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Journal articles on the topic 'Photographic filters'
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1
Dietz, Henry. "Programmable Liquid Crystal Apertures and Filters for Photographic Lenses." Electronic Imaging 2021, no. 7 (2021): 120–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.7.iss-120.
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LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays) have become the ubiquitous low-cost display technology, with full color displays offering good resolution costing less than $10. Although LCD modules generally include either a backlight or a reflective backing, the LC panel itself merely modulates light by altering polarization. Thus, it is possible to use a transmissive LC panel as a programmable optical filter, or LCLV (Liquid Crystal Light Valve). This paper explores a variety of potential uses of commodity LC panels, including color panels, to implement programmable apertures and filters for camera lenses.
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Mather, George. "Artistic Adjustment of Image Spectral Slope." Art & Perception 2, no. 1-2 (2014): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134913-00002018.
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The Fourier spectral slope of 31 artworks was compared to the spectral slope of closely matched photographic images. The artworks were found to display a relatively narrow range of spectral slopes relative to the photographs. Two accounts for this range compression were investigated. The first proposes that the band-pass nature of the visual system’s psychophysical ‘window of visibility’ is responsible. Simulation of this effect by application of an appropriate spatial filter to the original photographs could not explain the range compression, unless one assumed a consistent relation between the visual angle subtended by the scene at the artist’s eye, and the scene’s spectral slope (such that scenes with a steep slope subtended larger angles than scenes with a shallow slope). The second account involves more complex ‘artistic’ filtering which smoothes out textural details while preserving edges. Application of two such filters to the photographs was able to reproduce the spectral slope range compression evident in artworks. Both explanations posit a central role for the artist’s visual system in adjusting image spectral slope, which can be modelled using visual filters.
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Sun, Peng, Charles Chubb, Charles E. Wright, and George Sperling. "Human attention filters for single colors." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 43 (2016): E6712—E6720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614062113.
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The visual images in the eyes contain much more information than the brain can process. An important selection mechanism is feature-based attention (FBA). FBA is best described by attention filters that specify precisely the extent to which items containing attended features are selectively processed and the extent to which items that do not contain the attended features are attenuated. The centroid-judgment paradigm enables quick, precise measurements of such human perceptual attention filters, analogous to transmission measurements of photographic color filters. Subjects use a mouse to locate the centroid—the center of gravity—of a briefly displayed cloud of dots and receive precise feedback. A subset of dots is distinguished by some characteristic, such as a different color, and subjects judge the centroid of only the distinguished subset (e.g., dots of a particular color). The analysis efficiently determines the precise weight in the judged centroid of dots of every color in the display (i.e., the attention filter for the particular attended color in that context). We report 32 attention filters for single colors. Attention filters that discriminate one saturated hue from among seven other equiluminant distractor hues are extraordinarily selective, achieving attended/unattended weight ratios >20:1. Attention filters for selecting a color that differs in saturation or lightness from distractors are much less selective than attention filters for hue (given equal discriminability of the colors), and their filter selectivities are proportional to the discriminability distance of neighboring colors, whereas in the same range hue attention-filter selectivity is virtually independent of discriminabilty.
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Brokos, Ioannis, Minos Stavridakis, Panos Lagouvardos, and Ivo Krejci. "Fluorescence intensities of composite resins on photo images." Odontology 109, no. 3 (2021): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10266-020-00583-z.
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AbstractRecording fluorescence using flash photography, may help reduce time of capture and apply effectively in clinical practice. To test methods for visualizing composite resins fluorescence by direct digital photography. Sixty-four specimen discs (1.5 × 10 mm) were prepared from 8 different composite resin brands. Their CIELAB color coordinates (L*, a*, b*) and fluorescence were measured using a portable colorimeter and a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The mean of three measurements was recorded and then specimens were photographed by a DSLR camera with two different filters (365 nm and 405 nm) mounted on a commercial macro flash. RGB values of all specimens on the photographs were measured by using Photoshop software and converted to CIELab. Data were then analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparisons tests. Correlation and regression analyses were also used to relate fluorescence and color parameters on the photographs at α = 0.05. Fluorescence and color data indicated significant differences among the materials (p < 0.05). L* a* and b* color coordinates from both photographs were highly correlated to fluorescence intensities found by the reference method (r365 − 0.95, r405 − 0.94), while regression analysis indicated a strong linear relationship (R2365 − 0.88, R2405 − 0.89). The study showed that filtered flash photography either by the use of a 365 nm or a 405 nm band pass filter can directly visualize fluorescence of composite resin materials and differences in fluorescence between them.
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Birajdar, Gajanan K., and Vijay H. Mankar. "Computer Graphic and Photographic Image Classification using Local Image Descriptors." Defence Science Journal 67, no. 6 (2017): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.67.10079.
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<p class="p1">With the tremendous development of computer graphic rendering technology, photorealistic computer graphic images are difficult to differentiate from photo graphic images. In this article, a method is proposed based on discrete wavelet transform based binary statistical image features to distinguish computer graphic from photo graphic images using the support vector machine classifier. Textural descriptors extracted using binary statistical image features are different for computer graphic and photo graphic which are based on learning of natural image statistic filters. Input RGB image is first converted into grayscale and decomposed into sub-bands using Haar discrete wavelet transform and then binary statistical image features are extracted. Fuzzy entropy based feature subset selection is employed to choose relevant features. Experimental results using Columbia database show that the method achieves good detection accuracy.</p>
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Vaz, Luiz Paulo R., Gustavo H. R. A. Lima, and Bo Reipurth. "Photographic variability survey in the M42 region." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S237 (2006): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392130700275x.
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AbstractIn order to detect variable stars in the well known star forming region, the Orion Nebula Cluster, a series of 22 exposures taken from November 1996 to October 1998, using the ESO 100/152cm Schmidt telescope, covering a field of 5° × 5° was analyzed. The films (Kodak Tech-Pan 4415 emulsions, effective spectral range from ~630 nm to 690 nm) were digitized by the SuperCOSMOS machine, the measurements calibrated to the R magnitude of the USNO B1.0 catalogue and differential photometry was performed throughout the whole field. In the process, a set of 260 stars that remained constant in the 22 films and were well distributed over the field was selected and used as comparison stars for the differential photometry of all the other stars in the field. Diverse statistical studies were performed in order to characterize the type and degree of variability of the objects. The 22 films, all exposed for 30 minutes each, were stacked together at our request by the SuperCOSMOS team, producing perhaps the deepest wide field image of M42 ever taken.This database (>150 000 objects, mostly stars and ~2% galaxies) is going to be used as a starting point for the Variable Young Stellar Object Survey (VYSOS) project, which consists of 2 fully automated robotic telescopes of 41cm each, one installed on Mauna Loa (Hawaii, USA) and the other at Cerro Armazones (Chile), both using the Pan STARRS set of photometric filters. We discovered thousands of new variable stars within the 5° × 5° region studied. We have variability statistics for all objects and are classifying the variable stars according to the variability type and amplitude. We intend to make this database available via the WEB.
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BUI, E. N., and A. R. MERMUT. "QUANTIFICATION OF SOIL CALCIUM CARBONATES BY STAINING AND IMAGE ANALYSIS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, no. 3 (1989): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-066.
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Quantification of calcium carbonates in a light-colored matrix or disseminated calcium carbonates cannot be obtained directly from impregnated blocks by image analysis. A method that combined staining by alizarin red-S with digital image analysis made it possible to identify and quantify soil calcium carbonates including the disseminated form in thin sections. Best results were obtained under reflected light using a tungsten lamp source. Photographic filters did not improve the image quality of stained calcium carbonates. Key words: Image analysis, soil micromorphometry
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Shchelkanova, A. Yu. "Investigations of DDDM 1; The Fourth Halo Planetary Nebula." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 131 (1989): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900138264.
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Spectral (λλ 4100 - 7300 A) and photoelectric observations of DDDM 1 (61 + 41°1; δ1950 = +38°48′) were made in 1985–86 on Crimean Station of Sternberg State Institute. Photographic absolute H3 flux is found to be F(Hβ) = (3.0±0.57) 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1, angular radius φ = 1″.0±0″.5. Interstellar reddening E(B-V) for the object is found to be less than 0″.02. Integrated flux from central star and gaseous nebula was measured in UBV-filters V = 14m.71, B-V = 0m.12, U-B = −0m.9.
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Kendall, D. J. W., E. J. Llewellyn, M. R. Gale, S. B. Mende, G. R. Swenson, and R. L. Gattinger. "High-resolution spectroscopic measurements from the space shuttle: Orbiter glow and atmospheric emissions." Canadian Journal of Physics 69, no. 8-9 (1991): 1209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p91-181.
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The orbiter glow (OGLOW) experiment, flown in 1984 on shuttle mission STS-41G, included observations of spacecraft glow and atmospheric emissions. The instrument consisted of a simple hand-held photographic imager combined with a series of high-resolution interference filters, Fabry–Perot interferometers, and a grating spectrometer. In the case of spacecraft glow, the results are summarized and compared with recent laboratory measurements. For the atmospheric emissions, a detailed analysis of the oxygen atmospheric band is presented to show how the data can be used to infer atomic-oxygen height profiles.
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Ning, Keqing, Zhihao Zhang, Kai Han, Siyu Han, and Xiqing Zhang. "Single-Core Multiscale Residual Network for the Super Resolution of Liquid Metal Specimen Images." Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 3, no. 2 (2021): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/make3020023.
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In a gravity-free or microgravity environment, liquid metals without crystalline nuclei achieve a deep undercooling state. The resulting melts exhibit unique properties, and the research of this phenomenon is critical for exploring new metastable materials. Owing to the rapid crystallization rates of deeply undercooled liquid metal droplets, as well as cost concerns, experimental systems meant for the study of liquid metal specimens usually use low-resolution, high-framerate, high-speed cameras, which result in low-resolution photographs. To facilitate subsequent studies by material scientists, it is necessary to use super-resolution techniques to increase the resolution of these photographs. However, existing super-resolution algorithms cannot quickly and accurately restore the details contained in images of deeply undercooled liquid metal specimens. To address this problem, we propose the single-core multiscale residual network (SCMSRN) algorithm for photographic images of liquid metal specimens. In this model, multiple cascaded filters are used to obtain feature information, and the multiscale features are then fused by a residual network. Compared to existing state-of-the-art artificial neural network super-resolution algorithms, such as SRCNN, VDSR and MSRN, our model was able to achieve higher PSNR and SSIM scores and reduce network size and training time.
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Upgren, A. R., C. Abad, and J. Stock. "Stellar Positions from CCD Images." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 167 (1995): 349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900056746.
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The CIDA visual refractor of 65-cm aperture and focal length 10.5 m, has been used extensively for position determinations on photographic plates. The combination of Kodak D plates and a yellow filter permit an almost perfect adaptation to the focal curve of the telescope. It appeared of interest to test whether the telescope could be used for astrometric purposes with a CCD detector. As is well known, the spectral sensitivity of these detectors extends well into the infrared where the images formed by the telescope optics will be far out of focus. The blue spectral region where this would also be the case can easily be cut off by a yellow filter. There are no filters which would produce a similarly sharp cut-off towards the red region. On the other hand, given the small field covered by a CCD, the displacement of the red out-of-focus image with respect to the center of the visual image might be negligible. Recently obtained accurate positions in the area of the Perseus Double Cluster made this field suitable for the test of this possibility.
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Dukic, Zlatko. "Photography in clinical dental practice." Serbian Dental Journal 54, no. 2 (2007): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0702097d.
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The emersion of photography represents a milestone in the development of human society making life richer and more comprehensive. Dental photography, a part of clinical medical photography, has primarily the role as a document, but also a tool in education of students and continuing professional education of dentists. The aim of this paper is to present possible applications of classical and digital photography in dentistry on today?s level of technological development. Dental photography requires certain additional equipment (special lights, polarization filters, retractors, small neutral background plates?) for quality images of intraoral structures. An important feature of dental photography is documentation i.e the possibility to record maximum information in repeatable conditions. Standardization of conditions during intraoral photographing, adequate storage and archiving of dental photographs are also important preconditions for quality and useful photography. .
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Vías Trujillo, Natalia. "Canarias en las primeras películas en color. Las islas en el catálogo de la compañía Kinemacolor." Latente Revista de Historia y Estética audiovisual, no. 19 (2021): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.latente.2021.19.02.
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The British Kinemacolor was the first direct color capture filming system to achieve commercial success. Through this mechanical-photographic process, successive black and white frames were impressed through two color filters (red and green), and later, projected through the same coloured lights to produce color images taking advantage of the additive nature of light colours. The first Kinemacolor catalogue, published in 1913, included fiction and documentary films. Among this pictures we find several travel films shot around the world. Spain was one of the countries visited by the Kinemacolor camera operators who, among other destinations, traveled to the islands of Tenerife and Gran Canaria, where they filmed which are possibly the first pictures shot in color in the Islands.
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Bartašiūtė, Stanislava, Robert Janusz, Richard P. Boyle, A. G. Davis Philip, and Viktoras Deveikis. "Multicolor CCD photometry of the open cluster NGC 752." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S266 (2009): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921309991293.
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AbstractWe obtained CCD observations of the open cluster NGC 752 with the 1.8m Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope (Mt. Graham, Arizona) with a 4K CCD camera and eight intermediate-band filters of the Stromvil (Strömgren + Vilnius) system. Four 12′ × 12′ fields were observed, covering the central part of the cluster. The good-quality multicolor data made it possible to obtain precise estimates of distance moduli, metallicity and foreground reddening for individual stars down to the limiting magnitude, V = 17.5, enabling photometric identification of faint cluster members. The new observations provide an extension of the lower main sequence to three magnitudes beyond the previous (photographic) limit. A relatively small number of photometric members identified at fainter magnitudes seems to be indicative of actual dissolution of the cluster from the low-mass end.
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Ganf, GG, and RJ Shiel. "Particle capture by Daphnia carinata." Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 3 (1985): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9850371.
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The morphology of limbs I, II and III of D. carinata was examined to ascertain whether they could act as filters for food particles. The dimensions of limb III setules (0.29 �m), the intersetular distances (0.23 �m), the associated Reynolds number (=10-3) and boundary layers (5-9�m) suggest that the filtering function attributed to the limb is unlikely. Photographic data and the distribution of Ankistrodesmus falcatus on the feeding limbs show that limb II is the limb most closely associated with particle capture. The structural complexity of limb II suggests a functional diversity that includes particle capture and the redirection of feeding currents produced by limbs III and IV. Analysis of feeding rates and the size selection of algal particles shows that capture is not a simple mechanical process.
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Gordon, S. R. "Use of selected excitation filters for enhancement of diaminobenzidine photomicroscopy." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 36, no. 6 (1988): 701–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/36.6.3367053.
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Enhancement of the diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction product for light photomicroscopy was investigated using commercially available glass interference filters FITC-495, BG38, and BG12. The oxidized DAB transmission curve between 400-700 nm revealed a broad peak extending mostly through the yellow to red portions of the visible light spectrum, indicating that no single color predominates. Absorption spectra from the interference filters showed that FITC-495 gave total absorbance from 495-650 nm, with a smaller peak at 675 nm; BG38 transmitted at least a percentage of every wavelength up to 700 nm, whereas BG12 absorbed all light above 490 nm. To determine whether these filters could photographically increase DAB reaction product contrast, photographs were taken of corneal endothelial cells 24 hr after freeze injury. At this time, these cells demonstrate increased levels of laminin, as revealed by immunoperoxidase cytochemistry. When photography was performed using either no filter or a standard green filter, DAB contrast relative to background was minimal. However, when photographs were made using either the FITC-495 or the BG12 filter, DAB contrast increased sharply, although background density increased in the former case and decreased greatly in the latter. BG38 by itself did not increase DAB contrast. However, when used in combination with FITC-495 good DAB contrast was achieved and background density was lower than that seen using FITC-495 alone. Therefore, selective interference filters can photographically increase DAB contrast for studies using immunoperoxidase cytochemistry.
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Routh, Patricia. "A poststructuralist review of selfies: Moving beyond heteronormative visual rhetoric." for(e)dialogue 1, no. 1 (2016): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/for(e)dialogue.v1i1.528.
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Mobile devices can instantly create and distribute a digital self-portrait, or ‘selfie’ across a myriad of social networks. The word ‘selfie’ summarises a particular kind of cultural and photographic practice that is motivated by a combination of the agency and aspirational biases of the selfie producer and where they prefer to share on social networks. With a specific focus on gendered selfie production, this paper aims to explore the relevant theories for gender identity within online communities in which selfies are shared. From a theoretical starting point, firstly this paper employs the poststructuralist theories (Deleuze and Guattari, 1980) as interpretative filters for a decisive understanding of the inner “rhizome” of an individual’s ideal of “becoming”. This paper argues that the embodied human subject is transformed by self-exploration with the production and distribution of their selfies.
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Millar, Pat. "Frederick A. Cook: the role of photography in the making of his polar explorer-hero image." Polar Record 51, no. 4 (2014): 432–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247414000424.
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ABSTRACTThis paper aims to show how the photography of Frederick A. Cook (1865–1940) played an important role in the making of his polar explorer-hero image. It considers portraits and Arctic and Antarctic photographs that Cook used in his own publications and illustrated lectures, and which he provided for press articles. The paper is underpinned by discourse analysis and the concept of the photograph as a representation of reality filtered through various lenses. The visual impact and discursive messages of the photographs were aimed at situating readers and audiences in responsive attitudes that would generate a public persona which he exploited to increase his fame and heroic reputation. In time, Cook's photography also played a critical part in the collapse of the hero image.
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Hayes, Tony, M. Concetta Morrone, and David C. Burr. "Recognition of Positive and Negative Bandpass-Filtered Images." Perception 15, no. 5 (1986): 595–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p150595.
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A study is reported in which the significance for vision of low- and high-spatial-frequency components of photographic positive and negative images was investigated by measuring recognition of bandpass-filtered photographs of faces. The results show that a 1.5 octave bandpass-filtered image contains sufficient visual information for good recognition performance, provided the filter is centred close to 20 cycles facewidth−1. At low spatial frequencies negatives are more difficult to recognize than positives, but at high spatial frequencies there is no difference in recognition, implying that it is the low-frequency components of negatives which present difficulties for the visual system.
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Gunawan, Agnes Paulina. "Peranan Warna dalam Karya Fotografi." Humaniora 3, no. 2 (2012): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v3i2.3397.
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In the photographic development, the existence of color as part of the supporting aspect in the art of photography, is definitely influencing the final work of a photographer - whether it is a theory of color as lighting, or color as part of a pigment or chemical compound as part of physique from an object. Choosing a photo object based on colors can also create a meaning or theme in a composition of picture. This is the same when photo shoot is done with lighting that contends specific character or qualities of colors. For example, the use of color gel on the lights can create a condition that will be different when pictures are taken with white lights. Colors in photography can also give an expression or show an emotion visually that the photographer is trying to convey. With that said, a photographer who understands color concept can fix or anticipate any unwanted condition using a filter, for example, when lighting is contaminated with colors which changes the effect from the original color of an object. Therefore, with a thorough knowledge about colors, one can maximize the work just by making use of the available color aspect as part of the art work.
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Ntziachristos, Vasilis. "Clinical translation of optical and optoacoustic imaging." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1955 (2011): 4666–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0270.
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Macroscopic optical imaging has rather humble technical origins; it has been mostly implemented by photographic means using appropriate filters, a light source and a camera yielding images of tissues. This approach relates to human vision and perception, and is simple to implement and use. Therefore, it has found wide acceptance, especially in recording fluorescence and bioluminescence signals. Yet, the difficulty in resolving depth and the dependence of the light intensity recorded on tissue optical properties may compromise the accuracy of the approach. Recently, optical technology has seen significant advances that bring a new performance level in optical investigations. Quantitative real-time multi-spectral optical and optoacoustic (photoacoustic) methods enable high-resolution quantitative imaging of tissue and disease biomarkers and can significantly enhance medical vision in diagnostic or interventional procedures such as dermatology, endoscopy, surgery, and various vascular and intravascular imaging applications. This performance is showcased herein and examples are given to illustrate how it is possible to shift the paradigm of optical clinical translation.
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Prakash, Om, and Ashish Khare. "Medical Image Denoising Based on Soft Thresholding Using Biorthogonal Multiscale Wavelet Transform." International Journal of Image and Graphics 14, no. 01n02 (2014): 1450002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467814500028.
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Recorded medical images often represent a degraded version of the original scene due to imperfections in electronic or photographic medium used. The degradations may have many causes, but two dominant degradations are noise and blur. Restoration of blurred and noisy medical images is of fundamental importance in several medical imaging applications. Most of the medical image denoising techniques need removal of blur before the denoising. Denoising of medical images in presence of blur is a hard problem. Most of the wavelet transform-based denoising techniques use the orthonormal wavelets and suitable for image corrupted with only additive white Gaussian noise. In the present work, we have proposed a denoising algorithm for medical images based on the lifting-scheme and linear phase characteristic of biorthogonal wavelet transform. A level-dependent soft thresholding function has been used which is based on the standard deviation, the absolute mean and the absolute median of the wavelet coefficients. The linear phase characteristic of the biorthogonal filters used in denoising reduces the distortions at edge points of image. Also, the lifting schemes of the biorthogonal wavelet filters make the algorithm efficient and applicable in real time. Experimental results show that the proposed denoising method outperform standard wavelet, complex wavelet and curvelet-based denoising techniques in terms of the SNR and PSNR (in dB) and it offers effective noise removal from noisy medical images while maintaining sharpness of objects in the image.
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Vásconez, Norma Lara, and Hernán Chamorro Sevilla. "Uso De Los Sensores Remotos En Mediciones Forestales." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 15 (2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n15p58.
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To understand the use of remote sensors in forestry measurements, some of the most relevant definitions have been taken from a wide variety that currently exist, therefore, we will say that these generally play a predominant role in the Dasometry and that all The forest resource requires qualitative and quantitative information regarding the state of the forest and its evolution over time, with sampling that follows one of the existing methods. Historically, modern discipline arises with the invention of flight and the first photographs are obtained from a balloon in the years 1858 and 1859, in 1909 and on board the airplane the first photographic observation is acquired. The first aerial camera was developed in 1915 by J.T.C. Moore, starting the interesting way forward in the techniques of aerial photography using modified combat aircraft giving way to what was called systematic aerial photography in the late 50s. The development on a global scale of the first artificial satellites, allowed remote sensing in the middle of the 20th century on board the first satellite placed in orbit is that of the TYROS series in 1960 by NASA, becoming the pioneer in missions of meteorological observation, which also led to the appearance of satellite image processing, using mathematical procedures such as the Fourier transform. During the 70s missions were promoted with the objective of exploring the solar system and the moon; giving rise to the first spatial photographs taken by Alan B. Shepard rudimentary, Subsequently, Apollo-9 was used for the first multi-spectral experiment in which 4 Hasselblad cameras with different filters were installed. On July 23, 1972, the Landsat project appeared with the launch of the first satellite of the ERTS series (Earth Resources Technology Satellite). Google Earth in the 21st century, introduces online web services making remote sensing accessible to all audiences, with many techniques and processes that allow an image of the earth's surface to be obtained remotely captured by remote sensors located on satellites or airplanes that gather the spectral and spatial relations of objects. Interferometric radar synthetic aperture They are used to producing accurate digital models of large areas of land. LiDAR(An acronym for the English Light Detection and Ranging) is a monochrome active sensor, its mode of operation consists of measuring the distance between the sensor and the target. It is less expensive compared to manual inventory is multi-purpose, allows a complete survey of the study area, is more efficient than photogrammetry. The multi-spectral acquisition is based on the collection and analysis of areas or objects that emit or reflect radiation at a higher level than nearby objects. The quality of the information collected remotely, once the correction of errors through georeferencing with the help of specialized programs, will depend on their resolutions: spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal.
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Ayre, Evelyn, and George Bevan. "Calibrated UV reflectance photography of Hebomoia glaucippe sulphurea." Collection Forum 30, no. 1-2 (2016): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14351/0831-4985-30.1.34.
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Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) reflective and absorbent markings on wings of male Hebomoia glaucippe sulphurea butterflies are important visual markers used in mating to differentiate them from other species. The objective of our study was to determine whether these markings deteriorate in museum collections over time. We first characterized quantitatively the UV reflective and UV absorbent wing markings from fresh and naturally aged male H. glaucippe sulphurea using UV reflectance microphotography, which was calibrated with handmade reflectance standards. The results of calibrated UV reflectance photography were then compared qualitatively with the same markings using visible light photography, transmitted and reflected visible light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A UV-converted Nikon D200 with a Baader Ultraviolet Venus lens filter was used to record UV reflective and UV absorbent wing markings of the specimens. The handmade reflectance standards were prepared using magnesium oxide, plaster, and carbon, photographed alongside the specimens, and used to calibrate the photographs. The easily and affordably produced handmade reflectance standards were effective in calibrating the UV reflectance digital photographs, which allowed for each pixel of the digital photographs to be used for optical densitometry measurements. Quantitative data from calibrated UV reflectance photography demonstrated little evidence of deterioration in the UV reflective markings, although there was clear deterioration in the UV absorbent markings. This quantitative data, along with the calibrated UV photographs themselves, offered complementary documentation to visible light microscopy and SEM images. Results show that both visible-spectrum and UV markings fade in naturally aging museum specimens. We conclude that by using calibrated UV reflectance photography, a relatively inexpensive technique, a baseline and eventual degradation of Lepidoptera wing markings may be quantified and may provide valuable data to clarify the mechanisms behind this degradation. With the rate of change quantified, and the mechanisms of fading understood, it is hoped that preventative measures can be taken in the future to remedy this loss of valuable data in collections.
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Little, Blake. "Fluid." Public 31, no. 62 (2020): 109–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/public_00041_1.
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Stories of expressions of trans, gender fluid, non-binary, Two Spirit, and other diverse gender identities circulate widely, adding to a complex and oft-times challenging web of shifting societal responses to gender. My photographic eye is guided by an aesthetic of simplicity, distillation & clarity. I want to apply this eye to make visible the many ways we read photographs and their subject matter (imagined and real) but particularly via a collaborative process as filtered through the voices of the people who posed for these photographs. Transgender identification, representation and image dissemination increasingly occupy the collective imagination and are reinforced by media headlines. Even as more and more trans, gender fluid, non-binary, and Two Spirit people are coming out in the public eye, the act of realizing/representing/revealing/ exposing/ exhibiting oneself through photography is a brave act, a form of defiance for a new wave of gender fluid pioneers reclaiming a broader live presence and virtual presence via social media. In the process, difference is being normalized.
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Nagy, E. C., and M. L. Landreville. "Aerial camera filters and their use with aerochrome infrared." CISM journal 43, no. 4 (1989): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/geomat-1989-0036.
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Differences in the color rendition of Kodak Aerochrome Infrared photography have been noticed between the photography from Wild and Zeiss aerial cameras during the years in which efforts have been made to control the infrared color balance on contract photography. The cause of these differences has been narrowed down to the different spectral transmissions of the standard yellow filters supplied with these cameras. The filtration recommended by the film manufacturer is most closely matched by the Wild filter. This report recommends an alternative filter combination for the Zeiss camera which will result in a more “normal” color infrared color response for photography from this camera.
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Arbel, Yoav, and Baruch Rosen. "Concepts and Facts of Late Ottoman Jaffa: Cartographic Records and Archaeological Evidence." Proceedings of the ICA 3 (August 6, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-3-2-2021.
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Abstract. The ancient city of Jaffa experienced considerable changes during the 19th century. The effects of warfare, extensive reconstruction and urban expansion turned the Jaffa of 1900 into a markedly different place than the town Napoleon besieged in 1799. Although textual, artistic and photographic records reflect these long-term changes, it is maps drawn by military and civilian European engineers that provide the most comprehensive illustrative testimony.Recent archaeological efforts have, moreover, added yet another perspective to this mosaic of sources. Among the material evidence providing valuable insight into Jaffa's 4000 years of history, data on the later phases of Ottoman rule is particularly intriguing. We now have previously unavailable material confirmation and more detailed records in a higher resolution for urban expansion over farmland and cemeteries, road paving, public construction and the dismantling of fortifications.The joint cartographic and archaeological testimonies offer a more realistic outlook on a period, which, until recently, had been subjectively perceived through military and religious filters, or the critical and often derogatory perspectives of explorers, adventurers and tourists. The challenges the Ottoman authorities faced were numerous and complex; cartographic and archaeological evidence has increased our understanding of the means, investment and planning they employed to maintain control over a thriving and heterogeneous harbor town during a period of profound transformation.
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Groth, Helen. "TECHNOLOGICAL MEDIATIONS AND THE PUBLIC SPHERE: ROGER FENTON’S CRIMEA EXHIBITION AND “THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE”." Victorian Literature and Culture 30, no. 2 (2002): 553–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150302302092h.
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AT THE GALLERY OF THE SOCIETY OF PAINTERS in Water Colours in Pall Mall East in the autumn of 1855, Roger Fenton exhibited three hundred and twelve photographs taken in the Crimea. Undertaken with the patronage of Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, and the Duke of Newcastle, the then Secretary of State for War, Fenton’s photographic record was intended to inform the Victorian public of the “true” condition of the soldiers in what was fast becoming an unpopular war. In the catalogue, one photograph bore the title “The Valley of the Shadow of Death,” a title with both biblical and literary resonances for exhibition audiences in late 1855.1 Tennyson’s “The Charge of the Light Brigade” had been published in the Examiner on 9 December 1854, causing a sensation both at home and in the Crimea.2 Organized around variations on the refrain “Into the valley of Death / Rode the six hundred,” the poem assumed anthem-like status during the period when Fenton was in the Crimea. Filtered through the lens of Tennyson’s poem, Fenton’s photograph appears to record the traces of a charge or a battle scene that has just taken place.
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Piper, Jörg. "RGB-Splitting and Multi-Shot Techniques in Digital Photomicrography—Utilization of Astronomic RGB-Filters in True Color Imaging." Microscopy Today 17, no. 1 (2009): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500055036.
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A great many filters in common use in astronomy are used in order to improve the resulting optical quality in observations and photographs [1-4]. The majority of these filters are also capable of improving image quality in microscopy and photomicrography. Several instances of this have already been reported in this magazine [5-6]. Some new types of RGB-CCD astro filters have recently been developed for multi-shot techniques [2]. These filters can also be regarded as interesting tools for photomicrography that can maximize the quality of true color imaging based on RGB-splitting and multi-shot techniques. The respective methods and their technical benefit are presented and discussed below.RGB-splitting and multi-shot techniques are routine tools in some fields of professional studio photography and astronomical photography. They can lead to visible improvements in sharpness, resolution and color balance. To obtain maximum image quality, special multi-shot cameras can be used. These are fitted with a multi-shot sensor that does not require any color filters. Therefore, each pixel is sensitive for all colors and pixel interpolations are not necessary.
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SAPOVAL, B., and M. ROSSO. "GRADIENT PERCOLATION AND FRACTAL FRONTIERS IN IMAGE PROCESSING." Fractals 03, no. 01 (1995): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x95000047.
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In contrast to standard percolation where criticality is reached only for a particular value pc of the driving parameter p, gradient percolation exists without the precise tuning of a percolation parameter. For this reason it may be a common physical situation. Very generally, gradient percolation will appear in a uniform system whenever there exists a local random response to an excitation which varies in space. We show that such a situation exists in the example of photographic imaging, due to the random aspect of the photographic process. In this case gradient percolation may be used as a filter for recovering fuzzy images. This filter has the advantage of self-adjusting and to be neutral in regard to the size of the objects. In particular it could be used to increase artificially the depth of focus on photographs that are partially fuzzy.
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Rosado, M., and M. Moreno. "Deep Narrow Band Interference Filter Photographs of Selected Extended Planetary Nebulae." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 131 (1989): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900137799.
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Narrow-band interference filter photographs in the light of Hα, [S II] (λ = 6717 and 6731 A). [N II] (λ = 6584 A) and [O III] (λ = 4363 A) of four extended PNs are shown. These photographs were obtained with a focal reducer and a single-stage image tube attached to the 2.1 m Cassegrain focus telescope of the Observatorio Astronómico Nacional at San Pedro Mártir, B.C.N. The exposure times were of one hour. For each photograph we have obtained a calibration by means of a step density wedge.
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Dalle Mese, G., O. López-Cruz, W. J. Schuster, C. Chavarría-K та H. J. Ibarra-Medel. "The average physical properties of A-G stars derived from uvby-H β Strömgren–Crawford photometry as the basis for a spectral-classification synthetical approach". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, № 2 (2020): 2995–3013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa816.
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ABSTRACT We have revisited and updated the uvby Strömgren colour and colour–index distributions of A-, F-, and early G-type main-sequence stars. For this aim, we selected 7054 dwarf stars along with 65 Morgan–Keeman (MK) standard stars within the same spectral range but covering all luminosity classes. The standard stars were selected following the MK mandate strictly, using spectra taken at classification resolution recorded on photographic plates. We used the colours of these stars to determine the effective temperature and surface gravity. After correcting for systematic offsets using fundamental parameters and considering a few exceptions, we find a one-to-one correspondence, among MK spectral types, Strömgren photometry, and their associated physical properties. We have applied a principal component analysis to the mean Strömgren indices for dwarf stars complemented by MK standards for higher luminosity classes. We have used the projections to introduce three new photometric metaindices, namely SM1, SM2, and SM3. We have defined a 3D-box, which allowed us to segregate dwarf stars from bright giants and supergiant stars, with the aid of the metaindices. Two of the planes show that the projections of dwarfs and supergiants are ordered by temperature; however, the temperature dependence for the supergiants is not as well defined as for the dwarfs. Following the MK Process, we were able to form an automatic classifier. We present some applications and assigned synthetical spectral types. We suggest that our metaindices formalism allows the extension of Strömgren photometric outside its original mandate (i.e. later types), without requiring the introduction of additional photometric filters.
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Li, Peilin, Sang-Heon Lee, and Hung-Yao Hsu. "Fusion on Citrus Image Data from Cold Mirror Acquisition System." International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing 2, no. 4 (2012): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcvip.2012100102.
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In this paper, an image fusion is presented to improve the citrus identification by filtering the incoming data from two cameras. The citrus image data has been photographed by using a portable bi-camera cold mirror acquisition system. The prototype of the customized fixture has been manufactured to position and align a classical cold mirror with two CCD cameras in relative kinematic position. The algorithmic registration on the pairwise images has been bypassed by both the spatial alignment of two cameras with recourse of software calibration and the triggering synchronization in temporal during the photographing. The pairwise frames have been fused by using the Daubechies wavelets decomposition filters. The pixel level fusion index rule is proposed to combine the low pass coefficients of the visible image and the low pass coefficients of the near-infrared image convoluted by the complementary of entropy filter from the visible low pass coefficients. In the study, the fused artifact color image and the non-fused color image have been processed and compared by some classification methods such as low dimensional projection, self-organizing map and the support vector machine.
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Cristel, Robert T., Steven H. Dayan, Moriyike Akinosun, and Parker T. Russell. "Evaluation of Selfies and Filtered Selfies and Effects on First Impressions." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 41, no. 1 (2020): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjz362.
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Abstract Background Selfies and filtered selfies are becoming more prevalent throughout society and in the facial plastic surgery clinic. The term “Snapchat dysmorphia” has been used to describe patients seeking procedures to look like their selfie or filtered selfie. This is particularly frequent in the Millennial population, aged 22 to 37 years. Objectives The authors sought to determine the effects on first impression from different photograph types: selfies, filtered selfies, a rear-facing smartphone camera, and a digital camera (DC). We hypothesize that the DC photographs will have the highest rated first impressions among evaluators despite the popularity of selfies and filtered selfies. Methods This study included 240 evaluators and 4 patients each completing the 4 different photograph types. The evaluators completed a survey rating first impression on various measures of success for each photograph type. Results A total of 960 first impressions were recorded for each of the 8 subscales, yielding 7680 individual assessments of first impression. The DC photograph was found to have the highest first impression scores among the 4 photograph types. There was no statistical difference between selfies and filtered selfies. The rear-facing smartphone camera received the lowest first impression scores. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the standard DC photograph taken during a preoperative consultation has higher first impressions than selfies or filtered selfies. Although “Snapchat dysmorphia” may continue to be a growing trend in the near future, our findings provide important information to discuss with patients in the preoperative visit to set realistic expectations.
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McMahon, M. J. "Chrysanthemum Cultivars Differ in Response to Photoperiod when Grown under Far-red Absorbing Filters." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 437A—437. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.437a.
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Two chrysanthemum [Dendranthema × grandiflorum (Ramat) Kitamura] cultivars, Bright Golden Anne and Spears, were grown in unfiltered sunlight (control) or under filters that removed far-red (FR) light under long- or short-day photoperiods for a total of four treatments. Eight plants from each cultivar were exposed to each treatment. Tips of lateral branches were harvested every 3 days and preserved in formalin, acetic acid, 70% ethyl alcohol (5:5:90 by volume), then observed and photographed under a dissecting microscope. In `Spears', all short-day treatments developed floral primoridia at the same time and rate and the development was normal. Under long days and under FR-absorbing filters, floral primordia initiated and developed normally, but was delayed several days compared to short days. Plants under long days and control filters also developed normal primoridia, but at a slower rate than any of the other treatments. In `Bright Golden Anne', only short-day treatments developed normal floral primordia. Development was the same regardless of filter. Under long days, plants under FR-absorbing filters eventually initiated floral primordia, but development was abnormal. No floral primordia developed under long-day and control filter conditions. In all cases, `Spears' primoridia development was much more rapid than `Bright Golden Anne'.
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Simmons, D. A. R., and K. Henriksen. "Polar cap and other auroral events observed from Spitsbergen." Polar Record 24, no. 149 (1988): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400008706.
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AbstractA comprehensive visual and photographic record of a wide variety of auroral events was made from Spitsbergen during a prolonged period of clear weather that coincided with a remarkable resurgence in solar activity close to sunspot minimum. Using colour and interference-filter photography, the nature of the different auroral types was established and tentatively correlated with major flare events on the sun. At least three outstanding auroral substorms and three diffuse polar cap glows were generated by four large solar flares in the first half of February 1986. Many discrete polar cap aurorae were also observed in the same period.
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Wanczyk, David. "FRAMING GERTRUDE: PHOTOGRAPHIC NARRATION AND THE SUBJECTIVITY OF THE ARTIST-OBSERVER IN LEVY’STHE ROMANCE OF A SHOP." Victorian Literature and Culture 43, no. 1 (2015): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000382.
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In Amy Levy's 1888 novel,The Romance of a Shop, four orphaned sisters, the Lorimers, open a photography studio in London and struggle to find business and a balance between free expression and propriety. Certainly, the sisters’ commercial involvement with photography can be read as artistic and unconventional for women of the time, but their position as artist-observers sometimes seems to relegate them to a space behind the lens and behind the window that divides their apartment from the society they look out upon. It is from that position as photographer-observer that Gertrude, the most introspective and yet most socially conscious of the sisters, wields her perceptive powers, her piercing gaze. Photography, and the way in which it influences her mode of observing, gives Gertrude an accurate, superior vision and a kind of social agency; but that gaze is negatively mediated by photography, too, filtered by the machine.
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Motogaito, Atsushi, Ryoga Tanaka, and Kazumasa Hiramatsu. "Fabrication and characterization of plasmonic band-stop filter using Ag grating." EPJ Web of Conferences 238 (2020): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023805006.
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This study proposes a plasmonic band-stop filter with surface plasmon resonance in a doublelayer wire grid structure targeting short-wavelength visible and near-ultraviolet regions for applications in ultraviolet photography. Using Ag and Al, the rigorous coupling wave of analysis method revealed that the maximum absorption was approximately 90% at 450 nm and 375 nm. The experiments using Ag produced similar results in a simulation. These results demonstrate that plasmonic band-stop filters in the visible and near-UV region can be realized at 450 nm and 375 nm using Ag or Al.
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Ludlow, Amanda K., Elaine Taylor-Whiffen, and Arnold J. Wilkins. "Coloured Filters Enhance the Visual Perception of Social Cues in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." ISRN Neurology 2012 (March 4, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/298098.
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Coloured filters have been found to reduce visual distortion of text in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We investigated the effect of the overlays on the “mind in the eye” task in children with ASD and controls matched for age, gender, and nonverbal IQ. Children were shown photographs of the periocular region of various faces and were asked to judge which emotion was being expressed in the eyes. In children with ASD, the perception of the emotion was significantly improved when the photograph was covered by a coloured overlay. The improvement was significantly greater than in the controls, who showed no significant effect of the overlay. A perceptual impairment may contribute to the social difficulties shown in ASD.
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Fernanda, Decky Danuarta, Ni Nyoman Rupiasih, Nyoman Wendri, and Ni Wayan Eri Sandriani. "Chitosan as A Silver (Ag) Adsorbent on Hospital Photography Fixer Waste." BULETIN FISIKA 20, no. 1 (2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bf.2019.v20.i01.p02.
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Abstrak – A research on the use of chitosan as an adsorbent of silver (Ag) on the photography fixer waste from hospital has been carried out. Chitosan used was in the form of powder and membrane. Chitosan powder used was 0.5 g, 1 g, 2 g and 5 g, and the membrane used was a 2% chitosan membrane of 5 g. The adsorbent materials added to 50 mL of fixer waste and soaked for 24 hours. The Whatmann filter paper was also used by filtering method. The results showed that the 2% chitosan membrane of 5 g gave the highest silver adsorption percentage of 95.99%. The percentage of adsorption by chitosan powder of 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 g were 4.41%, 6.43%, 7.82% and 36.42% respectively. While the percentage of silver adsorption by Whatman filter paper was 0.05%. The used of chitosan in the form of membrane is the most effective adsorbent of silver on photographic fixer wastes.
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Suneetha, Akula, and E. Srinivasa Reddy. "Robust Gaussian Noise Detection and Removal in Color Images using Modified Fuzzy Set Filter." Journal of Intelligent Systems 30, no. 1 (2020): 240–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2019-0211.
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Abstract In the data collection phase, the digital images are captured using sensors that often contaminated by noise (undesired random signal). In digital image processing task, enhancing the image quality and reducing the noise is a central process. Image denoising effectively preserves the image edges to a higher extend in the flat regions. Several adaptive filters (median filter, Gaussian filter, fuzzy filter, etc.) have been utilized to improve the smoothness of digital image, but these filters failed to preserve the image edges while removing noise. In this paper, a modified fuzzy set filter has been proposed to eliminate noise for restoring the digital image. Usually in fuzzy set filter, sixteen fuzzy rules are generated to find the noisy pixels in the digital image. In modified fuzzy set filter, a set of twenty-four fuzzy rules are generated with additional four pixel locations for determining the noisy pixels in the digital image. The additional eight fuzzy rules ease the process of finding the image pixels,whether it required averaging or not. In this scenario, the input digital images were collected from the underwater photography fish dataset. The efficiency of the modified fuzzy set filter was evaluated by varying degrees of Gaussian noise (0.01, 0.03, and 0.1 levels of Gaussian noise). For performance evaluation, Structural Similarity (SSIM), Mean Structural Similarity (MSSIM), Mean Square Error (MSE), Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE), Universal Image Quality Index (UIQI), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Visual Information Fidelity (VIF) were used. The experimental results showed that the modified fuzzy set filter improved PSNR value up to 2-3 dB, MSSIM up to 0.12-0.03, and NMSE value up to 0.38-0.1 compared to the traditional filtering techniques.
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Horsham, Caitlin, Helen Ford, Jeremy Herbert, Alexander Wall, Sebastian Walpole, and Elke Hacker. "Assessing Sunscreen Protection Using UV Photography: Descriptive Study." JMIR Dermatology 4, no. 1 (2021): e24653. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24653.
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Background Photography using a UV transmitting filter allows UV light to pass and can be used to illuminate UV blocking lotions such as sunscreens. Objective The aim of this study is to compare currently available UV photography cameras and assess whether these devices can be used as visualization tools for adequate coverage of sun protection lotions. Methods This study was conducted in 3 parts: in phase 1, 3 different UV cameras were tested; in phase 2, we explored whether UV photography could work on a range of sun protection products; and in phase 3, a UV webcam was developed and was field-tested in a beach setting. In phase 1, volunteers were recruited, and researchers applied 3 sun protection products (ranging from sun protection factor [SPF] 15 to 50+) to the participants’ faces and arms. UV photography was performed using 3 UV cameras, and the subsequent images were compared. In phase 2, volunteers were recruited and asked to apply their own SPF products to their faces in their usual manner. UV photographs were collected in the morning and afternoon to assess whether the coverage remained over time. Qualitative interviews were conducted to assess the participants’ level of satisfaction with the UV image. In phase 3, a small portable UV webcam was designed using a plug-and-play approach to enable the viewing of UV images on a larger screen. The developed webcam was deployed at a public beach setting for use by the public for 7 days. Results The 3 UV camera systems tested during phase 1 identified the application of a range of sun protection lotions of SPF 15 to 50+. The sensitivity of the UV camera devices was shown to be adequate, with SPF-containing products applied at concentrations of 2 and 1 mg/cm2 clearly visible and SPF-containing products applied at a concentration of 0.4 mg/cm2 having lower levels of coverage. Participants in phase 2 reported high satisfaction with the UV photography images, with 83% (29/35) of participants likely to use UV photography in the future. During phase 2, it was noted that many participants used tinted SPF-containing cosmetics, and several tinted products were further tested. However, it was observed that UV photography could not identify the areas missed for all tinted products. During phase 3, the electrical components of the UV webcam remained operational, and the camera was used 233 times by the public during field-testing. Conclusions In this study, we found that UV photography could identify the areas missed by sun protection lotions with chemical filters, and participants were engaged with personalized feedback. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12619000975190; http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=377089 ; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12619000145101; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=376672.
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Bhooshan, Lekshmi S., M. Geetha Devi, R. Aniraj, P. Binod, and M. Lekshmi. "Autologous emulsified fat injection for rejuvenation of scars: A prospective observational study." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 51, no. 01 (2018): 077–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijps.ijps_86_17.
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ABSTRACT Background: The skin rejuvenation potential of the autologous emulsified nanofat was studied by Tonnard et al. in 2013. This property is due to the viable adipose-derived stem cells present in the nanofat; although, there are no viable adipocytes. The aim of this study was to determine the aesthetic outcome of autologous emulsified nanofat injection in scars using a standardised and validated Patient Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and photographs. Materials and Methods: A total of 34 patients with scars of varied aetiologies were included in the study as per inclusion criteria. Pre-operative scoring of the scars with the POSAS scale was done, and photographs were taken. Fat aspiration was done from the lower abdominal wall using syringe liposuction under tumescent anaesthesia. The lipoaspirate was mechanically emulsified, filtered and injected intralesionally into the scar using 26G needle and insulin syringe. Post-operative scar reassessment was done at 3 months with the POSAS scale score and photographs. The improvement in scar characteristics and symptoms were tested statistically using a paired t-test. Pre-operative and post-operative photographic comparison was also done. Results: Out of the 34 patients included in the study, male:female ratio was 22:12. Majority (79.4%) had post-traumatic facial scars. On statistical analysis, there was statistically significant improvement in symptoms such as pain (P = 0.001), itching (P = 0.001), stiffness (P = 0.001), thickness (P = 0.001), colour (P = 0.001), irregularity (P = 0.001) and scar characteristics such as vascularity (P = 0.005), relief (P = 0.001), pliability (P = 0.001), thickness (P = 0.001) and pigmentation (P = 0.001) 3 months after injection. The photographic comparison also showed good aesthetic outcome. Conclusion: Autologous emulsified nanofat injection is effective in improving the scar characteristics as well as symptoms and helps in scar rejuvenation.
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Sándor, Alexandra Valéria. "The Psychosocial Impact of Modifying Face and Body Photographs in Social Media." Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/jarss.v3i2.504.
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Social media usage has become widespread in the past decade, and studying its far-reaching impacts requires an interdisciplinary approach. This pilot study takes the first step in discovering the psychosocial impact of specific media content, modified face and body photographs, and the act of modifying in this context with a mixed-method assessment. The analysis is based on structured interviews with ten social media users with various demographic traits (such as gender, age, or education) who were presented eight pairs of "before-and-after modification" photographs and completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to assess a possible relationship between modified face and body photographs in social media and depression. All the participants encountered such face and body photographs that they considered "modified". The definition of modification was "retouching, editing, using filters or any kind of digital altering mechanism". Seventy per cent of users admitted that they took the opportunity to modify photographs of their face and body. The average Beck score of the image modifiers was 7.14, while non-modifiers' was 2.33. Thirty per cent of the interviewees probably had mild depression or were in a mildly depressive state during the data collection based on their Beck scores; all were image modifiers exposed to modified pictures. Besides the fully structured interviews with social media users, half-structured interviews were also recorded with four experts – a social psychologist, a clinical psychologist, a plastic surgeon, and a professional photographer – to gain a deeper understanding of this complex topic and contribute to further, more extensive research on this area.
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Krakow, W. "Real-time computer simulation of electron microscope images via a digital television frame store system." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 542–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100144188.
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Digital television frame store devices and software packages have made it possible to obtain images directly from electron microscopes, photographic prints and transparencies in real time and obtain the power spectrum (optical diffraction pattern) and filtered image of various electron micrographs. Enhancements have been added to the Fourier analysis program package which include the use of offset filter functions and the computation of high resolution electron microscope images by including the microscope lens aberration phase shifts and illumination conditions. Because of the use of the frame store and a large mainframe computer, it is possible to have several orders of magnitude gain in image computational speed which makes real-time interactive computations possible.
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Chiumiento, G., C. Fabricius, M. G. Lattanzi, and G. Massone. "The Construction of 4 Dense Astrometric Standard Areas With the Carlsberg Automatic Meridian Circle." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 141 (1990): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900087167.
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Malin, David. "Photographic Enhancement of Hα Films". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 15, № 1 (1998): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as98038.
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AbstractThe appearance of Tech Pan film in sizes that were useful in large Schmidt telescopes immediately offered new opportunities and advantages to users of Schmidt telescopes. Among the advantages were a spatial resolution that was well matched to the image quality produced by the optics of the telescope under the best conditions. For the first time such images were well sampled on Schmidt telescopes. Tech Pan was initially formulated by Eastman Kodak as a 35 mm solar patrol film designed to have enhanced sensitivity around the 656·2 nm Hα line. It is this feature, combined with the excellent imaging characteristics, that we seek to exploit with the new UK Schmidt Telescope (UKST) Hα survey. This paper briefly reports some preliminary comparative tests of Tech Pan with the new Hα filter at UKST and suggests ways in which data from the new survey can be quickly exploited using advanced photographic techniques such as photographic amplification. This simple contact copying process rapidly reveals extended low surface brightness features that simple inspection cannot.
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Park, Jae Hong, Jun Ho Ji, Jeong Hoon Byeon, Gyo Woo Lee, and Jung Ho Hwang. "Characterization of Flame-Generated TiO2 Deposited Activated Carbon Fibers (ACF)." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.31.
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Even though activated carbon fibers (ACF) have been attractive due to high specific surface area and uniform micropore structure, there are only a few reports about the photocatalyst immobilization on ACF or their photodegradation behavior for removal of organic pollutants. In this study, ACF were selected as adsorptive support for photocatalyst immobilization. As photocatalysts, TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by using a N2-diluted and oxygen-enriched co-flow hydrogen diffusion flame. The visible flame length of 150mm was obtained by direct photographs. Flame temperature was measured by rapid insertion measurement technique with a R-type (Pt/Pt-13%Rd) thermocouple which was in wire shape (127μm diameter). TiO2 particles were sampled by using a high temperature particle sampler and then were coated on ACF filters. The sampling was carried out at 70mm and 110mm above the burner. The structure of TiO2 particles was analyzed by XRD. TiO2 coated ACF filters were characterized by FESEM-EDX and BET analyses. TiO2 particles on ACF filters were found to be agglomerated particles and the size of primary particles was approximately 50nm. The structure of TiO2 particle was anatase-phase crystalline structure. The specific surface area of TiO2 coated ACF filter was enhanced to be 1700~1860m2/g, depending on the sampling location, and the pores were micropores, regardless of the sampling location.
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Grottoli, Edoardo, Mélanie Biausque, David Rogers, Derek W. T. Jackson, and J. Andrew G. Cooper. "Structure-from-Motion-Derived Digital Surface Models from Historical Aerial Photographs: A New 3D Application for Coastal Dune Monitoring." Remote Sensing 13, no. 1 (2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010095.
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Recent advances in structure-from-motion (SfM) techniques have proliferated the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the monitoring of coastal landform changes, particularly when applied in the reconstruction of 3D surface models from historical aerial photographs. Here, we explore a number of depth map filtering and point cloud cleaning methods using the commercial software Agisoft Metashape Pro to determine the optimal methodology to build reliable digital surface models (DSMs). Twelve different aerial photography-derived DSMs are validated and compared against light detection and ranging (LiDAR)- and UAV-derived DSMs of a vegetated coastal dune system that has undergone several decades of coastline retreat. The different studied methods showed an average vertical error (root mean square error, RMSE) of approximately 1 m, with the best method resulting in an error value of 0.93 m. In our case, the best method resulted from the removal of confidence values in the range of 0–3 from the dense point cloud (DPC), with no filter applied to the depth maps. Differences among the methods examined were associated with the reconstruction of the dune slipface. The application of the modern SfM methodology to the analysis of historical aerial (vertical) photography is a novel (and reliable) new approach that can be used to better quantify coastal dune volume changes. DSMs derived from suitable historical aerial photographs, therefore, represent dependable sources of 3D data that can be used to better analyse long-term geomorphic changes in coastal dune areas that have undergone retreat.
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Szeremeta, Michał, Petra Drobuliakova, Maciej Janica, Karolina Lomperta, Anna Niemcunowicz-Janica, and Witold Pepiński. "Evaluation of the usefulness of the alternative light source (ALS) in differentiating simulated bloodstains." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 73 (January 11, 2019): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8487.
Full textAbstract:
The alternative light source (ALS) is a helpful technique for the detection of biological traces at a crime scene, which allows preservation of the material without destroying it. The aim of this study was to differentiate the human blood from a group of simulated bloodstains, which included: red borscht, raspberry juice, cherry liqueur, cranberry juice, tomato bruschetta, tomato paste, raspberry jam, rust, red spray, red wine and tomato ketchup. Stains, made of different types of material, were illuminated with the ALS emitted by the Mini-CrimeScope 400 (SPEX Forensics) with yellow, dark yellow, orange and red filters. The results of the analysis were presented as a description and also documented in photographs. The usage of light sources without color cut-off filters does not allow us to differentiate unequivocally real bloodstains from the trace evidence imitating or resembling bloodstains. The usage of different color cut-off filters (especially red filter) allowed us to exclude simulated bloodstains made of food and alcohol by using CSS light and light with a wavelength of 535 nm, 515 nm, 455 nm, 415 nm and 300-400 nm. Due to the different optical properties of blood and substances containing vegetable ingredients, forensic experts can differentiate human blood from simulated bloodstains by using the ALS in a non-destructive and quick way already at the crime scene. The ALS may be an example of a method which can replace more commonly used chemical-based screening tests.