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1

Piech, Izabela, and Mateusz Kopciara. "Modernization of buildings in a specific area, using photogrammetric methods." Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape 3 (2021): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/gll/2021.3.65.

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Photogrammetry is a rapidly developing field of science, using new technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and digital cameras. This field deals with obtaining reliable information about physical objects and their surroundings by means of recording, measuring and interpreting images [Markiewicz et al. 2012]. Currently, unmanned aerial vehicles are used not only for taking amateur or professional commemorative aerial photographs, but they also find much more specialized applications. Among these applications, we can distinguish air pollution inspections (carried out, among others, by municipal police), border inspections, search for missing persons, and many other uses [Nowobilski 2020]. UAV photogrammetry can be understood as a new photogrammetric measurement tool. It opens up various new applications in the field of short-range imaging, combining aerial and ground photogrammetry; and it also introduces low-cost alternatives to classical aerial photogrammetry with crew [Eisenbeiß 2009]. Today, not everyone can afford photogrammetric flight campaigns, which require more time and money. Although UAVs are not used on a large scale in surveying, still, their development, the possibility of using them for surveying works, the accessibility and ease of application, as well as the development of the cameras themselves, convince more and more surveyors to use them more broadly in the performance of geodetic works. Unmanned aerial vehicles are used to perform photogrammetric mission flights, thanks to which photos of the land surface are obtained. This allows for the generation of orthophotos, and even three-dimensional terrain models, enabling further analysis of the studied area. The aim of this study was to present the possibility of using UAVs for the purpose of updating land and buildings records in a specific area. Based on the photos obtained during the photogrammetric mission, an orthophotomap had been generated, which was subsequently used for the modernisation of records and updating the functions of buildings and areas. Then, all the buildings on the land plots were grouped according to their function, status, construction material, number of storeys, and area calculated from the roof surface. 37 land plots were covered by the measurement. 5 selected plots were used for the purpose of this publication.
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Genin, S. M. "PHOTOGRAMMETRY: METHODS OF SURVEY AND APPLICATIONS ON RESTORATION WORKS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-557-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper presents diverse methods of photogrammetric surveys and applications in restoration works. It compares the methods of survey and highlights their advantages for each specific project. All the methods used showed the great advantage of photogrammetry, compared with the traditional method of survey. There is a great reduction of working hours (field and office). The restitution may be drawn up at any time, with the required degree of rigour, and may be more or less detailed depending on the needs of the Project, case of the dismantling of Cais das Colunas, in Lisbon. The single-image photogrammetry allows the restitution of flat elements, without information on their depth, which is ideal for surveying facades. In the Conservation project of the vaults of Jerónimos monastery church, the traditional stereophotogrammetry had the advantage of stereoscopic vision, allowing a careful observation of the details, anomalies of the construction and a precise diagnostic in situ. Photogrammetry of multiple images is a much faster method for obtaining the 3D model, through a dense cloud of points, which is the most commonly used in recent restoration projects, for heritage documentation and three-dimensional visualisation of the object. This last method was used to survey the church facade of the monastery of Alcobaça. The survey of São Miguel – o - Anjo lighthouse in Porto, and all the other cases, proved that photogrammetric restitution allows a detailed mapping of the construction, necessary for a correct diagnostic of the anomalies to support the Conservation Project.</p>
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Bartoš, Karol, Katarína Pukanská, and Janka Sabová. "Overview of Available Open-Source Photogrammetric Software, its Use and Analysis." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 2, no. 4 (April 30, 2014): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol2.iss4.170.

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The current technological era provides a wide range of geodetic procedures and methods to document the actual state of objects on the Earth surface and at the same time course and shape of surface itself. Digital photogrammetry is one of these technologies, it allows the use of methods such as single-image photogrammetry, stereo photogrammetry (optical scanning), convergent imaging and SfM method (structure-from-motion) with final data in the form of point clouds, digital spatial models, orthophotos and other derived documents. Similar outputs can be obtained also by other technologies, mainly by terrestrial laser scanning, whilst each of the two technologies offers certain advantages and disadvantages. Especially purchasing and operating costs are one of the major drawbacks of laser scanning (while being an advantage of photogrammetry). In recent years, there has been a significant increase in development and creation of new, freely accessible (open-source) photogrammetric software, thus reducing these financial demands even more. The aim of this paper is to provide a basic overview of some of the most suitable open-source photogrammetric software and point out their strengths and weaknesses.
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Zainuddin, K., Z. Majid, M. F. M. Ariff, and K. M. Idris. "MEASUREMENT ACCURACY ON 3D POINT CLOUD GENERATED USING MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY BY DIFFERENT CALIBRATION METHODS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W16 (October 1, 2019): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-697-2019.

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Abstract. The state-of-the-art lightweight multispectral cameras are widely used for low altitude remote sensing, also can be exploited as a tool for close-range photogrammetry application. The acquired imagery can be used for generating the 3D model using Structure-from-Motion/ Multi-view Stereo (SfM/MVS) processing software. In photogrammetry, camera calibration is an essential step for accurate measurement. The parameter of the camera system can be estimated using photogrammetric self-calibration bundle-adjustment, or by automatic and straightforward calibration procedure developed by computer vision (CV) community. When using SfM/MVS photogrammetry software, the pre-calibration value is not required, as the algorithm calculates the parameter as a part of point cloud construction process. Nevertheless, processing with the uncalibrated image is only suitable when no metric accuracy required in the modelling project. This paper aims to evaluate the measurement accuracy on generated 3D point cloud based on different estimated parameter method. The evaluation of measurement accuracy started by estimates the camera’s interior parameter using two different approaches; photogrammetric self-calibration bundle-adjustment and computer vision calibration. The estimated parameter from both methods then imported into commercial SfM/MVS software to construct the 3D point cloud. The point cloud also generated using uncalibrated images and used for measurement accuracy assessment. All parameters applied to the same datasets involved three different check-fields. Two accuracy assessments were performed by comparing the check-points and check-distance extracted with the total station measurement. As a result, the point cloud generated using photogrammetric approach provides the most accurate result on both assessments. While the automatic on-the-job self-calibration shows inconsistent results.
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Putkiranta, Pauli, Matti Kurkela, Matias Ingman, Aino Keitaanniemi, Aimad El Issaoui, Harri Kaartinen, Eija Honkavaara, Hannu Hyyppä, Juha Hyyppä, and Matti T. Vaaja. "Performance Assessment of Reference Modelling Methods for Defect Evaluation in Asphalt Concrete." Sensors 21, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 8190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248190.

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The deterioration of road conditions and increasing repair deficits pose challenges for the maintenance of reliable road infrastructure, and thus threaten, for example, safety and the fluent flow of traffic. Improved and more efficient procedures for maintenance are required, and these require improved knowledge of road conditions, i.e., improved data. Three-dimensional mapping presents possibilities for large-scale collection of data on road surfaces and automatic evaluation of maintenance needs. However, the development and, specifically, evaluation of large-scale mobile methods requires reliable references. To evaluate possibilities for close-range, static, high-resolution, three-dimensional measurement of road surfaces for reference use, three measurement methods and five instrumentations are investigated: terrestrial laser scanning (TLS, Leica RTC360), photogrammetry using high-resolution professional-grade cameras (Nikon D800 and D810E), photogrammetry using an industrial camera (FLIR Grasshopper GS3-U3-120S6C-C), and structured-light handheld scanners Artec Leo and Faro Freestyle. High-resolution photogrammetry is established as reference based on laboratory measurements and point density. The instrumentations are compared against one another using cross-sections, point–point distances, and ability to obtain key metrics of defects, and a qualitative assessment of the processing procedures for each is carried out. It is found that photogrammetric models provide the highest resolutions (10–50 million points per m2) and photogrammetric and TLS approaches perform robustly in precision with consistent sub-millimeter offsets relative to one another, while handheld scanners perform relatively inconsistently. A discussion on the practical implications of using each of the examined instrumentations is presented.
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Belmonte, A. A., M. M. P. Biong, and E. G. Macatulad. "DEM GENERATION FROM CLOSE-RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY USING EXTENDED PYTHON PHOTOGRAMMETRY TOOLBOX." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W5 (October 5, 2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w5-11-2017.

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Digital elevation models (DEMs) are widely used raster data for different applications concerning terrain, such as for flood modelling, viewshed analysis, mining, land development, engineering design projects, to name a few. DEMs can be obtained through various methods, including topographic survey, LiDAR or photogrammetry, and internet sources. Terrestrial close-range photogrammetry is one of the alternative methods to produce DEMs through the processing of images using photogrammetry software. There are already powerful photogrammetry software that are commercially-available and can produce high-accuracy DEMs. However, this entails corresponding cost. Although, some of these software have free or demo trials, these trials have limits in their usable features and usage time. One alternative is the use of free and open-source software (FOSS), such as the Python Photogrammetry Toolbox (PPT), which provides an interface for performing photogrammetric processes implemented through python script. For relatively small areas such as in mining or construction excavation, a relatively inexpensive, fast and accurate method would be advantageous. In this study, PPT was used to generate 3D point cloud data from images of an open pit excavation. The PPT was extended to add an algorithm converting the generated point cloud data into a usable DEM.
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Jacobsen, L. R., and P. N. Biondo. "A New Shipbuilding Measurement Tool—Photogrammetry for Measuring Circularity of Submarine Hulls." Journal of Ship Production 2, no. 02 (May 1, 1986): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1986.2.2.80.

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Photogrammetry is the art, science, and technology used in the interpretation of coordinate data about physical objects by the measurement and analysis of photographic images. This paper is concerned with the use of photogrammetry to measure the as-built circularity (out-of-roundness) of the Trident Class submarine pressure hull cylinders Various other mechanical methods have been used in the past for measuring hull circularities, but the unique features and capabilities of photogrammetry have proved themselves well in meeting demanding shipyard needs. The large, awkward shape of submarine pressure hull cylinders, m combination with the flexibility and ease of the use of the photogrammetric technique, makes photogrammetry a productive tool in support of submarine construction.
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Kapica, Roman, Dana Vrublová, and Markéta Michalusová. "PHOTOGRAMMETRIC DOCUMENTATION OF CZECHOSLOVAK BORDER FORTIFICATIONS AT HLUČÍN-DARKOVIČKY." Geodesy and Cartography 39, no. 2 (June 28, 2013): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2013.806243.

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The Institute of Geodesy and Mine Surveying of the Technical University Ostrava makes photogrammetric surveying of major built objects in the Moravian-Silesian region. The focus of the present study is on special monuments that form integral parts of regional history and make outstanding landmarks. Terrestrial photogrammetry was used as the surveying methods used. The primary goal of photogrammetric surveying is to identify geometric shapes and to create visualisations of objects. Photogrammetric surveying provides valuable documentary data for uses in the areas of the history of architecture and technical research as well as for renovations and advertising campaigns. Our 3D models were created by using terrestrial digital photogrammetry.
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Alsadik, B., and N. A. Abdulateef. "EPIPOLAR GEOMETRY BETWEEN PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND COMPUTER VISION – A COMPUTATIONAL GUIDE." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-5-2022 (May 18, 2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-5-2022-25-2022.

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Abstract. Stereo image orientation is one of the major topics in computer vision, photogrammetry, and robotics. The stereo vision problem solution represents the basic element of the multi-view Structure from Motion SfM in computer vision and photogrammetry.A successfully reconstructed stereo image geometry is based on solving the epipolar constraint using the fundamental matrix which is based on the projective geometry in computer vision. However, in photogrammetry, the problem is well known as relative orientation and there is a different solution that is based on the euclidean geometry using collinearity or coplanarity equations.A lot of literature and discussions were found in the last decades to solve the epipolar geometry problem. However, there is still no clear description to compare between solutions introduced using both projective and euclidean solutions and which method of the relative image orientation is mostly preferred.To the best of our knowledge, computing and plotting the epipolar lines using photogrammetric collinearity and coplanarity equations is not shown before in the educational litrature. In this paper, a detailed mathematical solution of the epipolar geometry will be shown using both photogrammetric and computer vision techniques. This is aimed to remove any confusion for new learners in using the current methods in both scientific fields and show that using any technique should lead to comparable results with advantages and disadvantages.
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Fawcett, D., J. Blanco-Sacristán, and P. Benaud. "Two decades of digital photogrammetry: Revisiting Chandler’s 1999 paper on “Effective application of automated digital photogrammetry for geomorphological research” – a synthesis." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 43, no. 2 (March 4, 2019): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133319832863.

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Digital photogrammetry has experienced rapid development regarding the technology involved and its ease of use over the past two decades. We revisit the work of Jim Chandler who in 1999 published a technical communication seeking to familiarise novice users of photogrammetric methods with important theoretical concepts and practical considerations. In doing so, we assess considerations such as camera calibration and the need for photo-control and check points, as they apply to modern software and workflows, in particular for structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry. We also highlight the implications of lightweight drones being the new platform of choice for many photogrammetry-based studies in the geosciences. Finally, we present three examples based on our own work, showing the opportunities that SfM photogrammetry offers at different scales and systems: at the micro-scale for monitoring geomorphological change, and at the meso-scale for hydrological modelling and the reconstruction of vegetation canopies. Our examples showcase developments and applications of photogrammetry which go beyond what was considered feasible 20 years ago and indicate future directions that applications may take. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that, in-line with Chandler’s recommendations, the pre-calibration of consumer-grade cameras, instead of relying entirely on self-calibration by software, can yield palpable benefits in micro-scale applications and that measurements of sufficient control points are still central to generating reproducible, high-accuracy products. With the unprecedented ease of use and wide areas of application, scientists applying photogrammetric methods would do well to remember basic considerations and seek methods for the validation of generated products.
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Komissarov, Alexander V., and Valeriya V. Dedkova. "ANALYSIS OF CREATING BENCHMARK IMAGES METHODS TO TEST THE ACCURACY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SOFTWARE." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 26, no. 2 (2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2021-26-2-47-55.

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Digital photogrammetry is based on the use of specialized photogrammetric software (or digital photogrammetric systems) to solve problems related to the aerospace imagery processing. A wide range of programs and high price motivate consumers to choose the right software that responds to requirements of processing accuracy, amount of work, time of execution, etc. The main goal of this study is to analyze the existing methods of benchmark images creating to test photogrammetric pro-grams. The article carries out the analysis of existing techniques of creating benchmark images, classi-fication, selection of benchmark images types suitable for testing of photogrammetric software, and substantiates the necessity for checking of aerial survey results quality in specialized software.
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Kardoš, M. "Methods of digital photogrammetry in forest management in Slovakia." Journal of Forest Science 59, No. 2 (February 12, 2013): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/35/2012-jfs.

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&nbsp; The practical aspect of utilization of digital photogrammetry methods and their products in Slovak forestry is presented. We deal with the comparison of various data obtained by digital cameras, their accuracy, utilization and effectiveness for mapping. Based on presented results we summarize the main conclusions in the field of forest mapping. We also deal with the process of pan-sharpening for the preparation of image data for the interpretation and classification of forestry features. Also, the statistical characteristics of two photogrammetric projects with different geometric resolution photos (Ultracam D digital camera with ground sample distance of 10&nbsp;cm and UltracamX digital camera with ground sample distance of 20 cm) from the same experimental area of the University Forest Enterprise Zvolen are described with the aim of finding an appropriate solution suitable for forest mapping. In both cases, the horizontal accuracy of the photogrammetric projects is presented. Finally, the process of true orthophoto generation and its utilization in forestry is the focus. Both experiments in this paper presented results which fulfil the accuracy standards defined by the state cadastre within the mapping of large scale maps. All projects, apart from the project of direct georeferencing, fulfilled the third accuracy class of mapping, so they can be used within cadastral mapping, land consolidations and, of course, within forested land mapping. Still, all the projects meet the accuracy requirements within the forest mapping standard, where the forestry features and forest spatial distribution units are mapped. &nbsp;
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Stojakovic, Vesna. "Terrestrial photogrammetry and application to modeling architectural objects." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 6, no. 1 (2008): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace0801113s.

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In this paper terrestrial photogrammetry is analyzed and its applications in architecture presented. Photogrammetry is a technique of representing and measuring 3D objects using data stored on 2D photographs and it has many advantages over traditional methods. We give theoretical background for the methods used in creating 3D models from photographs and then, using the appropriate software, we apply these methods to create 3D models of architectural objects. Using the described photogrammetric methods we constructed detailed 3D models of over 100 sacral objects in Vojvodina built from 18th until the first half of the 20th century. Many of these objects were seriously damaged, some in a critical condition and it was the last moment to record their present state.
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Dolgikh, L. V., S. V. Dikhtiar, and A. О. Tomashevska. "Digital photogrammetry methods in underground mining." Jornal of Kryvyi Rih National University, no. 52 (2021): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31721/2306-5451-2021-1-52-85-90.

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S., Grushin, and Sosnovsky I. "Photogrammetry in Archaeology – Possibilities and Methods." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy, no. 1 (2018): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2018)1(21).-08.

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Granshaw, S. I. "BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT METHODS IN ENGINEERING PHOTOGRAMMETRY." Photogrammetric Record 10, no. 56 (August 26, 2006): 181–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1980.tb00020.x.

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Ortiz Coder, Pedro. "Digitalización automática del patrimonio arqueológico a partir de fotogrametría." Virtual Archaeology Review 4, no. 8 (November 20, 2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2013.4287.

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<p>New techniques in graphical heritage documentation have been improving recently. Modern photogrammetry and laser scanner constitute techniques with a good quality for those purposes. In this document, we will explain an easy photogrammetric method which permits to obtain accurate results. It is important to separate it from other methods based on computer vision with less accuracy. 4e photogrammetry solution is applied in this test through pictures taken from UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) and used on an archaeological site in Extremadura.</p>
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Altuntas, C., S. Mert, G. Yaman, Y. Cengiz, and M. Sonmez. "PHOTOGRAMMETRIC WIREFRAME AND DENSE POINT CLOUD 3D MODELLING OF HISTORICAL STRUCTURES: THE STUDY OF SULTAN SELIM MOSQUE AND YUSUF AGA LIBRARY IN KONYA, TURKEY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-77-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The photogrammetry enables to getting high accuracy measurement with low-cost and easy application in documentation of historical structures. The object details are signified with lines in cultural heritage documentation by photogrammetry. The combination of all the lines create 3D wireframe model of the measurement object. In addition, patch surfaces of the wireframe are mapped with the texture from the images for more realistic visualization. On the other hand, the progress on computer vision and image processing techniques is allowing automatically perform the photogrammetric process. A large number of points that are called dense point cloud can be measured from coverage area of multi view images. The dense point cloud represents the object shape with small space measured points while the wireframe photogrammetry is representing the object with lines. In this study these two photogrammetric methods were evaluated with respect to visualization, cost, labour and measurement time through 3D modelling of historical structures of Sultan Selim Mosque and Yusuf Aga Library.</p>
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Masiero, A., F. Fissore, A. Guarnieri, F. Pirotti, and A. Vettore. "PHOTOGRAMMETRIC RECONSTRUCTION WITH BAYESIAN INFORMATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 6, 2016): 681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b1-681-2016.

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Nowadays photogrammetry and laser scanning methods are the most wide spread surveying techniques. Laser scanning methods usually allow to obtain more accurate results with respect to photogrammetry, but their use have some issues, e.g. related to the high cost of the instrumentation and the typical need of high qualified personnel to acquire experimental data on the field. Differently, photogrammetric reconstruction can be achieved by means of low cost devices and by persons without specific training. Furthermore, the recent diffusion of smart devices (e.g. smartphones) embedded with imaging and positioning sensors (i.e. standard camera, GNSS receiver, inertial measurement unit) is opening the possibility of integrating more information in the photogrammetric reconstruction procedure, in order to increase its computational efficiency, its robustness and accuracy. In accordance with the above observations, this paper examines and validates new possibilities for the integration of information provided by the inertial measurement unit (IMU) into the photogrammetric reconstruction procedure, and, to be more specific, into the procedure for solving the feature matching and the bundle adjustment problems.
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Masiero, A., F. Fissore, A. Guarnieri, F. Pirotti, and A. Vettore. "PHOTOGRAMMETRIC RECONSTRUCTION WITH BAYESIAN INFORMATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 6, 2016): 681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b1-681-2016.

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Nowadays photogrammetry and laser scanning methods are the most wide spread surveying techniques. Laser scanning methods usually allow to obtain more accurate results with respect to photogrammetry, but their use have some issues, e.g. related to the high cost of the instrumentation and the typical need of high qualified personnel to acquire experimental data on the field. Differently, photogrammetric reconstruction can be achieved by means of low cost devices and by persons without specific training. Furthermore, the recent diffusion of smart devices (e.g. smartphones) embedded with imaging and positioning sensors (i.e. standard camera, GNSS receiver, inertial measurement unit) is opening the possibility of integrating more information in the photogrammetric reconstruction procedure, in order to increase its computational efficiency, its robustness and accuracy. In accordance with the above observations, this paper examines and validates new possibilities for the integration of information provided by the inertial measurement unit (IMU) into the photogrammetric reconstruction procedure, and, to be more specific, into the procedure for solving the feature matching and the bundle adjustment problems.
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Suwardhi, Deni, Kamal Nur Fauzan, Agung Budi Harto, Budhy Soeksmantono, Riantini Virtriana, and Arnadi Murtiyoso. "3D Modeling of Individual Trees from LiDAR and Photogrammetric Point Clouds by Explicit Parametric Representations for Green Open Space (GOS) Management." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11030174.

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The development and management of green open spaces are essential in overcoming environmental problems such as air pollution and urban warming. 3D modeling and biomass calculation are the example efforts in managing green open spaces. In this study, 3D modeling was carried out on point clouds data acquired by the UAV photogrammetry and UAV LiDAR methods. 3D modeling is done explicitly using the point clouds fitting method. This study uses three fitting methods: the spherical fitting method, the ellipsoid fitting method, and the spherical harmonics fitting method. The spherical harmonics fitting method provides the best results and produces an R2 value between 0.324 to 0.945. In this study, Above-Ground Biomass (AGB) calculations were also carried out from the modeling results using three methods with UAV LiDAR and Photogrammetry data. AGB calculation using UAV LiDAR data gives better results than using photogrammetric data. AGB calculation using UAV LiDAR data gives an accuracy of 78% of the field validation results. However, for visualization purposes with a not-too-wide area, a 3D model of photogrammetric data using the spherical harmonics method can be used.
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Jianming, Chen. "Map of the Mount Gongga Glacier: A Combination of Terrestrial and Aerial Photogrammetry." Annals of Glaciology 8 (1986): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500001099.

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For use in glaciological research, between 1982 and 1984, we succeeded in surveying and mapping the Mount Gongga Glacier, on a scale of 1:25 000, by means of a combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. This paper describes the method in detail.In the survey area, we set up an independent, triangulation network, with microwave distance measurement, and two, independent, straight-line traverses, for basic control. Control points were observed by intersection. The terrestrial, photogrammetric baselines were projected and corrected into distances on the. plane of the map.Terrestrial photography accounted for the majority of the photographs of the survey area. Surveying and mapping of planimetrie and topographic features were completed on a stereo-autograph, using plates mainly from terrestrial photogrammetry. Where these data were insufficient, they were supplemented by aerial photography, plotted on a photographic plotting instrument. Orientation points of the aerial photographs were established by terrestrial, photogrammetric analysis and located on the map by an optical, mechanical method.The practical result showed that a combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry, in mapping a high, mountain, glacier area, on a large scale, is more feasible and flexible than other methods and more economical as well.
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Jianming, Chen. "Map of the Mount Gongga Glacier: A Combination of Terrestrial and Aerial Photogrammetry." Annals of Glaciology 8 (1986): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500001099.

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For use in glaciological research, between 1982 and 1984, we succeeded in surveying and mapping the Mount Gongga Glacier, on a scale of 1:25 000, by means of a combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry. This paper describes the method in detail. In the survey area, we set up an independent, triangulation network, with microwave distance measurement, and two, independent, straight-line traverses, for basic control. Control points were observed by intersection. The terrestrial, photogrammetric baselines were projected and corrected into distances on the. plane of the map. Terrestrial photography accounted for the majority of the photographs of the survey area. Surveying and mapping of planimetrie and topographic features were completed on a stereo-autograph, using plates mainly from terrestrial photogrammetry. Where these data were insufficient, they were supplemented by aerial photography, plotted on a photographic plotting instrument. Orientation points of the aerial photographs were established by terrestrial, photogrammetric analysis and located on the map by an optical, mechanical method. The practical result showed that a combination of terrestrial and aerial photogrammetry, in mapping a high, mountain, glacier area, on a large scale, is more feasible and flexible than other methods and more economical as well.
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Burdziakowski, Pawel, and Pawel Tysiac. "Combined Close Range Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Ship Hull Modelling." Geosciences 9, no. 5 (May 26, 2019): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9050242.

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The paper addresses the fields of combined close-range photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning in the light of ship modelling. The authors pointed out precision and measurement accuracy due to their possible complex application for ship hulls inventories. Due to prescribed vitality of every ship structure, it is crucial to prepare documentation to support the vessel processes. The presented methods are directed, combined photogrammetric techniques in ship hull inventory due to submarines. The class of photogrammetry techniques based on high quality photos are supposed to be relevant techniques of the inventories’ purpose. An innovative approach combines these methods with Terrestrial Laser Scanning. The process stages of data acquisition, post-processing, and result analysis are presented and discussed due to market requirements. Advantages and disadvantages of the applied methods are presented.
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Schön, S. "INTEGRITY – A TOPIC FOR PHOTOGRAMMETRY ?" ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B1-2020 (August 6, 2020): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b1-2020-565-2020.

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Abstract. Photogrammetric methods and sensors like LIDAR, RADAR and cameras are becoming more and more important for new applications like highly automatic driving, since they enable capturing relative information of the ego vehicle w.r.t its environment. Integrity measure the trust that we can put in the navigation information of a system. The concept of integrity was first developed for civil aviation and is linked to reliability concepts well known in geodesy and photogrammetry. Currently, the navigation community is discussing how to guarantee integrity for car navigation and multi-sensor systems.In this paper, we will give a short review on integrity concepts and on the current discussion of how to apply it to car navigation. We will discuss which role photogrammetry could play to solve the open issues in the integrity definition and monitoring for multi-sensor systems.
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Granshaw, S. I. "Close Range Photogrammetry: Principles, Methods And Applications." Photogrammetric Record 25, no. 130 (June 8, 2010): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.2010.00574_1.x.

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Castillo, Jose C., Grace Gianneschi, Demyana Azer, Amornrut Manosudprasit, Arshan Haghi, Neetu Bansal, Veerasathpurush Allareddy, and Mohamed I. Masoud. "The relationship between 3D dentofacial photogrammetry measurements and traditional cephalometric measurements." Angle Orthodontist 89, no. 2 (November 5, 2018): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/120317-825.1.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the relationship between traditional cephalometric measurements and corresponding nonradiographic three-dimensional (3D) photogrammetry measurements. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 20 orthodontic patients (10 male and 10 female) who received lateral cephalometric radiographs and 3D dentofacial photogrammetric records with each subject serving as his or her own control for a total sample size of 40 images (20 per method). A 3D analysis that resembled a traditional cephalometric analysis was established using the eyes and natural head orientation as substitutes for the cranial base. Pearson correlation coefficients and multivariable linear regression plots were calculated to evaluate the relationship between the photogrammetry measurements and the cephalometric measurements. Results: The ANB angle, mandibular plane angle, lower anterior face height, upper incisor angle to SN, upper incisor angle to NA, and all measurements of lower incisor position and inclination had strong positive Pearson correlation coefficients with the corresponding 3D photogrammetry measurements (P &lt; .004). Statistically significant regression plots demonstrated that cephalometric relationships between the jaws and incisor orientation can be predicted from corresponding 3D photogrammetry measurements. Conclusions: 3D photogrammetry measurements relating the jaws to each other and incisor orientation has a strong positive correlation with corresponding traditional cephalometric measurements and can serve as cephalometric predictors. Capturing the eyes using 3D photogrammetry can obviate the need to expose the cranial base and allow limiting the radiographic field to the area of interest.
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Dilian, Omer, Ron Kimmel, Roy Tezmah-Shahar, and Maayan Agmon. "Can We Quantify Aging-Associated Postural Changes Using Photogrammetry? A Systematic Review." Sensors 22, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 6640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176640.

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Background: Aging is widely known to be associated with changes in standing posture. Recent advancements in the field of computerized image processing have allowed for improved analyses of several health conditions using photographs. However, photogrammetry’s potential for assessing aging-associated postural changes is yet unclear. Thus, the aim of this review is to evaluate the potential of photogrammetry in quantifying age-related postural changes. Materials and Methods: We searched the databases PubMed Central, Scopus, Embase, and SciELO from the beginning of records to March 2021. Inclusion criteria were: (a) participants were older adults aged ≥60; (b) standing posture was assessed by photogrammetric means. PRISMA guidelines were followed. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to assess methodological quality. Results: Of 946 articles reviewed, after screening and the removal of duplicates, 11 reports were found eligible for full-text assessment, of which 5 full studies met the inclusion criteria. Significant changes occurring with aging included deepening of thoracic kyphosis, flattening of lumbar lordosis, and increased sagittal inclination. Conclusions: These changes agree with commonly described aging-related postural changes. However, detailed quantification of these changes was not found; the photogrammetrical methods used were often unvalidated and did not adhere to known protocols. These methodological difficulties call for further studies using validated photogrammetrical methods and improved research methodologies.
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Jiménez-Jiménez, Sergio Iván, Waldo Ojeda-Bustamante, Mariana Marcial-Pablo, and Juan Enciso. "Digital Terrain Models Generated with Low-Cost UAV Photogrammetry: Methodology and Accuracy." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10050285.

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Digital terrain model (DTM) generation is essential to recreating terrain morphology once the external elements are removed. Traditional survey methods are still used to collect accurate geographic data on the land surface. Given the emergence of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with low-cost digital cameras and better photogrammetric methods for digital mapping, efficient approaches are necessary to allow rapid land surveys with high accuracy. This paper provides a review, complemented with the authors’ experience, regarding the UAV photogrammetric process and field survey parameters for DTM generation using popular commercial photogrammetric software to process images obtained with fixed-wing or multicopter UAVs. We analyzed the quality and accuracy of the DTMs based on four categories: (i) the UAV system (UAV platforms and camera); (ii) flight planning and image acquisition (flight altitude, image overlap, UAV speed, orientation of the flight line, camera configuration, and georeferencing); (iii) photogrammetric DTM generation (software, image alignment, dense point cloud generation, and ground filtering); (iv) geomorphology and land use/cover. For flat terrain, UAV photogrammetry provided a horizontal root mean square error (RMSE) between 1 to 3 × the ground sample distance (GSD) and a vertical RMSE between 1 to 4.5 × GSD, and, for complex topography, a horizontal RMSE between 1 to 7 × GSD and a vertical RMSE between 1.5 to 5 × GSD. Finally, we stress that UAV photogrammetry can provide DTMs with high accuracy when the photogrammetric process variables are optimized.
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Umicevic-Davidovic, Mirjana, Marijana Arapovic-Savic, Adriana Arbutina, Tijana Adamovic, and Igor Djukic. "Photogrammetric analysis of postextraction space closure." Serbian Dental Journal 68, no. 2 (2021): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs2102059u.

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Introduction. When planning orthodontic treatment, it is sometimes necessary to apply the extraction of individual teeth, in order to achieve proper occlusion and an acceptable aesthetic appearance. Clinicians give the greatest advantage to elastic chains as a method for post-extraction space closure during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. When closing post-extraction spaces, it is necessary to measure them in order to adjust the treatment plan. One of the most acceptable methods is photogrammetry. The aim of this study was to analyze, using a photogrammetric method, the efficacy of post-extraction space closure with elastic chains during orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Material and Methods. The total sample in study consisted of 38 post-extraction spaces in 19 patients who were indicated for first premolars extraction and use of fixed orthodontic appliances in order to achieve treatment goal. Elastic chains were used to close post-extraction spaces. Post-extraction sites were monitored for 6 months with follow-up examinations every 4 weeks. Mechanisms were activated at controlled examinations, and measurements of the width of post-extraction spaces were performed by photogrammetry and digital caliper. Results. The results showed that average reduction of post-extraction space width was 1.00 mm per month by photogrammetric measurement, while the average values of measurements with a digital caliper were 1.02 mm. The average values were measured in six time intervals and a statistically significant change in average intervals of post-extraction spaces during 6 months was determined. Conclusion. The elastic chain has proven to be a very effective mechanism for closing post-extraction space, and photogrammetry as a simple and precise method for monitoring results of treatment. Since the difference in relation to measurements with a digital caliper is minimal, photogrammetry can be routinely applied in everyday practice.
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Kwiatkowski, Jacek, Wojciech Anigacz, and Damian Beben. "A Case Study on the Noncontact Inventory of the Oldest European Cast-iron Bridge Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Photogrammetric Techniques." Remote Sensing 12, no. 17 (August 25, 2020): 2745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12172745.

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Conventional measurement technologies of transportation infrastructures consist of discrete surveys which can be inconvenient in practice. Furthermore, data obtained using these methods are restricted to several points (or elements) placed on the observed structures. Modern survey techniques—for example, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and photogrammetric—allow for the surveying of quasi-continuous surfaces of examined structures. The examined object is an historic cast-iron suspension bridge in Ozimek (south of Poland). The bridge was constructed in 1825–1827 and constitutes the oldest European bridge of this type. The surveys were conducted using TLS and digital photogrammetric techniques. The data obtained were compared with traditional survey results (reference data) and the project. The achieved effects of the measurements show that the discrepancies between the applied techniques (TLS and photogrammetry) and reference methods varied only within several millimeters and can be regarded as satisfactory. Better compliance was obtained for TLS than photogrammetry. The main benefits of the applied techniques include reducing time in the field and obtaining a three-dimensional model of the structure that has satisfactory accuracy.
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Eliopoulos, Nicholas J., Yezhi Shen, Minh Luong Nguyen, Vaastav Arora, Yuxin Zhang, Guofan Shao, Keith Woeste, and Yung-Hsiang Lu. "Rapid Tree Diameter Computation with Terrestrial Stereoscopic Photogrammetry." Journal of Forestry 118, no. 4 (March 24, 2020): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvaa009.

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Abstract Forest inventorying is time-consuming and expensive. Recent research involving photogrammetry promises to reduce the cost of inventorying. Existing photogrammetry methods require substantial data-processing time, however. Our aim was to reduce data-acquisition and processing times while obtaining relatively accurate diameter estimates compared to manual and other digital measurements. We developed an algorithm to identify the ground and measure diameter at breast height (dbh) or any height along a stem from the recorded video footage of trees taken with a stereo camera. Footage acquisition time, dbh root mean square error, and mean absolute error were used as comparison metrics with other methods. The time to perform three recordings for 40 trees was about 30 minutes. We recorded data at 1 m, 3 m, and 5 m from the trunk, and our dbh root mean square errors were 1.28 cm (0.50 in.), 1.47 cm (0.58 in.), and 2.57 cm (1.01 in.), respectively, using manual measures as the control. This terrestrial stereoscopic photogrammetric method is much more efficient computationally than popular terrestrial structure-from-motion photogrammetry and substantially lowers time, costs, and complexity for data acquisition and processing compared with terrestrial laser scanning.
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Rodríguez Cielos, Ricardo, Julián Aguirre de Mata, Andrés Díez Galilea, Marina Álvarez Alonso, Pedro Rodríguez Cielos, and Francisco Navarro Valero. "Geomatic methods applied to the study of the front position changes of Johnsons and Hurd Glaciers, Livingston Island, Antarctica, between 1957 and 2013." Earth System Science Data 8, no. 2 (August 18, 2016): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-341-2016.

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Abstract. Various geomatic measurement techniques can be efficiently combined for surveying glacier fronts. Aerial photographs and satellite images can be used to determine the position of the glacier terminus. If the glacier front is easily accessible, the classic surveys using theodolite or total station, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) techniques, laser-scanner or close-range photogrammetry are possible. When the accessibility to the glacier front is difficult or impossible, close-range photogrammetry proves to be useful, inexpensive and fast. In this paper, a methodology combining photogrammetric methods and other techniques is applied to determine the calving front position of Johnsons Glacier. Images taken in 2013 with an inexpensive nonmetric digital camera are georeferenced to a global coordinate system by measuring, using GNSS techniques, support points in accessible areas close to the glacier front, from which control points in inaccessible points on the glacier surface near its calving front are determined with theodolite using the direct intersection method. The front position changes of Johnsons Glacier during the period 1957–2013, as well as those of the land-terminating fronts of Argentina, Las Palmas and Sally Rocks lobes of Hurd glacier, are determined from different geomatic techniques such as surface-based GNSS measurements, aerial photogrammetry and satellite optical imagery. This provides a set of frontal positions useful, e.g., for glacier dynamics modeling and mass balance studies.Link to the data repository: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.845379.
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Galantucci, L. M., R. Ferrandes, and G. Percoco. "Digital Photogrammetry for Facial Recognition." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 6, no. 4 (May 30, 2006): 390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2356499.

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In this paper, the authors present a biometric low-cost 3D acquisition system, based on a digital photogrammetry technique. The aim of the work is to analyze the suitability of this system for facial recognition purposes. The facial data of a set of 20 people were acquired with the photogrammetric system developed by the authors, and different CAD 3D models were reconstructed for each person. The results are quantified by aligning the models and calculating mean distances and standard deviations between them using two different methods. The former considers the entire face; the latter is based on a few fiducial points of the face.
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Karami, A., F. Menna, and F. Remondino. "INVESTIGATING 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF NON-COLLABORATIVE SURFACES THROUGH PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND PHOTOMETRIC STEREO." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2021 (June 28, 2021): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2021-519-2021.

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Abstract. 3D digital reconstruction techniques are extensively used for quality control purposes. Among them, photogrammetry and photometric stereo methods have been for a long time used with success in several application fields. However, generating highly-detailed and reliable micro-measurements of non-collaborative surfaces is still an open issue. In these cases, photogrammetry can provide accurate low-frequency 3D information, whereas it struggles to extract reliable high-frequency details. Conversely, photometric stereo can recover a very detailed surface topography, although global surface deformation is often present. In this paper, we present the preliminary results of an ongoing project aiming to combine photogrammetry and photometric stereo in a synergetic fusion of the two techniques. Particularly, hereafter, we introduce the main concept design behind an image acquisition system we developed to capture images from different positions and under different lighting conditions as required by photogrammetry and photometric stereo techniques. We show the benefit of such a combination through some experimental tests. The experiments showed that the proposed method recovers the surface topography at the same high-resolution achievable with photometric stereo while preserving the photogrammetric accuracy. Furthermore, we exploit light directionality and multiple light sources to improve the quality of dense image matching in poorly textured surfaces.
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Wojnarowski, A. E., A. B. Leonteva, S. V. Tyurin, S. G. Tikhonov, and O. V. Artemeva. "PHOTOGRAMMETRIC TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOTE HIGH-PRECISION 3D MONITORING OF CRACKS AND DEFORMATION JOINTS OF BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W2 (September 20, 2019): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w2-95-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Monitoring of cracks and deformation joints of buildings and engineering constructions can be performed effectively using contemporary methods of photogrammetry. Our study allowed us to design the technology for such a monitoring. This technology is adapted for use by building operation and building inspection specialists and does not require special knowledge in photogrammetry. The monitoring equipment includes two blocks of photogrammetric deformation marks, a digital camera and processing software. Each block of deformation marks is designed as a plate of 60 by 40&amp;thinsp;mm size where several dozens of marks are fixed (size of the plate and number of marks may vary). The relative positions of the marks on the plate are determined while block calibration with an accuracy of several microns. While monitoring is performed, two blocks of deformation marks are fixed on both sides of the crack or deformation join. Then marks are photographed. Almost any digital camera is suitable, beginning with smartphone camera and ending with specialized photogrammetric camera. Further processing of collected imagery is performed on the basis of rigorous methods of photogrammetry (specialized software were developed). The processing assumes automatic identification and measurement of marks on digital photographic images with sub-pixel accuracy. Additionally, the photogrammetric calibration and distortion correction are performed for each image. Three-dimensional spatial solution is possible both in the case of single image processing, and in the case of stereopair processing. The dynamics of crack development in three dimensions is determined by the results of several cycles of observations collected over period. Our technology allows to ensure the accuracy of the coordinates and deformations at the level of 0.005&amp;ndash;0.020&amp;thinsp;mm for the photographing distances from 0.1 to 40&amp;thinsp;m.</p>
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Pruno, E., C. Marcotulli, G. Vannini, and P. Drap. "UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAMMETRY METHODS FOR A PECULIAR CASE-STUDY: SAN DOMENICO (PRATO-ITALY)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5/W5 (April 9, 2015): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-w5-171-2015.

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San Domenico Church (Prato, Tuscan, Italy) is a very peculiar case of terrestrial archaeology surveyed with underwater archaeological photogrammetric approach. The vault of the choir was completely filled by a very important numbers of potteries, which is very interesting building technique. To document this technique a complete photogrammetric survey was realized, layer by layer, following underwater archaeology system. It is interesting to note that in underwater archaeology such a case is quite rare, in fact or the wreck is in shallow water and the digging can be made (but this case is now unrealistic because in shallow water all the wreck have been stolen – or already excavated by archaeologist &ndash; !) or we are in deep water, with well conserved wreck but the depth doesn’t allow the excavation. In the last case only a surface survey is possible. Also for these reasons this particular case- study is very interesting in order to test underwater methods on real case. This experimentation is a good opportunity to develop and check methods, algorithm and software to obtain a relevant model of the site merging 3D measure and knowledge about the artefact as typology, theoretical model, spatial relationship between them. Even if this work started in 2006, with now obsolete digital camera and with a photographic campaign which not respect always the current constraints for building a dense cloud of point in photogrammetry,it is now used as a case-study for developing a relevant approach for underwater archaeology survey.
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Gajski, D., A. Solter, and M. Gašparovic. "APPLICATIONS OF MACRO PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN ARCHAEOLOGY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 15, 2016): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-263-2016.

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Many valuable archaeological artefacts have the size of a few centimetres or less. The production of relevant documentation of such artefacts is mainly limited to subjective interpretation and manual drawing techniques using a magnifier. Most of the laser scanners available for the archaeological purposes cannot reach sufficient space resolution to gather all relevant features of the artefact, such as the shape, the relief, the texture and any damage present. Digital photogrammetric techniques make measuring with high accuracy possible and such techniques can be used to produce the relevant archaeometric documentation with a high level of detail. The approaches for shooting a good macro photograph (in the photogrammetric sense) will be explored and discussed as well as the design of a calibration test-field and the self-calibration methods suitable for macro photogrammetry. Finally, the method will be tested by producing a photorealistic 3D-model of an ancient figurine.
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Gajski, D., A. Solter, and M. Gašparovic. "APPLICATIONS OF MACRO PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN ARCHAEOLOGY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (June 15, 2016): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-263-2016.

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Many valuable archaeological artefacts have the size of a few centimetres or less. The production of relevant documentation of such artefacts is mainly limited to subjective interpretation and manual drawing techniques using a magnifier. Most of the laser scanners available for the archaeological purposes cannot reach sufficient space resolution to gather all relevant features of the artefact, such as the shape, the relief, the texture and any damage present. Digital photogrammetric techniques make measuring with high accuracy possible and such techniques can be used to produce the relevant archaeometric documentation with a high level of detail. The approaches for shooting a good macro photograph (in the photogrammetric sense) will be explored and discussed as well as the design of a calibration test-field and the self-calibration methods suitable for macro photogrammetry. Finally, the method will be tested by producing a photorealistic 3D-model of an ancient figurine.
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Derenne, B., E. Nantet, G. Verly, and M. Boone. "COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN <i>IN SITU</i> STUDIES AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY: METHODOLOGICAL FEEDBACK FROM A ROMAN SHIPWRECK IN CAESAREA, ISRAEL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W10 (April 17, 2019): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w10-77-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> As a quick and effective way to archive the different stages of an excavation - notably to prepare the post-excavation phase and to document the production methods – photogrammetry has become an indispensable tool. Indeed, it offers a valid scientific model, usable by any member of the team and at any moment, without the need to return to the excavation site. Photogrammetry can also complement other archaeological tools such as manual surveys. The interaction between the complementary approach of the interpretative drawing measurements (IDM) and the photogrammetric model measurements (PMM) enables us to apprehend the error rate of the interpretative measurements <i>in situ</i>. It appears thus that the measurements taken flat have an error rate inferior to 2% whereas the distances that are either too long or taken on a three-dimensional support have an error rate that can exceed 10%. The input of photogrammetry is therefore an added value whether it be during the excavation phase or during the post-excavation studies.</p>
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Middleton, W., Q. Shu, and F. Ludwig. "PHOTOGRAMMETRY AS A TOOL FOR LIVING ARCHITECTURE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W17 (November 29, 2019): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w17-195-2019.

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Abstract. Living Root Bridges (LRBs), grown by rural Khasi and Jaintia communities in Meghalaya (India), are the best known example of functional living architecture. Over 70 bridges, as well as ladders, pathways and platforms have been grown from a single species (Ficus elastica), using a collection of construction methods in regionally specific environmental conditions. In general, living architecture exhibits geometric complexity for which documentation and representation tools are yet to be established. Photogrammetric surveys provide data-rich point clouds which could be useful for analysis and design specific to living architecture. This study provides the first photogrammetric surveys of LRBs. Useful point clouds were produced for several bridges, as well as joint details. The method is found to have a range of benefits: providing detailed views, showing environmental conditions, and allowing for time analyses. The wider application of photogrammetry to living architecture is discussed, particularly with regards to Baubotanik structures and the improved documentation and representation of LRBs as a unique architectural typology. The need for developing a tool for topological model extraction, and possible methods therein is discussed.
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Gülch, E., and L. Obrock. "AUTOMATED SEMANTIC MODELLING OF BUILDING INTERIORS FROM IMAGES AND DERIVED POINT CLOUDS BASED ON DEEP LEARNING METHODS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (August 12, 2020): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-421-2020.

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Abstract. In this paper, we present an improved approach of enriching photogrammetric point clouds with semantic information extracted from images to enable a later automation of BIM modelling. Based on the DeepLabv3+ architecture, we use Semantic Segmentation of images to extract building components and objects of interiors. During the photogrammetric reconstruction, we project the segmented categories into the point cloud. Any interpolations that occur during this process are corrected automatically and we achieve a mIoU of 51.9 % in the classified point cloud. Based on the semantic information, we align the point cloud, correct the scale and extract further information. Our investigation confirms that utilizing photogrammetry and Deep Learning to generate a semantically enriched point cloud of interiors achieves good results. The combined extraction of geometric and semantic information yields a high potential for automated BIM model reconstruction.
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Torlegård, Kennert. "Transference of methods from analytical to digital photogrammetry." Photogrammetria 42, no. 5-6 (May 1988): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-8663(88)90002-6.

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Vosselman, George. "Applications of tree search methods in digital photogrammetry." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 50, no. 4 (August 1995): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-2716(95)98235-r.

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Badillo, Alex Elvis, Joshua A. Myers, and Ryan J. Peterson. "SfM Photogrammetric Field Methods for Historic Burial Excavations: The Case of Bethel Cemetery." Advances in Archaeological Practice 8, no. 2 (May 2020): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2020.16.

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ABSTRACTIn this article, we present a unique case study in Indianapolis, Indiana, where cultural resource management (CRM) archaeologists, alongside various university archaeologists, tested the use of SfM photogrammetry to effectively replace traditional archaeological methods of mapping and documentation during the excavation of over 500 historic burials. This project was designed with the intention of using SfM photogrammetry for 3D mapping and documentation from its inception, implementing formal procedures and protocols for data collection creating a standard workflow. To our knowledge, this is the first integrated use of SfM at this scale on an archaeological project in Indiana. By the close of fieldwork, over 300 burials had been digitally recorded, and measurable 3D models were generated. We found that the standard photogrammetry workflow implemented for single context excavation was largely successful. First, we outline the data collection process for 3D mapping of single-context excavations at Bethel Cemetery. This is followed by a description of the problems encountered during data collection and the ways the photogrammetry team adapted to variability in field environments for photocapture. Finally, we recommend the adoption of these methods by practitioners/academics as standard practice in the archaeological excavation of human remains.
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Fadhillah, F. R., M. F. Bagaskara, D. G. Augusty, F. M. H. Sihombing, and A. O. Indraswari. "Comparison of Scanline and Photogrammetry Survey for Natural Fracture Analysis, Study Case: Jatiluhur Formation and Subang Formation, Bogor." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 830, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/830/1/012048.

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Abstract This research tries to compare the result of fracture measurement using the scanline as conventional method and photogrammetry method to understand the advantages of each method. This comparison is important to understand the benefit of using the photogrammetry for fracture study compared to the conventional method. The study area is located at three fractured outcrops of Jatiluhur Formation and Subang Formation at Cipamingkis river, Bogor. Two hundred fracture data from the scanline method and 215 aerial photos were collected for the analysis. The analysis found there are three main fracture sets in the study area, namely the Northwest – Southeast (NW-SE), Northeast – Southwest (NE-SW), and East-West (E-W). When measured at the same location, no significant difference in the orientation of the fracture sets can be found between both methods. However, the two different methods give a significantly different result on the fracture density calculation (P10). This difference was caused by the lithological characteristic variation, where it influences the ability to identify fracture from a distance. Additionally, the photogrammetric method enables the better identification of shear fractures and joints pattern that associated with the fold. Therefore, this study concludes that both methods are complementing each other on the natural fracture study. The scanline method is optimal for fracture density measurement, while photogrammetry is better for identification of fracture orientation and pattern in a relatively larger area.
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Fadhillah, F. R., M. F. Bagaskara, D. G. Augusty, F. M. H. Sihombing, and A. O. Indraswari. "Comparison of Scanline and Photogrammetry Survey for Natural Fracture Analysis, Study Case: Jatiluhur Formation and Subang Formation, Bogor." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 830, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/830/1/012048.

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Abstract This research tries to compare the result of fracture measurement using the scanline as conventional method and photogrammetry method to understand the advantages of each method. This comparison is important to understand the benefit of using the photogrammetry for fracture study compared to the conventional method. The study area is located at three fractured outcrops of Jatiluhur Formation and Subang Formation at Cipamingkis river, Bogor. Two hundred fracture data from the scanline method and 215 aerial photos were collected for the analysis. The analysis found there are three main fracture sets in the study area, namely the Northwest – Southeast (NW-SE), Northeast – Southwest (NE-SW), and East-West (E-W). When measured at the same location, no significant difference in the orientation of the fracture sets can be found between both methods. However, the two different methods give a significantly different result on the fracture density calculation (P10). This difference was caused by the lithological characteristic variation, where it influences the ability to identify fracture from a distance. Additionally, the photogrammetric method enables the better identification of shear fractures and joints pattern that associated with the fold. Therefore, this study concludes that both methods are complementing each other on the natural fracture study. The scanline method is optimal for fracture density measurement, while photogrammetry is better for identification of fracture orientation and pattern in a relatively larger area.
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48

Король, Д. М., Д. Д. Кіндій, П. Д. Кіндій, О. Д. Оджубейська, and К. Д. Тончева. "ФОТОГРАММЕТРІЯ У СТОМАТОЛОГІЧНІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ (ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ)." Medical and Ecological Problems 26, no. 1-2 (April 15, 2022): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/mep.2022.26.1-2.08.

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The conducted analysis of the scientific literature has shown that the photogrammetric method of images acquisition has long been used in various fields of science and industry. Its advantages include the simplicity and affordability of technical implementation, high accuracy of the obtained data, complete contactless application and the opportunity for the digital processing of an enormous amount of information over a short period of time, acquisition of a virtual model of high accuracy. The testing of photogrammetry in medical practice has resulted in the indication of promising areas of its application and improvement. They have been specified in terms of the dental field, being directed to the acquisition of three-dimensional models of the head, jaws, alveolar processes, periodontal tissues, dentitions and individual teeth as well as to the reproduction of central occlusion, jaw articulation correlation and to three-dimensional implant and denture positioning. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have proven the competitiveness of photogrammetry as compared to 3-D scanning methods. however, some problems associated with its application remain unresolved. On the one hand, photogrammetry experts still lack some understanding of special requests of dental diagnostics, while dentists are still unaware of photogrammetry functional opportunities. Moreover, certain procedural requirements as for the angle, lighting, distance, etc. sufficiently restrict its technical capacity. In any case, most researchers point to the need for in-depth scientific studies of the actual practical photogrammetry opportunities, while further prospects for the introduction of this method are associated with the technical improvement of the equipment adapted to the peculiarities of dental practice.
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49

Luhmann, T. "Learning Photogrammetry with Interactive Software Tool PhoX." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B6 (June 17, 2016): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b6-39-2016.

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Photogrammetry is a complex topic in high-level university teaching, especially in the fields of geodesy, geoinformatics and metrology where high quality results are demanded. In addition, more and more black-box solutions for 3D image processing and point cloud generation are available that generate nice results easily, e.g. by structure-from-motion approaches. Within this context, the classical approach of teaching photogrammetry (e.g. focusing on aerial stereophotogrammetry) has to be reformed in order to educate students and professionals with new topics and provide them with more information behind the scene. Since around 20 years photogrammetry courses at the Jade University of Applied Sciences in Oldenburg, Germany, include the use of digital photogrammetry software that provide individual exercises, deep analysis of calculation results and a wide range of visualization tools for almost all standard tasks in photogrammetry. During the last years the software package PhoX has been developed that is part of a new didactic concept in photogrammetry and related subjects. It also serves as analysis tool in recent research projects. PhoX consists of a project-oriented data structure for images, image data, measured points and features and 3D objects. It allows for almost all basic photogrammetric measurement tools, image processing, calculation methods, graphical analysis functions, simulations and much more. <br><br> Students use the program in order to conduct predefined exercises where they have the opportunity to analyse results in a high level of detail. This includes the analysis of statistical quality parameters but also the meaning of transformation parameters, rotation matrices, calibration and orientation data. As one specific advantage, PhoX allows for the interactive modification of single parameters and the direct view of the resulting effect in image or object space.
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50

Luhmann, T. "Learning Photogrammetry with Interactive Software Tool PhoX." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B6 (June 17, 2016): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b6-39-2016.

Full text
Abstract:
Photogrammetry is a complex topic in high-level university teaching, especially in the fields of geodesy, geoinformatics and metrology where high quality results are demanded. In addition, more and more black-box solutions for 3D image processing and point cloud generation are available that generate nice results easily, e.g. by structure-from-motion approaches. Within this context, the classical approach of teaching photogrammetry (e.g. focusing on aerial stereophotogrammetry) has to be reformed in order to educate students and professionals with new topics and provide them with more information behind the scene. Since around 20 years photogrammetry courses at the Jade University of Applied Sciences in Oldenburg, Germany, include the use of digital photogrammetry software that provide individual exercises, deep analysis of calculation results and a wide range of visualization tools for almost all standard tasks in photogrammetry. During the last years the software package PhoX has been developed that is part of a new didactic concept in photogrammetry and related subjects. It also serves as analysis tool in recent research projects. PhoX consists of a project-oriented data structure for images, image data, measured points and features and 3D objects. It allows for almost all basic photogrammetric measurement tools, image processing, calculation methods, graphical analysis functions, simulations and much more. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; Students use the program in order to conduct predefined exercises where they have the opportunity to analyse results in a high level of detail. This includes the analysis of statistical quality parameters but also the meaning of transformation parameters, rotation matrices, calibration and orientation data. As one specific advantage, PhoX allows for the interactive modification of single parameters and the direct view of the resulting effect in image or object space.
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