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Journal articles on the topic 'Photocatalytic membranes'
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1
Romay, Marta, Nazely Diban, Maria J. Rivero, Ane Urtiaga, and Inmaculada Ortiz. "Critical Issues and Guidelines to Improve the Performance of Photocatalytic Polymeric Membranes." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (May 19, 2020): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050570.
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Photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMR), with immobilized photocatalysts, play an important role in process intensification strategies; this approach offers a simple solution to the typical catalyst recovery problem of photocatalytic processes and, by simultaneous filtration and photocatalysis of the aqueous streams, facilitates clean water production in a single unit. The synthesis of polymer photocatalytic membranes has been widely explored, while studies focused on ceramic photocatalytic membranes represent a minority. However, previous reports have identified that the successful synthesis of polymeric photocatalytic membranes still faces certain challenges that demand further research, e.g., (i) reduced photocatalytic activity, (ii) photocatalyst stability, and (iii) membrane aging, to achieve technological competitiveness with respect to suspended photocatalytic systems. The novelty of this review is to go a step further to preceding literature by first, critically analyzing the factors behind these major limitations and second, establishing useful guidelines. This information will help researchers in the field in the selection of the membrane materials and synthesis methodology for a better performance of polymeric photocatalytic membranes with targeted functionality; special attention is focused on factors affecting membrane aging and photocatalyst stability.
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Argurio, Pietro, Enrica Fontananova, Raffaele Molinari, and Enrico Drioli. "Photocatalytic Membranes in Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors." Processes 6, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6090162.
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The present work gives a critical overview of the recent progresses and new perspectives in the field of photocatalytic membranes (PMs) in photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs), thus highlighting the main advantages and the still existing limitations for large scale applications in the perspective of a sustainable growth. The classification of the PMRs is mainly based on the location of the photocatalyst with respect to the membranes and distinguished in: (i) PMRs with photocatalyst solubilized or suspended in solution and (ii) PMRs with photocatalyst immobilized in/on a membrane (i.e., a PM). The main factors affecting the two types of PMRs are deeply discussed. A multidisciplinary approach for the progress of research in PMs and PMRs is presented starting from selected case studies. A special attention is dedicated to PMRs employing dispersed TiO2 confined in the reactor by a membrane for wastewater treatment. Moreover, the design and development of efficient photocatalytic membranes by the heterogenization of polyoxometalates in/on polymeric membranes is discussed for applications in environmental friendly advanced oxidation processes and fine chemical synthesis.
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Bobirică, Constantin, Liliana Bobirică, Maria Râpă, Ecaterina Matei, Andra Mihaela Predescu, and Cristina Orbeci. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Ampicillin Using PLA/TiO2 Hybrid Nanofibers Coated on Different Types of Fiberglass." Water 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010176.
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New photocatalytic membranes based on polylactic acid (PLA)/TiO2 hybrid nanofibers deposited on fiberglass supports were prepared and tested for the removal of ampicillin from aqueous solutions. The electrospinning technique was used to obtain hybrid nanofibers that were deposited on three types of fiberglass with different structures, resulting in three distinct photocatalytic membranes namely fiberglass fabric plain woven-type membrane, fiberglass mat-type membrane, and fiberglass fabric one-fold edge-type membrane. The results of the photocatalytic tests showed that the highest efficiency of ampicillin removal from aqueous solution is obtained with the fiberglass fabric plain woven-type membrane. Although it has been shown that the rate of photocatalytic degradation of ampicillin is high, being practically eliminated within the first 30 min of photocatalysis, the degree of mineralization of the aqueous solution is low even after two hours of photocatalysis due to the degradation of PLA from the photocatalytic membrane. The instability of PLA in the reactive environment of the photocatalytic reactor, evidenced by morphological, mineralogical and spectroscopic analyzes as well as by kinetic studies, is closely related to the structure of the fiberglass membrane used as a support for PLA/TiO2 hybrid nanofibers.
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Dzhodzhyk, Oleh, Iryna Kolesnyk, Victoriia Konovalova, and Anatoliy Burban. "MODIFIED POLYETHERSULFONE MEMBRANES WITH PHOTOCATALYTIC PROPERTIES." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 11, no. 3 (August 28, 2017): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht11.03.277.
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Asiri, Abdullah M., Valerio Pugliese, Francesco Petrosino, Sher Bahadar Khan, Khalid Ahmad Alamry, Soliman Y. Alfifi, Hadi M. Marwani, Maha M. Alotaibi, Debolina Mukherjee, and Sudip Chakraborty. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dye on Blended Cellulose Acetate Membranes." Polymers 14, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030636.
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This work aimed to investigate the degradation performance of natural cellulose acetate (CA) membranes filled with ZnO nanostructures. Photocatalytic degradation of reactive toxic dye methylene blue (MB) was studied as a model reaction using UV light. A CA membrane was previously casted and fabricated through the phase inversion processes and laboratory-synthesized ZnO microparticles as filler. The prepared membrane was characterized for pore size, ultrafiltration (UF) performance, porosity, morphology using scanning electron micrographs (SEM), water contact angle and catalytic degradation of MB. The prepared membrane shows a significant amount of photocatalytic oxidation under UV. The photocatalytic results under UV-light radiation in CA filled with ZnO nanoparticles (CA/ZnO) demonstrated faster and more efficient MB degradation, resulting in more than 30% of initial concentration. The results also revealed how the CA/ZnO combination effectively improves the membrane’s photocatalytic activity toward methylene blue (MB), showing that the degradation process of dye solutions to UV light is chemically and physically stable and cost-effective. This photocatalytic activity toward MB of the cellulose acetate membranes has the potential to make these membranes serious competitors for removing textile dye and other pollutants from aqueous solutions. Hence, polymer–ZnO composite membranes were considered a valuable and attractive topic in membrane technology.
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Labuto, Geórgia, Sandra Sanches, João G. Crespo, Vanessa J. Pereira, and Rosa M. Huertas. "Stability of Polymeric Membranes to UV Exposure before and after Coating with TiO2 Nanoparticles." Polymers 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14010124.
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The combination of photocatalysis and membrane filtration in a single reactor has been proposed, since the photocatalytic treatment may degrade the pollutants retained by the membrane and reduce fouling. However, polymeric membranes can be susceptible to degradation by UV radiation and free radicals. In the present study, five commercial polymeric membranes were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation before and after applying a sol–gel coating with TiO2 nanoparticles. Membrane stability was characterized by changes in hydrophilicity as well as analysis of soluble substances and nanoparticles detached into the aqueous medium, and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) for structural, morphological, and elemental distribution analysis, respectively. The TiO2 coating conferred photocatalytic properties to the membranes and protected them during 6 h of UV radiation exposures, reducing or eliminating chemical and morphological changes, and in some cases, improving their mechanical resistance. A selected commercial nanofiltration membrane was coated with TiO2 and used in a hybrid reactor with a low-pressure UV lamp, promoting photocatalysis coupled with cross-flow filtration in order to remove 17α-ethinylestradiol spiked into an aqueous matrix, achieving an efficiency close to 100% after 180 min of combined filtration and photocatalysis, and almost 80% after 90 min.
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Shehab, Mohammed Ahmed, Nikita Sharma, Gábor Karacs, Lilla Nánai, István Kocserha, Klara Hernadi, and Zoltán Németh. "Development and Investigation of Photoactive WO3 Nanowire-Based Hybrid Membranes." Catalysts 12, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12091029.
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Novel hybrid structures have attracted attention in several instances of scientific research and different technological applications in this decade due to their novel characteristics and wide range of applicability. Hybrid membranes with multiple components (three or more) are also increasingly used in water purification applications, and their ease of handling and reusability make them a promising candidate for the degradation of organic pollutants by photocatalysis. In this study, the preparation and characterization of tungsten trioxide nanowire (WO3 NW)-based hybrid membrane structures are reported. Furthermore, the adsorption properties and photocatalytic efficiency of the as-prepared membranes against methylene blue (MB) organic dye under UV irradiation is also presented. Characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) are performed to study the morphology and surface of the as-prepared hybrid membranes. The removal efficiency of the hybrid membranes against MB is 77% in a 120 min decomposition reaction. The enhanced value can be attributed to the hybrid structure of the membrane that enhances not only the adsorption capability, but also the photocatalytic performance. Based on the results obtained, it is hoped that hybrid membrane technology could be a promising candidate for future photocatalysis-based water treatment applications.
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Shehab, Mohammed Ahmed, Nikita Sharma, Andrea Valsesia, Gábor Karacs, Ferenc Kristály, Tamás Koós, Anett Katalin Leskó, Lilla Nánai, Klara Hernadi, and Zoltán Németh. "Preparation and Photocatalytic Performance of TiO2 Nanowire-Based Self-Supported Hybrid Membranes." Molecules 27, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 2951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092951.
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Nowadays, the use of hybrid structures and multi-component materials is gaining ground in the fields of environmental protection, water treatment and removal of organic pollutants. This study describes promising, cheap and photoactive self-supported hybrid membranes as a possible solution for wastewater treatment applications. In the course of this research work, the photocatalytic performance of titania nanowire (TiO2 NW)-based hybrid membranes in the adsorption and degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation was investigated. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD) were used to study the morphology and surface of the as-prepared hybrid membranes. We tested the photocatalytic efficiency of the as-prepared membranes in decomposing methylene blue (MB) under UV light irradiation. The hybrid membranes achieved the removal of MB with a degradation efficiency of 90% in 60 min. The high efficiency can be attributed to the presence of binary components in the membrane that enhanced both the adsorption capability and the photocatalytic ability of the membranes. The results obtained suggest that multicomponent hybrid membranes could be promising candidates for future photocatalysis-based water treatment technologies that also take into account the principles of circular economy.
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Yang, Yawei, Tao Wu, and Wenxiu Que. "Fabrication of Nanoparticle/Polymer Composite Photocatalytic Membrane for Domestic Sewage In Situ Treatment." Materials 15, no. 7 (March 27, 2022): 2466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072466.
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Photocatalytic technology using semiconductor catalysts is a promising candidate for light-polluted water treatment. In the past decades, TiO2-related nanomaterials and photocatalytic devices have been applied for sewage ex-situ treatment. However, in situ photocatalytic technology using functional membranes is still needed for many large-scale outdoor scenarios. This work successfully fabricated a robust reusable photocatalytic membrane by firmly immobilizing TiO2 nanoparticles on polymer membranes, supported by various plastic substrates, through an industrial membrane blowing process. The as-fabricated photocatalytic membrane was fabricated by all low-cost and eco-friendly commercial materials and exhibited stable photocatalytic performance in domestic sewage in situ treatment in natural conditions. This work is expected to promote the photocatalytic membrane for practical application.
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Zubair, Usman, Muhammad Zahid, Nimra Nadeem, Kainat Ghazal, Huda S. AlSalem, Mona S. Binkadem, Soha T. Al-Goul, and Zulfiqar Ahmad Rehan. "The Design of Ternary Composite Polyurethane Membranes with an Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation Potential for the Removal of Anionic Dyes." Membranes 12, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12060630.
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Photocatalysis is an efficient and an eco-friendly way to eliminate organic pollutants from wastewater and filtration media. The major dilemma coupled with conventional membrane technology in wastewater remediation is fouling. In this study, the photocatalytic degradation potential of novel thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) based NiO on aminated graphene oxide (NH2-GO) nanocomposite membranes was explored. The fabrication of TPU-NiO/NH2-GO membranes was achieved by the phase inversion method and analyzed for their performances. The membranes were effectively characterized in terms of surface morphology, functional group, and crystalline phase identification, using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. The prepared materials were investigated in terms of photocatalytic degradation potential against selected pollutants. Approximately 94% dye removal efficiency was observed under optimized conditions (i.e., reaction time = 180 min, pH 3–4, photocatalyst dose = 80 mg/100 mL, and oxidant dose = 10 mM). The optimized membranes possessed effective pure water flux and excellent dye rejection (approximately 94%) under 4 bar pressure. The nickel leaching in the treated wastewater sample was determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The obtained data was kinetically analyzed using first- and second-order reaction kinetic models. A first-order kinetic study was suited for the present study. Besides, the proposed membranes provided excellent photocatalytic ability up to six reusability cycles. The combination of TPU and NH2-GO provided effective strength to membranes and the immobilization of NiO nanoparticles improved the photocatalytic behavior.
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Blanco, Miren, Cristina Monteserín, Adrián Angulo, Ana Pérez-Márquez, Jon Maudes, Nieves Murillo, Estíbaliz Aranzabe, Leire Ruiz-Rubio, and Jose Luis Vilas. "TiO2-Doped Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane for Photocatalytic Water Treatment." Polymers 11, no. 5 (April 26, 2019): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050747.
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This work has been focused on the one-step fabrication by electrospinning of polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibre membranes modified with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2), where these TiO2 nanoparticles aggregates could induce a photocatalytic activity. The main potential application of these membranes could be the purification of contaminated water. Thus, it is important to analyse the contaminant degradation capability since in these membranes this is based on their photocatalytic activity. In this work, the effect of the photocatalysis has been studied both on the degradation of an organic model contaminant and on the removal of Escherichia coli and other coliform bacteria. As a result, it was observed that these membranes present excellent photocatalytic activity when they are irradiated under UV light, allowing a 70% reduction of an organic model pollutant after 240 min. In addition, these membranes successfully removed Escherichia coli and other coliform bacteria in artificially inoculated water after 24 h of contact with them. Moreover, the stand-alone structure of the membranes allowed for the reusing of the immobilized catalyst. The experimental evidence indicated that developed nanofibre membranes are a fast and efficient solution for polluted water decontamination based on photocatalysis. Their use could contribute to guarantee a fresh water level and quality, mitigating the water scarcity problem worldwide.
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Huertas, Rosa M., Maria C. Fraga, João G. Crespo, and Vanessa J. Pereira. "Solvent-Free Process for the Development of Photocatalytic Membranes." Molecules 24, no. 24 (December 6, 2019): 4481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244481.
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This work described a new sustainable method for the fabrication of ceramic membranes with high photocatalytic activity, through a simple sol-gel route. The photocatalytic surfaces, prepared at low temperature and under solvent-free conditions, exhibited a narrow pore size distribution and homogeneity without cracks. These surfaces have shown a highly efficient and reproducible behavior for the degradation of methylene blue. Given their characterization results, the microfiltration photocatalytic membranes produced in this study using solvent-free conditions are expected to effectively retain microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi that could then be inactivated by photocatalysis.
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Nyamukamba, Pardon, Makwena Justice Moloto, and Henry Mungondori. "Visible Light-Active CdS/TiO2 Hybrid Nanoparticles Immobilized on Polyacrylonitrile Membranes for the Photodegradation of Dyes in Water." Journal of Nanotechnology 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5135618.
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Reusable photocatalytic polyacrylonitrile membrane-supported cadmium sulphide/titanium dioxide hybrid nanoparticles (CdS/TiO2-PAN) were prepared using a dry-wet phase inversion technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the photocatalytic membranes had a porous sublayer, a compact top layer, and that, some of the nanoparticles were not encapsulated by the membranes. The average crystallite sizes of the CdS, TiO2, and CdS/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles were 3.41 nm, 10.47 nm, and 12.17 nm, respectively. The combination of CdS and TiO2 nanoparticles led to a red shift (band gap; ca. 2.6 eV) of the absorption band and extended the optical absorption spectrum into the visible region relative to TiO2. The photocatalytic activity of CdS/TiO2-PAN membranes was explored in the degradation of methylene blue dye under visible light irradiation, and the results revealed that the best photocatalytic performance was achieved by 0.1 g CdS/TiO2-PAN photocatalytic membrane with 5% loading of the CdS/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles, which degraded 66.29% of methylene blue in 210 minutes at 25°C and pH 8.5. It was found that the optimum loading of nanoparticles in the membranes was 0.1 g. All the photocatalytic membranes showed an insignificant decrease in the photocatalytic activity when used repeatedly. According to literature, CdS/TiO2-PAN photocatalytic membranes have not been prepared before for the purpose of treating simulated wastewater.
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Fraga, Maria C., Rosa M. Huertas, João G. Crespo, and Vanessa J. Pereira. "Novel Submerged Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor for Treatment of Olive Mill Wastewaters." Catalysts 9, no. 9 (September 13, 2019): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9090769.
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A new hybrid photocatalytic membrane reactor that can easily be scaled-up was designed, assembled and used to test photocatalytic membranes developed using the sol–gel technique. Extremely high removals of total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, phenolic and volatile compounds were obtained when the hybrid photocatalytic membrane reactor was used to treat olive mill wastewaters. The submerged photocatalytic membrane reactor proposed and the modified membranes represent a step forward towards the development of new advanced treatment technology able to cope with several water and wastewater contaminants.
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Magnone, Edoardo, Jae Yeon Hwang, Min Chang Shin, Xuelong Zhuang, Jeong In Lee, and Jung Hoon Park. "Al2O3-Based Hollow Fiber Membranes Functionalized by Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide for Photocatalytic Degradation of Ammonia Gas." Membranes 12, no. 7 (July 6, 2022): 693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12070693.
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In recent years, reactive ammonia (NH3) has emerged as a major source of indoor air pollution. In this study, Al2O3-based hollow fiber membranes functionalized with nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide were produced and successfully applied for efficient heterogeneous photocatalytic NH3 gas degradation. Al2O3 hollow fiber membranes were prepared using the phase inversion process. A dip-coating technique was used to deposit titanium dioxide (TiO2) and nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO2) thin films on well-cleaned Al2O3-based hollow fiber membranes. All heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation tests of NH3 gas were performed with both UV and visible light irradiation at room temperature. The nitrogen doping effects on the NH3 heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation capacity of TiO2 were investigated, and the effect of the number of membranes (30, 36, 42, and 48 membranes) of the prototype lab-scale photocatalytic membrane reactor, with a modular design, on the performances in different light conditions was also elucidated. Moreover, under ultraviolet and visible light, the initial concentration of gaseous NH3 was reduced to zero after only fifteen minutes in a prototype lab-scale stage with a photocatalytic membrane reactor based on an N-TiO2 photocatalyst. The number of Al2O3-based hollow fiber membranes functionalized with N-TiO2 photocatalysts increases the capacity for NH3 heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation.
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Benhabiles, Ouassila, Francesco Galiano, Tiziana Marino, Hacene Mahmoudi, Hakim Lounici, and Alberto Figoli. "Preparation and Characterization of TiO2-PVDF/PMMA Blend Membranes Using an Alternative Non-Toxic Solvent for UF/MF and Photocatalytic Application." Molecules 24, no. 4 (February 17, 2019): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040724.
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The approach of the present work is based on the use of poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) polymer, which is compatible with PVDF and TiO2 nanoparticles in casting solutions, for the preparation of nano-composites membranes using a safer and more compatible solvent. TiO2 embedded poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/PMMA photocatalytic membranes were prepared by phase inversion method. A non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) coupled with vapor induced phase separation (VIPS) was used to fabricate flat-sheet membranes using a dope solution consisting of PMMA, PVDF, TiO2, and triethyl phosphate (TEP) as an alternative non-toxic solvent. Membrane morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Backscatter electron detector (BSD) mapping was used to monitor the inter-dispersion of TiO2 in the membrane surface and matrix. The effects of polymer concentration, evaporation time, additives and catalyst amount on the membrane morphology and properties were investigated. Tests on photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) were also carried out using the membranes entrapped with different concentrations of TiO2. The results of this study showed that nearly 99% MB removal can be easily achieved by photocatalysis using TiO2 immobilized on the membrane matrix. Moreover, it was observed that the quantity of TiO2 plays a significant role in the dye removal.
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El Baraka, Noureddine, Abdellatif Laknifli, Nabil Saffaj, Mourad Addich, Abdelaziz Ait Taleb, Rachid Mamouni, Abdelilah Fatni, and Mohamed Ait Baih. "Study of coupling photocatalysis and membrane separation using tubular ceramic membrane made from natural Moroccan clay and phosphate." E3S Web of Conferences 150 (2020): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015001007.
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This paper is devoted to study the feasibility of combining photocatalytic degradation with membrane filtration for the removal of organic pollutants. As a result, we have successfully prepared low-cost microfiltration membranes based on clay and phosphate. It is expected that the phosphate and clay composite membrane can have multifunctional separation and photocatalysis simultaneously and this type of composite membrane can play an important role in the photocatalytic reaction in presence of TiO2 and the separation process. We then tested the efficiency of the direct coupling of photodegradation and filtration to determine the rate of release of TiO2 particles through the microfiltration membrane. However, we have seen that the recovery of TiO2 exceeds a 96%, as well as the removal of products from the photodecomposition of the reaction mixture in the membrane photocatalytic reactor. In our case the methylene blue elimination rate exceeds 75%.
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Mofokeng, Lethula E., Lerato Hlekelele, John Moma, Zikhona N. Tetana, and Vongani P. Chauke. "Energy-Efficient CuO/TiO2@GCN Cellulose Acetate-Based Membrane for Concurrent Filtration and Photodegradation of Ketoprofen in Drinking and Groundwater." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031649.
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Photocatalytic membranes possessing both photocatalytic and solid-liquid separation capabilities were developed. These materials are based on ternary 1% CuO/TiO2@GCN (1:9) embedded on cellulose acetate (CA) via the phase inversion method. The CA membranes containing 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt% of 1% CuO/TiO2@GCN (1:9) (CTG–100, CTG–300 and CTG–500) were fabricated. The deposition of 1% CuO/TiO2@GCN (1:9) onto the CA membranes and the consequential changes in the materials’ properties were investigated with various characterization techniques. For instance, PXRD, FTIR, and XPS analysis provided evidence that photocatalytic membranes were formed. Electron microscopy and EDX were then used to visualize the photocatalytic membranes and show that the photocatalyst (1% CuO/TiO2@GCN (1:9)) was well dispersed onto the CA membrane. On the other hand, the properties of the photocatalytic membranes were scrutinized, where it was found that the membranes had a sponge-like morphology and that was significantly less hydrophilic compared to neat CA. The removal of KP in water using CTG–500 exhibited over 94% efficiency, while 38% for neat CA was achieved. Water permeability flux improved with increasing 1% CuO/TiO2@GCN (1:9) and hydrophilicity of the membranes. The electrical energy consumption was calculated and determined to be significantly lower than that of the CA membrane. The CTG–500 membrane after every cycle showed self-cleaning ability after operation in drinking and groundwater.
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Wang, Zhi Yang, Ling Wang, Lin Fei Yao, Mei Le Pei, and Guo Liang Zhang. "Membrane Separation Coupled with Photocatalysis for Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2571.
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Membrane separation coupled with photocatalysis process, which is also called photocatalytic membrane reactor (PMR), is a new hybrid technology working for water supply and wastewater treatment. Due to some unique advantages, such as nontoxic and continuous running, this kind of novel coupling systems has developed rapidly in the past few years. In this work, the characteristic and structure of configurations, photocatalysts and membranes are analyzed briefly.
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Rosman, Nurafiqah, Wan Norharyati Wan Salleh, Juhana Jaafar, Zawati Harun, Farhana Aziz, and Ahmad Fauzi Ismail. "Photocatalytic Filtration of Zinc Oxide-Based Membrane with Enhanced Visible Light Responsiveness for Ibuprofen Removal." Catalysts 12, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020209.
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The growing interest in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for developing photocatalytic membranes has provided a new direction in the search for efficient methods to concurrently separate and degrade contaminants. In this study, a visible light-responsive photocatalyst was blended into a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane casting solution to prepare PVDF-ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O MMMs using the wet phase inversion method. The potential of ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O as a photocatalytic component that is incorporated into the membrane was explored in detail under various loadings (0.5–2.91 wt%). The membranes were tested under ibuprofen (IBF) aqueous solution to analyze the membrane behavior in the synergistic combination of membrane filtration and photodegradation. The resulting PVDF-ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O membrane with a rougher membrane surface area and excellent light harvesting capability showed higher photocatalytic filtration activity in removing IBF under visible light irradiations. The MMM fluxes demonstrated higher IBF fluxes than their initial fluxes at certain durations. This indicates that the membrane actively responds to light irradiation. The increase in the positive flux could be attributed to the photoinduced hydrophilicity generated by the ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O photocatalyst, resulting in easier water layer formation and rapid transport through membranes. The highest IBF removal was demonstrated by the PVDF-ZAA2 membrane (1.96 wt% loading), with 49.96% of IBF removal within 180 min upon visible light irradiation. The reason for this lower IBF removal is that the UF membrane pores exceed the size of IBF molecules, thereby preventing the size exclusion mechanism. Thus, charge repulsion, hydrophobic adsorption, and photocatalytic activity were considered along with the IBF removal of the photocatalytic membranes. However, the recyclability of the PVDF-ZAA2 photocatalytic membrane showed a great improvement, with 99.01% of IBF removal recovery after three cycles. These results highlight the potential of such hybrid membranes in mitigating membrane fouling by providing a platform for photocatalysts to continuously degrade pollutants present in such wastewaters. Therefore, the hybridization of a photocatalyst and membrane provides insight that could be utilized to improve and retrofit current water effluent treatment methods.
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Corredor, Juan, Eduardo Perez-Peña, Maria J. Rivero, and Inmaculada Ortiz. "Performance of rGO/TiO2 Photocatalytic Membranes for Hydrogen Production." Membranes 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10090218.
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Although there are promising environmental and energy characteristics for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen, two main drawbacks must be overcome before the large- scale deployment of the technology becomes a reality, (i) the low efficiency reported by state of the art photocatalysts and, (ii) the short life time and difficult recovery of the photocatalyst, issues that need research and development for new high performance catalysts. In this work 2% rGO/TiO2 composite photocatalysts were supported over Nafion membranes and the performance of the photocatalytic membrane was tested for hydrogen production from a 20% vol. methanol solution. Immobilization of the composite on Nafion membranes followed three different simple methods which preserve the photocatalyst structure: solvent-casting (SC), spraying (SP), and dip-coating (DP). The photocatalyst was included in the matrix membrane using the SC method, while it was located on the membrane surface in the SP and DP membranes showing less mass transfer limitations. The performance of the synthesized photocatalytic membranes for hydrogen production under UVA light irradiation was compared. Leaching of the catalytic membranes was tested by measuring the turbidity of the solution. With respect to catalyst leaching, both the SC and SP membranes provided very good results, the leaching being lower with the SC membrane. The best results in terms of initial hydrogen production rate (HPR) were obtained with the SP and DP membrane. The SP was selected as the most suitable method for photocatalytic hydrogen production due to the high HPR and the negligible photocatalyst leaching. Moreover, the stability of this membrane was studied for longer operation times. This work helps to improve the knowledge on the application of photocatalytic membranes for hydrogen production and contributes in facilitating the large-scale application of this process.
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Ayral, André. "Ceramic Membranes Photocatalytically Functionalized on the Permeate Side and Their Application to Water Treatment." Membranes 9, no. 5 (May 23, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9050064.
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This work deals with direct coupling of membrane separation and photocatalytic degradation by using photocatalytic ceramic membranes. An unusual configuration is considered here, with the irradiation applied on the permeate side of the membrane in order to mineralize small organic molecules not retained by the membrane. Different types of such membranes are presented. Their functional performance is quantified thanks to a simple experimental method enabling the estimation of the specific degradation rate δ, i.e., the quantity of destroyed organic molecules per unit of time and of membrane surface area. The relevance of δ for the design and scale-up of purification units is then illustrated. Finally, current technological challenges and potential solutions concerning the industrial implementation of such photocatalytic membranes are discussed.
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Shao, Gai Qin. "Treatment of Dyes Wastewater with TiO2 Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2124.
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TiO2 photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs) are prospective technology of treating dyeing and printing wastewater. The type and structure of the PMRs currently used for dyes wastewater treating were introduced. In these systems TiO2 was successfully separated from water by means of excellent separation performance of membrane, reducing TiO2 loss, enhancing the utilization ratio of catalysts and improving effluent water quality. At the same time dyes and other macromolecular substances were degraded photocatalyticly, greatly improving the stain resistance to membrane and extending membranes service life.
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Tetteh, E. Kweinor, S. Rathilal, D. Asante-Sackey, and M. Noro Chollom. "Prospects of Synthesized Magnetic TiO2-Based Membranes for Wastewater Treatment: A Review." Materials 14, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 3524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133524.
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Global accessibility to clean water has stressed the need to develop advanced technologies for the removal of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants and pathogens from wastewater to meet stringent discharge water quality limits. Conventionally, the high separation efficiencies, relative low costs, small footprint, and ease of operation associated with integrated photocatalytic-membrane (IPM) technologies are gaining an all-inclusive attention. Conversely, photocatalysis and membrane technologies face some degree of setbacks, which limit their worldwide application in wastewater settings for the treatment of emerging contaminants. Therefore, this review elucidated titanium dioxide (TiO2), based on its unique properties (low cost, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and high chemical stability), to have great potential in engineering photocatalytic-based membranes for reclamation of wastewater for re-use. The environmental pathway of TiO2 nanoparticles, membranes and configuration types, modification process, characteristics, and applications of IPMs in water settings are discussed. Future research and prospects of magnetized TiO2-based membrane technology is highlighted as a viable water purification technology to mitigate fouling in the membrane process and photocatalyst recoverability. In addition, exploring life cycle assessment research would also aid in utilizing the concept and pressing for large-scale application of this technology.
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Chabalala, Mandla B., Nozipho N. Gumbi, Bhekie B. Mamba, Mohammed Z. Al-Abri, and Edward N. Nxumalo. "Photocatalytic Nanofiber Membranes for the Degradation of Micropollutants and Their Antimicrobial Activity: Recent Advances and Future Prospects." Membranes 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11090678.
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This review paper systematically evaluates current progress on the development and performance of photocatalytic nanofiber membranes often used in the removal of micropollutants from water systems. It is demonstrated that nanofiber membranes serve as excellent support materials for photocatalytic nanoparticles, leading to nanofiber membranes with enhanced optical properties, as well as improved recovery, recyclability, and reusability. The tremendous performance of photocatalytic membranes is attributed to the photogenerated reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, and superoxide anion radicals introduced by catalytic nanoparticles such as TiO2 and ZnO upon light irradiation. Hydroxyl radicals are the most reactive species responsible for most of the photodegradation processes of these unwanted pollutants. The review also demonstrates that self-cleaning and antimicrobial nanofiber membranes are useful in the removal of microbial species in water. These unique materials are also applicable in other fields such as wound dressing since the membrane allows for oxygen flow in wounds to heal while antimicrobial agents protect wounds against infections. It is demonstrated that antimicrobial activities against bacteria and photocatalytic degradation of micropollutants significantly reduce membrane fouling. Therefore, the review demonstrates that electrospun photocatalytic nanofiber membranes with antimicrobial activity form efficient cost-effective multifunctional composite materials for the removal of unwanted species in water and for use in various other applications such as filtration, adsorption and electrocatalysis.
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Kacprzyńska-Gołacka, Joanna, Monika Łożyńska, Wioletta Barszcz, Sylwia Sowa, Piotr Wieciński, Ewa Woskowicz, and Maciej Życki. "Influence of Deposition Parameters of TiO2 + CuO Coating on the Membranes Surface Used in the Filtration Process of Dairy Wastewater on Their Functional Properties." Membranes 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11040290.
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A novel approach of the deposition of two-component coating consisting of TiO2 and CuO on polymer membranes by MS-PVD method was presented in this work. This confirmed the possibility of using thin functional coatings for the modification of polymer membranes. The influence of technological parameters of the coating deposition on the membrane’s structure, chemical composition and functional properties (hydrophilic, photocatalytic and bactericidal properties) were analyzed using SEM. Model microorganism such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis have been used to check the antibacterial properties. The results indicated that doping with CuO highlights the potential of bactericidal efficiency. The surface properties of the membranes were evaluated with the surface free energy. For evaluating photocatalytic properties, the UV and visible light were used. The filtration tests showed that polymer membranes treated with two-component TiO2 + CuO coatings have a permeate flux similar to the reference material (non-coated membrane). The obtained results constitute a very promising perspective of the potential application of magnetron sputtering for deposition of TiO2 + CuO coatings in the prevention of biofouling resulted from the membrane filtration of dairy wastewater.
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Abu-Dalo, Muna A., Saja A. Al-Rosan, and Borhan A. Albiss. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Polymeric Membranes Based on Cellulose Acetate Impregnated with ZnO Nanostructures." Polymers 13, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 3451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193451.
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This paper studied the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) using polymeric membrane impregnated with ZnO nanostructures under UV-light and sunlight irradiation. ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO nanowires were prepared using the hydrothermal technique. Cellulose acetate polymeric membranes were fabricated by the phase inversion method using dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent and ZnO nanostructures. The structural properties of the nanostructures and the membranes were investigated using XRD, SEM, FTIR, and TGA measurements. The membranes were tested for photocatalytic degradation of MB using a UV lamp and a sunlight simulator. The photocatalytic results under sunlight irradiation in the presence of cellulose acetate impregnated with ZnO nanoparticles (CA-ZnO-NP) showed a more rapid degradation of MB (about 75%) compared to the results obtained under UV-light irradiation degradation (about 30%). The results show that CA-ZnO-NP possesses the photocatalytic ability to degrade MB efficiently at different levels under UV-light and sunlight irradiation. Modified membranes with ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO nanowires were found to be chemically stable, recyclable, and reproducible. The addition of ZnO nanostructure to the cellulose membranes generally enhanced their photocatalytic activity toward MB, making these potential membranes candidates for removing organic pollutants from aqueous solutions.
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Chen, Xingxing, Weiqi Zhou, Zhe Chen, and Lei Yao. "Study of the Photocatalytic Property of Polysulfone Membrane Incorporating TiO2 Nanoparticles." Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials 05, no. 02 (June 2017): 1750005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251237317500058.
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In order to investigate the effect of the incorporated nanoparticles on the photocatalytic property of the hybrid membranes, the uncovered and covered polysulfone/TiO2 hybrid membranes were prepared. Positron annihilation [Formula: see text]-ray spectroscopy coupled with a positron beam was utilized to examine the depth profiles of the two membranes. The photocatalytic activities of the membranes were evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution under the irradiation of Xe lamp. UV-Vis spectroscopy was applied to study the UV transmission through the polysulfone layer. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to detect the photo-generated charges by the covered membrane during the irradiation. It can be found that UV light can penetrate through the covered layer (about 230[Formula: see text]nm), and the incorporated nanoparticles can still generate charges under irradiation, which endows the photocatalytic ability of the covered membrane.
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Fan, Xianwei, Ran Zhao, Haoxuan Hu, Junyi Liu, Yahui Nie, and Dong Wang. "In-situ preparation of MOFs/SiC/PVA-Co-PE nanofiber membranes for efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO2." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 02056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125202056.
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In this paper, we prepared a polyvinyl alcohol-polyethylene (PVA-Co-PE) composite nanofiber membrane catalyst decorated by Fe-MOFs/SiC and completed the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 performance. The results show that the CO2 conversion rate of composite film materials under visible light irradiation is increased by 31 times compared with powdered Fe-MOFs/SiC materials. Through SEM, XRD, BET, FTIR, DRS and other characterization methods, the influencing factors of the photocatalytic CO2 reduction process of the composite nanofiber membrane were investigated. The synergistic effect of Fe-MOFs/SiC and nanofiber membrane photocatalysis is beneficial to electron-hole pairs. The effective separation and strong absorption in the visible light region make it exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity in the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction.
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Khurram, Rooha, Aroosa Javed, Ruihua Ke, Cheng Lena, and Zhan Wang. "Visible Light-Driven GO/TiO2-CA Nano-Photocatalytic Membranes: Assessment of Photocatalytic Response, Antifouling Character and Self-Cleaning Ability." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (August 8, 2021): 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082021.
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Photocatalysis and membrane technology in a single unit is an ideal strategy for the development of wastewater treatment systems. In this work, novel GO (x wt%)/TiO2-CA hybrid membranes have been synthesized via a facile non-solvent induced phase inversion technique. The strategy aimed to address the following dilemmas: (1) Effective utilization of visible light and minimize e−/h+ recombination; (2) Enhanced separation capability and superior anti-fouling and self-cleaning ability. The experimental results reveal that the integration of nano-composite (GO/TiO2) boosts the membrane properties when compared to pristine CA and single photocatalyst employed membrane (GO-CA and TiO2-CA). The effect of GO content on the properties of the photocatalytic membrane has been determined by utilizing three different ratios of GO, viz. 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, and 2 wt% designated as NC(1)-CA, NC(2)-CA, and NC(3)-CA, respectively. Amongst them, NC(3)-CA membrane showed state-of-the-art performance with an elevated photocatalytic response (four times higher than pristine CA membrane) toward methyl orange. Moreover, the water flux of NC(3)-CA membrane is 613 L/m2h, approximately three times higher than bare CA membrane (297 L/m2h), while keeping the MO rejection high (96.6%). Besides, fouling experiments presented the lowest total and fouling resistance ratios and a higher flux recovery ratio (91.78%) for the NC(3)-CA membrane, which endows the membrane with higher anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties. Thus, NC(3)-CA membrane outperforms the other as synthesized membranes in terms of separation efficiency, visible light photo-degradation of pollutant, anti-fouling and self-cleaning ability. Therefore, NC(3)-CA membrane is considered as the next generation membrane for exhibiting great potential for the wastewater treatment applications.
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Tsuru, Toshinori. "Photocatalytic membrane reactors using nanoporous titanium oxide membranes." membrane 28, no. 4 (2003): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.28.170.
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Tsuru, Toshinori, Terutaka Toyosada, Tomohisa Yoshioka, and Masashi Asaeda. "Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor Using Porous Titanium Oxide Membranes." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 36, no. 9 (2003): 1063–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.36.1063.
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Svoboda, Ladislav, Nadia Licciardello, Richard Dvorský, Jiří Bednář, Jiří Henych, and Gianaurelio Cuniberti. "Design and Performance of Novel Self-Cleaning g-C3N4/PMMA/PUR Membranes." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 7, 2020): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040850.
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In the majority of photocatalytic applications, the photocatalyst is dispersed as a suspension of nanoparticles. The suspension provides a higher surface for the photocatalytic reaction in respect to immobilized photocatalysts. However, this implies that recovery of the particles by filtration or centrifugation is needed to collect and regenerate the photocatalyst. This complicates the regeneration process and, at the same time, leads to material loss and potential toxicity. In this work, a new nanofibrous membrane, g-C3N4/PMMA/PUR, was prepared by the fixation of exfoliated g-C3N4 to polyurethane nanofibers using thin layers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The optimal amount of PMMA was determined by measuring the adsorption and photocatalytic properties of g-C3N4/PMMA/PUR membranes (with a different PMMA content) in an aqueous solution of methylene blue. It was found that the prepared membranes were able to effectively adsorb and decompose methylene blue. On top of that, the membranes evinced a self-cleaning behavior, showing no coloration on their surfaces after contact with methylene blue, unlike in the case of unmodified fabric. After further treatment with H2O2, no decrease in photocatalytic activity was observed, indicating that the prepared membrane can also be easily regenerated. This study promises possibilities for the production of photocatalytic membranes and fabrics for both chemical and biological contaminant control.
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Bergamasco, Rosangela, Priscila Ferri Coldebella, Franciele Pereira Camacho, Driano Rezende, Natalia Ueda Yamaguchi, Márcia Regina Fagundes Klen, Carlos José Macedo Tavares, and Maria Teresa Sousa Pessoa Amorim. "Self-assembly modification of polyamide membrane by coating titanium dioxide nanoparticles for water treatment applications." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 14, no. 3 (April 26, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2297.
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This study modified the surface of a commercial polyamide membrane with the deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles by the self-assembly method under pressure with high permeability and photocatalytic activity. Changes in membrane characteristics and its performance for photocatalytic properties were evaluated. The results indicated that both membrane hydrophilicity and photocatalytic performance were significantly improved by the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles applied under a pressure of 1 bar. The deposition of the TiO2 particles under pressure was able to maintain the particles on the surface of the membranes and their photocatalytic capacity for three cycles of use. The prepared TiO2 photocatalytic membrane presented a great potential for wastewater treatment and for reuse wastewater systems due its ability to remove methylene blue (MB) dye solution by photocatalytic decomposition and physical separation.
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Bernardo, Jorge, João Sério, Beatriz Oliveira, Ana Paula Marques, Rosa Huertas, João Goulão Crespo, and Vanessa Jorge Pereira. "Towards a Novel Combined Treatment Approach Using Light-Emitting Diodes and Photocatalytic Ceramic Membranes." Water 14, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030292.
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Natural disasters (such as earthquakes, floods, heatwaves and landslides), isolation and war affect the water access of millions of people worldwide. Developments in the areas of membrane filtration, photolysis and photocatalysis are important for safe water production and water re-use applications. This work aimed to test alternative ways to ensure effective disinfection of wastewater effluents: light-emitting diodes that emit at different wavelengths, photocatalytic membranes, and the combination of the two solutions. The different treatment processes were tested at the laboratory scale to assess their performance in the removal and inactivation of water quality indicator bacteria and fungi present in wastewater effluents. The membranes were found to be effective to retain the microorganisms (rejection values higher than 96%), while three small ultraviolet C light-emitting diodes that emitted light at 255 and 265 nm showed an excellent performance for inactivation (higher than 2.5-log inactivation of total coliforms and Escherichia coli after 10 min of exposure in real wastewater effluents). When photocatalytic membranes are used, ultraviolet A light-emitting diodes ensured effective treatment of the retentate (higher than 65%). The combination of these two processes is extremely promising since it ensures not only the production of a high quality permeate that can be reused, but also the treatment of the retentate.
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Al-Kandari, Halema, Peter Kasak, Ahmed Mohamed, Shekhah Al-Kandari, Dusan Chorvat Jr., and Aboubakr Abdullah. "Toward an Accurate Spectrophotometric Evaluation of the Efficiencies of Photocatalysts in Processes Involving Their Separation Using Nylon Membranes." Catalysts 8, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8120576.
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Many works include the use of nylon membranes to separate the solid particles of photocatalysts from the photocatalytic reactors, before using spectrophotometers to evaluate the catalysts’ performance in the photocatalytic degradation of many pollutants. This might lead to significant errors due to the adsorption of some pollutants within the structure of the membranes during the filtration process used to separate the solid particles of the photocatalysts to get a clear filtrate. This, consequently, leads to incorrect calculations, which in turn are translated into false high photocatalytic efficiencies of the used catalysts. In this work, the authors study the interaction between nylon membrane filters and five different model compounds—phenol red, methylene blue, rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, and phenol. The study reveals a significant interaction between the nylon membranes and both rhodamine B and phenol red.
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Al-Arjan, Wafa Shamsan. "Self-Assembled Nanofibrous Membranes by Electrospinning as Efficient Dye Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment." Polymers 15, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15020340.
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Water pollution has become a leading problem due to industrial development and the resulting waste, which causes water contamination. Different materials and techniques have been developed to treat wastewater. Due to their self-assembly and photocatalytic behavior, membranes based on graphene oxide (GO) are ideal composite materials for wastewater treatment. We fabricated composite membranes from polylactic acid (PLA) and carboxylic methyl cellulose (CMC)/carboxyl-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-f-COOH) using the electrospinning technique and the thermal method. Then, a nanofibrous membrane (PLA/CMC/GO-f-COOH@Ag) was produced by loading with silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) to study its photocatalytic behavior. These membranes were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to investigate the behavior of the fabricated membranes. The degradation kinetics studies were conducted using mathematical models, such as the pseudo first- and second-order models, by calculating their regression coefficients (R2). These membranes exhibited exceptional dye degradation kinetics. The R2 values for pseudo first order were PCGC = 0.983581, PCGC@Ag = 0.992917, and the R2 values for pseudo second order were PCGC = 0.978329, PCGC@Ag = 0.989839 for methylene blue. The degradation kinetics of Rh-B showed R2 values of PCGC = 0.973594, PCGC@Ag = 0.989832 for pseudo first order and R2 values of PCGC = 0.994392, PCGC@Ag = 0.998738 for pseudo second order. The fabricated nanofibrous membranes exhibited a strong π-π electrostatic interaction, thus providing a large surface area, and demonstrated efficient photocatalytic behavior for treating organic dyes present in wastewater. The fabricated PLA/CMC/GO-f-COOH@Ag membrane presents exceptional photocatalytic properties for the catalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. Hence, the fabricated nanofibrous membrane would be an eco-friendly system for wastewater treatment under catalytic reaction.
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Zhang, Qi, Hua Wang, Xinfei Fan, Shuo Chen, Hongtao Yu, and Xie Quan. "A controlled wet-spinning and dip-coating process for preparation of high-permeable TiO2 hollow fiber membranes." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 4 (October 26, 2015): 725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.543.
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In order to improve the permeate flux of photocatalytic membranes, we present an approach for coupling TiO2 with ceramic hollow fiber membranes. The ceramic hollow fiber membranes with high permeate flux were fabricated by a controlled wet-spinning process using polyethersulfone (PESf) and ceramic powder as precursors and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone as solvent, and the subsequent TiO2 coating was performed by a dip-coating process using tetra-n-butyl titanate as precursor. It has been found that the PESf/ceramic powder ratio could influence the structure of the membranes. Here the as-prepared TiO2 hollow fiber membranes had a pure water flux of 4,450 L/(m2·h). The performance of the TiO2 hollow fiber membrane was evaluated using humic acid (HA) as a test substance. The results demonstrated that this membrane exhibited a higher permeate flux under UV irradiation than in the dark and the HA removal efficiency was enhanced. The approach described here provides an operable route to the development of high-permeable photocatalytic membranes for water treatment.
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Sun, Fei, Ting-Ting Li, Haitao Ren, Qian Jiang, Hao-Kai Peng, Qi Lin, Ching-Wen Lou, and Jia-Horng Lin. "PP/TiO2 Melt-Blown Membranes for Oil/Water Separation and Photocatalysis: Manufacturing Techniques and Property Evaluations." Polymers 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050775.
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This study aims to produce polypropylene (PP)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) melt-blown membranes for oil/water separation and photocatalysis. PP and different contents of TiO2 are melt-blended to prepare master batches using a single screw extruder. The master batches are then fabricated into PP/TiO2 melt-blown membranes. The thermal properties of the master batches are analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, and their particle dispersion and melt-blown membrane morphology are evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. TiO2 loaded on melt-blown membranes is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The oil/water separation ability of the melt-blown membranes is evaluated to examine the influence of TiO2 content. Results show that the thermal stability and photocatalytic effect of the membranes increase with TiO2 content. TiO2 shows a good dispersion in the PP membranes. After 3 wt.% TiO2 addition, crystallinity increases by 6.4%, thermal decomposition temperature increases by 25 °C compared with pure PP membranes. The resultant PP/TiO2 melt-blown membrane has a good morphology, and better hydrophobicity even in acetone solution or 6 h ultraviolet irradiation, and a high oil flux of about 15,000 L·m−2·h−1. Moreover, the membranes have stabilized oil/water separation efficiency after being repeatedly used. The proposed melt-blown membranes are suitable for mass production for separating oil from water in massively industrial dyeing wastewater.
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Trung Nguyen, Hieu, Si-Yu Guo, Sheng-Jie You, and Ya-Fen Wang. "Visible light driven photocatalytic coating of PAA plasma-grafted PVDF membrane by TiO2 doped with lanthanum recovered from waste fluorescent powder." Environmental Engineering Research 27, no. 3 (May 14, 2021): 210144–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2021.144.
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In this study, the PDVF membranes were fabricated with a La-doped TiO2 (La-TiO2) photocatalytic coating in which La element was recovered from the waste fluorescent powder. The process of La element recovery was investigated under different conditions with different acid concentrations. La-TiO2 photocatalysts were facilely synthesized by the solvothermal method at 80°C followed by thermal sintering at 400°C. The La-TiO2 photocatalytic membrane fabrication was carried out by dip-coating the polyacrylic acid (PAA) plasma-grafted PVDF membrane into the suspension La-TiO2. The waste fluorescent powder was characterized by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) after dissolving in the aqua regia. The La-TiO2 photocatalysts were characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The La-TiO2 coated PVDF membrane was used to study the filtration and visible light driven photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Blue 5 solution. The experimental results showed that La-TiO2 possesses high photocatalytic activity (efficiency of 100% after 6-h irradiation), and the best membrane (La-TiO2/PAA/PVDF) performance (efficiency of 87%) with the water contact angle of 11.4⁰ was achieved. Thereby, it showed that the La-TiO2 photocatalytic membranes were successfully fabricated with antifouling, self-cleaning properties.
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Tajer-Kajinebaf, Vahideh, Hossein Sarpoolaky, and Toraj Mohammadi. "Synthesis of Nanostructured Anatase Mesoporous Membranes with Photocatalytic and Separation Capabilities for Water Ultrafiltration Process." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/509023.
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In this work, the nanostructured anatase mesoporous membranes were prepared for water ultrafiltration (UF) process with photocatalytic and physical separation capabilities. A macroporous substrate was synthesized fromα-Al2O3, then a colloidal titania sol was used for the preparation of the intermediate layer. Also, the membrane top layer was synthesized by deposition and calcination of titania polymeric sol on the intermediate layer. The characterization was performed by DLS, TG-DTA, XRD, BET, FESEM, TEM, and AFM techniques. Also, the filtration experiments were carried out based on separation of methyl orange from aqueous solution by a membrane setup with a dead-end filtration cell. Photocatalytic activity of the membranes was evaluated by methyl orange photodegradation using UV-visible spectrophotometer. The mean particle size of the colloidal and polymeric sols was 14 and 1.5 nm, respectively. The anatase membranes exhibited homogeneity, with the surface area of 32.8 m2/g, the mean pore size of 8.17 nm, and the crystallite size of 9.6 nm. The methyl orange removal efficiency by the mesoporous membrane based on physical separation was determined to be 52% that was improved up to 83% by a coupling photocatalytic technique. Thus, the UF membrane showed a high potential due to its multifunctional capability for water purification applications.
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Wang, Xinyu, Shengnan Li, Ping Chen, Fengxiang Li, Xiaomin Hu, and Tao Hua. "Photocatalytic and antifouling properties of TiO2-based photocatalytic membranes." Materials Today Chemistry 23 (March 2022): 100650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2021.100650.
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Mendes-Felipe, Cristian, Antonio Veloso-Fernández, José Luis Vilas-Vilela, and Leire Ruiz-Rubio. "Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Membranes for Photocatalytic Water Remediation." Catalysts 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020180.
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Mismanagement, pollution and excessive use have depleted the world’s water resources, producing a shortage that in some territories is extreme. In this context, the need for potable water prompts the development of new and more efficient wastewater treatment systems to overcome shortages by recovering and reusing contaminated water. Among the water treatment methods, membrane technology is considered one of the most promising. Besides, photocatalytic degradation has become an attractive and efficient technology for water and wastewater treatment. However, the use of unsupported catalysts has as its main impediment their separation from the water once treated. With this, providing the membranes with this photocatalyzed degradation capacity can improve the application of photocatalysts, since in many cases their application improves their recovery and reuse. This review describes the general photocatalytic processes of the main inorganic nanoparticles used as fillers in hybrid polymeric membranes. In addition, the most recent hybrid organic–inorganic membranes are reviewed. Finally, the membranes formed by metal–organic frameworks that can be considered one of the newest and most versatile developments are described.
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Alebrahim, Elnaz, Md Saifur Rahaman, and Christian Moreau. "TiO2 Photocatalytic Ultrafiltration Membrane Developed with Suspension Plasma Spray Process." Coatings 12, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111764.
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The suspension plasma spray process was used to fabricate photocatalytic ultrafiltration membranes for potential water and wastewater treatment applications. An aqueous suspension of 30 wt.% titanium dioxide with an average individual particle size of around 30 nm was used as feedstock material. The spray parameters, such as suspension solid content, suspension feed rate, and spray distance, were optimized using an Ar/H2 plasma to retain a fraction of unmelted feedstock nanoparticles as the source of fine pores in the membrane microstructure. The microstructure, porosity, phase composition, and pure water permeability of the membranes were characterized comprehensively. The average pore size of the membrane was around 40 nm, which was very close to the particle size of the pristine titanium dioxide powder. The membranes demonstrated a high water permeability between 2000 and 7200 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, which was inversely proportional to the thickness. They also exhibited significant photocatalytic activity under visible light.
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Gao, Qiong Zhi, Hong Qiang Li, and Xing Rong Zeng. "Novel Nanoparticles Incorporated Polyvinylidene Fluoride Ultrafiltration Membrane." Advanced Materials Research 746 (August 2013): 390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.390.
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In this study, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by a phase inversion method, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) was used as solvent and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as dispersant, nanoTiO2 and AgNO3 were used as addictive materials. With different doping content of nanoTiO2 and silver ions, those hybrid films have different functions and structure. The basic performance and photocatalytic properties of those ultrafiltration membranes were studied in detail. The experiment results show that adding nanosized TiO2 particles will make the porosity of PVDF membrane increase, adding silver ion with low content can not improve water flux and porosity of membranes, however, nanoTiO2 and silver ions doping together can effectively improve the photocatalytic degradation rate.
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Shareef, Usman, and Muhammad Waqas. "Bisphenol A Removal through Low-Cost Kaolin-Based Ag@TiO2 Photocatalytic Hollow Fiber Membrane from the Liquid Media under Visible Light Irradiation." Journal of Nanomaterials 2020 (June 22, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3541797.
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Removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from water has presented a major challenge for the water industry. In this work, we report the BPA separation properties of truly low-cost kaolin-based visible light-activated photocatalytic hollow fiber membranes. The ceramic hollow fiber support was successfully fabricated by phase inversion and sintering method, whereas Ag@TiO2 photocatalyst was prepared by liquid impregnation method. Different factors that affected the BPA removal were thoroughly investigated, including Ag loading in TiO2 catalyst and immersion time during dip coating method. A reference BPA (10 mgl-1) was used to check the photocatalytic performance of Ag@TiO2 photocatalysts and prepared membranes. Comprehensive characterization including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX/S), Brunner-Emmer-Teller (BET), and UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed altered morphological and physicochemical properties of the photocatalytic membrane. UV-Vis results exhibited that the extended absorption edge of Ag@TiO2 photocatalyst was observed into the visible region that led to its maximum BPA removal of 93.22% within 180 min under visible light irradiation. The FESEM images of the prepared membranes evinced a significant change in the structural morphologies, and UV-Vis showed the absorption edge in the visible region owing to the coating of the Ag@TiO2 photocatalyst on the surface of the membrane. The resultant membrane showed a significant photocatalytic performance in the degradation of BPA (90.51% within 180 min) in an aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. At inference, the prepared membrane can be considered a promising candidate for efficient removal of BPA.
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Che Abdul Rahim, Azzah Nazihah, Shotaro Yamada, Haruki Bonkohara, Sergio Mestre, Tsuyoshi Imai, Yung-Tse Hung, and Izumi Kumakiri. "Influence of Salts on the Photocatalytic Degradation of Formic Acid in Wastewater." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 26, 2022): 15736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315736.
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Conventional wastewater treatment technologies have difficulties in feasibly removing persistent organics. The photocatalytic oxidation of these contaminants offers an economical and environmentally friendly solution. In this study, TiO2 membranes and Ag/TiO2 membranes were prepared and used for the decomposition of dissolved formic acid in wastewater. The photochemical deposition of silver on a TiO2 membrane improved the decomposition rate. The rate doubled by depositing ca. 2.5 mg of Ag per 1 g of TiO2. The influence of salinity on formic acid decomposition was studied. The presence of inorganic salts reduced the treatment performance of the TiO2 membranes to half. Ag/TiO2 membranes had a larger reduction of ca. 40%. The performance was recovered by washing the membranes with water. The anion adsorption on the membrane surface likely caused the performance reduction.
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Heu, Rina, Mohamed Ateia, and Chihiro Yoshimura. "Photocatalytic Nanofiltration Membrane Using Zr-MOF/GO Nanocomposite with High-Flux and Anti-Fouling Properties." Catalysts 10, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10060711.
Full textAbstract:
Photocatalytic nanofiltration (NF) membranes with enhanced flux and anti-fouling properties were prepared from a layered in situ nanocomposite of metal organic framework (i.e., UiO-66) and graphene oxide (UiO-66_GO) on a polyamide NF membrane using a pressure-assisted self-assembly method. For filtering pure water and humic acid, the composite membrane with a 10% UiO-66_GO loading (UiO-66_GO/NF-10%) showed a higher water flux (up to 63 kg/m2 h bar), flux recovery (80%), and total fouling resistance (33%) than the pristine NF membrane. Physical and chemical characterization revealed that this performance was attributed to improvements in hydrophilicity, porosity, surface smoothness, and charge repulsion. The UiO-66_GO/NF-10% composite membrane exhibited better physical stability with a relatively low mass loss (8.64%) after five washes than the membranes with mass loadings of 5 and 15 wt%. Furthermore, the UiO-66_GO/NF-10% composite membrane exhibited considerable photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (bandgap: 3.45 eV), which reduced irreversible fouling from 20.7% to 2.4% and increased flux recovery to 98%. This study demonstrated that surface modification with the UiO-66_GO nanocomposite produced a high-flux anti-fouling photocatalytic NF membrane, which is promising for water purification.
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Kacprzyńska-Gołacka, Joanna, Monika Łożyńska, Wioletta Barszcz, Sylwia Sowa, Piotr Wieciński, and Ewa Woskowicz. "Microfiltration Membranes Modified with Composition of Titanium Oxide and Silver Oxide by Magnetron Sputtering." Polymers 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010141.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, the authors present the possibility of modification of polymer membranes by TiO2 + AgO coating created by the magnetron sputtering method. The two-component TiO2 + AgO coating can improve and shape new functional properties such as bactericidal and photocatalytic properties. The influence of magnetron power changes on the structure of the membrane was investigated as well. The structure and elemental composition of TiO2 + AgO coatings were analyzed using SEM and EDS technique. All deposited coatings caused a total inhibition of the growth of two investigated colonies of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis on the surface. The photocatalytic properties for membranes covered with oxide coatings were tested under UV irradiation and visible light. The filtration result show that polymer membranes covered with two-component TiO2 + AgO coatings have a permeate flux similar to the non-coated membranes.
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Choi, Yong Ho, Moon-Ju Kim, Jia Lee, Jae-Chul Pyun, and Dahl-Young Khang. "Recyclable, Antibacterial, Isoporous Through-Hole Membrane Air Filters with Hydrothermally Grown ZnO Nanorods." Nanomaterials 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2021): 3381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123381.
Full textAbstract:
Reusable, antibacterial, and photocatalytic isoporous through-hole air filtration membranes have been demonstrated based on hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorods (NRs). High-temperature (300~375 °C) stability of thermoset-based isoporous through-hole membranes has enabled concurrent control of porosity and seed formation via high-temperature annealing of the membranes. The following hydrothermal growth has led to densely populated ZnO NRs on both the membrane surface and pore sidewall. Thanks to the nanofibrous shape of the grown ZnO NRs on the pore sidewall, the membrane filters have shown a high (>97%) filtration efficiency for PM2.5 with a rather low-pressure (~80 Pa) drop. The membrane filters could easily be cleaned and reused many times by simple spray cleaning with a water/ethanol mixture solution. Further, the grown ZnO NRs have also endowed excellent bactericidal performance for both Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative S. enteritidis bacteria. Owing to the wide bandgap semiconductor nature of ZnO NRs, organic decomposition by photocatalytic activity under UV illumination has been successfully demonstrated. The reusable, multifunctional membrane filters can find wide applications in air filtration and purification.