Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Photoblanchiment'
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Duan, Chenxi. "Etude structurale des mécanismes de photoblanchiment des protéines fluorescentes photocommutables." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV034/document.
Full textThe discovery of phototransformable FPs (PTFPs) from Anthozoa species, thanks totheir photophysical properties, has opened a large field in biological fluorescence imaging.One of the PTFPs’ sub-groups consists of Reversible Photoswitchable Fluorescent Proteins(RSFPs), which can be reversibly switched between nonfluorescent and fluorescent states.Photobleaching is the permanent loss of the fluorescence-emitting capacity under excitation,which is a common phenomenon among all the fluorescent molecules. Photobleaching has alarge impact on the microscopy image quality, notably on super-resolution imaging.Photoswitchable fluorescent proteins have a tendency to lose performance within everyswitching cycle, a process referred to as “photofatigue”. Our interest of study is focused onthe photobleaching mechanisms of RSFPs.We have reported the crystallographic structure of photobleached IrisFP under highand low illumination intensity at room temperature as well as its spectroscopic modifications.We found that different illumination intensities can result in different photobleachingpathways. Under low illumination intensity, an oxygen-dependent photobleaching pathwaywas evidenced. Structural modifications induced by singlet-oxygen production within thechromophore pocket revealed the oxidation of two sulfur-containing residues, Met159 andCys171, locking the chromophore in a nonfluorescent protonated state. Under highillumination intensity, a completely different, oxygen-independent photobleaching pathwaywas found. The conserved Glu212 underwent decarboxylation concomitantly with anextensive rearrangement of the H-bond network around the chromophore, and an sp2-to-sp3hybridization change of the carbon atom bridging the chromophore cyclic moieties wasobserved. As Met159 is the key residue involved in low-intensity illumination photobleaching,we have then mutated Met159 into Alanine in order to avoid sulfoxidation. We found that theIrisFP-M159A mutant display an enhanced photostability in solution, in PVA gel and inE.coli cells
Zeghari, Nadia. "Caractérisation et étude des conséquences biologiques du photoblanchiment de l'hématoporphyrine dérivée utilisée en thérapie photodynamique." Nancy 1, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1995_0467_ZEGHARI.pdf.
Full textZeghari, Nadia. "Caractérisation et étude des conséquences biologiques du photoblanchiment de l'hématoporphyrine dérivée utilisée en thérapie photodynamique." Université de Nancy I. UFR Sciences pharmaceutiques et biologiques, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1995_0467_ZEGHARI.pdf.
Full textRabut, Gwénaël. "Dynamique de l'organisation des pores nucléaires." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066278.
Full textLassalle, Henri-Pierre. "Etude des mécanismes du photoblanchiment de la 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (m-hydroxyphenyl) bactériochlorine, en solution, in vitro et in vivo." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00378394.
Full textUne dosimétrie correcte est nécessaire pour assurer le traitement complet et des résultats reproductibles. Un élément clé de la dosimétrie à prendre en compte est le photoblanchiment, étant donné qu'il diminue la concentration du photosensibilisant au cours du traitement. Il est donc indispensable d'appréhender les mécanismes du photoblanchiment pour maîtriser au mieux le traitement.
Le rendement quantique de photoblanchiment de la m-THPBC en solution avec des protéines est de 5.7 x 10-4, les formes agrégées de photosensibilisants photoblanchissent plus lentement que les formes monomérisées. La m-THPBC se transforme sous l'effet de la lumière en m-THPC, ce rendement de phototransformation est influencé par l'état d'agrégation de la molécule. D'autres photoproduits tels que la m-THPBC di-hydroxylée et la m-THPC dihydroxylée ainsi que des dérivés dipyrines ont été observés. L'espèce responsable du photoblanchiment a été identifiée comme étant l'oxygène singulet. In vitro, la LD50 de la m-THPBC est 0.7 J cm-2. Le photoblanchiment est 3 à 5 fois plus sensible que celui de la m-THPC. L'étude de la localisation intra-cellulaire des photosensibilisants a montré une différence, la m-THPC s'accumulant dans le réticulum endoplasmique alors que la m-THPBC se localise dans les mitochondries. In vivo, la m-THPBC possède un photoblanchiment 4 à 10 fois plus élevé que la m-THPC, ainsi qu'une bonne accumulation tumorale. Ces résultats in vitro et in vivo sont particulièrement intéressants en terme de ratio thérapeutique, de sélectivité du traitement et de photosensibilité cutanée.
Pouvelle, Bruno. "Etude du mouvement des vesicules du systeme endocytique dans des fibroblastes de souris, clone 1d, vivants, par recouvrement de fluorescence apres photoblanchiment." Orléans, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ORLE2039.
Full textAdam, Virgile. "Etudes mécanistiques des protéines fluorescentes photoactivables : une approche combinée par cristallographie et spectroscopie." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449332.
Full textLiu, Zengzhen. "Focal adhesions mechanosensitivity of human mesenchymal stem cells : a fluorescence spectroscopy-based approach of focal adhesion proteins dynamics and interactions in living cells." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077258.
Full textTissue rigidity or stiffness affects many biological processes in embryonic development and aduit physiology and are involved in numerous diseases. Rigidity sensing by cells and how cells respond to it, are thus crucial aspects in biology and medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells present unique properties as their fate is regulated by the stiffness of extra cellular matrix (ECM). Focal adhesions (FAs) are the mechanosensitive elements that connect the cell to its mechanical environment. Because insight emerges that the dynamic processes intrinsic to the FAs and cytoskeleton would be decisive in the transduction of mechanical stimuli into biochemical signais, we address the relationship between the diffusion and binding properties of FAs proteins and rigidity sensing in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). We cultured primary hMSC derived from bone marrow, on collagen-coated polyacrylamide gels of defined and controlled stiffness. Nascent adhesions and/or adhesions at the leading edge assemble and disassemble or mature into bigger FAs to sustain higher contractile forces which take place at higher ECM rigidity. To determine whether the turnover and growth of FAs in hMSC depends on the stiffness of the ECM, and to decipher the role of the dynamics and interactions of signaling scaffolding proteins in these processes, we monitored the diffusion and binding properties of FAK, paxillin, talin and vinculin within hMCS cells. Our studies based on different fluorescence microscopy approaches as FRAP (Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching), F(C)CS (Fluorescence (Cross) Correlation Spectroscopy) and FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) by FLIM (Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy), ail together revealed that that the residence time of these proteins within FA structures increases along with the substrate rigidity. This property is correlated with the dynamics and instability of the FA complex membership itself, as well as with the dynamical cell behavior, properties that are therefore regulated by the substrate rigidity. In addition, our data show the existence of intracellular multitiered molecular clutch at the FA scaffold, including several rigidity-dependent molecular bindings with different kinetics (meaning likely molecular linkage with different strength). Especially, we showed that monomers of talin and vinculin bind to the scaffold with several rigidity-dependent dissociation rates and interact between each other only when immobilized. The proportion of immobilized talin-vinculin interacting species (for wild type vinculin as well as constitutively active mutant) was weakly dependent on the ECM rigidity, emphasizing the role of proteins dynamics instead of proportion of immobilization in rigidity sensing mechanism. Interestingly, the stabilization of talin at the FA site by a constitutively active vinculin mutant is much stronger at weak rigidity than at high rigidity of ECM, revealing a high potency of signaling regulation at weak rigidity in this type of cells. Specifically, our study focused on the dynamics and organization of FAs, seen as mechanical sensors of ECM rigidity and thus likely suited to support the initial steps of rigidity-dependant hMSC differentiation processes
Poitevin, Eric. "Etude de la permeabilite par microfluorimetrie et de la diffusion par retour de fluorescence apres photoblanchiment de macromolecules fluorescentes dans les gels de chromatographie." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2046.
Full textPoitevin, Éric. "Etude de la perméabilité par microfluorimétrie et de la diffusion par retour de fluorescence après photoblanchiment de macromolécules fluorescentes dans des gels de chromatographie." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608929h.
Full textConstantin, Doru-Cosmin. "Défauts d'équilibrage des phases ordonnées et structure du liquide isotrope d'un mélange lyotrope de surfactant non-ionique." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSL0222.
Full textBeaudouin, Joël. "Dynamique structurale et moléculaire des protéines nucléaires révélée par microscopie de fluorescence." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077008.
Full textRibrault, Claire. "Dynamique de l'assemblage moléculaire synaptique : étude de la diffusion latérale de la syntaxin1A." Paris 6, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608130.
Full textEid, Marguerita. "Caractérisation de l'interaction de l'ampullosporine A avec différents environnements membranaires : relation séquence-activité in planta de peptaïbols naturels ou synthétiques." Compiègne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009COMP1777.
Full textPeptaibols constitute a family of peptide antibiotics of fungal origin. They show interesting physico-chemical and biological activities depending on structural properties, responsble for their ability to form pores in membranes. In order to understand the lipid binding behavior of Ampullosporin A, we studied its interactions with different Egg Yolk Phosphatidylcholine environments. Furthermore, we expolored the correlation between the interaction of peptaibols with biomimetics membranes and their activity in planta. The various lipidics environments used were : hybrid bilayer membrane, supported biomimetic tethered bilayers, lipid monolayer at the air/water interface and lipid vesicles. Our results show that in absence of voltage, Ampullosporin A act in a « detergent-like » manner leading to membrane disruption. In addition, we demonstrated the existence of a direct correlation between the effect of peptaibols on biological membranes and their activity in planta. The length of peptaibols, the presence of α-aminoisobutyric amino acid residues and their hydrophobic nature are essential determinants of their activity in planta
Pluciennik, Frédérique, and JEAN DELEZE. "Effets de l'hormone fsh et des steroides et leurs esters sur le couplage diffusionnel intersertolien. Mesure par la methode du retour de fluorescence apres photoblanchiment, appliquee aux cellules de sertoli du testicule de rat immature en culture primaire." Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2284.
Full textGuay, Jean-Maxime. "Développement d'un appareil spectrofluorométrique pour l'analyse quantitative en-ligne d'un mélange particulaire pharmaceutique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5424.
Full textLe, Gall Antoine. "Pince optique et microscopie de fluorescence pour l'étude de la synthèse des protéines en molécule unique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647915.
Full textChatenay, Didier. "Diffusion, solubilisation et propriétés interfaciaux dans les solutions isotropes d'amphiphiles." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112297.
Full textRibrault, Claire. "DYNAMIQUE DE L'ASSEMBLAGE MOLÉCULAIRE SYNAPTIQUE : ÉTUDE DE LA DIFFUSION LATÉRALE DE LA SYNTAXIN 1A." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608130.
Full textDulin, David. "Observation de l'activité traductionnelle d'un ribosome unique par microscopie de fluorescence couplée à un système microfluidique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00538401.
Full textSirbu, Doina. "Conception et caractérisation de nouveaux fluorophores organiques de la famille des triazapentalènes : outils pour l'imagerie cellulaire." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2067.
Full textOver the last two decades, fluorescence technologies have shown a spectacular spreading in biological research. Major progress in the development, design, and purposeful application of various types of organic chromophores was achieved. Although widely used, the most commonly fluorescent probes still suffer from some limitations which decrease their use in the field of life sciences. The most problematic ones are: low scaffold diversity, high sensitivity to photobleaching, low water solubility and modest Stokes Shift… In this context, the main idea of our work focuses on the development of novel organic motifs responding to the conventional fluorophores issues. The 1,3a, 6a-triazapentalene moiety represents a real interest in this field with its promising optical properties. In this manuscript, the syntheses of tricyclic and tetracyclic derivatives containing this scaffold were obtained by aromatic nucleophilic substitution followed by the thermolysis cyclization. The modulation of these cores was then allowed by various organometallic cross of these compounds provides remarkable spectroscopic properties, as quantum yields above 50%, Stokes shift around 100 nm, and emission wavelengths between 450 and 650 nm. The last part of this thesis was focused on cellular imaging, that allowed us to evaluate the best fluorophores in living cells
Rossi, Claire. "Construction et validation de modèles membranaires biomimétiques supportés pour l'étude des interactions protéines/membranes." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1611.
Full textOur aim is to develop biomimetic membrane systems for protein-membrane interactions studies. These artificial membrane systems are assembled and anchored on solid substrates in order to allow the application of physicochemical measurements (SPR, FRAP, AFM). Ln order to create tethered lipid membrane, which delimit two distinct compartments (cis/in and trans/out), the selected approach is to anchor a lipid bilayer on a functionalized planar surface : (gold, glass, etc. ) in a covalent way, via functionalized lipids which are directly incorporated in lipids vesic1es. A experimental design Doelhert study allowed us to control the formation way of these tethered lipid bilayers. These biomimetic membranes were applied to the study of the calcium-dependent interactions on two proteins: the Myr-neurocalcine, a myristoyled protein and a bacterial toxin, the Adenylate cyc1ase of Bordetella pertussis
Jacques, Vincent. "Source de photons uniques et interférences à un seul photon.De l'expérience des fentes d'Young au choix retardé." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00281163.
Full textDans la première partie, nous étudions la dualité onde-corpuscule pour un photon unique émis par excitation impulsionnelle d'un centre coloré NV individuel dans un nanocristal de diamant. Nous présentons dans un premier temps une expérience d'interférence à un photon réalisée avec un biprisme de Fresnel et par conséquent très proche conceptuellement de l'expérience standard des trous d'Young. Cette expérience permet de discuter de la complémentarité entre interférence et connaissance du chemin suivi par la particule dans l'interféromètre. Pour pénétrer davantage dans les problèmes conceptuels soulevés par la dualité onde-corpuscule, nous décrivons ensuite la réalisation expérimentale de l'expérience de pensée de "choix retardé", qui fût proposée par J. A. Wheeler au début des années soixante-dix.
La deuxième partie du mémoire est dédiée à l'amélioration des performances de sources de photons uniques. Nous décrivons ainsi la mise au point d'une nouvelle source de photons uniques fondée sur l'émission d'un centre coloré individuel à base d'impuretés de nickel dans le diamant, dont les propriétés d'émission sont bien adaptées à la cryptographie quantique en espace libre. Nous avons également mis en oeuvre une technique originale qui améliore de façon significative la photostabilité de molécules individuelles à température ambiante.
Adam, Virgile. "Études mécanistiques des protéines fluorescentes photoactivables : une approche combinée par cristallographie et spectroscopie." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10059.
Full textSince the discovery of the green fluorescent protein (GFP), the one of photoactivatable fluorescent proteins (P AFPs), notably from Anthozoan species, triggered a revolution in the field of FP technology. Sorne PAFPs are capable of being irreversibly photoconverted from a green- to a red-emitting form while other ones can be reversibly switched on and off, depending on specific excitation wavelengths. These proteins are being extensively used in optical microscopy techniques, particularly in "nanoscopy", which pro vides optical resolution 10 fold beyond the Abbe limit. Ln order to further develop these techniques, notably in term of time-resolution, the need to obtain brighter fluorescent probes that photoconvert or photoswitch efficiently is crucial. At the same time, fluorescent highlighters generally need to be monomeric and photostable. Ln order to better understand the mechanisms of phototransformations in PAFPs, three members of the family have been studied: EosFP, Dendra2 and IrisFP. The phenomena of green-to-red photoconversion, reversible photoswitching and non-reversible photobleaching have been studied by a combination of X-ray crystallography and microspectrophotometry using the Cryobench laboratory of the ESRF/IBS. Together, the results have a\lowed us to propose a mechanism for the photo conversion of EosFP and Dendra2 and to discover and characterize IrisFP, the first PAFP combining both properties of photoconversion and photoswitching. The structural modifications of the chromophore associated with an X-ray induced radical state, likely to be involved in thé photobleaching pathway of PAFPs, were also characterized
Chatenay, Didier. "Diffusion, solubilisation et propriétés interfaciales dans les solutions isotropes d'amphiphiles." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011858.
Full textConstantin, Doru. "Défauts d'équilibre des phases ordonnées et structure du liquide isotrope d'un mélange lyotrope de surfactant non-ionique." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010863.
Full textNous avons ensuite exploré les propriétés dynamiques de la phase isotrope à haute concentration en combinant la diffusion dynamique de la lumière avec des expériences de rhéologie à haute fréquence. Nous avons mis en évidence un temps de relaxation terminale extrêmement court (de l'ordre de la microseconde) et avons expliqué ce comportement dans le cadre de théories déjà existantes sur la rhéologie des micelles connectées en incluant l'effet de l'ordre local.
Sasnouski, Siarhei. "Etude des interactions du photosensibilisant méta-tétra(hydroxyphényl)chlorine avec les protéines de plasma et les cellules." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119552.
Full textSamól, Iga. "Implications de la protéine OEP16 dans la photoprotection d’Arabidopsis thaliana lors du stress lumineux." Grenoble 1, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00764372.
Full textIn angiosperms, singlet oxygen is a prominent form of reactive oxygen species that is produced during photosynthesis. Its excess causes photooxidative damage leading to cell death, demonstrated in mutants impaired in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. In the present work, we used mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana that exhibit a conditional seedling lethal phenotype caused by the absence of the outer plastid envelope protein, OEP16-1. This protein is involved in the transport of amines, amino acids and is also implicated in the import of the key enzyme of chlorophyll synthesis, NADPH : Protochlorophyllide oxydoreductase A (PORA), into the plastids. Using a reverse genetic approach, four independent Atoep16-1 mutants were isolated and characterized, with different combinations of cell death properties and presence/absence of PORA. Two of the mutants overproduced free protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) in the dark and died after illumination. Pchlide operated here as a photosensitizer triggering singlet oxygen formation. The other two mutants avoided excess Pchlide accumulation and greened normally. Using the mutant of barley, tigrina d12 as reference, we show that cell death induced in the photobleaching Atoep16-1 mutants occurs in a flu-independent pathway. Translation initiation at 80S ribosomes was identified to be a major target of singlet oxygen in the early hours of greening. At a delayed stage, singlet oxygen caused ribosome dissociation. We provided evidence that both effects on translation are genetically linked and they can be further studied using the Atoep16-1 mutant that we isolated and the previously described flu mutant
Inthavong, Walailuk. "Elaboration et caractérisation de nanoparticules de protéines." Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1014/document.
Full textPolydisperse fractal aggregates of varying average sizes were formed when solutions of whey protein isolate and soy protein isolate were heated at different protein concentrations and at neutral pH. The structure of these fractals aggregates solutions was analyzed by light scattering as a function of protein concentration. In dense suspension, the osmotic compressibility and the correlation length decreases with increasing concentration and become independent of the initial aggregate size. In this concentration regime, the aggregates are strongly interpenetrated and can be visualized as a set of "blobs". For a fixed aggregate size, the viscosity initially increases exponentially with increasing concentration and then diverges at the gel point. Larger fractal aggregates show a more important increase of the viscosity with increasing concentration than smaller aggregates, because they are less dense. The increase of the viscosity was much stronger for large fractal aggregates than for homogeneous microgels (microgels were formed by heating the WPI solution in present of CaCl2) of the same size.Dynamic light scattering, rheology and FRAP measurements were performed to investigate mixtures of different type of aggregates of WPI (fractals/fractals, fractals/microgels) and fractals of mixtures of WPI and SPI. Flow measurements were used to characterise the rheological properties of the aggregate suspension whereas Fluorescence recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP) was used to determine the self diffusion of fluorophore-labelled dextrans chains in mixtures over a wide range of concentrations. The results were compared to the concentration dependence of zero shear viscosity, gel stiffness, osmotic compressibility and correlation length. Brownian diffusion of the dextran chains was observed in aggregate suspensions and weak gels formed just above the gel point with a diffusion coefficient that decreased with increasing concentration, but the dependence was weaker than that of the viscosity. At higher concentrations, densely crosslinked gels were formed, which induced a sharp decrease in the mobility of the dextran chains. For these systems, the recovery of fluorescence was logarithmic over time, suggesting an exponential distribution of diffusion coefficients
Balakrishnan, Nair Gireeshkumar. "Diffusion de particules dans des gels de protéines et aux interfaces." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00710630.
Full textJayyosi, Charles. "Caractérisation mécanique et microstructurale du comportement à rupture de la capsule de Glisson pour la prédiction du risque de lésions des tissus hépatiques humains." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10222/document.
Full textCustomized human body models offer a great potential to assess the injury risks in the fields of transport safety, surgery or sport. Various detail levels can then be needed, according to the targeted application. In particular, when the mechanical behavior of biological tissues needs to be accurately reproduced, numerical models have to include information about the structure of the tissue, and model the mechanisms of the response to mechanical loading. The work presented here focuses on the microstructural and mechanical characterization of the human liver capsule, in order to identify the important hypotheses that need to be included in a fibrous tissue constitutive model, based on microstructure. Thus, an experimental methodology has been developed to identify the mechanical behavior of this particular tissue, related with its microstructural organization. Uniaxial tensile tests, as well as bulge tests under a multiphoton confocal microscope have been performed, to observe the microstructure evolution during loading. Macroscopic strain has been assessed, and a method to measure local strain fields has been developed, to quantify the strain state of the fibrous network. The reorganization of the collagen fibers network has also been quantified. An analysis of the links between the measured macroscopic parameters and the microscopic phenomena is given. Therefore, the hypotheses that need to be included in constitutive models are highlighted, with particular consideration given to the affine transformation hypothesis which allows to link the fibers behavior to the global response of the tissue
Mirea, Dragoş Alexandru. "Nanophysical analysis to study evolution of vascular and articular inflammatory pathologies." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10352.
Full textAs vascular (VP) and articular (AP) inflammatory pathologies represent nowadays the principal cause of mortality and disability in industrialized countries, the exact causes favoring their occurrence remain still unknown. The present work aimed at proposing new physical methods to detect the early inflammatory stages through recognition of specific markers and to study the structural and mechanical changes undergone by pathological vascular tissues and synovial fluid (SF). Vascular pathologies can be detected through contrasted MRI pictures. In order to improve the capacity of contrast agents to target specific markers they can be antibody-grafted. Atomic Force Microscopy’s mode Force Spectroscopy (AFM-FS) was used to evaluate the affinity between the Fucoidan as a new antibody, and the P-Selectin vascular inflammatory marker, for capacity to target that marker. Further study of VP used the FS techniques for nanoindentation to study changes in mechanical properties between healthy and pathological vascular tissues. Modifications in SF’s dynamics triggered by one of the molecular component not fulfilling its role may lead to AP. To investigate this issue, each of the main SF’s molecular components had their affinity tested versus the ever-present lipid bilayers using AFM-FS techniques. Furthermore changes in lipid bilayers’ dynamics in the presence/absence of the main SF components were analyzed by Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching technique. Finally a tribological test was performed to study the variation of the friction coefficient between the lipid bilayers and SF’s main components
Balakrishnan, Nair Gireeshkumar. "Particle diffusion in protein gels and at interfaces." Thesis, Le Mans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEMA1002/document.
Full textThe objective of the thesis was to investigate the mobility of tracer particles in complex media byConfocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) combined with multiple particle tracking (MPT)and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP).First, we investigated the diffusion of tracer particles in gels formed by globular proteins. Gelswith a variety of structures were prepared by varying the protein and salt concentrations. Thestructure was characterized by analysis of the CLSM images in terms of the pair correlationfunction. The mobility of particles with a broad range of sizes (2nm - 1μm) was investigatedboth in homogeneous and heterogeneous gels and related to the gel structure.Second, we studied water-in-water-emulsions prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of PEO anddextran. It is shown that when colloidal particles are added they become trapped at the waterwaterinterface because they reduce the interfacial tension. The structure and the displacement ofthe particles at the interface were determined using CLSM combined with MPT
Benard, Hervé. "Réalisation et caractérisation non linéaire de guides d'ondes en polymères organiques en vue d'applications photoniques." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0085.
Full textSamol, Iga. "Implications de la protéine OEP16 dans la photoprotéction d'Arabidopsis thaliana lors du stress lumineux." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764372.
Full textBélisle, Jonathan M. "Développement et caractérisation d’une méthode photonique pour créer des distributions spatiales de protéines." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6317.
Full textCells are able to sense spatial distribution of proteins and accordingly migrate or extend in the appropriate direction. Understanding cellular responses to modifications in molecular spatial distributions is essential for advances in several fields such as development, immunology and oncology. A particularly complex example is axonal guidance that occurs during the development of the nervous system, which relies on distributions of attractive and repulsive guidance molecules to correctly wire this intricate network. Since several guidance cues collaborate to development of the nervous system, it is particularly difficult to assess the individual contribution of each cue and the signaling cascade each trigger in vivo; therefore methods to reproduce those distributions individually in vitro are necessary to study in detail the effect of each guidance cue. Several methods exist to produce graded distributions of protein that are either soluble or substrate-bound. A few methods making solution gradients are already widely used in several laboratories to perform experiments with the guidance cues that are normally diffusing in vivo. However, current methods allowing the fabrication of substrate-bound gradients are quite complex, which restrict their use to a few laboratories. First, we present a straightforward method exploiting photobleaching of a fluorescently tagged molecule using a visible laser to generating substrate-bound protein patterns: Laser-assisted protein adsorption by photobleaching (LAPAP). This method allows producing complex patterns of protein with micron spatial resolution and high dynamic range. An extensive characterization of the technique was performed and as proof of functionality, axons from dorsal root ganglions cells were guided on laminin peptide gradients. Secondly, LAPAP was improved in order to produce multicomponent patterns by using lasers at different wavelengths and antibodies conjugated to fluorophores corresponding to these wavelengths. Moreover, to speed-up the fabrication process and simplify the device, we developed widefield illumination LAPAP which uses a spatial light modulator, a light emitting diode and a standard microscope to directly print patterns. This patterning method is relatively simple compared to the original LAPAP setup, since it does not involve controlling the laser power or a motorized stage, but only sends an image of the desired pattern to a spatial light modulator. Finally, we used LAPAP to show how it could be used in automated high-content screening assays to quantify the morphological changes resulting from axon growth on gradients of guidance proteins. We produced thousands of laminin-1 gradients of different slopes and analyzed the variations in neurite guidance of neuron-like cells (RGC-5). An image analysis algorithm was developed to process bright field microscopy images, detecting each cell and quantifying the soma centroid and the initiation, terminal and turning angles of the maximal neurite. This data showed that laminin gradients influence the initiation angle of neurite extension of RGC-5, but does not contribute to its turning. We believe that the results presented in this thesis will facilitate the use of substrate- bound protein patterning in typical life science laboratories, since a confocal microscope or a slightly modified standard microscope is the only specialized equipment needed to fabricate patterns by LAPAP. This could increase the number of laboratories working with substrate-bound protein patterns in order to reach the critical mass necessary for major advances in neuroscience.
Desjardins-Lecavalier, Nicolas. "Sélection visuelle basée sur un phénotype migratoire, isolation et caractérisation de cellules uniques métastatiques." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25197.
Full textThe characterization of biological samples depends heavily on the optical microscope. However, it is technically challenging to isolate rare cells among a heterogeneous culture solely based on visual inspection at the microscope. Indeed, characteristics like location, morphology or displacement do not necessairly have specific related molecular markers. In order to solve this issue, the laboratory where I accomplished my master internship developped the Single Cell Magneto Optical Capture (scMOCa) wich uses commun reagents and a low powered laser to attach ferromagnetic beads on the cell plasma membrane and isolate the cells of interest with magnetic tools. The present work reports the application of scMOCa to the metastatic cell migration and the implemented adaptations to the technique in order to carry out the project, especially by increasing the number of single cells being isolated by a factor of 250. This adaptation requiered the study of photobleaching, phenomenon at the foundation of scMOCa. Briefly, the experiment consists to capture the cells presenting the most important migratory phenotypes, defined by their track analysis, among a heterogeneous metastatic cell culture. The experimental results show that the migratory phenotypes are preserved after several cell divisions. Also, the relative gene expression highlights some genes and gene groups owned to cellular migration.
Binan, Loïc. "Méthodes optiques d’attribution d’identifiants moléculaires à des cellules uniques pour assurer leur traçabilité." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22594.
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