Journal articles: 'Photocatalytic nanocomposites'

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Gerawork, Mekdes. "Remediation of textile industry organic dye waste by photocatalysis using eggshell impregnated ZnO/CuO nanocomposite." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 11 (2021): 2753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.165.

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Abstract Heterogeneous photocatalysis using nanocomposites is of great research interest in the treatment of industrial wastewater. The impregnated photocatalyst was produced by liquid state reaction of ZnO/CuO nanocomposite with extracted eggshells. The structure, functional group, metal composition, bandgap, and photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, respectively, in the absence and presence of eggshells. Photocatalytic degradation activities of the nanocomposites under UV light irradiation have been tested for a real sewage sample taken from Debre Berhan Textile Industry. From the results, the optimized degradation efficiency of the dye was 97.95% with 0.4 g dose of the photocatalyst, 120 min irradiation time, 120 °C temperature, and pH of 6.7. The results revealed that eggshell impregnated nanocomposite had better catalytic activity than the naked nanocomposite. This is due to the highly porous structure of eggshell biomasses and their sorption characteristics. In conclusion, when nanocomposites are supported by eggshell biomasses, they are excellent photocatalysts and can minimize the contamination of organic dyes from textile effluents.

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Che Ramli, Zatil Amali, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak, Mohd Ambar Yarmo, and Nilofar Asim. "Investigation of Photocatalytic Activity of TiO₂-PANi Nanocomposites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.53.

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In this paper the photocatalytic activity of TiO2-PANi nanocomposites prepared using two differentIn-situpolymerization methods have been investigated. The same pressure, temperature, precursors, mole ratio, and solvent have been employed for preparation of nanocomposites. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by FESEM, XRD and FTIR. Results revealed the successful preparation of TiO2- PANI nanocomposites. TiO2-PANi nanocomposite synthesized using method 2 showed very well dispersed TiO2nanoparticles on the surface of PANi. There is no agglomeration of TiO2nanoparticles in PANi matrix. The photocatalytic activities of nanocomposites were evaluated by using photo degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) in aqueous solution under UV irradiation. These nanocomposites exhibit much higher photocatalytic activity compared with TiO2.

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Shih, Kun-Yauh, Yen-Ling Kuan, and En-Rui Wang. "One-Step Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity Enhancement of BiOBr/RGO Nanocomposites for Degradation of Methylene Blue." Materials 14, no. 16 (2021): 4577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164577.

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In this study, bismuth oxybromide/reduced graphene oxide (BiOBr/RGO), i.e. BiOBr-G nanocomposites, were synthesized using a one-step microwave-assisted method. The structure of the synthesized nanocomposites was characterized using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS). In addition, the ability of the nanocomposite to degrade methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation was investigated. The synthesized nanocomposite achieved an MB degradation rate of above 96% within 75 min of continuous visible light irradiation. In addition, the synthesized BiOBr-G nanocomposite exhibited significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MB. Furthermore, the results revealed that the separation of the photogenerated electron–hole pairs in the BiOBr-G nanocomposite enhanced the ability of the nanocomposite to absorb visible light, thus improving the photocatalytic properties of the nanocomposites. Lastly, the MB photo-degradation mechanism of BiOBr-G was investigated, and the results revealed that the BiOBr-G nanocomposites exhibited good photocatalytic activity.

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Kuriakose, Sini, D. K. Avasthi, and Satyabrata Mohapatra. "Effects of swift heavy ion irradiation on structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites prepared by carbothermal evaporation method." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (April 10, 2015): 928–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.96.

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ZnO–CuO nanocomposite thin films were prepared by carbothermal evaporation of ZnO and Cu, combined with annealing. The effects of 90 MeV Ni7+ ion irradiation on the structural and optical properties of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV–visible absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. XRD studies showed the presence of ZnO and CuO nanostructures in the nanocomposites. FESEM images revealed the presence of nanosheets and nanorods in the nanocomposites. The photocatalytic activity of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites was evaluated on the basis of degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes under sun light irradiation and it was observed that swift heavy ion irradiation results in significant enhancement in the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites towards degradation of MB and MO dyes. The possible mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites is proposed. We attribute the observed enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites to the combined effects of improved sun light utilization and suppression of the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers in ZnO–CuO nanocomposites.

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Khiari, Mouna, Mickaël Gilliot, Michaël Lejeune, Florica Lazar, and Aomar Hadjadj. "Effects of Ag Nanoparticles on Zinc Oxide Photocatalytic Performance." Coatings 11, no. 4 (2021): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11040400.

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We used a sol–gel spin coating technique to synthesize nanocomposite thin films based on zinc oxide (ZnO) loaded with silver nanoparticles (NPs). We tested these ZnO/Ag NPs photocatalysts, with a thickness of about 100 nm, for the photodegradation of the indigo carmine dye solution. The study focused on the effects of Ag NPs on the ZnO matrix as well as the impact of their concentration on the photocatalytic performance of the nanocomposite. The study also highlighted the high stability of the photocatalytic performance of these nanocomposites. This work is a contribution in the search for non-toxic thin film photocatalysts that is usable under solar radiation for the treatment of contaminated wastewater. Innovation in the field of heterogeneous photocatalysis requires the use of solar resource with efficient results in terms of photocatalytic performance.

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Du, Yuanyuan, Xinjun Li, Ying Fu, et al. "Study on Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants by Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites." E3S Web of Conferences 290 (2021): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129003017.

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In recent years, the research of zinc oxide nanocomposites has attracted much attention. Due to the high probability of photonized carrier recombination of a single nanometer zinc oxide material, and the low utilization of sunlight, its application in the degradation of pollutants is limited. Compounding zinc oxide with other materials can solve this problem. In this paper, through the study of the photocatalytic properties of zinc oxide nanocomposites, the synthesis methods and photocatalytic properties of TiO2/ZnO and ZnO/graphene nanocomposites are reviewed. Nanocomposite photocatalytic degradation mechanism of pollutants and its application in the degradation of pollutants.

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Johar, Muhammad Ali, Rana Arslan Afzal, Abdulrahman Ali Alazba, and Umair Manzoor. "Photocatalysis and Bandgap Engineering Using ZnO Nanocomposites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/934587.

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Nanocomposites have a great potential to work as efficient, multifunctional materials for energy conversion and photoelectrochemical reactions. Nanocomposites may reveal more improved photocatalysis by implying the improvements of their electronic and structural properties than pure photocatalyst. This paper presents the recent work carried out on photoelectrochemical reactions using the composite materials of ZnO with CdS, ZnO with SnO2, ZnO with TiO2, ZnO with Ag2S, and ZnO with graphene and graphene oxide. The photocatalytic efficiency mainly depends upon the light harvesting span of a material, lifetime of photogenerated electron-hole pair, and reactive sites available in the photocatalyst. We reviewed the UV-Vis absorption spectrum of nanocomposite and photodegradation reported by the same material and how photodegradation depends upon the factors described above. Finally the improvement in the absorption band edge of nanocomposite material is discussed.

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Xu, Hui, and Jian Wei Xing. "Preparation of ZnO/PANI Nanocomposite and Study on its Photocatalytic Properties." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.368.

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Polyaniline (PANI)/zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites have been synthesized by in-situ polymerization of aniline monomer with ZnO nanomaterials. The PANI/ZnO nanocomposites were used as photocatalyst in the photodegradation of methylene blue dye (MB) molecules in aqueous solution. The results showed that PANI/ZnO nanocomposite greatly enhanced photocatalytic activities compared with pristine polyaniline might due to high photoexcited electronhole pairs charge separation. The photocatalytic activities of PANI/ZnO nanocomposites increased with increasing ZnO content, however, further increasing ZnO content over 50% induced the formation of more agglomerates, which could act as recombination centers of photoexcited electronhole pairs, leading to decreased photocatalytic activity. The kinetics of photodegradation of MB dye using PANI/ZnO(ZnO content 50 % ) nanocomposites photocatalyst was found to be of the first order.

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Al-Khthami, Nada D., Mohammed Alsawat, Reda M. Mohamed, Yousef G. Alghamdi, and Zaki I. Zaki. "Extremely Effective Visible Light-Driven Generation of Hydrogen by Sol–Gel LaFeO3-Decorated g-C3N4 Photocatalyst." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 12, no. 11 (2020): 1255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2020.3241.

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In order to create a new design for an efficient photocatalyst, you need to decrease the obtained band gap and isolate the charge carriers photogenerated while setting up a new visible light methodology. The latter option could be accomplished via combination of catalyst in the metal oxide form over the surface of semiconductor. Hence, the current work aimed at synthesizing a new nanocomposite material from LaFeO3/g-C3N4 through the use of mesoporous silica as a template processing g-C3N4 higher surface area, which was subsequently decorated with LaFeO3. The LaFeO3 of variable content of 1∼4% was used to decorate our targeted basic material. The structure was confirmed by ordinary techniques, in addition to photocatalytic ability via splitting water reaction. g-C3N4 and LaFeO3 photocatalytic efficiencies were compared to the newly developed LaFeO3/g-C3N4 nanocomposites showing their outstanding activity. The optimum LaFeO3 content was confirmed as 3%, which gave higher photocatalytic efficiency against both g-C3N4 and LaFeO3 (34 and 21 times respectively). To enhance the catalytic system efficiency, a scavenger with a positive hole was added as glycerol. A maximum of five runs of higher efficient reuse was examined as required, as well as stable nanocomposite photocatalyst. The mesoporous structure, high surface area, and capacity of charge separation over the photocatalysis process were all investigated as main conditions which affect photocatalytic activity of LaFeO3/g-C3N4 nanocomposites.

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Fajriati, Imelda, Mudasir Mudasir, and Endang Tri Wahyuni. "Photocatalytic Decolorization Study of Methyl Orange by TiO₂–Chitosan Nanocomposites." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 14, no. 3 (2014): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21230.

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The photocatalytic decolorization of methyl orange (MO) by TiO2-chitosan nanocomposite has been studied. This study was started by synthesizing TiO2-chitosan nanocomposites using sol-gel method with various concentrations of Titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) as the TiO2 precursor. The structure, surface morphology, thermal and optical property of TiO2-chitosan nanocomposite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and diffuse reflectance ultra violet (DRUV) spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2-chitosan nanocomposite was evaluated by photocatalytic decolorization of methyl orange as a model pollutant. The results indicate that the particle size of TiO2 increases with increasing ofthe concentration of TTIP, in which TiO2 with smallest particle size exhibit the highest photocatalytic activity. The highest photocatalytic decolorization was obtained at 5 h of contact time, initial concentration of MO at 20 ppm and at solution pH of 4. Using these conditions, over 90% of MO was able to be decolorized using 0.02 g of TiO2-chitosan nanocomposite under UV light irradiation. The TiO2-chitosan nanocomposite could be reused, which meant that the TiO2-chitosan nanocomposites can be developed as an effective and economical photocatalyst to decolorize or treat dye in wastewater.

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Georgios, Pyrgiotakis, and Sigmund M. Wolfgang. "X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Anatase-TiO₂ Coated Carbon Nanotubes." Solid State Phenomena 162 (June 2010): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.162.163.

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A high efficiency nanocomposite photocatalyst is reported. Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were coated with titania. Two distinct types of nanocomposites were synthesized with variation in the synthetic procedure. One of the nanocomposites is based on a core of arc-discharge synthesized multiwall carbon nanotubes; whereas the other is based on a core of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown MWNTs. The nanocomposites have a similar appearance in transmission electron microscopy pictures in that they have a core of MWNTs that are chemically bonded to a few nanometer thick layer of pure anatase phase of titania. Yet they show a dramatically different photocatalytic behavior when they are compared on the basis of rates of photocatalytic decomposition of an organic dye in aqueous media following the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. This article focuses on the analysis of the differences in the nanocomposites using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). XPS spectra of these materials indicate that there are distinct differences. However, they also show that both share C-O-Ti bonds that transform the carbon in the carbon nanotubes into a dopant for the anatase titania. This doping seems to be essential for long wavelength, i.e. visible light induced photocatalysis.

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Moradi, Shahram, Parviz Aberoomand Azar, Sanaz Raeis Farshid, Saeed Abedini Khorrami, and Mohammad Hadi Givianrad. "Effect of Additives on Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of /ZnO Nanocomposite Prepared via Sol-Gel Process." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/215373.

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TiO2/ZnO nanocomposites were prepared by the sol-gel method with and without addatives such as carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidon, (PVP), and hydroxylpropylcellulose (HPC). The characteristics of the prepared TiO2/ZnO nanocomposites were identified by IR spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) methods. The additives have a significant effect on the particle size distribution and photocatalytic activity of TiO2/ZnO nanocomposites. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanocomposites was investigated for decolorization of methyl orange (MO) in water under UV-irradiation in a batch reactor and the results showed that the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites have been increased by CMC, PEG, PVP, and HPC, respectively. SEM has shown that the particle size distribution of TiO2/ZnO nanocomposite in the presence of HPC was better than the other samples.

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Habtamu, Fikradis, Sintayehu Berhanu, and Teshome Mender. "Polyaniline Supported Ag-Doped ZnO Nanocomposite: Synthesis, Characterization, and Kinetics Study for Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (September 7, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2451836.

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Ag-ZnO/PANI nanocomposite was prepared via the sol-gel technique following in situ oxidative polymerization of polyaniline (PANI). XRD, UV-Vis, and FT-IR spectroscopy were employed to study the crystal size, bandgap energy, and bond structure of as-synthesized nanocomposites. The mean crystallite size of the nanocomposite determined from XRD was 35.68 nm. Photocatalytic degradation of malachite green (MG) dye using as-synthesized photocatalysts was studied under visible light irradiation. The highest degradation efficiency was recorded for Ag-ZnO/PANI nanocomposites (98.58%) than Ag-ZnO nanoparticles (88.23%) in 120 min. The kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of MG follows pseudo-first-order reaction with rate order of 1.16 10−2 min−1. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of Ag-ZnO/PANI nanocomposites was evaluated and compared with Ce-Cd oxide, electrospun P(3HB)-TiO2, and with other catalysts in the literature. The optimal conditions for photocatalytic degradation are as follows: the concentration of malachite green (0.2 g/l), pH (8), and the concentration of catalyst load (0.2 g/l) under visible light with an irradiation time of 120 min.

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Wang, Shun, Dongdong Lou, Zhaojie Wang, et al. "Synthesis of ultrathin g-C3N4/graphene nanocomposites with excellent visible-light photocatalytic performances." Functional Materials Letters 12, no. 03 (2019): 1950025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604719500255.

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Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N[Formula: see text] has drawn increasing interest as an efficient photocatalyst. To further improve its photocatalytic activity, herein we coupled g-C3N4 with graphene to construct ultrathin g-C3N4/graphene (g-C3N4/G) nanocomposites by a pyrolysis-sonication-hydrothermal method. Under the illumination of visible-light, g-C3N4/G nanocomposites with 10[Formula: see text]wt.%G can degrade 92% Rhodamine B (RhB) in 120[Formula: see text]min, which is higher than that (57%) from pure g-C3N4. Moreover, the recycling experiment indicates that the nanocomposite still remains excellent photocatalytic stability. Therefore, g-C3N4/G nanocomposites exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity and stability, resulting in a promising application in water purification.

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Hajipour, Pejman, Abbas Bahrami, Maryam Yazdan Mehr, Willem Dirk van Driel, and Kouchi Zhang. "Facile Synthesis of Ag Nanowire/TiO2 and Ag Nanowire/TiO2/GO Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B." Materials 14, no. 4 (2021): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040763.

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This paper investigates the photocatalytic characteristics of Ag nanowire (AgNW)/TiO2 and AgNW/TiO2/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites. Samples were synthesized by the direct coating of TiO2 particles on the surface of silver nanowires. As-prepared AgNW/TiO2 and AgNW/TiO2/GO nanocomposites were characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV/visible absorption spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images confirmed the successful deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of AgNWs. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized nanocomposites was evaluated using Rhodamine B (RhB) in an aqueous solution as the model organic dye. Results showed that synthesized AgNW/TiO2/GO nanocomposite has superior photocatalytic activities when it comes to the decomposition of RhB.

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TRINH, Dang Trung Tri, Duangdao CHANNEI, Willawan KHANITCHAIDECHA, and Auppatham NAKARUK. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Contaminants by BiVO4/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 15, no. 11 (2018): 787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2018.5969.

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In the present work, a nanocomposite of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) and Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized successfully by using hydrothermal process. The properties of BiVO4/GO nanocomposite were examined by various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD data indicated that pure BiVO4 nanoparticles had a monoclinic structure. Similarly, BiVO4/GO nanocomposite had the same structure without the peak of GO due to the transmission from GO to reduced GO during hydrothermal process. TEM images revealed that BiVO4 particles were integrated effectively with the GO sheets. The photocatalysis performance was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous under the irradiation of visible light. The result showed that BiVO4/GO nanocomposites had higher photocatalytic activity than pure BiVO4 nanoparticles. The explanation was that GO sheets enhanced the separation of electron–hole pairs and the adsorbent capacity leading to improved photocatalytic activity.

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Moklyak, Volodymyr, Volodymyr Chelyadyn, Andrii Hrubiak, et al. "Synthesis, Structure, Optic and Photocatalytic Properties of Anatase/Brookite Nanocomposites." Journal of Nano Research 64 (November 2020): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.64.39.

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Anatase/brookite nanocomposites were fabricated by the classical method of hydrolysis, additionally using hydrothermal treatment of preformed titanium dioxide sol with tetrabutyl orthotitanate. The influence of hydrothermal processing the buffer solution of TiO2 synthesis on the average particle sizes, specific surface area, pore sizes distributions, optical and photocatalytic properties investigated by X-ray diffraction, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and UV-Vis spectroscopy. It has been determined that the hydrothermal treatment of pre-prepared titania sol as hydrolysis product leads to rutile formation after annealing at 400°C. Respective model of forming anatase/brookite/rutile nanocomposites was proposed. The changes of bang gap energy of TiO2 were observed and explained by effect of change phase composition and particles size of nanocomposite particles. Methylene blue (MB) photo-oxidation reactions using titanium dioxide nanocomposite were analyzed. Maximal photocatalytic activity of MB oxidation was detected for material with the ratio of the titania phases (anatase : brookite : rutile – 2 : 2 : 1). Synergistic effect between crystallinity, phase ratio, morphology of oxide material, band gap and photocatalytic activity in the anatase/brookite nanocomposites was established.

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Kočí, Kamila, Martin Reli, Ivana Troppová, et al. "Photocatalytic Decomposition of N2O by Using Nanostructured Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Zinc Oxide Photocatalysts Immobilized on Foam." Catalysts 9, no. 9 (2019): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9090735.

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The aim of this work was to deposit cost-effective g-C3N4/ZnO nanocomposite photocatalysts (weight ratios of g-C3N4:ZnO from 0.05:1 to 3:1) as well as pure ZnO and g-C3N4 on Al2O3 foam and to study their photocatalytic efficiency for the photocatalytic decomposition of N2O, which was studied in a home-made batch photoreactor under ultraviolet A irradiation (λ = 365 nm). Based on the photocatalysis measurements, it was found that photocatalytic decomposition of N2O in the presence of all the prepared samples was significantly higher in comparison with photolysis. The photoactivity of the investigated nanocomposite photocatalysts increased in the following order: g-C3N4/ZnO (3:1) ≈ g-C3N4/ZnO (0.45:1) ≤ g-C3N4/ZnO (2:1) ZnO < g-C3N4 < g-C3N4/ZnO (0.05:1). The g-C3N4/ZnO (0.05:1) nanocomposite showed the best photocatalytic behavior and the most effective separation of photoinduced electron–hole pairs from all nanocomposites. The key roles played in photocatalytic activity were the electron–hole separation and the position and potential of the valence and conduction band. On the other hand, the specific surface area and band gap energy were not the significant factors in N2O photocatalytic decomposition. Immobilization of the photocatalyst on the foam permits facile manipulation after photocatalytic reaction and their repeated application.

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Alhaddad, Maha. "Enhanced Ciprofloxacin Degradation Over Pt@BaZrO3/g-C3N4 Heterojunctions Beneath Visible Light Illumination." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 12, no. 7 (2020): 874–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2020.3190.

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In this investigation, various proportions of Pt@BaZrO3 (at 1∼4 wt.%) accommodating 2.0 wt% Pt were adopted to establish Pt@BaZrO3/g-C3N4 nanocomposites of improved photocatalytic performance. H2PtCl6 nanoparticles as well as mesoporous BaZrO3 and g-C3N4 were utilized to develop the prescribed nanocomposites via sonication-mixture routine. The photocatalytic achievement for the upgraded Pt@BaZrO3/g-C3N4 nanocomposites beneath visible light irradiation were tested by examining ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. Enhanced charge transfer and retarded charges’ recombination were established amid Pt, BaZrO3 NPs and g-C3N4 nanosheets in the developed heterojunctions. The proportion (wt.%) of Pt@BaZrO3 was found to be an essential parameter in governing the photocatalytic efficacy of the promoted Pt@BaZrO3/g-C3N4 nanocomposites. Moreover, complete photocatalytic decomposition of CIP was established over Pt@BaZrO3/g-C3N4 nanocomposite, accommodating 3 wt.% Pt@BaZrO3 NPs. Such superior performance was correlated to the great ability of the Pt@BaZrO3/g-C3N4 to absorb visible light in addition to the prolonged charge separation amid the photo-induced charge carriers.

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Kumar, P. Senthil, S. Karuthapandian, S. Balakumar, S. Thanikaikarasan, Peggy Alvarez, and D. D. Eapen. "Preparation and Characterization of SrO/Cu2O for Phorocatalytic Oxidation of Diphenylamine under UV Light." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 17, no. 3 (2014): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v17i3.421.

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Generally cuprous oxide has higher photocatalytic activity in the visible region. It is widely applicable in the field of dye degradation. SrO/Cu2O nanocomposites were synthesized by sol-gel method and characterized using SEM, EDAX, AFM and particle size analyzer. SEM, EDAX, AFM and particle size analysis studies indicate that SrO/Cu2O composites are in nano-size range. The catalytic efficiency of nanocomposites was compared with commercial mixture of SrO/Cu2O photocatalyzed oxidation of diphenylamine (DPA) using UV light of wavelength 365 nm on SrO/Cu2O nanocomposites and SrO/Cu2O semiconductor mixture surfaces in ethanol yield N-phenyl-pbenzoquinonimine. The photocatalysis was examined as a function of (DPA), airflow rate and intensity of illumination. The photocatalytic studies revealed the sustainable photocatalytic efficiencies. The product formation was high with illumination at 254 nm than at 365 nm. Electron donors like triphenylphosphene, hydroquinone and tetraethylamine do not enhance the photo-oxidation. Both anionic and cationic surfactants favor photocatalysis. Vinyl monomers neither slowdown the photo-oxidation nor undergo polymerization. Singlet oxygen quencher azide ion does not suppress the photo-oxidation. Singlet oxygen generator enhances the photocatalysis. The catalytic efficiencies of nanocomposites were nearly four times higher than that of commercial mixture of SrO/Cu2O.

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Martins, Pedro M., Joana M. Ribeiro, Sara Teixeira, et al. "Photocatalytic Microporous Membrane against the Increasing Problem of Water Emerging Pollutants." Materials 12, no. 10 (2019): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101649.

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Emerging pollutants are an essential class of recalcitrant contaminants that are not eliminated from water after conventional treatment. Here, a photocatalytic microporous membrane based on polyvinylidene difluoride-co-trifluoroethylene (PVDF−TrFE) with immobilised TiO2 nanoparticles, prepared by solvent casting, was tested against representative emerging pollutants. The structure and composition of these polymeric membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, porosimetry, and contact angle goniometry. The nanocomposites exhibited a porous structure with a uniform distribution of TiO2 nanoparticles. The addition of TiO2 did not change the structure of the polymeric matrix; however, it increased the wettability of the nanocomposite. The nanocomposites degraded 99% of methylene blue (MB), 95% of ciprofloxacin (CIP), and 48% of ibuprofen (IBP). The microporous nanocomposite exhibited no photocatalytic efficiency loss after four use cycles, corresponding to 20 h of UV irradiation. The reusability of this system confirms the promising nature of polymer nanocomposites as the basis for cost-effective and scalable treatments of emerging pollutants.

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Tsai, Hsin-Chan, Yu-Hui Peng, Po-Yu Wen, Tsunghsueh Wu, and Yang-Wei Lin. "Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue by CdS-ZnS-BiPO4 Nanocomposites Prepared by a Solvent-Assisted Heating Method." Catalysts 11, no. 9 (2021): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11091095.

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In this study, a ternary CdS-ZnS-BiPO4 nanocomposite, synthesized by a solvent-assisted heating method, demonstrated the highest visible light-induced photocatalysis towards the degradation of methylene blue (MB) when comparing with BiPO4, CdS-BiPO4, and ZnS-BiPO4. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) were used to characterize the prepared nanocomposites. From UV-DRS results, the energy band gap of the prepared BiPO4 structures was 4.51 eV. When CdS nanoparticles were deposited on BiPO4 surface by a solvent-assisted heating method, the prepared nanocomposites exhibited visible light-responsive photocatalytic degradation toward MB (20 ppm). At a molar ratio of Cd to Zn as 1:7, the prepared CdS-ZnS-BiPO4 nanocomposites exhibited the best photocatalytic activity in degrading 95% of MB dyes, out-performing pure BiPO4, CdS-BiPO4, and ZnS-BiPO4 due to its enhanced charge separation efficiency and the lowered carrier recombination from the efficient p-n junction of unprecedented ternary composites. The investigations on mechanism conclude that the major reactive species responsible for MB degradation are holes and oxygen radicals. For practicality, the degradation efficiency for different dyestuff (Fast Green FCF, Rhodamine 6G, Acid Blue 1, methyl orange, and methyl red) degradation in the different water matrix samples (pond water, seawater, and lake water) by the prepared CdS-ZnS-BiPO4 nanocomposites was evaluated.

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Fadillah, Ganjar, Septian Perwira Yudha, Suresh Sagadevan, Is Fatimah, and Oki Muraza. "Magnetic iron oxide/clay nanocomposites for adsorption and catalytic oxidation in water treatment applications." Open Chemistry 18, no. 1 (2020): 1148–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2020-0159.

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AbstractPhysical and chemical methods have been developed for water and wastewater treatments. Adsorption is an attractive method due to its simplicity and low cost, and it has been widely employed in industrial treatment. In advanced schemes, chemical oxidation and photocatalytic oxidation have been recognized as effective methods for wastewater-containing organic compounds. The use of magnetic iron oxide in these methods has received much attention. Magnetic iron oxide nanocomposite adsorbents have been recognized as favorable materials due to their stability, high adsorption capacities, and recoverability, compared to conventional sorbents. Magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites have also been reported to be effective in photocatalytic and chemical oxidation processes. The current review has presented recent developments in techniques using magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites for water treatment applications. The review highlights the synthesis method and compares modifications for adsorbent, photocatalytic oxidation, and chemical oxidation processes. Future prospects for the use of nanocomposites have been presented.

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Ismayil, KM Muhammad, Arun Varghese, and Rosy Antony. "Silver-doped polyaniline–polyvinyl chloride nanocomposite films for photocatalytic and antibacterial applications." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 52, no. 2 (2019): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244318819238.

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Silver-doped polyaniline–polyvinyl chloride (PVC) nanocomposite films (Ag.PANI–PVC) were synthesized by non-solvent-induced phase inversion method. The nanomaterials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet, and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. Thermal stability and tensile strength of the Ag-doped and undoped PANI–PVC films were studied. The photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites on methylene blue dye under visible light was evaluated at different initial concentrations of the dye. Silver-doped nanocomposites exhibited excellent photodegradation efficiency. The kinetics of photocatalysis fit well to the pseudo first-order model. Antibacterial performance of the samples was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria by agar disc diffusion method. It was observed that Ag.PANI–PVC and Ag.PANI have antagonistic effects against the growth of gram-positive bacteria ( S. aureus) and gram-negative bacteria ( E. coli) with inhibition zones in the range of 10–35 mm.

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Sapkota, Kamal Prasad, Md Akherul Islam, Md Abu Hanif, Jeasmin Akter, Insup Lee, and Jae Ryang Hahn. "Hierarchical Nanocauliflower Chemical Assembly Composed of Copper Oxide and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Photocatalytic Dye Degradation." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (2021): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030696.

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We present the fabrication and proficient photocatalytic performance of a series of heterojunction nanocomposites with cauliflower-like architecture synthesized from copper(II) oxide (CuO) nanocrystals and carbon nanotubes with single walls (SWCNTs). These unique photocatalysts were constructed via simplistic recrystallization succeeded by calcination and were labeled as CuOSC-1, CuOSC-2, and CuOSC-3 (representing the components; CuO and SC for SWCNTs, and the calcination time in hours). The photocatalytic potency of the fabricated nanocomposites was investigated on the basis of their capability to decompose methylene blue (MB) dye under visible-light irradiation. Every as-synthesized nanocomposite was effective photocatalyst for the photodecomposition of an MB solution. Moreover, CuOSC-3 exhibited the best photocatalytic activity, with 96% degradation of the visible-light irradiated MB solution in 2 h. Pure CuO nanocrystals generated through the same route and pure SWCNTs were used as controls, where the photocatalytic actions of the nanocomposite samples were found to be remarkably better than that of either the pure CuO or the pure SWCNTs. The recycling proficiency of the photocatalysts was also explored; the results disclosed that the samples could be applied for five cycles without exhibiting a notable change in photocatalytic performance or morphology.

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Zhang, Shengqiang, Changsheng Su, Hang Ren, et al. "In-Situ Fabrication of g-C3N4/ZnO Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue: Synthesis Procedure Does Matter." Nanomaterials 9, no. 2 (2019): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9020215.

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The nanocomposite preparation procedure plays an important role in achieving a well-established heterostructured junction, and hence, an optimized photocatalytic activity. In this study, a series of g-C3N4/ZnO nanocomposites were prepared through two distinct procedures of a low-cost, environmentally-friendly, in-situ fabrication process, with urea and zinc acetate being the only precursor materials. The physicochemical properties of synthesized g-C3N4/ZnO composites were mainly characterized by XRD, UV–VIS diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), N2 adsorption-desorption, FTIR, TEM, and SEM. These nanocomposites’ photocatalytic properties were evaluated in methylene blue (MB) dye photodecomposition under UV and sunlight irradiation. Interestingly, compared with ZnO nanorods, g-C3N4/ZnO nanocomposites (x:1, obtained from urea and ZnO nanorods) exhibited weak photocatalytic activity likely due to a “shading effect”, while nanocomposites (x:1 CN, made from g-C3N4 and zinc acetate) showed enhanced photocatalytic activity that can be ascribed to the effective establishment of heterojunctions. A kinetics study showed that a maximum reaction rate constant of 0.1862 min-1 can be achieved under solar light illumination, which is three times higher than that of bare ZnO nanorods. The photocatalytic mechanism was revealed by determining reactive species through adding a series of scavengers. It suggested that reactive ∙O2− and h+ radicals played a major role in promoting dye photodegradation.

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Светлакова, А. В., М. Sanchez Mendez, Е. С. Тучина та ін. "Исследование фотокаталитической антимикробной активности нанокомпозитов на основе TiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--Al-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- при воздействии светодиодного излучения (405 nm) на стафилококки". Оптика и спектроскопия 129, № 6 (2021): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2021.06.50984.9k-21.

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The photocatalytic activity of nanocomposites based on theta-modification of aluminum oxide Al2O3 with different TiO2 content for heterogeneous photocatalysis and biodegradation of pathogenic microorganisms under the action of LED radiation with a wavelength of 405 nm has been studied. It was found that all the investigated nanocomposites have photocatalytic activity. The maximum antibacterial efficiency of composites with a TiO2 content of 8 wt% (reduction of CFU of Staphylococcus aureus 209 P to 86%), which allows us to recommend this nanomaterial as a promising antimicrobial coating.

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Lu, Yang, Meihuan Yao, Aiguo Zhou, Qianku Hu, and Libo Wang. "Preparation and Photocatalytic Performance of Ti3C2/TiO2/CuO Ternary Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1978764.

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Ti3C2/TiO2/CuO nanocomposites were synthesized via the decomposition of a mixture of Ti3C2 (a novel two-dimensional carbide) and cupric nitrate under an argon atmosphere. The morphology and structures of the obtained samples were characterized. X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometer analysis indicate that the sample is composed of Ti3C2, anatase-TiO2, and CuO. Scanning electron microscopy images show that CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles were evenly distributed on the surface of Ti3C2. The particles size increased with an increase in the cupric nitrate content. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange shows that the Ti3C2/TiO2/CuO nanocomposite has good photocatalytic degradation efficiency. A possible photocatalytic mechanism of the Ti3C2/TiO2/CuO nanocomposites was proposed. The data indicated that CuO and Ti3C2 effectively promote the separation of photoelectrons from vacancies.

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Yang, Haiyan, Liang Jiang, Yizhou Li, et al. "Highly Efficient Red Cabbage Anthocyanin Inserted TiO2 Aerogel Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) under Visible Light." Nanomaterials 8, no. 11 (2018): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8110937.

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In sharp contrast to conventional photosensitization methods in which the organic pigments were often adsorbed, herein we present a study on natural vegetable pigment inserted TiO2 aerogel nanocomposites and we directly use red cabbage anthocyanin (RCP) as a structure-directing agent. It was found that pure TiO2 aerogel nanocomposite did not exhibit any meaningful activity for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). However, the photocatalytic reduction activity was greatly improved by the RCP inserted TiO2 aerogel nanocomposites under visible-light irradiation, which was approximately 2- and 12.3-fold higher than that of TiO2 aerogel conventionally photosensitized by RCP and pure TiO2 aerogel nanocomposites, respectively. It also exhibited good stability and could be reused at least three times without losing a significant amount of its activity.

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Sharifat, Saham, Hossein Zolgharnein, Abdolghader Hamidifalahi, Mahnaz Enayati-Jazi, and Entesar Hamid. "Preparation and Characterization of HAp/TiO₂ Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange under UV-Irradiation." Advanced Materials Research 829 (November 2013): 594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.594.

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A new in-situ precipitation technique is introduced in this study to prepare hydroxyapatite/titania nanocomposites. This technique provides a better control over the microstructures and phase compositions of nanocomposites. The structure and surface morphology of hydroxyapatite/titania nanocomposite were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopes. The photocatalytic activity of hydroxyapatite/titania nanocomposite was evaluated by photocatalytic decolorization of methyl orange in aqueous solution as a model pollutant under UV-irradiation. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared results indicated that hydroxyapatite and anatase (TiO2) were the major crystalline phases. There had been no reaction between hydroxyapatite and titania compounds. Based on the SEM images, the overall morphology of the samples indicates that there exists a distribution of small particles and large agglomerates.The hydroxyapatite/titania nanocomposite exhibited high photocatalytic activity hydroxyapatite/titania nanocomposite under UV-irradiation. After 8 h of irradiation by UV-irradiation, over 80% of methyl orange solution (5 mg L-1) was decolorized with 1 gL-1 of the photocatalyst. Since this process does not require the addition of hydrogen peroxide and uses UV-irradiation in this study are environmentally friendly method to decolorize azo dye.

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Wang, Lingling, Long Shen, Yihuai Li, Luping Zhu, Jiaowen Shen, and Lijun Wang. "Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity on TiO2-Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/824130.

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TiO2-nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (TiO2-CNx) nanocomposites are successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. The prepared photocatalysts were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses (TGA-DSC). The results show that the TiO2nanoparticles with a narrow size of 7 nm are uniformly deposited on CNx. The photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite was studied using methyl orange (MO) as a model organic pollutant. The experimental results revealed that the strong linkage between the CNx and TiO2played a significant role in improving photocatalytic activity. However, the mechanical process for CNx and TiO2mixtures showed lower activity than neat TiO2. Moreover, TiO2-CNx nanocomposites exhibit much higher photocatalytic activity than that of neat TiO2and TiO2-CNTs nanocomposites. The improved photodegradation performances are attributed to the suppressed recombination of electrons and holes caused by the effective transfer of photogenerated electrons from TiO2to CNx.

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Liu, Qiu Yan, Jing Li, Jun Cao, and Chao Rong Li. "Synthesis of Composite TiO₂/Natural Cotton Cellulose Nanofiber with Photocatalytic Property." Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (October 2014): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.393.

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TiO2/NCCN nanocomposites have been prepared by sol-gel and hydrothermal methods. Firstly, the NCCN was prepared by electrospinning technology, then the amorphous TiO2films were coated on the surface of the NCCN by a sol-gel method, and TiO2(anatase structure) nanoparticles could be fixed on the surface of NCCN by a hydrothermal method to get higher photocatalysis efficiency. The photocatalytic activities indicate that the TiO2/NCCN nanocomposites exhibited a good photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of methylthionine chloride (MO) solution under UV light irradiation, leading to an important application in photodegradation of organic pollutant.

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Shetty, Krushitha, B. S. Prathibha, Dinesh Rangappa, K. S. Anatharaju, H. P. Nagaswarupa, and S. C. Prashantha. "Fabrication of MgFe2O4-ZnO Nanocomposites for Photocatalysis of Organic Pollutants under Solar Light Radiation." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 12 (2019): 2995–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22368.

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MgFe2O4, ZnO and MgFe2O4-ZnO samples were successfully prepared through low temperature solution combustion route. The structural and morphological investigation were accomplished by PXRD, HRSEM, UV-visible and FTIR. The PXRD results point towards the reduced size of synthesized nanocomposites, which was further confirmed by HRSEM studies. Optical properties of the prepared samples were examined by UV-visible spectroscopy. The band gap seems to be widened for prepared nanocomposites compared to pure MgFe2O4. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under sunlight was superior in contrast to pure MgFe2O4 and ZnO. MgFe2O4-ZnO (1:1) acts as the most effective photocatalyst activity compared to pure MgFe2O4 and ZnO. EIS data was proven to be an efficient tool for understanding the electronic properties for photocatalytic studies. The enhanced sunlight-driven photocatalytic activities of MgFe2O4-ZnO nanocomposite is supported by the factors such as quantization effect, band gap widening and efficient charge separation. MgFe2O4-ZnO showed excellent reusability with high photocatalytic efficiencies suggesting its suitability for solar photocatalytic applications. Additionally, scavenging test was conducted to know the role of all active species during photoelectrocatalysis. This work presents a facile and effective route for the construction of MgFe2O4-ZnO nanocomposites with intriguing structures and multiple functions.

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Huang, Yunyun, Aoxiang Xiao, Guanhua Hou, Hongtao Li, Tuan Guo, and Bai-Ou Guan. "Photocatalysis in an evanescent field: an in situ approach to studying photocatalytic performance by tracing interfacial refractive index changes and kinetics." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 41 (2018): 20513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta08705a.

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Wu, Yansong, Wei Ding, and Jian Li. "Fabrication of Hierarchical Nanocomposites through a Nature-Mimic Method: Depositing MoS2 Nanoparticles on Carbon Nitride Nanotubes by Polydopamine Coating." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (May 19, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6668393.

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The combination of 1D nanotubes with 0D nanoparticles to integrate a nanocomposite structure has attracted increasing research interest, while the interfacial interaction plays an important role in such composites. This paper presents a facile and universal approach for the fabrication of hierarchical NP-NT nanocomposites with improved photocatalytic performances by mussel chemistry. Polydopamine (PDA) serves as the biomimetic adhesive layer and then connects MoS2 nanoparticles with g-C3N4 nanotubes (CNNTs). The obtained nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR spectra, XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV-vis DRS, and PL. Compared with unmodified CNNTs, the as-prepared MoS2-PDA-CNNT composites exhibited an enhanced photocatalytic properties for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. This research would provide a green and versatile method to construct hierarchical structured nanocomposites with high catalytic activity.

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Kuvarega, Alex T., and Bhekie B. Mamba. "Double Walled Carbon Nanotube/TiO2 Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3746861.

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Double walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT)/N,Pd codoped TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by a modified sol-gel method and characterised using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, DRUV-Vis, XRD, SEM, and TEM analyses. TEM images showed unique pearl-bead-necklace structured morphologies at higher DWCNT ratios. The nanocomposite materials showed characteristic anatase TiO2 Raman bands in addition to the carbon nanotube D and G bands. Red shifts in the UV-Vis absorption edge were observed at low DWCNT percentages. The photocatalytic activity of DWCNT/N,Pd TiO2 nanocomposite was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of eosin yellow under simulated solar light irradiation and the 2% DWCNT/N,Pd TiO2 nanocomposite showed the highest photoactivity while the 20% DWCNT/N,Pd TiO2 hybrid was the least efficient. The photocatalytic enhancement was attributed to the synergistic effects of the supporting and electron channeling role of the DWCNTs as well as the electron trapping effects of the platinum group metal. These phenomena favour the separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs, reducing their recombination rate, which consequently lead to significantly enhanced photoactivity.

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Gilja, Vanja, Zvonimir Katančić, Ljerka Kratofil Krehula, Vilko Mandić, and Zlata Hrnjak-Murgić. "Efficiency of TiO2 catalyst supported by modified waste fly ash during photodegradation of RR45 dye." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 26, no. 1 (2019): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2019-0017.

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AbstractThe waste fly ash (FA) material was subjected to chemical treatment with HCl at elevated temperature for a different time to modify its porosity. Modified FA particles with highest surface area and pore volume were further used as a support for TiO2 catalyst during FA/TiO2 nanocomposite preparation. The nanocomposite photocatalysts were obtained by in situ sol–gel synthesis of titanium dioxide in the presence of FA particles. To perform accurate characterization of modified FA and FA/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalysts, gas adsorption-desorption analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, UV/Vis and Infrared spectroscopy were used. Efficiency evaluation of the synthesized FA/TiO2 nanocomposites was performed by following the removal of Reactive Red 45 (RR45) azo dye during photocatalytic treatment under the UV-A irradiation. Photocatalysis has been carried out up to five cycles with the same catalysts to investigate their stability and the possible reuse. The FA/TiO2 photocatalyst showed very good photocatalytic activity and stability even after the fifth cycles. The obtained results show that successfully modified waste fly ash can be used as very good TiO2 support.

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Magesan, P., S. Sanuja, and M. J. Umapathy. "Novel hybrid chitosan blended MoO3–TiO2 nanocomposite film: evaluation of its solar light photocatalytic and antibacterial activities." RSC Advances 5, no. 53 (2015): 42506–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra05692f.

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Enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial properties of chitosan-blended MoO3–TiO2 nanocomposite film compared to TiO2, MoO3–TiO2 nanocomposites and chitosan film.

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Sasikanth, S. M., and Ganapathi Raman R. "A Brief Review on Synthesis of Metal Oxide Based Nanocompositesandtheir Photocatalytic Applications." Restaurant Business 118, no. 7 (2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i7.7247.

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Nanocomposite, a multiphase solid material which is having the phases of one, two, or three dimensions less than 100 nanometers. These materials have the physical and chemical properties which depend on the morphology and the interfacial characteristics of the component materials. Metal oxide nanocomposites have proven themselves their importance in the present time with a wide variety of applications in every industrial sector. Wet chemical methods are one of the simplest routes for the synthesis of the metal oxide nanocomposites, and they are cost effective as well. For the synthesis of the complex matrix-based metal oxide nanocomposites, Co-precipitation is the method used. The simple synthesis methods make them unique material for different applications. This review paper discusses the synthesisof metal oxide nanocomposites and their applications.

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Heu, Rina, Mohamed Ateia, Dion Awfa, Patiparn Punyapalakul, and Chihiro Yoshimura. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Micropollutants in Water by Zr-MOF/GO Composites." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 2 (2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4020054.

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Nanocomposites of UiO-66 and graphene oxide (UiO-66_GO) were prepared with different GO contents by a one-step hydrothermal method, and their photocatalytic activities for the degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) were investigated under ranges of GO loading, catalyst dose, initial pollutant concentration, and solution pH. The UiO-66_GO nanocomposites showed photocatalytic rate constant up to 0.0136 min−1 for CBZ degradation and its high overall removal efficiency (>90%) in 2 h. The photocatalytic rate constant over the UiO-66_GO nanocomposite was about 2.8 and 1.7 times higher than those over pristine GO and UiO-66, respectively. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity by GO was attributed to increased surface area and porosity, improved light absorption, and narrowed band gap. The composite also showed substantial recyclability and stability over five consecutive cycles of photocatalytic degradation. The experimental results indicated that O2●− and OH● are the responsible radicals for photocatalytic degradation, which helped us propose a photocatalytic mechanism for the enhanced CBZ photodegradation. This work provides a reference for the development of GO-based composite photocatalysts and expands the application of UiO-66 as a photocatalyst for the degradation of persistent micropollutants in water.

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Qi, Shu Yan, Ming Chen, Xiao Hu Liu, and Huan Yan Xu. "Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)/ZnFe₂O₄." Applied Mechanics and Materials 618 (August 2014): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.618.198.

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Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites were prepared by a colloidal deposition (CD) method. The as-prepared AuNPs/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrum (EDS). XRD results showed that the diffraction peaks of AuNPs gradually increased with the increase of AuNPs content. SEM observations revealed that the AuNPs were presented as regular nanoparticles on the ZnFe2O4 in all the composites. With the increase in Au content, the amount of AuNPs deposited on ZnFe2O4 surface increased. EDS element analysis indicated that the actual content of AuNPs in nanocomposites was consistent with its preset value before preparation by CD method. An active dye, Methyl Orange (MO), was employed as the target pollutant to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of AuNPs/ZnFe2O4 under UV irradiation. The photocatalytic evaluation showed that MO discoloration ratio could reach 72.17% when the nanocomposite with AuNPs content of 5 wt.% was used as the photocatalyst. Finally, the possible mechanism for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnFe2O4 by AuNPs was proposed.

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Di, Lijing, Tao Xian, Xiaofeng Sun, et al. "Facile Preparation of CNT/Ag2S Nanocomposites with Improved Visible and NIR Light Photocatalytic Degradation Activity and Their Catalytic Mechanism." Micromachines 10, no. 8 (2019): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10080503.

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In this work, a series of carbon nanotubes (CNT)/Ag2S hybrid nanocomposites were successfully prepared by a facile precipitation method. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation indicates that Ag2S nanoparticles with an average particle size of ~25 nm are uniformly anchored on the surface of CNT. The photocatalytic activities of the CNT/Ag2S nanocomposites were investigated toward the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under visible and near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. It is shown that the nanocomposites exhibit obviously enhanced visible and NIR light photocatalytic activities compared with bare Ag2S nanoparticles. Moreover, the recycling photocatalytic experiment demonstrates that the CNT/Ag2S nanocomposites possess excellent photocatalytic stability. The photoelectrochemical and photoluminescence measurements reveal the efficient separation of photogenerated charges in the CNT/Ag2S nanocomposites. This is the dominant reason behind the improvement of the photocatalytic activity. Based on active species trapping experiments, the possible photocatalytic mechanism of CNT/Ag2S nanocomposites for dye degradation under visible and NIR light irradiation was proposed.

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Rahmayeni, Rahmayeni, Zulhadjri Zulhadjri, Yeni Stiadi, Agusnar Harry, and Syukri Arief. "Synthesis of ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites in organic-free media and their photocatalytic activity under natural sunlight." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 14, no. 2 (2020): 6801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.14.2.2020.20.0532.

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Nanocomposite ZnO/ZnFe2O4 photocatalysts with different proportions of ZnFe2O4 were synthesized in organic-free media using metal nitric as precursors. The ZnO phase with hexagonal wurtzite structure and low crystallinity of ZnFe2O4 was confirmed using XRD (X-Ray diffraction). Different morphologies of the nanocomposites were obtained ranging from rice grain-like with a porous surface to homogeneous sphere-like nanoparticles as shown in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies. Magnetic properties measured by Visible Sampler Magnetometer (VSM) showed diamagnetic and paramagnetic behavior for the nanocomposites. Analysis with Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotometer (DRS) UV-vis showed an increase the composition of ferrite in composites increasing its ability to absorb visible light. Photocatalytic activities of ZnO/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites on the degradation of Rhodamine B dye reached 95.6% after 3 h under natural sunlight suggesting their suitability for sunlight driven photocatalytic applications.

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Khoshnavazi, Roushan, Shler Fereydouni, and Leila Bahrami. "Enhanced photocatalytic activity of nanocomposites of TiO2 doped with Zr, Y or Ce polyoxometalates for degradation of methyl orange dye." Water Science and Technology 73, no. 7 (2016): 1746–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.008.

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The synergistic effect of polyoxometalate (POM) and metal-doped TiO2 (metal = Zr, Y and Ce) was examined, to fabricate nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic activities toward the degradation of methyl orange (MO), as a model textile dye. A series of new nanocomposites, containing different loading amounts of H9Na3[WZn3(H2O)2(ZnW9O34)2].24H2O (HZnW) (10–30%) on each of the metal-doped TiO2 nanoparticles, were synthesized using impregnation method. The morphology and crystal phase of the as-prepared nanocomposites were investigated by various characterization techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, indicating that the HZnW and metal-doped TiO2 had been successfully incorporated into the nanocomposite structure. The effects of parameters such as loading amount of HZnW, catalyst dose, pH and initial concentration of dye solution were investigated on the degradation kinetics and it was interestingly found that the prepared nanocomposites could efficiently degrade the MO dye in 5–7 min under UV light irradiation. The best results were obtained for the HZnW-Zr-TiO2 among the different nanocomposites. Also, control studies showed the superior photocatalytic properties of composites compared to that of the individual components. The facile preparation and their improved photocatalytic activities suggest that these materials can have a promising future for water and wastewater purifications.

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Shahabuddin, Syed, Norazilawati Muhamad Sarih, Fatem Hamime Ismail, Muhammad Mehmood Shahid, and Nay Ming Huang. "Synthesis of chitosan grafted-polyaniline/Co3O4 nanocube nanocomposites and their photocatalytic activity toward methylene blue dye degradation." RSC Advances 5, no. 102 (2015): 83857–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra11237k.

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Co3O4 nanocube-doped chitosan-grafted-polyaniline nanocomposites have been successfully synthesised. The synthesised polymeric nanocomposite was stable and exhibits greater photocatalytic activity to degrade MB efficiently within a short duration of time.

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Elshypany, Rania, Hanaa Selim, K. Zakaria, et al. "Magnetic ZnO Crystal Nanoparticle Growth on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance under Visible Light Irradiation." Molecules 26, no. 8 (2021): 2269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082269.

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Magnetite zinc oxide (MZ) (Fe3O4/ZnO) with different ratios of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized using the solid-state method. The structural and optical properties of the nanocomposites were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis/DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometry. In particular, the analyses show higher photocatalytic movement for crystalline nanocomposite (MZG) than MZ and ZnO nanoparticles. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) with crystalline ZnO for 1.5 h under visible light was 12%. By contrast, the photocatalytic activity for MZG was more than 98.5%. The superior photocatalytic activity of the crystalline nanocomposite was detected to be due to the synergistic effect between magnetite and zinc oxide in the presence of reduced graphene oxide. Moreover, the fabricated nanocomposite had high electron–hole stability. The crystalline nanocomposite was stable when the material was used several times.

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Qin, YL, WW Zhao, Z. Sun, et al. "Photocatalytic and adsorption property of ZnS–TiO2/RGO ternary composites for methylene blue degradation." Adsorption Science & Technology 37, no. 9-10 (2018): 764–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263617418810932.

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The visible light–driven ZnS–TiO2/RGO nanocomposites, with good visible light–driven photocatalytic activity, utilizing graphene oxide as precursor, were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal thermal method with graphene oxide as precursor. Ti4+ ions were derived from titanium dioxide powder (TiO2, P25) and tetrabutyl titanate. S2− ions and Zn2+ ions were provided by sodium sulfide and zinc acetate, respectively. The photocatalytic and absorbance activity of the nanocomposites was investigated through the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution. The results showed that the ZnS–TiO2/RGO nanocomposite prepared by tetrabutyl titanate exhibited better photocatalytic and adsorbance activity for methylene blue under visible light irradiation and its photocatalytic efficiency reached 90% in 60-min light irradiation, almost 1.5 times that of the synthesized ZnS–TiO2/RGO by P25, which was attributed to a cooperative reaction because of an increase of photo-absorption effect of graphene sheets and photocatalytic effect of ZnS nanoparticles. The adsorbance activity for ZnS–TiO2/RGO–tetrabutyl titanate) reached 48%, which was almost 1.7 times higher than that of ZnS–TiO2/RGO-P25 and almost 3.7 times higher than that of ZnS/RGO.

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Prasert, Ampawan, Somchoke Sontikaew, Dilok Sriprapai, and Surawut Chuangchote. "Polypropylene/ZnO Nanocomposites: Mechanical Properties, Photocatalytic Dye Degradation, and Antibacterial Property." Materials 13, no. 4 (2020): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040914.

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Nanocomposite materials were prepared by compounding polypropylene (PP) with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, using a twin-screw extruder. The compound was molded by injection molding to form dumbbell-shaped specimens. The influence of ZnO nanoparticle content on the morphology, mechanical properties, chemical structure, photocatalytic activity, and antibacterial properties of the obtained nanocomposites was investigated. The morphological images showed that the ZnO nanoparticles were well distributed in the PP matrix. Characterizations of the mechanical properties and chemical structures before and after sunlight exposure found that at the shortest exposure time, crosslinks could occur in the nanocomposites, which resulted in improved mechanical properties. However, sunlight exposure with the time period longer than 18 weeks caused the reduction of the mechanical properties, due to degradation of the PP matrix. It was found that PP with 2% ZnO could achieve the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue up to 59%. Moreover, the result of antibacterial tests indicated that the nanocomposites had better antibacterial properties than neat PP.

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Kumar, Suneel, Ashish Kumar, Ashish Bahuguna, Vipul Sharma, and Venkata Krishnan. "Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (August 3, 2017): 1571–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.159.

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In the pursuit towards the use of sunlight as a sustainable source for energy generation and environmental remediation, photocatalytic water splitting and photocatalytic pollutant degradation have recently gained significant importance. Research in this field is aimed at solving the global energy crisis and environmental issues in an ecologically-friendly way by using two of the most abundant natural resources, namely sunlight and water. Over the past few years, carbon-based nanocomposites, particularly graphene and graphitic carbon nitride, have attracted much attention as interesting materials in this field. Due to their unique chemical and physical properties, carbon-based nanocomposites have made a substantial contribution towards the generation of clean, renewable and viable forms of energy from light-based water splitting and pollutant removal. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent research progress in the field of energy generation and environmental remediation using two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites. It begins with a brief introduction to the field, basic principles of photocatalytic water splitting for energy generation and environmental remediation, followed by the properties of carbon-based nanocomposites. Then, the development of various graphene-based nanocomposites for the above-mentioned applications is presented, wherein graphene plays different roles, including electron acceptor/transporter, cocatalyst, photocatalyst and photosensitizer. Subsequently, the development of different graphitic carbon nitride-based nanocomposites as photocatalysts for energy and environmental applications is discussed in detail. This review concludes by highlighting the advantages and challenges involved in the use of two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalysis. Finally, the future perspectives of research in this field are also briefly mentioned.

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Xu, Xuan, Qiulin Zou, Yunsong Yuan, Fangying Ji, Zihong Fan, and Bi Zhou. "Preparation of BiVO4-Graphene Nanocomposites and Their Photocatalytic Activity." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/401697.

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We prepared BiVO4-graphene nanocomposites by using a facile single-step method and characterized the material by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse-reflection spectroscopy, and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. The results show that graphene oxide in the catalyst was thoroughly reduced. The BiVO4is densely dispersed on the graphene sheets, which facilitates the transport of electrons photogenerated in BiVO4, thereby leading to an efficient separation of photogenerated carriers in the coupled graphene-nanocomposite system. For degradation of rhodamine B dye under visible-light irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanocomposites was over ∼20% faster than for pure BiVO4catalyst. To study the contribution of electrons and holes in the degradation reaction, silver nitrate and potassium sodium tartrate were added to the BiVO4-graphene photocatalytic reaction system as electron-trapping agent and hole-trapping agent, respectively. The results show that holes play the main role in the degradation of rhodamine B.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Photocatalytic nanocomposites'

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