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Journal articles on the topic 'Photocatalysis, simulation, wastewater, modeling'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Colina-Marquez, Jose, María Margarita Guerra, and Rodinson Arrieta- Perez. "Modeling of a Solar Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Reactor with TiO2 for Treatment of Wastewater Contaminated By Albendazole." INGENIERÍA Y COMPETITIVIDAD 21, no. 2 (August 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/iyc.v21i2.8105.

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Albendazole is an anthelmintic drug with antiangiogenic properties, which means that inhibits the development of new blood vessels. This causes a serious risk for the growth of fetus during pregnancy as a result. Heterogeneous photocatalysis has been proposed as an alternative for removal of this contaminant. In this study, a solar compound parabolic collector (CPC) photocatalytic reactor was modeled and simulated in order to describe the total organic carbon (TOC) degradation of commercial albendazole. The Six Flux Model approach (SFM) was used to estimate the Local Velocity Volumetric Rate of Photon Absorption (LVRPA) coupled with a Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetic model in order to describe the photocatalytic degradation of the TOC content of the contaminant and its photochemical oxidation products. The parameters of the L-H model were estimated from experimental data obtained with a catalyst loading of 0.6 g/l, initial pH of 5.0 and three different initial TOC concentrations of the commercial albendazole (159.95, 75.58 and 40 ppm). The rate constant (kT) and adsorption constant (K1), estimated from the parameter fitting, were 9.28×10-4 m1.5ppmW-0.5 s-1 and 3.02 × 10-2 ppm-1, respectively. The model was validated with experimental results, achieving a TOC removal of 40% with the lowest concentration of the contaminant. By simulating the process with different catalyst loadings, the maximum TOC removal was achieved with 0.21 g/L of TiO2.

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Luo, Minghan, Fan Zeng, Taeseop Jeong, Gongde Wu, and Qingqing Guan. "CFD Modeling of UV/H2O2 Process in Internal Airlift Circulating Photoreactor." Water 12, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 3237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113237.

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UV chemical degradation is a low-cost and sustainable wastewater treatment technology that protects the environment. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), mass transfer, and photochemical kinetic models combined with the continuous flow mode of UV/H2O2 were applied for the photochemical reaction of internal airlift circulation photocatalytic reactor to improve the efficiency of the reaction. Results show that with the increase in gas flow rate, the turbulence intensity and internal circulation effect of liquid in the reactor can be enhanced under the condition of constant baffle spacing. The CFD simulation prediction results of the chemical components in the liquid flow show that H2O2 has a high correlation with the OH radical formation, which depends on the intensity of UV. Thus, the degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) has a high correlation with UV intensity. The degradation efficiency of MB is improved with the increase in gas velocity by comparing the experimental data with the numerical simulation data. The experimental data are generally lower than the numerical prediction data, and although a certain difference range is observed, the overall prediction results are better.

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Luo, Minghan, Qiuwen Chen, Taeseop Jeong, and Jing Chen. "Numerical modelling of a three-phase internal air-lift circulating photocatalytic reactor." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 11 (August 29, 2017): 3044–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.477.

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Abstract The photocatalytic degradation process has been recognized as a low-cost, environmentally friendly and sustainable technology for water and wastewater treatment. As a key carrier of the photocatalytic process, the semiconductor TiO2 has been used in many studies. Analysis and modelling of hydrodynamics in the three-phase flow system can provide useful information for process design, operation and optimization of the three-phase flow photocatalytic reactor, which requires research on the mixing and flow characteristics of the interphase regions in the reactor. In this study, we modelled the hydrodynamics in an internal air-lift circulating photocatalytic reactor using an Eulerian multi-fluid approach. Localized information on phase holdup, fluid flow patterns and mixing characteristics was obtained. The simulation results revealed that the distribution of solid particle concentration depends on the flow field in the internal air-lift circulating photocatalytic reactor. The distance between the draft tube and wall of the reactor and changes in the superficial gas velocity (Ug) were found to be influential factors in reactor performance. The computational model developed could support optimizing reactor design to improve the hydrodynamics and provide guidance for scale-up.

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Wu, Chun Du, Zhi Hui Jiang, and Qing Jie Xie. "Numerical Simulation of Magnetic Field and Photocatalysis Coupling Swage Treatment Reactor." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1890.

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A new reactor was designed. It based on magnetic field and photocatalytic technology which have the ability to improve the swage treatment effect. It was improved and optimized according to combining photocatalysis with the magnetic field that could strengthen photocatalysis process. The modified k-ε equation model was used to simulate the wastewater velocity in the reactor. Results show that in the reaction zone,the fluid appeared circulation and the turbulence intensity was strong,which had advantage of increasing the contact of photocatalytic materials and organic molecules for improving the magnetic field and photocatalysis coupling reactive efficiency.

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5

Andrews, John F. "Modeling and Simulation of Wastewater Treatment Processes." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 11-12 (December 1, 1993): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0654.

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Several different types of models which can be useful in describing the dynamic behavior of wastewater treatment plants are discussed. Included among these are (1) visual, (2) linguistic, (3) mental, (4) physical, (5) mathematical, and (6) fuzzy models. Some of the basic concepts of modeling with emphasis on the relationship of these to engineering research and practice are then presented, these being (1) differences in the use of, and expectations from, models by researchers and practitioners, (2) sources of information useful for model development, (3) the amount and type of testing needed for model validation, and (4) the required accuracy of models. Computer simulation is necessary for the solution of most dynamic models. Recent advances in both hardware and software for personal computers have resulted in inexpensive, user-friendly systems suitable for use in both large and small organizations as well as by individual engineers.

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6

Al-Barakat, Huda Saeed, Falah Kaify Matloub, Sata Kathum Ajjam, and Tahseen Ali Al-Hattab. "Modeling and Simulation of Wastewater Electrocoagulation Reactor." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 871 (June 18, 2020): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/871/1/012002.

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7

Li, Dandan, Fengzhen Chen, and Jianqiu Han. "A study of the treatment of high-salt chromium-containing wastewater by the photocatalysis-constructed wetland combination method." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 10 (November 15, 2019): 1956–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.017.

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Abstract In this study, iron ore slag as the photocatalyst was introduced into a constructed wetland simulation system. A comparative experiment of the constructed wetland method and photocatalysis-constructed wetland combination method that treats the high-salt chromium-containing wastewater was carried out. The best hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the photocatalysis-constructed wetland combination system was studied. The effects of these two methods on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and Cr(VI) reduction rate of the high-salt chromium-containing wastewater were analysed after 14 periods. The results showed that under the optimal HRT of 4 hours, the COD and BOD5 of the wastewater reduced by 47% and 31%, and the reduction rate of Cr(VI) was 83% separately in the constructed wetland system. The COD and BOD5 of the wastewater reduced by 83% and 42%, and the reduction rate of Cr(VI) was 96% separately in the photocatalysis-constructed wetland combination method system. At the same time, the changes in plant parameters under these two systems were studied, and the results showed that the addition of photocatalyst and hydrogen peroxide to constructed wetlands did not affect the normal indicators of plant growth. The results showed that the photocatalysis-constructed wetland combination method not only reduced the treatment time greatly, but also improved the quality of the treated wastewater significantly.

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8

Liu, Sheng, Zi-Lin Su, Yi Liu, Lin-Ya Yi, Zhan-Li Chen, and Zhen-Zhong Liu. "Mechanism and Purification Effect of Photocatalytic Wastewater Treatment Using Graphene Oxide-Doped Titanium Dioxide Composite Nanomaterials." Water 13, no. 14 (July 11, 2021): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13141915.

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The present work aims to examine the mechanism and purification effect of graphene oxide (GO) and GO composite materials for photocatalysis sewage treatment. TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared using the sol-gel technique; GO was prepared using the modified Hummers technique; and finally, a new N-TiO2/GO photocatalysis composite material was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. As a nitrogen source, urea uses non-metal doping to broaden the photoresponse range of TiO2. The prepared GO and its composite materials are characterized. Simulation experiments, using the typical water dye pollutant rhodamine B (RhB), tested and analyzed the adsorption and photocatalysis performances of the prepared GO and its composite materials. Characterization analysis demonstrates that TiO2 is distributed on the GO surface in the prepared N-TiO2/GO material. Simultaneously, nitrogen doping causes TiO2 on the GO surface to seem uniformly dispersed. X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) spectrums suggest that TiO2 on the GO surface presents an anatase crystal structure; infrared spectrums display the characteristic vibration peaks of the TiO2 and GO. Adsorption performance analysis illustrates that N-TiO2/GO can provide an adsorption amount of 167.92 mg/g in the same time frame and photocatalysis for visible lights of 57.69%. All data present an excellent linear fitting relationship to the first-order dynamic equation. Therefore, the prepared GO composite materials possess outstanding absorption and photocatalysis performances, providing an experimental basis for sewage treatment and purification using photocatalysis approaches in the future.

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9

Satuf, M. L., S. José, J. C. Paggi, R. J. Brandi, A. E. Cassano, and O. M. Alfano. "Reactor modeling in heterogeneous photocatalysis: toxicity and biodegradability assessment." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 10 (May 1, 2010): 2491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.072.

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Photocatalysis employing titanium dioxide is a useful method to degrade a wide variety of organic and inorganic pollutants from water and air. However, the application of this advanced oxidation process at industrial scale requires the development of mathematical models to design and scale-up photocatalytic reactors. In the present work, intrinsic kinetic expressions previously obtained in a laboratory reactor are employed to predict the performance of a bench scale reactor of different configuration and operating conditions. 4-Chlorophenol was chosen as the model pollutant. The toxicity and biodegradability of the irradiated mixture in the bench photoreactor was also assessed. Good agreement was found between simulation and experimental data. The root mean square error of the estimations was 9.9%. The photocatalytic process clearly enhances the biodegradability of the reacting mixture, and the initial toxicity of the pollutant was significantly reduced by the treatment.

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10

Xie, Yuncheng, Ning Jiang, Wei Guan, Fangying Ji, Zhigang Xie, and Jing Zhang. "Novel Technology for Phenol Wastewater Treatment Using Electrochemical Reactor." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/235681.

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There are various electrochemical approaches to save energy, mostly by means of equipment improvement coupled with other water treatment technologies. Replacement of DC power with pulse power, modified reactor coupled with photocatalysis can decrease cost. But more or less additional input is developed, or infrastructure has to be replaced. In this paper, an N-Step electrochemical reactor, based on stage reaction modeling, is put forward. On the basis of not changing equipment investment and by adjustment of the operating current density at different levels, power consumption decreases. This model develops a foundation of electrochemical water treatment technology for the engineering application.

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11

Abou-Elela, S. I., O. Hamdy, and O. El Monayeri. "Modeling and simulation of hybrid anaerobic/aerobic wastewater treatment system." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 13, no. 5 (March 10, 2016): 1289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-016-0966-7.

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12

Guo, Y. J., W. Cheng, and P. S. Liu. "Porous ceramic foam loading titanium dioxide for photocatalytic degradation of the methyl orange solution." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 15, no. 6 (November 4, 2019): 1366–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-03-2019-0049.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an investigation on a new kind of photocatalytic material, namely, the porous ceramic foam loading titanium dioxide, which can make an effective photocatalytic degradation of the methyl orange (MO) solution in the wastewater. Design/methodology/approach The natural zeolite powder has been used as the primary raw material to produce a sort of lightweight porous ceramic foam by impregnating polymer foam in slurry and then sintering. With the sol-gel method, a kind of open-cell reticular porous ceramic foam loading TiO2 film was obtained having a good photocatalytic action, and the resultant porous composite product presents the bulk density of 0.3~0.6 g/cm3 to be able to float on water. Findings The MO could tend to be completely degraded in the solution with a certain concentration by the TiO2-loaded ceramic foam irradiated with ultraviolet light, and this composite foam was found to have high degradation efficiency for the MO solution in a wide range of pH. Originality/value This work presents a TiO2-loaded ceramic foam that can effectively photo-catalyze to degrade the MO in water, and the degradation efficiency were examined under different conditions of the MO solution with various pH values.

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13

Kissel, John C. "Modeling Mass Transfer in Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0059.

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Parameters characterizing intrasolid, liquid/solid, and gas/liquid mass transport phenomena in biological treatment systems are required if mass transfer is to be included in process models. Estimates of such parameters are presented and discussed. Collective and individual effects of mass transfer resistances are illustrated by computer simulation of a high-rate trickling filter.

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14

Pons, M. N., O. Potier, N. Roche, G. Jonca, F. Colin, C. Prost, and J. P. Corriou. "Modeling and Simulation of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants by Activated Sludge." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 26, no. 2 (July 1993): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)48721-0.

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15

Azam Marjani Saeed Shirazian, Mahboobeh Pishnamazi, and Mohammad Samipurgiri. "Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Wastewater Treatment Unit Using CFD." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 28, no. 1 (March 18, 2012): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/280108.

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16

Roman, Monica, and Dan Selisteanu. "Pseudo bond graph modeling of wastewater treatment bioprocesses." SIMULATION 88, no. 2 (April 2011): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549711402100.

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17

Gokcay, C. F., and G. Sin. "Modeling of a large-scale wastewater treatment plant for efficient operation." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 7 (October 1, 2004): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0433.

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Environmental legislations in the Western world impose stringent effluent quality standards for ultimate protection of the environment. This is also observed in Turkey. The current paper presents efforts made to simulate an existing 0.77 million m3/day conventional activated sludge plant located at Ankara, AWTP. The ASM1 model was used for simulation in this study. The model contains numerous stoichiometric and kinetic parameters, some of which need to be determined on case by case bases. The easily degradable COD (SS) was determined by two methods, physical-chemical and respirometric methods, namely. The latter method was deemed unreliable and rejected in the further study. Dynamic simulation with SSSP program predicted effluent COD and MLSS values successfully while overestimating OUR. A complete fit could only be obtained by introducing a dimensionless correction factor (ηO2 = 0.58) to the oxygen term in ASM1.

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18

Biliaiev, M. M., M. V. Lemesh, V. O. Zadoia, P. B. Mashykhina, L. H. Tatarko, and Z. M. Yakubovska. "Simulation of Biological Wastewater Treatment in Aerotanks with Moving Biocenosis." Science and Transport Progress. Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport, no. 1(91) (February 15, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2021/227358.

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Purpose. The main purpose of the article is to develop a numerical model for the analysis of the process of biological wastewater treatment in a reactor with a mobile biocenosis. Methodology. For mathematical modeling of the process of biological wastewater treatment in a reactor with a moving biocenosis, a hydrodynamic model of a non-viscous vortex-free flow is used. We calculated the boundary conditions for the modeling equation on the surfaces of the bioreactor, solid walls, and the upper surface; at the inlet boundary; at the outlet boundary from the building. To calculate the process of movement of activated sludge and substrate in the bioreactor, a mass transfer model is used, which takes into account the convective-diffusion movement of the substrate and activated sludge. The process of biological water purification in that part of the bioreactor where there are no mobile biocenosis carriers will be calculated based on the Monod model. The process of biological water purification in the part of the bioreactor where there are mobile carriers is calculated on the basis of an empirical model in three stages. The first stage is determined using the Harremoes model. At the second stage, the rate of substrate «consumption» in the biofilm is calculated. At the third stage, the change in the substrate concentration in the zone where the biocenosis carriers are located is determined due to convective movement, substrate diffusion in the flow and its destruction in the biofilm on the carriers. The chaotic motion of biocenosis carriers in the reactor is modeled based on the parabolic diffusion equation. Finite-difference schemes are used for numerical integration of modeling equations. Findings. The software implementation of the constructed numerical model is carried out. A computational experiment to determine the efficiency of biological wastewater treatment in different parts of the bioreactor was conducted. Originality. An effective multifactorial numerical model has been created, which allows quick analysis of the efficiency of biological wastewater treatment in an aeration tank with mobile biocenosis carriers. Practical value. The created two-dimensional numerical model can be used for serial calculations at the stage of designing biological wastewater treatment systems and analysis of the efficiency of bioreactors under different operating conditions.

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Ryu, Jun-Hyung, Tae-Jin Kim, Tae-Young Lee, and In-Beum Lee. "A study on modeling and simulation of capacitive deionization process for wastewater treatment." Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 41, no. 4 (July 2010): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2010.04.003.

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20

Barati, Fariborz, Mehdi Ghadiri, Reza Ghasemi, and Hasan Mohammadi Nobari. "CFD Simulation and Modeling of Membrane-Assisted Separation of Organic Compounds from Wastewater." Chemical Engineering & Technology 37, no. 1 (December 19, 2013): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201300278.

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Et. al., Dr B. Suresh Kumar,. "Modeling and Simulation of Feedback based Linear Electromechanical actuator." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 970–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1109.

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An actuator is a device that which provides control over certain automation systems and also provides tuning in movement or positioning in various applications like manufacture of valves, motor, wastewater treatment plants, onboard electronics based on the type of configuration of type of actuators. Out of the available types of actuators, linear Electro Mechanical Actuators (EMA) is a powerful and advanced tool which provides optimal solution for the field of automation, various applications where high speed, high precision with control are required. This paper proposes to have velocity feedback system to entire function of EMA’s in order to improve its functionality, and thus enhances the efficiency. This paper also proposes modeling and simulation of normal conventional linear Electro Mechanical Actuator and velocity feedback controlled EMA and compares the results in MATLAB/SIMULINK.

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22

Belarbi, Siham, Mustapha Mahi, Youssef Abarghaz, and Najib Bendaou. "Modeling and recycling simulation of the wastewater treatment plant of the city of Mrirt." Water Practice and Technology 8, no. 3-4 (September 1, 2013): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2013.018.

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This work focuses on the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the city in Morocco called ‘Mrirt’. This WWTP produces quite noticeable odors especially from the anaerobic ponds, leading to the search for a solution to reduce odors. The location is not far from habitations. The solution chosen is the recycling of effluent from the exit of the plant towards the anaerobic ponds. The study consists in modeling the effect of recycling wastewater. Modeling discussed is to bring the operation of the anaerobic and facultative ponds by mathematical models that can then be used to perform simulations of the projected order to determine the impact on the recycling wastewater solution. Recycled effluent and its injection into anaerobic lagoons is a process and a new experience in Morocco. The simulation results of this new principle are quite promising and may thus constituted a platform for future projects of sewage treatment plants on the one hand and for projects and solutions to reduce odors from anaerobic lagoons on the other hand. It should be noted that it was very difficult to choose the parameters used as input data for modeling anaerobic lagoons.

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23

Avelar, Nayara Vilela, Ana Augusta Passos Rezende, Antonio Marcos de Oliveira Siqueira, Cláudio Mudadu Silva, and Angélica de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro. "Computational modeling of biosludge drying." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss8.3280.

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Considerable increases in industrial and urban wastewater sludge generation in recent years require proper treatment, such as thermal drying, and disposal. The sludge drying is a complex process involving simultaneous and coupled heat and mass transfer, which can be modeled by taking into account mass and heat balances, and assuming that water diffuses according to kinetic laws. This research implemented a simulation model for biosludge drying processes to predict the temperature and moisture distribution inside the biosludge, using the COMSOL Multiphysics® simulation program v5.2. A parametric analysis was carried out to determine the effect of initial moisture content on biosludge final temperature and moisture reduction. The simulated temperature and moisture content were experimentally validated and good agreement was observed between the simulation and experimental results. This model is a useful tool to optimize the drying process and develop better strategies for the control of the system.

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Lacerda, Lucy Mara Cacia Ferreira, Maria Isabel Queiroz, Luis Tadeu Furlan, Mauro José Lauro, Kelerson Modenesi, Eduardo Jacob-Lopes, and Telma Teixeira Franco. "Improving refinery wastewater for microalgal biomass production and CO2 biofixation: Predictive modeling and simulation." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 78, no. 3-4 (September 2011): 679–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2011.07.003.

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García de Bullen, Pura, Ranjna Jindal, and Kraichat Tantrakarnapa. "Modeling of Cadmium Removal from Domestic Wastewater in Constructed Wetlands Using STELLA Simulation Program." Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste 15, no. 2 (April 2011): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hz.1944-8376.0000083.

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Hendren, Christine Ogilvie, Appala R. Badireddy, Elizabeth Casman, and Mark R. Wiesner. "Modeling nanomaterial fate in wastewater treatment: Monte Carlo simulation of silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag)." Science of The Total Environment 449 (April 2013): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.078.

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Qi, Wei-Kang, Yi-Ling Guo, Lin-Meng Su, Michael Norton, Yu Qin, and Yu-You Li. "An anoxic/oxic submerged constructed wetlands process for wastewater treatment: Modeling, simulation and evaluation." Ecological Engineering 67 (June 2014): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.03.074.

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Chaize, S., and A. Huyard. "Membrane Bioreactor on Domestic Wastewater Treatment Sludge Production and Modeling Approach." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 7-9 (April 1, 1991): 1591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0613.

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The membrane bioreactor, with an increase of biomass concentration in the aeration tank, permit work with low F/M ratio and a reduction in sludge production. The membrane bioreactor potentialities have been tested on a laboratory pilot for domestic wastewater treatment. Various operating conditions (HRT, SRT) were applied to investigate organic and nitrogen removal as well as sludge production. Two modeling approaches were tested (maintenance phenomena, single sludge simulation process) with unsuccessfull predictions. Futher investigations are needed to better understand biological kinetics and phenomena in membrane bioreactor and to obtain higher flux on membrane processes.

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Ding, Mali, Weijun Zhang, Zhaofeng Xie, Rihua Lei, Jianfang Wang, and Wei Gao. "Selective separation and recovery of silver and copper from mixtures by photocatalysis." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 16-19 (July 26, 2017): 1744096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217440969.

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Separation and recovery of valuable metals including silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) from electronic waste mixtures are of great economic and environmental importance. Recent years, semiconductor photocatalysts have been investigated intensively for the removal of Ag from wastewater. Few studies have been carried out on the effect of pH and co-exist metal ions such as Cu on Ag. In this study, ZnO and TiO2 were applied as photocatalysts to target on the selective recovery Ag and Cu from its mixtures under UV light. The effects of pH, catalyst, ethylene-diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the Ag and Cu photo-reduction were studied. Modeling of Ag[Formula: see text] and Cu[Formula: see text] with and without EDTA distribution together with metal precipitations was plotted against pH to understand the chemistry involved in photocatalysis. Experimental results showed that Ag[Formula: see text] photo-reduction was nearly completed by ZnO and TiO2 to Ag metal, while Cu[Formula: see text] photo-reduction to Cu2O only occurs by ZnO in the presence of EDTA. This work illustrates that semiconductor photocatalysts are suitable for selective recovery of Ag and Cu from wastewaters.

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Bodzek, Michał, and Mariola Rajca. "Photocatalysis in the treatment and disinfection of water. Part I. Theoretical backgrounds / Fotokataliza w oczyszczaniu i dezynfekcji wody część i. podstawy teoretyczne." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 19, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 489–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10216-011-0036-5.

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Abstract Photocatalysis process belongs to an advanced oxidation technology for the removal of persistent organic compounds and microorganisms from water. It is the technology with a great potential, a low-cost, environmental friendly and sustainable treatment technology to align with the “zero” waste scheme in the water/wastewater industry. At present, the main technical barriers that impede its full commercialization remained on the post-recovery of the catalyst particles after water treatment. This paper reviews the background of the process and photooxidation mechanisms of the organic pollutants and microorganisms. The review of the latest progresses of engineered-photocatalysts, photo-reactor systems, and the kinetics and modeling associated with the photocatalytic and photodisinfection water and wastewater treatment process, has been presented. A number of potential and commercial photocatalytic reactor configurations are discussed, in particular the photocatalytic membrane reactors. The effects of key photo-reactor operation parameters and water quality on the photoprocess performances in terms of the mineralization and disinfection are assessed.

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Degtyarev, Andrey A., Ludmila G. Razumova, and Alexandra V. Trishina. "Approaches to the simulation of microbiological wastewater treatment using cellular automata." Butlerov Communications 59, no. 7 (July 31, 2019): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-7-109.

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The article discusses an approach to modeling microbiological wastewater treatment using simulation modeling by cellular automata. A model of the evolution of one type of microorganisms in a nutrient medium has been built and its research has been conducted by means of a numerical experiment. Non-colony-prone microorganisms and having the same scale in all dimensions were taken as model microorganisms. Nutrient medium is adopted single-component and having a uniform initial distribution. The influence of the size of the cellular automaton field and the characteristics of the division of bacteria on the parameters and behavior of the system was investigated. It was determined that, when using periodic boundary conditions, the scale of the field, when its size is more than 20×20 cells, does not affect the evolution of the system. The bacterial reproduction rate affects both the appearance of the concentration curves of bacteria and the nutrient component, as well as the internal parameters of the model, such as the average return of bacteria and the supply of nutrients accumulated by bacteria. The rate of decrease in the concentration of the nutrient increases until the maximum concentration of bacteria is reached, then there is an inflection point and then the decrease in the concentration of the nutrient medium is approximately exponential. The advantages/disadvantages of this approach and its applicability to specific phenomena and technological processes are given, which, in addition to microbiological water treatment, include the processes of biodegradation of toxic substances, industrial and food waste, the death of microorganisms upon contact with a toxic substance. The source code of the program that implements the simulator model is written in Python and is freely available.

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Li, Caifang, Xianliang Wu, Junyue Shan, Jing Liu, and Xianfei Huang. "Preparation, Characterization of Graphitic Carbon Nitride Photo-Catalytic Nanocomposites and Their Application in Wastewater Remediation: A Review." Crystals 11, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070723.

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Energy crisis and environmental pollution are the major problems of human survival and development. Photocatalytic technology can effectively use solar energy and is prospective to solve the above-mentioned problems. Carbon nitride is a two-dimensional polymer material with a graphite-like structure. It has good physical and chemical stabilities, unique chemical and electronic energy band structures, and is widely used in the field of photocatalysis. Graphitic carbon nitride has a conjugated large π bond structure, which is easier to be modified with other compounds. thereby the surface area and visible light absorption range of carbon nitride-based photocatalytic composites can be insignificantly increased, and interface electron transmission and corresponding photogenerated carriers separation of streams are simultaneously promoted. Therefore, the present study systematically introduced the basic catalytic principles, preparation and modification methods, characterization and calculation simulation of carbon nitride-based photocatalytic composite materials, and their application in wastewater treatment. We also summarized their application in wastewater treatment with the aid of artificial intelligence tools. This review summarized the frontier technology and future development prospects of graphite phase carbon nitride photocatalytic composites, which provide a theoretical reference for wastewater purification.

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Yin, Hai-long, Zu-xin Xu, Huai-zheng Li, and Song Li. "Numerical Modeling of Wastewater Transport and Degradation in Soil Aquifer." Journal of Hydrodynamics 18, no. 5 (October 2006): 597–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6058(06)60141-8.

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Ryhiner, Gerhard B., Elmar Heinzle, and Irving J. Dunn. "Modeling and simulation of anaerobic wastewater treatment and its application to control design: Case whey." Biotechnology Progress 9, no. 3 (May 1993): 332–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp00021a013.

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Tsuneda, Satoshi, Joseph Auresenia, Takayuki Morise, and Akira Hirata. "Dynamic modeling and simulation of a three-phase fluidized bed batch process for wastewater treatment." Process Biochemistry 38, no. 4 (December 2002): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-9592(02)00184-x.

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Nowee, Seyed Mostafa, Mostafa Taherian, Mohsen Salimi, and Seyed Mahmoud Mousavi. "Modeling and simulation of phenol removal from wastewater using a membrane contactor as a bioreactor." Applied Mathematical Modelling 42 (February 2017): 300–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2016.10.027.

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Elawwad, Abdelsalam. "Optimized biological nitrogen removal of high-strength ammonium wastewater by activated sludge modeling." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 8, no. 3 (April 21, 2017): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2017.200.

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Abstract Wastewater containing high ammonium concentrations is produced from various industrial activities. In this study, the author used a complex activated sludge model, improved by utilizing BioWin© (EnviroSim, Hamilton, Canada) simulation software, to gain understanding of the problem of instability in biological nitrogen removal (BNR). Specifically, the study focused on BNR in an industrial wastewater treatment plant that receives high-strength ammonium wastewater. Using the data obtained from a nine-day sampling campaign and routinely measured data, the model was successfully calibrated and validated, with modifications to the sensitive stoichiometric and kinetic parameters. Subsequently, the calibrated model was employed to study various operating conditions in order to optimize the BNR. These operating conditions include alkalinity addition, sludge retention time, and the COD/N ratio. The addition of a stripping step and modifications to the configuration of the aerators are suggested by the author to increase the COD/N ratio and therefore enhance denitrification. It was found that the calibrated model could successfully represent and optimize the treatment of the high-strength ammonium wastewater.

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Cho, Young-Sang, Younghyun Lee, Nahee Ku, Sugueun Ji, and Young Seok Kim. "Synthesis of Porous Particles by Electrospray-Assisted Self-Assembly for Water-Repellent or Photocatalytic Surfaces." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 58, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2020.58.2.112.

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In this study, an electrospray technique was used for the synthesis of macroporous ceramic particles, such as silica or titania, by a colloidal templating method. For this purpose, a suspension of polystyrene nanospheres was synthesized by dispersion polymerization for use as sacrificial templates. The feed solution containing a ceramic precursor and polymeric beads was injected through a metallic nozzle under a high electric field for nebulization of aerosol droplets as micro-reactors. Under ambient air conditions, the volatile components were evaporated from the droplets, and gelation of the precursor was completed simultaneously. The resulting supra-aggregates were then collected, and calcination was performed to form porous ceramic particles by removing the polymeric templates. As a demonstrative application, the porous particles of silica were deposited as a coating film for superhydrophobic surfaces with a high water contact angle larger than 150°. Furthermore, macroporous titania particles were used as photocatalytic particles in a wastewater system with first-order reaction kinetics.

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Acosta-Herazo, Raúl, Briyith Cañaveral-Velásquez, Katrin Pérez-Giraldo, Miguel A. Mueses, María H. Pinzón-Cárdenas, and Fiderman Machuca-Martínez. "A MATLAB-Based Application for Modeling and Simulation of Solar Slurry Photocatalytic Reactors for Environmental Applications." Water 12, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082196.

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Because of the complexity caused by photochemical reactions and radiation transport, accomplishing photoreactor modeling usually poses a barrier for young researchers or research works that focus on experimental developments, although it may be a crucial tool for reducing experimental efforts and carrying out a more comprehensive analysis of the results. This work presents PHOTOREAC, an open-access application developed in the graphical user interface of Matlab, which allows a user-friendly evaluation of the solar photoreactors operation. The app includes several solar photoreactor configurations and kinetics models as well as two variants of a radiation absorption-scattering model. Moreover, PHOTOREAC incorporates a database of 26 of experimental solar photodegradation datasets with a variety of operational conditions (model pollutants, photocatalyst concentrations, initial pollutant concentrations); additionally, users can introduce their new experimental data. The implementation of PHOTOREAC is presented using three example cases of solar photoreactor operation in which the impact of the operational parameters is explored, kinetic constants are estimated according to experimental data, and comparisons are made between the available models. Finally, the impact of the application on young researchers’ projects in photocatalysis at the University of Cartagena was investigated. PHOTOREAC is available upon request from Professor Miguel Mueses.

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Gu, Fu Guang, Zhao Bo Chen, Hong Cheng Wang, Shun Li Zhang, and Shu Kai Nie. "The Application of Support Vector Regression Models which Based on MATLAB on the Simulation of Wastewater Treatment Plant." Advanced Materials Research 664 (February 2013): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.664.197.

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Mathematical modeling and simulation technology is a very important wastewater treatment plant data processing analysis tools. To analysis the wastewater treatment plant operation process, this study was realized on MATLAB and LIB-SVM tools. Determine the five feed water quality indexes (water inflow, pH, temperature, COD, MLSS) as input variables and the effluent COD concentration as output variable. Within the SVM modeling, through the GA algorithm, PSO algorithm and the grid search method to separately carried on the model parameters optimization. Through the verification results show that SVM model predicted the COD concentration average relative error is 0.0165, which has higher accuracy, which can meet the actual requirements of water quality prediction.

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Bernier, Jean, Paul Lessard, and Martin Girard. "A simulation of the fate of nitrogen in an on-site wastewater treatment system." Water Quality Research Journal 46, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2011.028.

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An experiment to study and to build a mathematical model to reproduce the behavior of nitrogen in a residential wastewater treatment process was performed. A pilot unit receiving grey and black water was used. The pilot consisted in a septic tank followed by a fixed-film, partly aerated bioreactor with effluent recirculation operated under two different scenarios: normal operating conditions and increased influent flow. Modeling was performed with the GPS-X™ software. Following a sensitivity analysis, the model was calibrated by comparing results from the pilot experiment and those of the simulation predictions. Obtained results show that the studied pilot unit is able to eliminate most of the ammonia contained in the influent, except for days with exceptionally high influent concentrations. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) reduction is also near complete and a partial denitrification is present. The calibrated model shows a good agreement with results obtained in the pilot unit, although work remains to be done for nitrates. Modeling of residential wastewater treatment appears to be a useful tool for understanding, optimizing and predicting the expected performances of such a system.

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Vega-De Lille, Marisela, Frauke Groß, and Antonio Delgado. "Modeling, simulation and adaptive process control of biotechnological processes in decentralized anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater." PAMM 14, no. 1 (December 2014): 893–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201410427.

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Charmot-Charbonnel, Marie-Louise, Gilles Ripoche, Nicolas Roche, and Christian Prost. "Modeling and Simulation of Activated Sludge Process with Cyclic Feeding for Treatment of Highly Loaded Wastewater." Chemical Engineering & Technology 22, no. 1 (January 1999): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4125(199901)22:1<50::aid-ceat50>3.0.co;2-4.

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Ashrafi, Omid, Laleh Yerushalmi, and Fariborz Haghighat. "Greenhouse gas emission by wastewater treatment plants of the pulp and paper industry – Modeling and simulation." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 17 (September 2013): 462–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.06.006.

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Ni, Bing-Jie, Wen-Ming Xie, Shao-Gen Liu, Han-Qing Yu, Ying-Zhe Wang, Gan-Wang, and Xian-Liang Dai. "Modeling and simulation of the sequencing batch reactor at a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant." AIChE Journal 55, no. 8 (August 2009): 2186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.11820.

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Rana, Keka, Toulik Maitra, Indrashis Saha, Ankit Saha, Sarani Gupta, and Debasish Sarkar. "Modeling, simulation, and characterization of spinning basket membrane module in recovery of proteins from synthetic wastewater." Journal of Water Process Engineering 42 (August 2021): 102135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102135.

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Bába, Barnabás, and Tamás Karches. "Sizing of a decentralized wastewater treatment unit supported by biokinetic modeling." Pollack Periodica 15, no. 1 (April 2020): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/606.2020.15.1.10.

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Abstract Decentralized wastewater systems treat, dispose and reuse the wastewater in the vicinity of source, reducing the sewage transportation cost to minimal. As an alternative to centralized systems it can function as a satellite system or an individual wastewater treatment unit. Design an onsite facility applies the same sizing procedure compared the conventional large scale systems, whereas the input flow data and its variability, the model parameters could differ. In this study a small size treatment unit was designed by biokinetic modeling, where the model parameters were estimated using analytical methods. As a result of the calculation the biomass build-up and the quality of the treated effluent was predicted and the operation parameters were determined in summer and winter operation.

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Mitre, J. F., A. I. Lacerda, and R. F. De Lacerda. "MODELING AND SIMULATION OF THERMOELECTRIC PLANT OF COMBINED CYCLES AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2005): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v4i1.3554.

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The impact any power plant has upon the environment must be minimized as much as possible. Due to its high efficiency, low emission levels and low cooling requirements, combined cycle plants are considered to be environmentally friendly. This study evaluates the effect of operational conditions on pollutants (CO, CO2, SOx, NOx) emissions levels, waste-heat and wastewater of a combined-cycle natural gas and steam power plant. The HYSYS process simulation was used for modelling and simulation. The study clearly shows that the absolute quantity of pollutants emitted is high. Also, it was possible to verify that the unit operate in the condition of minimal emissions regarding the maximum possible, and thus a reduction or elimination of such pollutants is not possible.

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Yoshino, Hiroyuki, and Yoshinori Kawase. "Kinetic Modeling and Simulation of Zero-Valent Iron Wastewater Treatment Process: Simultaneous Reduction of Nitrate, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Phosphate in Semiconductor Acidic Wastewater." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52, no. 50 (December 3, 2013): 17829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie402797j.

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Gogina, Elena, and Olga Yantsen. "Modeling of processes of wastewater treatment from nitrogen compounds in the trickling biofilter." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 03041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825103041.

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At least 70% of WWTP of small capacity in Russia include biofilters, that's why development of new technologies for treatment and methods of reconstruction are the points of great interest This abstract describes the methods and techniques of biofilters reconstruction to achieve desired water quality. The presence of biogenic compounds (NH4, PO4) in the water body are one of the causes of eutrophication. The article considers the methodology of modeling processes of wastewater treatment in the biofilters: The results of sanitary - chemical researches and researches of the formed biomass are given. Based on the obtained data, laboratory models for hydraulic modeling and simulation of denitrification-nitrification processes on biofilters were developed. Modified mathematical model for calculating the height of the biofilters received specific mathematical dependences for the studied feed material.

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