Academic literature on the topic 'Photography of fungi'

AbstrakPenelitian ini hendak mengkaji fungsi-fungsi dokumenter dalam karya fotografi yang divisualisasikan berdampingan dengan gambar-gambar komik dalam sebuah novel grafis berjudul ‘The Photographer: Into War-Torn Afghanistan with Doctors without Borders’. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari tahu apakah nilai dokumenter karya foto bisa tetap diapresiasi layaknya foto dokumenter ataukah ada peralihan fungsi ketika dua jenis piktorial disandingkan bersamaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menganalisis adalah metode kualitatif yang menganggap bahwa setiap petunjuk adalah penting untuk dianalisis. Kemudian potongan-potongan informasi yang didapat dikaji dengan pendekatan fotografi dokumenter. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam ranah ilmu kajian fotografi sekaligus kajian komik (comic studies). Dalam ranah fotografi, fotografi dokumenter akan makin ‘berbicara’ dan memaksimalkan fungsinya ketika terbantu dengan teks piktorial lain. Untuk ranah kajian komik, hadirnya citraan fotografi justru akan memperjelas pesan yang hendak disampaikan kepada khalayak melalui gambar-gambarnya. Kata kunci: jukstaposisi, fotografi, novel grafis, dokumenter AbstractJuxtaposition of Photography in a Graphic Novel Titled ‘The Photographer’. This research studied the documentary function in photography works visualized side to side with the comic drawings in a graphic novel titled ‘The Photographer:Into War-Torn Afghanistan with Doctors without Borders’. The aim of this research was to find out whether the documentary photographs are still appreciated as they are, or there are any changes of function when those two pictorials are juxtaposed. The method employed in this research was qualitative method which considered that each clue was important to be analyzed. Then, each of them would be studied using approaches from the view point of documentary photography. The result of this research hopefully could give a contribution to the photography studies and comic studies. Photographs will ‘speak louder’ and will have their greatest value when supported by other kind of pictorials. While in comic studies, the photographs will be able to send messages better through their drawings when juxtaposed with photographs. Keywords: juxtaposition, photography, graphic novel, documentary

Raindrop impact on infected plants can disperse micron-sized propagules of plant pathogens (e.g., spores of fungi). Little is known about the mechanism of how plant pathogens are liberated and transported due to raindrop impact. We used high-speed photography to observe thousands of dry-dispersed spores of the rust fungus Puccinia triticina being liberated from infected wheat plants following the impact of a single raindrop. We revealed that an air vortex ring was formed during the raindrop impact and carried the dry-dispersed spores away from the surface of the host plant. The maximum height and travel distance of the airborne spores increased with the aid of the air vortex. This unique mechanism of vortex-induced dispersal dynamics was characterized to predict trajectories of spores. Finally, we found that the spores transported by the air vortex can reach beyond the laminar boundary layer of leaves, which would enable the long-distance transport of plant pathogens through the atmosphere.

Early seedling establishment of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in small forest gaps was studied in drier, subalpine P. abies ecosystems in the Swiss Alps. Study sites were on steep south and north slopes. Average gap size was 15 m x 20 m on the south slope and 15 m x 70 m on the north slope. Sowing trials established on different microsites were observed for 2 or 3 years. Direct sunlight was assessed with hemispherical photography. Emergence was better on the north slope than on the south slope. On the south slope, emergence was higher on the mineral soil than on the organic layer and was negatively associated with direct sunlight, especially during the noon period. On both slopes, drought due to rainfall interception at the gap edge negatively affected emergence. The limiting factor for survival and growth on the south slope was drought (on the organic layer), whereas on the north slope lack of direct radiation and pathogenic fungi developing in the snowpack were limiting. The early regeneration niche on the south slope was narrower than on the north slope.

AbstractThis work comprises the use of a multi-analytical approach combined with microbiological studies to characterize six paper samples, containing foxing stains, from the 20th century, regarding their cellulose matrix, fillers, and sizing materials, and to evaluate possible paper degradation that might have occurred during the foxing stains. Photography under different illuminations and optical microscopy were used for morphological characterization of the paper samples and foxing stains. Scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was of particular importance for defining the presence of fiber disorder and disruption on the surface of some of the stains, and localized accumulations of mineral-like particles on the surface of others. SEM-EDS, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR), and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) were used for the identification of mineral fillers, whereas sizing agents were analyzed using ATR-FT-IR. EDXRF results showed that no differences, within the standard deviation, were found in iron and copper contents between the foxed and unfoxed areas. Fungi belonging to the genus Penicillium spp. were found in all the paper samples. Unfoxed areas presented lower contamination than the foxed areas.

AbstrakSebuah foto selain berfungsi untuk merekam realitas objektif juga dapat memberikan ruang berekspresi secara personal bagi fotografernya. Karya fotografi yang diciptakan di sini mengangkat persoalan diri dan direpresentasikan melalui objek paku bersama objek-objek lain yang mendukung narasi tentang diri. Eksistensi diri tentunya tidak lepas dengan lingkungan yang ditinggali. Manusia lahir dalam sebuah keluarga dan kemudian bertemu dan berinteraksi dengan berbagai macam lingkungan sosial. Narasi tentang diri dihadirkan secara tersirat dan mengangkat persoalan seperti fenomena lingkungan yang mempengaruhi terbentuknya diri. Visualisasi penciptaan karya fotografi ini menggunakan teknik penggabungan foto untuk menghasilkan karya sesuai dengan narasi yang dibangun. Selain itu, untuk memvisualisasikan representasi diri melalui objek paku, objek paku juga akan dieksplorasi dan diinteraksikan dengan objek-objek pendukung. Objek-objek tersebut belum tentu memiliki hubungan fungsi dalam dunia nyata. Narasi yang akan dibangun melalui objek paku ini ialah dengan mencari kode serta makna-makna simbolis objek sehingga hasil visual dalam foto menjadi beragam dan menarik.Kata kunci: paku, representasi diri, fotografi ekspresi, simbol AbstractNail as Self Representation in Fine Art Photography. A photograph, aside of capturing reality, it can be used as a space to express photographer's feeling and his personal perspective about the world. Photographs created here were about self matters represented through nail alongside with another objects as the story of self. Self existence is always related with the place of someone’s lives. People are born in a family and interact with many social environments. These matters of self talks about social phenomenon that affect personal self development. The narations which already gathered were presented implicitly in the photos. These photographs' creation were visualized by combining several photos into one, creating surreal image. Besides, visualizing the idea was applied by exploring and interacting the nail with another objects which were considered relevant with the concept. These object sometimes had no functional relation in reality. The concept of narration here was built up from symbolic meaning of the objects so the visualization of the photographs could be various and became more interesting.Keywords: nail, representation of self, fine art photography, symbol

INTRODUCTION The emergence of smart Internet resources and the improvement of electronic mobile devices have proved to be very useful for performing various scientific applied tasks, for example, for documenting biological observations in nature.The most significant are open access online platforms that accumulate information about biodiversity and provide it to everyone, for example: Global Biodiversity Information Facility, The Biodiversity Heritage Library, the multifunctional network storage of biological material National Depository Bank of Live Systems"Noah's Ark" etc. Of particular interest are resources that combine, on the one hand, a platform for collecting scientific data on biodiversity, and, on the other hand, a means of communication between people who collect and analyze this data, including projects that are often presented as "citizen science", for example: Mushroom Observer [Wilson, Hollinger et al. 2006-present], iNaturalist [iNaturalist, 2022]. The most popular resource among nature lovers is iNaturalist [iNaturalist, 2022], which is based on the concept of mapping and sharing observations of biodiversity around the world.At the moment, iNaturalist cannot be considered as a good mobile tool for identifying fungi in the field as well as a reliable way to determination based on photographs with the help of experts, since in most cases many different characters (including microstructures) are needed for accurate identification, and photographs of fruit bodies are clearly insufficient.Nevertheless, the program can be successfully used for the certain tasks in the study of fungi[Filippova et al., 2022; Sheehan, 2021]. WHAT FUNGI RESEARCH TASKS CAN BE PERFORMED WITH THE INATURALIST PLATFORM? Photodocumentation and mapping of finds. In general, it is suitable for any find of fungal species. However, the implementation of this task is most appropriate in the case of working with rare and well-recognized species from photographs. Accumulation of observations of a designated group of species in any designated area, using filters or organizing special project inside iNaturalist, for example Funga of Tula Oblast [Funga, 2021], FunDiS West Coast Rare Fungi Challenge [FunDis, 2021]. Revealing of new species localities through the activities of amateur naturalists, as well as by involving students, schoolchildren and their parents in posting data and discussing findings. Organizing the specimen collection based on the obtained coordinates of the finds.Thanks to the data on new locations, it is easy to organize special expeditions with students or schoolchildren to "hot spots", or to involve amateurs to collection of specimens. Use as a database of finds, excursion routes, geobotanical descriptions of sample plots, as well as a kind of repository of "voucher" photographs Monitoring the appearance of fruiting bodies (phenology) of species confidently identified from photographs HOW CAN INATURALIST BE USED FOR MONITORING OF SPECIES INCLUDED IN THE RED DATA BOOK? WHAT INDICATORS CAN BE ASSESSED? Number of photographic observations of rare species. Total number of observed rare species. The level of "observability-recognition" of various species in the field and at the photographs (and the possibility of monitoring). Spatial distribution of populations in the region. Abundance of fruiting bodies. Phenology of fruiting. The ecology of the finds and the state of habitats (the latter can be assessed indirectly, by the remoteness and surroundings of collection points; for example, if the point is located deep in a hard-to-reach forest area, then there is a high probability that the population of the species will be preserved good [Aurantiporus, 2022]. Number of observers, including permanent and enthusiastic ones, who can be involved in the registration of finds of protected species. For an example of how this works, here are the results of monitoring protected species in the Tula Oblast using iNaturalist during vegetation season in 2021: 1) about 130 photographic observations of protected mushroom species were received; 2) the total number of observed species listed in the Red Data Book of the Tula Oblast [2010] is 31. Information about most of them was included in the GBIF; 3) new locations were found for 18 protected species; 4) new information about the habitats of rare species has been obtained; 5) rare species not previously recorded in the region were foundthey are candidates for the next edition of the Red Data Book (for example, Lycoperdonmammiforme Pers. [Lycoperdon, 2022], Holwayamucida (Schulzer) Korf Abawi [Holwaya, 2022]; 6) 26 observers recorded findings of rare mushroom species.Special project Red Data Book Fungi of Tula Oblast was organized based on iNaturalist-platform. CONCLUSION The use of the iNaturalist intellectual online platform as a modern tool for studying the fungal biodiversity shows that it can help to solve a number of important tasks in the accumulation of photographic, cartographic, phenological and ecological data, as well as to attract a wide range of amateurs to learn and investigate fungi. Based on the first experience, it can be certainty said that the most significant and reliable data obtained due to monitoring of rare and protected fungal species, carried out as a part of project Red Data Book - Fungi of the Tula Oblast [2021], organized on the iNaturalist platform. During one season in 2021 preceded the release of the second edition of the Red Data Book of the Tula Oblast: lichens and fungi [2021], more than 130 photographic observations of 31 protected species of fungi were obtained, new locations were discovered for 18 species, some rare species were revealed as new for the region, new information about ecology and phenology was obtained. All data were considered in the released second edition of the Red Data Book. The results of the work continued in 2022 and also planned for the future will be taken into account in the next third edition of the book. To achieve better results, it is necessary to organize a systematic approach to monitoring in iNaturalist, providing the active involvement of amateurs and biologists in photo documentation and identification of fungi finds, as well as the development of special methods for obtaining the most informative photo observations. All this, together with traditional methods of biodiversity research, will contribute to displaying an adequate picture of the distribution and occurrence of rare fungal species in the region.

Abstrak Penelitian ini bermaksud menjelaskan orientasi fotografi pengunjung yang berfoto di anjungan wisata kawasan Mangunan dengan objek penelitian berupa foto potret di media sosial Instagram. Menerapkan metode penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif, analisis kritis dilakukan dalam pembacaan foto-foto potret menggunakan telaah fungsi foto potret Soeprapto Soedjono, serta telaah aspek teknis-fisik fotografi potret yang dikemukakan oleh Famous Photographers School. Mengambil sampel berupa lima foto dari lima akun Instagram yang berlatar di lima anjungan wisata di kawasan Mangunan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga fungsi foto potret yang diunggah oleh para pengunjung yang merupakan subjek foto sekaligus pemilik akun Instagram; yaitu fungsi personal, sosial, dan komersial. Dalam upaya mewujudkan foto potret yang sesuai dengan fungsi-fungsi tersebut, pengunjung tampak memperhitungkan aspek teknis-fisik fotografi potret berupa pencahayaan, pose, dan background. Adapun poperti, kurang mendapatkan perhatian dikarenakan tidak semua anjungan menyediakannya. Kata kunci: fotografi, anjungan, foto potret, Instagram AbstractVisitors’ Photography Orientation of Scenery Stages in Mangunan Tourism Area: Study of The Functions of Portrait Photos in Social Media Instagram. This research explains the photography orientation of visitors who taking photograph of theirselves (portrait) on the scenary stages (selfie spots) in Mangunan tourism area, by studying their portraits in social media Instagram. This research allows the descriptive-qualitative method. It uses the study of the portrait functions explained by Soeprapto Soedjono to read and to analise the portrait photos. It also studies the physical-technical aspect in portrait photography explained by Famous Photographers School applied by the visitors. There are five portrait photo samples from five Instagram accounts which setting are on scenery stages in Mangunan tourism area. This research conclusion shows three functions of the portrait photos uploaded by the visitors, either as the Instagram account owners and the subjects (sitters) of those photos: personal function, social function, and commercial function. In order to make her/ his portrait matches on the function desired, visitor seems to care about physical-technical aspects on portrait photography: lighting, pose, and background. Another element is property, which is the most ignorable element due to it’s rare availability on the spot. Keywords: photography, scenary stage, portrait photo, Instagram

Pieces of art stored in museum depots and display rooms are subject to fungal colonization that leads to bio-deterioration processes. Deteriorated wooden sculptures and art photographs temporarily stored in the quarantine room of the Cultural Center of Belgrade were subject to mycological analyses. Twelve fungal species were identified on the wooden substratum and five species were detected on photograph surfaces. Trichoderma viride, Chaetomium globosum and Alternaria sp. were the fungi with proven cellulolytic activity detected on the examined cellulose substrata. Indoor air mycobiota were estimated to 210.09 ? 8.06 CFU m-3, and the conidia of fungus Aspergillus niger were the dominant fungal propagules in the air of the examined room.

Ketegaran dan kesabaran yang luar biasa, sebagai sesama wanita, dari para wanita penambang pasir di Lereng Selatan Gunung Merapi, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta menjadi inspirasi bagi penulis untuk diungkapkan dalam karya fotografi dengan bentuk potret hitam putih karena potret bisa mewakili keadaan sebenarnya dari objek. Penciptaan ini bertujuan mengungkapkan kehidupan wanita penambang pasir di Lereng Selatan Gunung Merapi, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dalam fotografi potret hitam putih dikaitkan dengan aspek teknis kreatif dan fungsi nilai sosialnya.Proses perwujudan mencakup tahap-tahap penciptaan dan media yang digunakan untuk mewujudkan karya seni fotografi potret yang tentunya membutuhkan bahan, alat, dan teknik. Prosedur pelaksanaan meliputi persiapan, pemotretan, proses editing, penentuan lay out, dan pencetakan hasil akhir. Karya penciptaan ini menampilkan karya-karya yang merupakan serangkaian fotografi potret wanita penambang pasir di Lereng Selatan Gunung Merapi, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Melalui foto-foto yang ditampilkan diharapkan dapat memberikan sudut pandang bagi masyarakat dalam mengapresiasi sosok wanita penambang pasir, melalui ketegaran dan kesabarannya yang luar biasa. Keunggulan karya ini adalah menampilkan foto potret wanita penambang pasir dengan hitam putih sehingga tampak lebih dramatis. Obstinacy and remarkable patience, as a fellow woman, from the women sand miners in South Slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta became the inspiration for the author to be expressed in the form of photographic works with black and white portrait because a portrait can represent the actual state of the object. The aim of this creation reveals a woman's life sand miners in South Slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta in black and white portrait photography associated with the creative and technical aspects of the function of social value. The embodiment process includes the stages of creation and media that are used to create works of art portrait photography that will require materials, equipment, and techniques. Implementation procedures covering the preparation, shooting, editing, determination lay out, and print the final results. This creative work featuring the works is a series of photographic portraits of women sand miners in South Slope of Mount Merapi, Yogyakarta. Through the photographs displayed are expected to provide viewpoints for society to appreciate the female figure sand miners, through fortitude and patience were outstanding. The advantages of this work is to show a portrait photo woman sand miners with black and white so that it looks more dramatic.

Previous studies have shown that thermally modified wood (TMW) performs well in outdoor, above-ground conditions in terms of resistance to wood-decaying fungi. Yet, little is known about the development of defects such as checks and the corresponding mechanical properties of TMW in this condition. This experiment focused on the effect of 30 months outdoor above-ground exposure (weathering) on the degree of checking, dynamic stiffness and static bending properties of thermally modified timber (TMT) of Norway spruce. Two board pairs per log were cut from 190 logs; one board of each pair was thermally modified and the other used as control. Then, 90 board pairs were exposed to the weather in south Sweden. Surface checking and axial stiffness were monitored at six-month intervals by using digital photography and non-destructive tests (time-of-flight and resonance method) to monitor changes in the material upon weathering. Finally, all boards were tested destructively in a 4-point static bending test following EN 408 standard. Results showed that weathering had no significance influence on static bending properties of TMT even though the degree of checking was considerably higher in TMT than unmodified timber after weathering. In particular, checks along growth rings were deeper, longer and more common in TMT after weathering, especially on the pith side of boards. The maximum depth of these checks did not depend on board orientation (i.e., which side was exposed) and exceeded limits given in strength grading standards for 7% of the modified boards included. Axial dynamic stiffness determined at 6-month intervals was less influenced by fluctuations in moisture content for TMT compared to unmodified timber, but did not confirm the increase in the degree of checking of TMT. The presence of checks from weathering did influence failure modes in TMT; horizontal shear failure became more frequent and some boards failed in compression.

Fungi are diverse, delicious and sometimes deadly. With interest in foraging for wild food on the rise, learning to accurately identify fungi reduces both poisoning risk to humans and harm to the environment. This extensively illustrated guide takes a 'slow mushrooming' approach – providing the information to correctly identify a few edible species thoroughly, rather than many superficially. Wild Mushrooming: A Guide for Foragers melds scientific and cultural knowledge with stunning photography to present a new way of looking at fungi. It models 'ecological foraging' – an approach based on care, conservation and a deep understanding of ecosystem dynamics. Sections on where, when and how to find fungi guide the forager in the identification of 10 edible species. Diagnostic information on toxic fungi and lookalike species helps to differentiate the desirable from the deadly. Wild Mushrooming then takes us into the kitchen with cooking techniques and 29 recipes from a variety of cuisines that can be adapted for both foraged and cultivated fungi. Developing the skills to find fungi requires slowness, not speed. This guide provides the necessary information for the safe collection of fungi, and is essential reading for fungus enthusiasts, ecologists, conservationists, medical professionals and anyone interested in the natural world.