral ischemia. To analyze the influence of endogenous sex steroids, the oxidative phosphorylation system (oxygen consumption or “respiration” and enzymatic activities) and mitochondrial oxidative stress (glutathione pool and mitochondrial aconitase oxidative inactivation) were analyzed in brain mitochondria of young adult male and female mice (3-month-old), intact and after gonadectomy, and of aged male and female mice (20-month-old). Our results showed that young adult females have lower oxidative stress and a higher NADH-linked respiration rate as compared to young adult males. This sex difference was suppressed by ovariectomy but not by orchidectomy and no longer existed in aged mice. Concomitant analysis of brain steroids suggest that the major male/female differences in brain pregnenolone and progesterone levels may contribute to the sex differences observed in brain mitochondrial function.We have also shown that the decrease of brain mitochondrial respiration induced by ischemia is different according to sex in our experimental model. The NADH-linked respiration decreased after ischemia in males and female but a decrease of FADH2-linked respiration only occurred in females. Ischemia induced oxidative damages in both males and females. Progesterone restored NADH-linked respiration in both sexes and FADH2-linked respiration in females. Progesterone also preserved mitochondrial glutathione pool in both sexes. Our findings point to a sex difference in brain mitochondrial function of young male and female mice and identify the oxidative phosphorylation system and the mitochondrial oxidative stress as targets of the neuroprotective effects of progesterone
De, Paulis Damien. "Régulation des fonctions mitochondriales dans la cardioprotection : spécificité du rat." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858772.
Full textDaouphars, Mikaël. "Mécanismes d'action des AINS en relation avec la prolifération cellulaire et l'apoptose." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0258_DAOUPHARS.pdf.
Full textVahlas, Zoï. "Régulation métabolique de l'infection des cellules T CD4 par VIH-1 : vers de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT009.
Full textThe susceptibility of CD4 T cells to HIV-1 infection is regulated by glucose and glutamine metabolism, but the relative contributions of these nutrients to infection are not known. During my PhD, I identified glutaminolysis as a major pathway fueling oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in activated naïve as well as memory CD4 cell subsets, and found that induction of this metabolic network is required for optimal HIV-1 infection. Moreover, we determined that under conditions of attenuated glutaminolysis, the α-ketoglutarate (αKG) TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle intermediate is a rate-limiting step in infection; exogenous α-KG directly increased OXPHOS and rendered both naïve and memory CD4 T cells significantly more sensitive to infection. Furthermore, blocking the glycolytic flux of pyruvate to lactate resulted in an increased OXPHOS and a significantly augmented level of HIV-1 infection. In agreement with these data, infected CD4 T cells exhibited increased mitochondrial biomass and respiration as compared to their non-infected counterparts. These data identify the OXPHOS/ aerobic glycolysis balance as a major regulator of HIV-1 infection in CD4 T lymphocytes.In order to gain more insight into the metabolic pathways regulating HIV-1 infection in CD4 T cells, we developed a complementary approach to target upstream processes, specifically altering glucose (GLUT1), glutamine (ASCT2), and arginine (CAT1) transporter expression by lentiviral-mediated delivery of specific shRNAs. Testifying to the importance of these transporters, CD4 T cells with downregulated expression of either GLUT1, ASCT2 or CAT1 were negatively selected, resulting in a loss of approximately 80% of shRNA-transduced cells within 14 days. Notably, the permissivity of CD4 T cells to HIV-1 infection was differentially impacted by inhibition of specific nutrient transporters. Consistent with the data presented above, knockdown of GLUT1 did not significantly impact HIV-1 infection whereas knockdown of CAT1 significantly decreased both OXPHOS as well as HIV-1 infection (by 35%). Surprisingly though, ASCT2 knockdown resulted in a significantly augmented infection, by approximately 20%. Mechanistically, we found that this was associated with a markedly higher persistence of naïve, as compared to memory, T cells with downregulated ASCT2 levels. These data highlight differences in the relative importance of distinct nutrient transporters in the survival of naïve vs memory CD4 T cell subsets and demonstrate their specific impact on the sensitivity of these populations to HIV-1 infection.In conclusion, using two complementary approaches, my PhD research has revealed the critical impact of a CD4 T cell’s energetic state on its susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. My data identify the importance of mitochondrial metabolism, with an environment rich in TCA cycle intermediates such as α-KG, in regulating the susceptibility of CD4 T cells to HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, I find that nutrient transporter expression differentially impacts the sensitivity of naïve and memory CD4 T cells to HIV-1 infection. These studies therefore provide new prospects for the development of targeted metabolic therapeutic strategies against HIV-1 infection
Dudognon, Tony. "Relations entre la structure des lipides membranaires de mitochondries et l'activité d'enzymes associées chez l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969121.
Full textDufour, Sylvie. "Application de la RMN et de la théorie du contrôle à l'étude de l'énergétique cellulaire hépatique à basse température." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28456.
Full textFontaine, Eric. "Contrôle de l'oxydation phosphorylante : modifications du couplage et rôle de la membrane mitochondriale externe." Grenoble 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10137.
Full textBeauseigneur, Frédéric. "Facteurs membranaires et enzymatiques mitochondriaux modulant l'oxydation des acides gras à longue chaine dans le foie." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS054.
Full textDesprez, Tifany. "Rôle(s) du récepteur aux cannabinoïdes mitochondrial de type 1 dans le cerveau." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0088/document.
Full textType-1 cannabinoid receptor CB1 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), widely expressed in the brain, which regulates numerous physiological processes. However, the cellular mechanisms of CB1-mediated control of these functions are poorly understood. Although CB1 are known to signal at the plasma membrane, a portion of these receptors are also present in mitochondria (mtCB1), where mtCB1 activation decreases mitochondrial activity. The goal of this thesis was to dissect the impact of brain mtCB1 signaling in known behavioral effects induced by cannabinoids. To distinguish the functions of mtCB1 from other receptor pools, we developed tools based on the characterization of the intra-mitochondrial molecular cascade induced by mtCB1 receptors. In isolated brain mitochondria, we found that intra-mitochondrial decrease of soluble-adenylyl cyclase (sAC) activity links mtCB1- dependent activation of Gαi/o proteins to decrease cellular respiration. Local brain inhibition of sAC activity blocks cannabinoid-induced amnesia, catalepsy and contributes to the hypolocomotor effect of cannabinoids. In addition, we generated a functional mutant CB1 protein (DN22-CB1) lacking the first 22 amino acid of CB1 and its mitochondrial localization. Differently from CB1, activation of DN22-CB1 does not affect mitochondrial activity. Hippocampal in vivo expression of DN22-CB1 abolished both cannabinoid-induced impairment of synaptic transmission and amnesia in mice. Together, these studies couple mitochondrial activity to behavioral performances. The involvement of mtCB1 in the effects of cannabinoids on memory and motor control highlights the key role of bioenergetic processes as regulators of brain functions
Saunier, Alice. "Bases génétiques de la différenciation adaptative en milieu anthropisé chez Macoma balthica, un bivalve marin à fort flux génique." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS021/document.
Full textIn the anthropized, fragmented environmental context subject to rapid climate change, understand local adaptation processes of marine organisms by studying the contact zones between close taxa is a preferred approach. In these areas, hybrid genotypes persist despite a maladaptive state related to endogenous genetic incompatibilities and/or exogenous barrier. The complex biogeographic history of the Baltic tellin Macoma balthica leads to emergence of several European hybrid zones, one of which, located around the Pointe Finistère (France), is the result of the confluence of two genetic stocks that have diverged in allopatric. These divergences may have lead to the co-adaptation breakdown between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes due to the emergence of mito-nuclear incompatibilities (MNIs). Thus, the different protein subunits of the five OXPHO chain complexes are encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial genes, and a tight inter-genomic coevolution is required to maintain the cellular energy production. Recent transcriptomic data unveil the existence of underlying MNIs in M. balthica, bearing by the respiratory complexes I and V. In order to provide some understanding clues of mechanisms in hybrid zone's maintenance in the context of human pressure, the present work aims to test the assumption of putative MNIs in this area. For this purpose, (i) six mitogenomes corresponding to five divergent haplotype lineages in Europe were sequenced and the genomic architecture has been studied jointly to a mapping mutation of the 13 mitochondrial genes, (ii) the level of transcription of 5 nuclear and 8 mitochondrial genes (complex I to V) of hybrid individuals was compared to the parental lineages after identification of the hybrid status of each individual (six french populations). For the lack of bringing concrete answers concerning the existence of MNIs in M. balthica, and its evolutionary effects in term of hybrid breakdown, this work is a springboard for a comprehensive study of the French hybrid zone by developing new molecular tools, and stable experimental technics for the realisation of future artificial crosses
Guerrero, Karen. "ORGANISATION STRUCTURALE ET FONCTION METABOLIQUE DES UNITES ENERGETIQUES INTRACELLULAIRES (ICEUs) DANS LE MUSCLE CARDIAQUE ET SQUELETTIQUE :Conditions physiologiques et pathophysiologiques." Phd thesis, Ecole pratique des hautes études - EPHE PARIS, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011814.
Full textCosta, Verdera Helena. "Towards the development of a gene therapy for Pompe disease : Characterization of the immune phenotype in Pompe disease and comparison of the therapeutic potential of gene therapy with the current standard of care." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS516.
Full textPompe disease is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations on the enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA), responsible for degrading lysosomal glycogen. GAA deficiency causes the accumulation of glycogen in multiple tissues, particularly in muscles and central nervous system, leading to a complex neuromuscular disease with high morbidity and mortality. In addition to the known symptoms, our studies in Pompe disease patients and mice show that GAA deficiency affects the activation and function of immune cells, particularly of T cells, leading to a higher activation of effector cells and impaired induction and suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Moreover, Pompe disease mice present tissue inflammation at early stages of the disease, altogether suggesting that alterations in the immune system could contribute to the disease pathophysiology. These findings could open new venues to investigate strategies that delay the progression of the disease. In a second set of experiments we show that liver-directed gene therapy with a secretable GAA transgene results in superior disease rescue in an immunodefficient Pompe disease mouse model, when compared to the current enzyme replacement therapy. Because Tregs play an essential role in liver-directed gene therapy, by inducing immune tolerance towards hepatic transgenes, future studies will have to evaluate the potential impact of immune alterations associated to Pompe disease on the efficacy of liver-targeted gene transfer
La enfermedad de Pompe es una enfermedad lisosomal (lysosomal storage disease, LSD) causada por mutaciones en la enzima α-glucosidasa ácida (GAA), que hidroliza el glucógeno en glucosa en los lisosomas. La disfunción de esta enzima causa la acumulación de glucógeno en múltiples tejidos, principalmente en células musculares y neuronas. Como resultado, los pacientes desarrollan hipertrofia cardíaca, debilidad muscular, insuficiencia respiratoria, alteraciones cognitivas y muerte prematura por paro cardiorrespiratorio. Actualmente la enfermedad de Pompe se trata con terapia de reemplazo enzimático (Enzyme replacement therapy, ERT) con GAA recombinante humana (rhGAA). Este tratamiento ha demostrado corregir la patología cardíaca y extender la esperanza de vida de los pacientes. Sin embargo, la eficacia de la ERT en los músculos respiratorios y esqueléticos es parcial, y nula en el sistema nervioso central (SNC). Además, la proteína rhGAA es altamente inmunogénica, por lo que el tratamiento no es efectivo en ciertos pacientes. Otros inconvenientes son el elevado coste de la ERT y la necesidad de infusiones continuadas a lo largo de la vida del paciente. En este estudio mostramos que la terapia génica dirigida al hígado mediante vectores adeno-asociados (AAV) expresando una versión modificada de la GAA revierte de forma significativa la enfermedad a nivel de la musculatura esquelética y del SNC, en un modelo animal de la enfermedad de Pompe. Además, mostramos que este tratamiento es superior en eficacia al tratamiento estándar por ERT, incluso a dosis reducidas de vector AAV. Con tal de comprender mejor los mecanismos de acción de estos dos tratamientos, hemos llevado a cabo un estudio farmacocinético de los niveles de GAA en circulación y en múltiples tejidos en los dos casos. Dicho estudio muestra que niveles reducidos pero constantes de GAA en circulación proporcionados por el hígado permiten una mayor acumulación de GAA en los tejidos en comparación a la ERT, mejorando así la eficacia del tratamiento. Debido a que las reacciones inmunes contra el vector AAV y el transgén son un obstáculo importante en la aplicación clínica de la terapia génica, y a que alteraciones en los lisosomas han demostrado tener un impacto sobre el sistema inmune en diferentes modelos, también hemos estudiado el sistema inmune en el caso de la enfermedad de Pompe. Mediante estos estudios, hemos observado que la acumulación de glucógeno en los lisosomas de células inmunes está asociada a una mayor activación de estas células, tanto en pacientes como en ratones con enfermedad de Pompe, y particularmente en las células T. Además, ratones con enfermedad de Pompe presentan inflamación en los tejidos ya en las primeras etapas de la enfermedad. Por otra parte, mostramos que el mayor estado de activación de las células T podría deberse a alteraciones en el metabolismo de estas células, como resultado de las alteraciones lisosómicas. Finalmente, los ratones con enfermedad de Pompe presentan un defecto en la inducción de células T reguladoras Foxp3+ (Tregs), y estas células tienen un menor potencial inhibidor en comparación con Tregs de ratones sanos. Alteraciones en el sistema inmunitario podrían contribuir a la fisiopatología de la enfermedad. Por lo tanto, estos hallazgos podrían abrir nuevos caminos para investigar estrategias que retrasen la progresión de la enfermedad. Además, las Tregs juegan un papel esencial en la terapia génica dirigida al hígado, mediante la inducción de tolerancia inmune hacia transgenes expresados por hepatocitos. Por lo tanto, futuros estudios deberán evaluar el impacto de las alteraciones inmunitarias asociadas a la enfermedad de Pompe sobre la eficacia de la terapia génica
La malaltia de Pompe és una malaltia lisosomal (lysosomal storage disease, LSD) deguda a mutacions en l'enzim α-glucosidasa àcida (GAA), que hidrolitza el glicogen en glucosa als lisosomes. La disfunció d'aquest enzim causa l'acumulació de glicogen en múltiples teixits, principalment en cèl·lules musculars i neurones. Com a resultat, els pacients presenten hipertròfia cardíaca, debilitat muscular, insuficiència respiratòria, alteracions cognitives i mort prematura per aturada cardiorespiratòria. Actualment, la malaltia de Pompe és tractada amb teràpia de reemplaçament enzimàtic (Enzyme replacement therapy, ERT) amb GAA recombinant humana (rhGAA). Aquest tractament ha demostrat corregir la patologia cardíaca i estendre l'esperança de vida dels pacients. No obstant, l'eficàcia de l'ERT en els músculs respiratoris i esquelètics és parcial, i nul·la en el sistema nerviós central (SNC). A més, la proteïna rhGAA és altament immunogènica, de manera que el tractament no és efectiu en certs pacients. Altres inconvenients són l'elevat cost de l'ERT i la necessitat d'infusions continuades al llarg de la vida del pacient. En aquest estudi mostrem que la teràpia gènica dirigida al fetge mitjançant vectors adeno-associats (AAV) expressant una versió modificada de la GAA millora de forma significativa la malaltia a nivell de la musculatura esquelètica i del SNC, en un model animal de la malaltia de Pompe. A més, mostrem que aquest tractament és superior en eficàcia al tractament estàndard per ERT, fins i tot a dosis reduïdes de vector AAV. Per tal de comprendre millor els mecanismes d'acció d'aquests dos tractaments, hem dut a terme un estudi farmacocinètic dels nivells de GAA en circulació i en múltiples teixits en ambdós casos. Aquest estudi mostra que nivells reduïts però constants de GAA en circulació proporcionats pel fetge permeten una major acumulació de la GAA en els teixits en comparació a la ERT, millorant així l'eficàcia del tractament. Degut a que les reaccions immunes contra el vector AAV i el transgèn són un obstacle important en l'aplicació clínica de la teràpia gènica, i a que alteracions en els lisosomes han demostrat tenir un impacte sobre el sistema immune en differents models, també hem avaluat el sistema immune en el cas de la malaltia de Pompe. Mitjançant aquests estudis, hem observat que l'acumulació de glicogen en els lisosomes de les cèl·lules immunes està associada a una major activació d'aquestes cèl·lules en pacients i ratolins amb malaltia de Pompe, particularment en les cèl·lules T. A més, ratolins amb malaltia de Pompe presenten inflamació dels teixits ja en les primeres etapes de la malaltia. D’altra banda, hem observat que el major estat d'activació de les cèl·lules T podria ser degut a alteracions en el metabolisme d'aquestes cèl·lules, com a resultat de les alteracions lisosomals. Finalment, els ratolins amb malaltia de Pompe presenten un defecte en la inducció de cèl·lules T reguladores Foxp3+ (Tregs), i aquestes cèl·lules tenen un menor potencial inhibidor en comparació amb les Tregs de ratolins sans. Alteracions en el sistema immunitari podrien contribuir a la fisiopatologia de la malaltia. Per tant, aquestes observacions podrien obrir nous camins a l’hora d’investigar estratègies que retardin la progressió de la malaltia. A més, les Tregs juguen un paper essencial en la teràpia gènica dirigida al fetge, mitjançant la inducció de tolerància immune cap a transgens expressats per hepatòcits. Per tant, futurs estudis hauran d'avaluar l'impacte de les alteracions immunitàries associades a la malaltia de Pompe sobre l'eficàcia del tractament per teràpia gènica
Schiff, Manuel. "Effets de modifications diététiques sur le phénotype de la souris Harlequin, un modèle de maladie mitochondriale." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T026.
Full textBackground: Therapeutic options in human mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) diseases have been poorly evaluated mostly because of the scarcity of cohorts and the inter-individual variability of disease progression. Thus, while a high fat diet (HFD) is often recommended, data regarding efficacy are limited. Our objectives were 1) to determine our ability to evaluate therapeutic options in the Harlequin OXPHOS complex I (CI)-deficient mice, in the context of a mitochondrial disease with human hallmarks and 2) to assess the effects of a HFD. Methods and Findings: Before launching long and expensive animal studies, we showed that palmitate afforded long-term death-protection in 3 CI-mutant human fibroblasts cell lines. We next demonstrated that using the Harlequin mouse, it was possible to draw solid conclusions on the efficacy of a 5-month-HFD on neurodegenerative symptoms. Moreover, we could identify a group of highly responsive animals, echoing the high variability of the disease progression in Harlequin mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that a reduced number of patients with identical genetic disease should be sufficient to reach firm conclusions as far as the potential existence of responders and non responders is recognized. They also positively prefigure HFD-trials in OXPHOS-deficient patients
Aroua, Nesrine. "Etude in vivo de la chimiorésistance dans les leucémies aigues myéloïdes humaines." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30369.
Full textAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common adult leukemia characterized by clonal expansion of immature myeloblasts. Despite a high rate of complete remission after conventional front-line induction chemotherapy (e.g. daunorubicin or idarubicin plus cytarabine), the prognosis is very poor in AML. This unfavorable overall survival is caused by frequent relapses due to chemoresistant leukemic cell populations (RLCs) in AML. RLCs are thought to be enriched in quiescent leukemic stem/immature cells (LSCs). However, these hypotheses have never been tested directly in vivo. My PhD work was devoted to validate this hypothesis in vivo. We first developed a clinically relevant chemotherapeutic approach treating patient derived xenografts (PDX) with cytarabine (AraC) to characterize AraC residual cells. AraC-treated AML cells are not necessarily enriched for neither immature cells or quiescent (G0) cells or leukemic initiating cells (LICs). Rather chemotherapy resistant cells in vivo have high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), showed increased mitochondrial mass, and retained active mitochondria, consistent with a high oxidative phosphorylation (OxPHOS) status. AraC residual cells exhibited increased fatty acid oxidation and a high OxPHOS gene signature predictive for treatment response in PDX and patients. Treatment of High OxPHOS but not Low OxPHOS human AML cell lines demonstrated chemotherapy resistance in vivo. Targeting mitochondrial metabolism induced an energetic shift toward low OxPHOS status and markedly enhanced antileukemic effects of AraC in AML. In the second part of my PhD study, we identified ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 CD39 (ENTPD1) overexpressed in RLCs in vivo after chemotherapy. We confirmed that AraC increased cell surface CD39 expression in AML cell lines in vitro and in vivo as well as in 24 diverse PDX models. We further observed this increase in 50 patients at 35-days post-intensive chemotherapy compared to their respective diagnosis. Interestingly, high CD39 expression on AML patients was associated with a worse response to AraC in vivo. We furthermore demonstrated that CD39 downstream signaling pathway was dependent on cAMP-PKA axis and its inhibition by H89 sensitized AML cells to AraC through the inhibition of PGC1a, TFAM and mitochondrial OxPHOS function.[...]
Nogueira, Véronique. "Régulation de l'oxydation phosphorylante : importance physiologique de la modulation du couplage entre oxydation et phosphorylation." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077105.
Full textEspie, Pascal. "Contribution à l'étude de la régulation du métabolisme oxydatif dans les hepatocytes de rat." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28296.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the caracterization of the mitochondrial energetic metabolism during cell swelling induced by transport and accumulation of sodium-cotransported amino acids, or exposition of the cells to hypotonic medium. We chose the thermodynamic approach and studied the relationships between the respiration flux and the various forces or constraints associated to the functioning of oxidative phosphorylations (redox potential, protonmotive force, phosphate potentials). This approach make it possible to define the functioning modes of ATP production and utilization pathways. While the amino acids used are osmotically active metabolites, they are mainly substrates of energy consumption and supply pathways. They stimulate the supply of energy and increase the respiratory capacity. In hypoosmotic medium, some of the energetic parameters are modified (the protonmotive force, the mitochondrial phosphate potential and the redox potential) while respiration rate is unchanged. In these conditions the response of the respiration rate both to the protonmotive force and the redox potential is changed. The involved systems are subjected to different kinetic constraints due to the modfication of the functional properties of the membrane systems
Collombet, Jean-Marc. "Expression des gènes des phosphorylations oxydatives dans les cellules musculaires de patients atteints de diverses pathologies mitochondriales." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10057.
Full textSalinas, Sara. "Modifications post-traductionnelles au niveau du promoteur du gène c-fos : Phosphorylations et SUMOylation." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20029.
Full textFridlich, Ram. "The thioredoxin-like protein RdCVFL interacts with Tau and inhibits its phosphorylation in the retina." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066444.
Full textRiyahi, Benzakour Jamila. "Étude du mode d'action de quelques pesticides sur le métabolisme énergétique du soja (glycine Max L. )." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10253.
Full textBocca, Cinzia isabelle. "OPA1 et atrophie optique dominante : étude physiopathologique par approche métabolomique et lipidomique." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0059.
Full textDominant Optic Atrophy (DOA, MIM #165500) is an inherited disease affecting one of 30,000 individuals. It mostly affects the retinal ganglion cells that make up the optic nerve, leading to the decrease invisual acuity. This genetically and clinically heterogeneous pathology is mainly related to the mutations on OPA1 gene. The mitochondrial protein OPA1 has been implicated in many functions including mitochondrial fusion, energy metabolism, apoptosis and maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. In order to investigate the overall effects of OPA1 dysfunctions, we developed non-targeted metabolomic and lipidomic approaches on patients' plasmas and fibroblasts as well as on OPA1 knock-out mouse fibroblast model. Despite the specificities of each model and matrix, we clearly revealed a common metabolic alteration including an aspartate deficiency due to the energy defect observed in all our models and responsible for the alteration of nucleotide metabolism. With a lipidomic approach, we revealed in the knock-out cell model a huge increase of triglycerides which is related to the energetic deficiency. Moreover, we highlighted a major alteration on phospholipids, testifying a deep remodeling of mitochondrial membrane structures. Taken together, our analysis revealed new pathophysiological roles of OPA1. Finally, our work opens new perspectives to improve the diagnosis and the patient care
Nguyen, Hien-Anh. "Découverte d'une nouvelle famille de protéine kinases bactériennes : mécanismes de fonctionnement et rôle cellulaire de YdiB, un archétype chez Baccillus subtilis." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV017/document.
Full textGenome sequencing data has revealed genes encoding uncharacterized protein family UPF0079 which are exclusively found in bacteria; broadly distributed in this kingdom and possess an ATP-binding motif in their sequences. Biochemical characterization and physiological role elucidation of UPF0079 will undoubtedly increase our fundamental biology knowledge, and also remain a prerequisite towards the development of new antimicrobial compounds. Our investigation on YdiB, an archetype of this family in Bacillus subtilis revealed both autophosphorylating and protein phosphotransferase activities. The dual-specificity Ser/Thr and Tyr kinase activity of YdiB seems to require oligomerization is upregulated by basic molecule activators such as natural polyamines or poly-L-lysine. The 10 most conserved residues were studied to gain insights into molecular mechanism of the kinase YdiB. To characterize the function of phosphorylation events linked to YdiB, starting with the B. subtilis ydiA-B-C-D-E operon we showed that YdiB and YdiC function as cognate protein kinase/phosphatase towards two ribosome-related protein substrates YdiD and YdiE. Some co-localization between YdiB and ribosomes were observed. Furthermore, YdiB is capable of phosphorylating both ribosomal 50S and 30S subunits as well as two ribosome-binding GTPases EngA and EngB. We also demonstrated that phosphorylated EngA by YdiB is an in vitro substrate of the phosphatase YdiC. Finally, based on the phosphoproteome pf Bacillus subtilis, peptides mimicking the in vivo phosphorylation sites were used. Some of them were found to be phosphorylated in vitro by YdiB, including two peptides which belongs to the superoxide dismutase SodA. The activity of purified SodA was then shown to be upregulated via phosphorylation by YdiB. We furthermore found that B. subtilis cells lacking ydiB become more sensitive to oxidative stress-causing agents such as paraquat or norfloxacin. We propose that in vivo, YdiB functions as a protein kinase involved in ribosome function in normal condition; and in protecting cells from oxidative stress damage
Beaufils, Sophie. "Etude de la réponse aux stress environnementaux chez deux Lactobacilles : identification de régulateurs impliqués dans le stress oxydatif chez Lactobacillus sakei et étude de la relation entre la protéine HPr et les stress froid et acide chez Lactobacillus casei." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2056.
Full textMalka, Florence. "La fusion mitochondriale : échanges moléculaires, mécanismes cellulaires et implications fonctionnelles." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066201.
Full textMehlen, Patrick. "Les petites protéines de stress : des protéines qui contrôlent la mort cellulaire." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10275.
Full textPaul, Catherine. "Étude des mécanismes moléculaires à la base des fonctions anti-apoptotique et tumorigénique de la petite protéine de stress Hsp27." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10101.
Full textSimoneau, Bryan. "Régulation de la perméabilité endothéliale via la phosphorylation de la tropomyosine-1 par la DAP Kinase 1 en réponse au stress oxydant." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29866/29866.pdf.
Full textLoss of endothelial cell integrity and selective permeability barrier is an early event in the sequence of oxidant-mediated injury and may result in atherosclerosis, hypertension, and facilitation of transendothelial migration of cancer cells during metastasis. We already showed that phosphorylation of tropomyosin-1 (Tm1) at Ser283 by DAPK1, downstream of the ERK1/2 pathway, is necessary to stress fibers formation in endothelial cells in response to oxidative stress. Endothelial permeability and transendothelial migration of colon cancer cells were evaluated by Boyden chamber assays. Use of siRNA and wild-type and mutated forms of Tm1 provide evidence indicating that phosphorylation of Tm1 is a key event required inside protection mechanism against endothelial barrier dysfunction associated with oxidative stress injury.
Preville, Xavier. "Fonction protectrice des protéines de stress de faible poids moléculaire : relations avec le glutathion et son métabolisme." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10033.
Full textBourgeais, Jérôme. "Fonctions oncogéniques de STAT5 : rôle dans la régulation du métabolisme oxydatif." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4051.
Full textThe Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription factors 5A and B are two closely related STAT family members that play a major role in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis. STAT5 proteins are frequently activated in hematopoietic neoplasms and are targets of various tyrosine kinase oncogenes such as BCR-ABL and JAK2V617F. Both oncogenes were shown to stimulate the production of intracellular ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) in leukemic cells and evidences for a cross talk between STAT5 and ROS metabolism have recently emerged. Herein, we demonstrate that sustained activation of STAT5 induced by BCR-ABL promotes ROS production in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) cells by repressing expression of two antioxidants, catalase and glutaredoxin1 and by possible functional interactions with NADPH oxidase complexes. We also provide compelling evidences that tyrosine phosphorylation regulate the pro-oxidant activity of STAT5 and that non phosphorylated STAT5 displays antioxidant properties and protection against oxidative stress via non-genomic effects. This dual function of STAT5 is also illustrated in an in vitro microenvironment model that we develop in our laboratory to analyze interactions between bone marrow stromal cells and CML cells. Using these coculture experiments, we show that STAT5 phosphorylation was reduced and its antioxidant activity enhanced in leukemic cells in contact with stromal cells. We also demonstrate in this model that leukemic cells stopped dividing, entered a quiescent G0 state and became resistant to Imatinib, a BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor. Collectively, these findings suggest an important link between antioxidant activity of STAT5, quiescence and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in leukemic cells
Rossignol, Rodrigue. "Expression métabolique de défauts dans le fonctionnement des oxydations phosphorylantes mitochondriales : effet de seuil et théorie du contrôle du métabolisme appliqués à l'étude de la spécificité tissulaire des cytopathies." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28781.
Full textDzondo, Gadet Michel. "Traduction des ARNm du placenta humain dans le système acellulaire du germe de blé : optimisation par des molécules oxydantes, identification des protéines, régulation au cours du stress oxydant, rôle du bore." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN11324.
Full textNguyen, Hien-anh. "Découverte d'une nouvelle famille de protéine kinases bactériennes : mécanismes de fonctionnement et rôle cellulaire de YdiB, un archétype chez Baccillus subtilis." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721757.
Full textSibille, Brigitte. "Modulation de l'effet découplant du 2,4-dinitrophenol en fonction des substrats : étude sur hépatocytes isolés de rat." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10199.
Full textYassenko, Marina. "Modifications post-traductionnelles de la sous-unité régulatrice RIIα de la protéine kinase dépendante de l'AMP-cyclique au cours du cycle cellulaire." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T070.
Full textDejean, Laurent Marc. "Contrôle du métabolisme énergétique de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae en croissance respiratoire : rôles de la quantité de mitochondries et de la voie ras/AMPc/PKA." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28785.
Full textClerc, Pascaline. "Etude des effets mitochondriaux du monoxyde d'azote : régulation de l'oxydation phosphorylante et de la transition de perméabilité." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364967.
Full textTouati, Sabeur. "Obésité, risque athérogène et effet thérapeutique direct de l’exercice physique : étude sur la contribution des voies signalétiques Akt/eNOS et NADPH oxydase pour expliquer les mécanismes vasculo-protecteurs de l’exercice physique chez le rat rendu obèse par une alimentation enrichie en graisse." Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG0704/document.
Full textThe prevalence of obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in the western countries. It has been attributed to sedentariness and abundance of unhealthy food. Obesity is often associated with endothelial dysfunction and a high atherogenic risk. Several clinical investigations have reported that life style modification included physical exercise and the adoption of healthydiet was an efficient strategy to combat cardiovascular complications linked to obesity. However, numerous mechanisms by which exercise exerts the direct therapeutic effect on atherogenic risk linked to obesity are still unknown. Using the experimental model of high fat diet-induced obesity rat, the general aim of this study, was to identify the possible molecularmechanisms through which exercise with or without diet modification (high fat to standard diet) exerts an antiatherogenic action. Our results show that exercise independently of diet used, corrected the endothelial dysfunction induced by obesity. This benefit effect was associated with the decreased vascular oxidative stress. In effect, our results show that exercise alone was able to decrease NADPH oxidase activity in aortic tissue. Furthermore, we show for the first time that exercise, independently diet used, was able to modulate the translocation of p47phox subunit to membrane (which plays a pivotal role in NADPH oxidase activation). Ours results show also, that exercise with or without diet modification improves the Akt/eNOS phosphorylation pathway, suggesting that exercise increases NO production. In summary, exercise training even without diet modification, may be a non-pharmacological strategy treatment for atherogenic risk linked to obesity
Delisle, Vincent. "L’adénosine et CD73 dans le potentiel métastatique et le métabolisme cellulaire." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21479.
Full textSabourin, Antoine. "La modulation du métabolisme cellulaire par l'E3 Ubiquitine Ligase MARCH-1." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13700.
Full textRelocation and degradation mediated by ubiquitination are used by the cell to control the localization and the expression of proteins. E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH1 is known to be involved in post-translational regulation of MHC-II and CD86. In this thesis, we suggest an additional role to MARCH1. Our experimental results lead us to believe that MARCH1 may modulate cellular metabolism by promoting the relocation and degradation of enzymes involved in glycolysis. The vast majority of cells generate ATP from oxidative phosphorylation in presence of oxygen. In a hypoxic environment, the latter is non-functional and the cell must use the anaerobic glycolysis to produce ATP. A cancerous cell requires more energy due to increased biomass and its uncontrolled proliferation. To meet these needs, it maximizes its energy production regardless of oxygen concentrations. Many studies have shown that aerobic glycolysis is preferred to oxidative phosphorylation in cancer cells, even if the two pathway are used simultaneously; it is described as the Warburg effect. Similar modification of the cellular metabolism is also found in immune cells after an activation signal to fulfill the cell functions. Here we show that the maximal mitochondrial respiration, the respiratory reserves and the maximal glycolysis are reduced in antigen-presenting cells that express MARCH1. Furthermore, we showed that MARCH1 can be localized on the mitochondria to interact with it’s target. Finally, we quantified the expression of Eno1 and LDHB by Western blot to show an increased expression of these enzymes in the absence of MARCH1. Thus, we discuss the benefits of the expression reduction of MARCH1 in an inflammatory context, following the activation of antigen presenting cells. This phenomenon would allow a better antigen presentation, an increased energy production and a greater resistance to ROS, produced during the inflammatory response.