Relevant bibliographies by topics / Photon emission

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Photon emission'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Photon emission"

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Rivera, Nicholas, Gilles Rosolen, John D. Joannopoulos, Ido Kaminer, and Marin Soljačić. "Making two-photon processes dominate one-photon processes using mid-IR phonon polaritons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 52 (December 12, 2017): 13607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713538114.

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Phonon polaritons are guided hybrid modes of photons and optical phonons that can propagate on the surface of a polar dielectric. In this work, we show that the precise combination of confinement and bandwidth offered by phonon polaritons allows for the ability to create highly efficient sources of polariton pairs in the mid-IR/terahertz frequency ranges. Specifically, these polar dielectrics can cause emitters to preferentially decay by the emission of pairs of phonon polaritons, instead of the previously dominant single-photon emission. We show that such two-photon emission processes can occur on nanosecond time scales and can be nearly 2 orders of magnitude faster than competing single-photon transitions, as opposed to being as much as 8–10 orders of magnitude slower in free space. These results are robust to the choice of polar dielectric, allowing potentially versatile implementation in a host of materials such as hexagonal boron nitride, silicon carbide, and others. Our results suggest a design strategy for quantum light sources in the mid-IR/terahertz: ones that prefer to emit a relatively broad spectrum of photon pairs, potentially allowing for new sources of both single and multiple photons.
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Mohammed Ahmed, Elaf, Hadi J. M. Al-Agealy, and Nada Farhan Kadhim. "Theoretical Calculation of Photon Emission from Quark-Antiquark Annihilation Using QCD Theory." Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences 35, no. 4 (October 20, 2022): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/35.4.2879.

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In this work, we calculate and analyze the photon emission from quark and anti-quark interaction during annihilation process using simple model depending on phenomenology of quantum chromodynamic theory (QCD). The parameters, which include the running strength coupling, temperature of the system and the critical temperature, carry information regarding photon emission and have a significant impact on the photons yield. The emission of photon from strange interaction with anti-strange is large sensitive to decreases or increases there running strength coupling. The photons emission increases with decreases running strength coupling and vice versa. We introduce the influence of critical temperature on the photon emission rate in order to facilitate its further applied in photon emission spectrum. Photon emission was increased with large critical temperature MeV comparing with photons emission at critical temperature MeV. We analyze and discuss the sensitive of the emission of photon to photons energy . It increases with decreased photons energy and vice versa. However, the photons emission increases with increases thermal energy of system T = 170 MeV to 270 Mev. It is implied that strength coupling, critical temperature and photons energy can be as important as thermal energy of system for emission of photon.
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Mizuno, Y., and T. Mizuno. "Photon emission accompanying deformation and fracture of ice." Canadian Journal of Physics 81, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2003): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p03-012.

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We observed photon emission during deformation and fracture of axially loaded polycrystalline ice. Emission of visible photons (300–650 nm) was correlated with crack generation and fracture, based on time-resolved photon emission signals taken during load changes. Emission intensity, including the entire spectra ranging from 300 to 650 nm, was roughly correlated with increasing strain energy released by fracturing, while considerable scattering of the intensity data implied that emission intensity also depended on the characteristics of each individual crack. Correlation was taken between simultaneous emissions detected with two photomultiplier tubes with different ranges of spectral sensitivity. Brief, intense emissions were clearly associated with load drops, and these probably included wavelengths shorter than 320 nm, indicating that near ultraviolet light is also emitted. On the other hand, weak but continuous signals with wavelengths longer than 650 nm were emitted the entire time the ice was subjected to a load. Emission intensity and spectra may be attributed to microprocesses during fracturing. Experimental evidence for emission of visible photons indicates that the generated electric charges on crack surfaces and at crack tips have energy ranging from 2 to 6 eV. PACS No.: 46.50
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Dovlatova, Alla, and Dmitri Yerchuck. "Quantum Field Theory of Dynamics of Spectroscopic Transitions by Strong Dipole-Photon and Dipole-Phonon Coupling." ISRN Optics 2012 (December 12, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/390749.

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Matrix-operator difference-differential equations for dynamics of spectroscopic transitions in 1D multiqubit exchange-coupled (para)magnetic and optical systems by strong dipole-photon and dipole-phonon coupling are derived within the framework of quantum field theory. It has been established that by strong dipole-photon and dipole-phonon coupling the formation of long-lived coherent system of the resonance phonons takes place, and relaxation processes acquire pure quantum character. It is determined by the appearance of coherent emission process of EM-field energy, for which the resonance phonon system is responsible. Emission process is accompanied by phonon Rabi quantum oscillation, which can be time-shared from photon quantum Rabi oscillations, accompanying coherent absorption process of EM-field energy. For the case of radio spectroscopy, it corresponds to the possibility of the simultaneous observation along with (para)magntic spin resonance, the acoustic spin resonance.
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Kontos, Antonios, and Rainer Weiss. "Photon emission spectrum of ion pumps." Review of Scientific Instruments 94, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 034503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0138917.

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As the sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors increases, new sources of noise appear. A potential source of noise may arise from charge accumulating on the mirrors of the experiment, the origin of which can be related to UV photons from the surroundings. In order to test one hypothesis, we measured the photon emission spectrum from a type of ion pump that is used in the experiment, an Agilent VacIon Plus 2500 l/s. We found that there is significant emission of UV photons above 5 eV, capable of knocking electrons off mirrors or surrounding surfaces and charging them. Photon emission measurements were taken as a function of gas pressure, ion-pump voltage setting, and type of pumped gas. The overall emission and shape of the measured photon spectrum are consistent with bremsstrahlung as the mechanism for the production of the photons.
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McLaughlin, Joseph Biagio, Giacomo Gallina, Fabrice Retière, Austin De St. Croix, Pietro Giampa, Mahsa Mahtab, Peter Margetak, et al. "Characterisation of SiPM Photon Emission in the Dark." Sensors 21, no. 17 (September 4, 2021): 5947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175947.

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In this paper, we report on the photon emission of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) from avalanche pulses generated in dark conditions, with the main objective of better understanding the associated systematics for next-generation, large area, SiPM-based physics experiments. A new apparatus for spectral and imaging analysis was developed at TRIUMF and used to measure the light emitted by the two SiPMs considered as photo-sensor candidates for the nEXO neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment: one Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) VUV-HD Low Field (LF) Low After Pulse (Low AP) (VUV-HD3) SiPM and one Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (HPK) VUV4 Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC). Spectral measurements of their light emissions were taken with varying over-voltage in the wavelength range of 450–1020 nm. For the FBK VUV-HD3, at an over-voltage of 12.1±1.0 V, we measured a secondary photon yield (number of photons (γ) emitted per charge carrier (e−)) of (4.04±0.02)×10−6γ/e−. The emission spectrum of the FBK VUV-HD3 contains an interference pattern consistent with thin-film interference. Additionally, emission microscopy images (EMMIs) of the FBK VUV-HD3 show a small number of highly localized regions with increased light intensity (hotspots) randomly distributed over the SiPM surface area. For the HPK VUV4 MPPC, at an over-voltage of 10.7±1.0 V, we measured a secondary photon yield of (8.71±0.04)×10−6γ/e−. In contrast to the FBK VUV-HD3, the emission spectra of the HPK VUV4 did not show an interference pattern—likely due to a thinner surface coating. The EMMIs of the HPK VUV4 also revealed a larger number of hotspots compared to the FBK VUV-HD3, especially in one of the corners of the device. The photon yield reported in this paper may be limited if compared with the one reported in previous studies due to the measurement wavelength range, which is only up to 1020 nm.
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AKSENOV, A. G., R. RUFFINI, I. A. SIUTSOU, and G. V. VERESHCHAGIN. "DYNAMICS AND EMISSION OF MILDLY RELATIVISTIC PLASMA." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 12 (January 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512006204.

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Initially optically thick (with τ = 3⋅107) spherically symmetric outflow consisting of electron-positron pairs and photons is considered. We do not assume thermal equilibrium, and include the two-body processes that occur in such plasma: Möller and Bhabha scattering of pairs, Compton scattering, two-photon pair annihilation, two-photon pair production, together with their radiative three-body variants: bremsstrahlung, double Compton scattering, and three-photon pair annihilation, with their inverse processes. We solve numerically the relativistic Boltzmann equations in spherically symmetric case for distribution functions of pairs and photons. Three epochs are considered in details: a) the thermalization, which brings initially nonequilibrium plasma to thermal equilibrium; b) the self-accelerated expansion, which we find in agreement with previous hydrodynamic studies and c) decoupling of photons from the expanding electron-positron plasma. Photon spectra are computed, and appear to be non thermal near the peak of the luminosity. In particular, the low energy part of the spectrum contain more power with respect to the black body one.
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Yang, Ming, Shun An Chen, Qian Ru Lin, and Tao Pang. "Temperature Sensing Assists the Understanding of Er3+ Concentration Dependent Anti-Stokes Luminescence in NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+ Nanophosphors." Materials Science Forum 1003 (July 2020): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1003.241.

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In this paper, upcovnerison luminescence in Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped NaYF4 nanophosphors was regulated by changing the Er3+ concentration. With increasing the Er3+ concentration, the green and red emissions increased first and then decreased, but the intensity ratio of red to green emission decreased monotonically. To clarify the role of Er3+ doping, the factors including crystal structure, morphology and size of particle, photon absorption, energy transfer, multi-phonon relaxation, population of emissive levels and emission probability of radiative transitions were considered and analyzed. More importantly, we proposed a simple method for discussing radiation transitions based on luminescence temperature sensing.
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Chef, Samuel, Chung Tah Chua, and Chee Lip Gan. "Machine Learning for Time-Resolved Emission: Image Resolution Enhancement." EDFA Technical Articles 23, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.edfa.2021-3.p024.

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Abstract This article describes a novel method for improving image resolution achieved using time-resolved photon emission techniques. Instead of directly generating images from photon counting, all detected photons are displayed as a point cloud in 3D space and a new higher-resolution image is generated based on probability density functions associated with photon distributions. Unsupervised learning algorithms identify photon distribution patterns as well as fainter emission sources.
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Melrose, D. B. "Induced photon decay and photon-beam-induced Langmuir turbulence." Journal of Plasma Physics 51, no. 1 (February 1994): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800017360.

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A pair of quasi-linear-like equations is derived to describe the effect of three-wave interactions between high-frequency photons and Langmuir waves in a differential approximation. Induced photon decay leads to terms analogous to those for spontaneous emission, but involving the square of the photon occupation number. The effect on the Langmuir waves is evaluated for axisymmetric photons. The effect on the photons is shown to be similar to but weaker than induced Compton scattering by thermal electrons. The absorption coefficient for the Langmuir waves is evaluated for an axisymmetric distribution of photons, and used to discuss a photon-beam-induced instability. Possible astrophysical applications to solar ‘spike’ bursts, the eclipse of a radio pulsar and the variable low-frequency emission from some active galactic nuclei are discussed briefly, and it is concluded that the process can account for the observed properties of the eclipse of PSR 1957 + 20.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Photon emission"

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Heinze, Dirk, Artur Zrenner, and Stefan Schumacher. "Polarization-entangled twin photons from two-photon quantum-dot emission." AMER PHYSICAL SOC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624438.

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Semiconductor quantum dots are promising sources for polarization-entangled photons. As an alternative to the usual cascaded biexciton-exciton emission, direct two-photon emission from the biexciton can be used. With a high-quality optical resonator tuned to half the biexciton energy, a large proportion of the photons can be steered into the two-photon emission channel. In this case the degree of polarization entanglement is inherently insensitive to the exciton fine-structure splitting. In the present work we analyze the biexciton emission with particular emphasis on the influence of coupling of the quantum-dot cavity system to its environment. Especially for a high-quality cavity, the coupling to the surrounding semiconductormaterial can open up additional phonon-assisted decay channels. Our analysis demonstrates that with the cavity tuned to half the biexciton energy, the potentially detrimental influence of the phonons on the polarization entanglement is strongly suppressed-high degrees of entanglement can still be achieved. We further discuss spectral properties and statistics of the emitted twin photons.
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Thompson, Ruth Marie. "Single photon and photon pair emission from a quantum dot." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619579.

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Hewitt, Tanya A. "Pinhole single photon emission computed tomography." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0002/MQ43359.pdf.

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Al-Azmi, Darwish. "Simultaneous positron and single photon emission tomography." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/770250/.

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Emission computed tomography involves external measurements of gamma photons emitted from within the object under investigation in order to map the radioactive distribution into a two-dimensional array within a slice of interest. Both positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) constitute the two types of emission computed tomography. PET and SPECT differ radically in almost every aspect of system design; radionuc1ide employed, radiation detectors and arrangement, collimation (electronic, mechanical), processing electronics as well as data acquisition, handling and correction. A prototype scanning-rig incorporating two collimated BOO scintillation detectors has been used to carry out PET experiments utilising 6SOe line sources (positron-emitter) and a perspex phantom of 50-mm in diameter to simulate a small animal i.e. a rat's head. Modifications for the experimental scanning-rig allowed the collection of the singles events in the PET studies in such a way that they could be reconstructed to provide SPECT images for the radioactive distribution under investigation. This property allowed a simultaneous collection of PET and SPECT data for the same object under exactly the same conditions. Two data sets are generated from each tomographic experiment; one is for PET and the other is for SPECT. Each data set is corrected separately for the required corrections i.e. scattering and attenuation before reconstruction, and then two images are produced for each study. The outcome from this work is the comparison between the two images of PET and positron SPECT obtained. The line spread function curves taken for various depths and the image profiles for studies in air and perspex show that PET provides better spatial resolution than positron SPECT. This property of PET is further confirmed by the MTF curves and the fidelity test. Using a collimation aperture of 3- mm wide, the spatial resolution values in air were found to be 3.2 +/- 0.45 mm and 7.4 +/- 0.45 mm FWHM for PET and SPECT respectively. The images of the two line sources with a 10-mm centre-to-centre separation are partially resolved in the SPECT images whereas a sufficient separation between the two sources is achieved in PET. Image combination has been applied in order to obtain a hybrid image which contains the advantages from both PET and SPECT. A straightforward averaging and multiplication of the two images of PET and SPECT were found useful to provide images with enhanced quality. The multiplication process provided images with significantly improved quality for the PE T images. When evaluating the image quality of the line source in air, the fidelity test values are 0.71 and -1.11 for PET and SPECT respectively. The image combination resulted in an image with fidelity values of 0.92 when the two images are multiplied and 0.12 when their averaging was obtained.
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Varas, Jaime Armando. "Spectral unfolding of radiotherapy photon beams." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28131.

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An iterative folding method was used to unfold a 6 MV and 18 MV photon en— ergy spectra from depth dose measurements. By developing a response matrix that included photon beam attenuation in water, electron disequilibrium and contamination, and phantom scatter factors; we unfolded the spectra from a Siemens Primus 6 MV and 18 MV radiotherapy photon beams. The unfolding algorithm was initially applied to open fields, where we looked at five different field sizes for each energy. Their resulting spectra were then analyzed, our results showing a broadening of the beam spectra with increasing field size, and an overall increase in the spectral mean energy as a function of field size for both energies. This was attributed, in part, to the increased collimator scatter, SC, arising from the changing field size and the dependence of the amount of flattening filter area exposed on the field size setting. Next we applied the unfolding algorithm to hard and soft wedges for three field sizes, and five different wedge angles. The response matrix had to be modified, adding an extra factor to account for wedge scatter. The results for the hard wedges showed that though effects such as flattening filter and collimator scatter are still present in the wedged spectra, they are dominated by the attenuation properties of the hard wedges, with the wedge angle and field size determining the spectral distribution. For the soft wedges, which are formed via a combination of dose rate adjustment and jaw movement rather than the attenuation of the beam, the results were similar to those of the hard wedges. The field size dominated the spectral distribution, with wedge angle exerting no major effect. For both wedge modes, the spectral change along the wedge gradient axis was examined. It was found that there was a considerable shift in the spectrum from the thin end of the wedge to the thick end. For the hard wedge this was expected, but a similar result was noted for the soft wedge. The effective change in field size in the formation of the soft wedge was noted as the cause of this effect. The unfolding algorithm was also applied to carbon fiber inserts. These devices are routinely used in radiotherapy, and are known to increase surface dose to patients. By analyzing the spectrum of a 6 MV beam attenuated by a carbon fiber insert, we were able to surmise that the increased dose was due in part to a build-up effect, and partially due to a biased attenuation of the linac head—scatter by the carbon fiber insert. Noting that thermoluminescent dosimeters, TLDs, are routinely used for in vivo measurements with soft wedges, we analyzed the effect of the changing spectrum of a soft wedge along the gradient axis on TLDs. By using the unfolded spectrum with EGSnrc Monte Carlo, we were able to show that the TLDs did over respond when measuring dose of a soft wedge. This was due to the changing spectrum of the soft wedge, and was contradictory to common belief concerning soft wedges.
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Tan, T. S. "Light emission from a scanning tunnelling microscope." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361306.

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Tajuddin, A. A. B. "Error reduction in quantitative single photon emission tomography." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371988.

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Schaeverbeke, Quentin. "Photon emission and quantum transport in nanoplasmonic cavities." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0097.

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L’étude de l’interaction entre la lumière et la matière n’a cessé de susciter un intérêt croissant au fil des années. L’amélioration des techniques de fabrication des cavités électromagnétiques permet aujourd’hui de coupler ces cavités à des nanocircuits, se faisant, combinant les champs de l’optique quantique et de la nanoélectronique. À cela s’ajoute enfin la démonstration expérimentale de la possibilité d’utiliser un microscope à effet tunnel comme cavité plasmonique couplée au transport électronique. Cette thèse propose un cadre théorique basé sur l’électrodynamique quantique en cavité, permettant l’étude du couplage entre le transport électronique dans une jonction moléculaire et le champ électromagnétique d’une cavité. L’attention est portée sur le régime de transfert tunnel séquentiel des électrons, auquel est adapté l’utilisation les calculs basés sur l’usage de la matrice densité. Ce régime permet d’établir les equations maîtresses régissant l’évolution temporelle de la matrice densité, ainsi qu’un schéma de calcul numérique du courant électronique et des propriétés statistiques des photons dans la cavité quand il n’est pas possible d’obtenir un résultat analytique. Dans un premier temps, l’attention est portée sur un modele de jonction moléculaire à une orbitale. En effet, l’existence d’un courant électronique signifie que la charge de la molécule fluctue et cette fluctuation se couple au champ électromagnétique de la cavité. L’étude de ce premier système est faite dans le régime, expérimentalement pertinent, de fort taux d’amortissement κ ≥ kBT du mode de la cavité et de couplage lumière–matière arbitrairement élevé. Ce modèle met en évidence l’équivalence du couplage électron–photon et du couv plage électron–phonon pour un unique niveau électronique. Ce couplage électron–phonon est étudié depuis longtemps en nanoélectronique sous le nom de principe Franck–Condon. La caractéristique courant–tension du circuit fait apparaitre une évolution par paliers ou seuils inelastiques, chacun séparé par l’énergie d’un photon. Ce phénomène correspond à une dissipation d’énergie, par émission de photons dans la cavité, médiée par le courant électronique. Pour cette étude, une formule du courant électronique prenant en compte l’effet de l’amortissement de la cavité(facteur de qualité Q ≈ 10) a été dérivée. Cela a permis de montrer que la largeur des sauts du courant est contrôlée par κ plutôt que la température. Ce modèle démontre la possibilité d’obtenir divers régimes d’émission de lumière par passage de courant au sein de la jonction. Pour une importante différence de potentiel entre les électrodes de la jonction, cette théorie prédît un important groupement («bunching») des photons émis dans la cavité. La fonction de corrélation de deux photons à temps égaux g(2)(0) atteint alors une valeur de l’ordre de κ/Γ, où Γ est le taux de transfert tunnel des électrons. En revanche, au premier seuil de transfert inélastique des électrons, cette théorie prédît une émission de lumière non–classique provoquée par le courant électronique moléculaire à un niveau (la jonction se comporte alors comme une source à un photon). Enfin, nous avons montré qu’en présence d’une source de voltage dépendant du temps appliqué à la cavité, le courant dc présente des paliers analogues à ceux obtenus dans le régime Franck–Condon. La théorie développée dans cette thèse est ensuite appliquée à une jonction moléculaire à deux niveaux électroniques. Dans ce scénario, le mode de la cavité se couple à la transition électronique entre les deux orbitales moléculaires. L’effet des fluctuations des charges de chaque orbitale est négligé. Dans ce cadre, nous avons étudié le cas d’un couplage cavité-molécule de type dipolaire électrique. L’attention est portée principalement sur le régime de couplage faible entre le dipole de la molécule et le mode de la cavité. [...]
The study of light–matter interaction has drawn through the years more and more interest. With the improvement of the techniques used for building electromagnetic cavities, it is now possible to couple cavities with nanocircuits merging the fields of quantum optics and nanoelectronics.Not only that, but some experiments also reported the possibility to use a scanning tunneling microscope as a plasmonic cavity coupled with electronic transport. In this thesis a theoretical framework is proposed, based on mesoscopic quantum electrodynamics, for studying the coupling between electronic transport in a molecular junction and the electromagnetic field of a cavity. This thesis focuses on the sequential tunneling regime for the electrons and use density matrix approach. This allows to derive the master equation as well as a computational scheme to compute electronic current and the photon statistic when it is not possible to obtain analytical results. First, a single–level model for the molecule in the junction is studied. Indeed the electronic current induces a fluctuation of the charge on the molecule that couples with the electromagnetic field in the cavity. The investigations on this system are done in the experimentally relevant limit of large damping rate κ for the cavity mode and arbitrary strong light–matter coupling strength. This model shows the equivalence between the electron–photon coupling for a single level and the electron– phonon coupling that has long been studied in nanoelectronics known as the Franck–Condon principle. The current–voltage characteristics show steps, each separated by the energy of a photon, as the electron tunneling dissipate some energy in the cavity mode. In this work a formula has been derived for the electronic current taking into account the damping of the cavity. This allows to show that the width of the current’s steps are controlled by κ rather than the temperature. The single-level junction shows interesting light–emission regimes. At large bias voltage this theory predicts strong photon bunching of the order κ/Γ where Γ is the electronic tunneling rate. However, at the first inelastic threshold the theory predicts current–driven non–classical light emission from the single–level junction. Finally the investigation of the effect of a strong external drive of the cavity on the electronic current shows a quantization of the current that is linked to the Franck–Condon effect. Finally the theory is applied to a double–level model for the molecular junction inspired by quantum optics. In this scenario, the cavity mode couples to the electronic transition between the two states of the molecule. The effect of the charge fluctuations for each single electronic level is neglected. Therefore the coupling is a dipolar coupling in this case. The focus is mainly on the weak coupling regime. The electronic current shows the Rabi splitting due to the hybridization of the cavity mode and the molecule. Electronic tunneling can occur into these hybridized states and is responsible for light emission in the cavity in a iii single tunneling process. Light antibunching is seen in the weak coupling regime since our model predicts that only single photon emission is possible during a tunneling event in this case. Though the intermediate coupling regime is only briefly treated, the strong coupling regime is shown to be similar to two independent single level
El estudio de las interacciones entre luz y materia ha atraído un interés creciente a lo largo de los años. La mejora de las técnicas de fabricación de las cavidades electromagnéticas permite hoy conjugar las cavidades con nanocircuitos, combinando así los campos de la óptica cuántica y de la nanoelectrónica. Se añade a eso la posibilidad de usar un microscopio con efecto túnel a modo de cavidad plasmónica combinada con el transporte electrónico que fue demostrado en numerosas experiencias. Esa tesis propone un cuadro teórico basado en la electrodinámica mesoscópica, permitiendo el estudio de la combinación del transporte electrónico dentro de una unión molecular con el campo electromagnético de una cavidad. El foco se centra en el régimen túnel secuencial de los electrones, a cual está apto el uso de la matriz densidad para los cálculos. Ese régimen permite establecer ecuaciones claves que rigen el desarrollo temporal de la matriz densidad, tal como un esquema de cálculo numérico de la corriente electrónica y de la estadística de los fotones en la cavidad cuando no es posible obtener un resultado analítico. Primero se estudia un modelo de un solo nivel electrónico para la molécula. En efecto, la existencia de una corriente electrónica significa que la carga en la molécula fluctúa y esa fluctuación se combina con el campo electromagnético de la cavidad. El estudio de ese sistema se hace en el limite, experimentalmente pertinente, del ratio alto de la amortiguación κ del modo de la cavidad y del acoplo luz–materia arbitrariamente alto. Ese modelo demuestra la equivalencia del acoplo electrón– fotón para un nivel electrónico y el acoplo electrón–fonón que se ha estudiado desde hace mucho tiempo en el campo de la nanoelectrónica bajo el nombre del principio de Franck–Condon. La característica corriente– tensión del circuito hace aparecer una evolución de escalones, cada uno separado por la energía de un fotón. Eso corresponde a una disipación de energía por parte de los electrones al modo de la cavidad durante el proceso de transporte. En ese trabajo se derivó una ecuación para la corriente electrónica que toma en cuenta el efecto de la amortiguación de la cavidad. Esto demuestra que la anchura de los saltos en la corriente está controlada por κ más que por la temperatura. El modelo de un solo nivel muestra también regímenes inesperados de emisión de luz. En el límite de voltaje alto entre los electrodos de la unión molecular, la teoría predice una agrupación («bunching») de los fotones emitidos dentro de la cavidad. La correlación entre dos fotones emitidos alcanza un valor del orden de κ/Γ donde Γ es el ratio de tunelamiento de los electrones. Sin embargo, en el primer umbral de transferencia inelástica esa teoría iv predice una emisión de luz no-clásica provocada por la corriente electrónica. Por fin, el estudio del impacto de una fuerte excitación externa del modo de la cavidad muestra también una cuantización de la corriente relacionada al efecto Franck–Condon. Finalmente, la teoría desarrollada en esta tesis está aplicada también a una unión molecular de dos niveles electrónicos inspirada de la óptica cuántica. En ese escenario el modo de la cavidad está acoplado con la transición electrónica entre dos orbitales moleculares. El efecto de fluctuaciones de carga en cada orbital no se tiene en cuenta. Entonces en ese marco el acoplo es solo dipolar. Se centra la atención principalmente en el régimen del acoplo débil. La corriente electrónica muestra la huella de oscilaciones de Rabi como resultado de la hibridación del modo de la cavidad con la molécula. El transporte de electrones se puede ocurrir mediante estos estados híbridos. Entonces el traslado de un único electrón es responsable de la emisión de un fotón en la cavidad. Se observa el desagrupamiento («anti-bunching») de la luz emitida
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Linsefors, Linda. "Multi-photon emission in QED with strong background fields." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-56265.

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In recent and upcoming years new lasers are being constructed withever higher intensity. These lasers open up the possibility of probingthe high intensity regime of particle physics, which will lead to etherconrming our current models in this regime or the discovery of beyondstandard model physics. However most previous theoretical results in thisarea are based old assumptions about the intensity and shape of the laserpulse that are no longer valid. In this thesis we calculate the tree-levelprobabilities for multi photon emission from an electron propagating inan arbitrary plane wave electromagnetic eld. We show that the classicallimit of our result agrees with the purely classical description of the sameevent. We calculate the soft emission correction to non-linear Comptonscattering. We conclude that our results are infrared divergent and arguethat this will be solved by including loop contributions to the process. Ourresults provide an important component for the theoretical predictions forthe outcome of scattering experiments in high intensity background eld.This thesis will add to the understanding of high intensity QED.
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Downes, A. R. "Photon emission from metals in the Scanning Tunnelling Microscope." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598626.

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The Scanning Tunnelling Microscope is an established surface science tool, combining unprecedented resolution with real space mapping. One of its major drawbacks, however, is that it gives no chemical information, but Photon Emission is able to probe the inelastic channel, which for metals contain invaluable chemical information. It has already been shown that flat metal surfaces produce differing emission spectra. Real surfaces may not be flat, so it is important to known how curvature changes the yield of photons, and the emission spectrum. For this reason, a two sphere model was developed. The mechanism for Photon Emission, that of excitation of localised surface plasmons followed by either radiation or dielectric loss, was split into separate problems so that the dependence of the overall photon emission on materials and curvature is clear. Experiments were performed on small silver particles, and for what was later believed to be a silver tip it was found that the Photon Emission was approximately proportional to both the tin and particle radius. Light emission was observed from clusters containing as few as ˜30 atoms, and the first chemically specific photon maps were presented, which distinguished silver particles from carbide deposits. Emission was also seen on the Si(111)-7x7 surface. The new theory compared well with spectra from flat surfaces, and when extended to two spheres it also showed that the Photon Emission was approximately proportional to both the tip and particle radius. It was predicted that the onset of emission would occur at a lower tip bias for gold particles than for silver particles, and this was confirmed experimentally. Metal-specific spectra will be produced if the plasmon modes do not move in energy when curvature varies, staying close to the travelling surface plasmon energy. This should occur for small radius tips and particles, and the movement of modes should be reduced for tungsten tips.
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Books on the topic "Photon emission"

1

Grimes, Dale M. Photon creation - annihilation: Continuum electromagnetic theory. Singapore: World Scientific, 2012.

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J, English Robert. SPECT: Single-photon emission computed tomography : a primer. New York, NY: Society of Nuclear Medicine, 1986.

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1949-, Brown Susan E., ed. SPECT: Single-photon emission computed tomography : a primer. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Society of Nuclear Medicine, 1990.

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Nilsen, Heidi. Imaging photon emission spectroscopy of food material. Aachen: Shaker, 1996.

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Russia) Alexander Gurwitsch Conference (2nd 1999 Moscow. Biophotonics and coherent systems: Proceedings of the 2nd Alexander Gurwitsch Conference, and additional contributions. Moscow: Moscow University Press, 2000.

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Volodyaev, Ilya, Eduard van Wijk, Michal Cifra, and Yury A. Vladimirov, eds. Ultra-Weak Photon Emission from Biological Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39078-4.

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H, Cox Peter, and Pillay M, eds. The clinical applications of SPET. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.

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1962-, Wernick Miles N., and Aarsvold John N, eds. Emission tomography: The fundamentals of PET and SPECT. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press, 2004.

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Chim, Wai Kin. Semiconductor device and failue analysis: Using photon emission microscopy. Chichester, [England]: Wiley, 2000.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. X-ray inverse Compton emission from the radio halo of M87: A thesis in astronomy. [University Park, Pa.]: Pennsylvania State University, The Graduate School, Dept. of Astronomy, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Photon emission"

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Volodyaev, Ilya, and Yury A. Vladimirov. "Physics of Photon Emission." In Ultra-Weak Photon Emission from Biological Systems, 61–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39078-4_5.

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Geaney, D. P. "Single Photon Emission Tomography." In Dementia, 437–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6805-6_25.

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Harmon, David, Sumayya J. Almarzouqi, Michael L. Morgan, and Andrew G. Lee. "Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography." In Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35951-4_1282-1.

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Saha, Gopal B. "Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography." In Physics and Radiobiology of Nuclear Medicine, 153–81. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36281-6_12.

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Zasler, Nathan D., and Paul E. Kaplan. "Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 3189–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_72.

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Karnabi, Eddy. "Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography." In Cardiology Procedures, 71–79. London: Springer London, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-7290-1_8.

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Morgan, Michael M., MacDonald J. Christie, Luis De Lecea, Jason C. G. Halford, Josee E. Leysen, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, et al. "Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 1238. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_3573.

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Morgan, Michael M., MacDonald J. Christie, Luis De Lecea, Jason C. G. Halford, Josee E. Leysen, Warren H. Meck, Catalin V. Buhusi, et al. "Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPET)." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 1238. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_3574.

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Zasler, Nathan D., and Paul E. Kaplan. "Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_72-2.

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Murashita, Tooru. "STM-Induced Photon Emission Spectroscopy." In Roadmap of Scanning Probe Microscopy, 63–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34315-8_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Photon emission"

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Desplats, Romain, Alban Eral, Felix Beaudoin, Philippe Perdu, Alain Chion, Ketan Shah, and Ted Lundquist. "IC Diagnostic with Time Resolved Photon Emission and CAD Auto-Channeling." In ISTFA 2003. ASM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2003p0045.

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Abstract The use of time resolved photon emission (TRPE) to compare internal measurements with simulations can dramatically reduce the time required for IC analysis. During debug, this technique makes it possible to probe only transistors of interest. Two limitations must be overcome: precise location of transistor photon emission areas and distinction between photons emitted by closely spaced transistors. Otherwise results may be seriously biased. Introducing CAD auto-channeling for TRPE makes it possible to generate virtual layers where emissions are expected. As a result, transistor TRPE areas can be automatically located and emission from nearby transistors is taken into account, thus significantly reducing the duration of IC analysis.
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Jørgensen, Mads A., Ehsan Amooghorban, Devashish Pandey, Sanshui Xiao, Nicolas Stenger, and Martijn Wubs. "Collective Photon Emission and Photon Propagation in Layered Photonic Environments." In 2023 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eucap57121.2023.10133534.

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Song, Zhigang, Franco Stellari, and Phong Tran. "Photon Emission Intensity Analysis for Leakage Source Identification." In ISTFA 2023. ASM International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2023p0151.

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Abstract Photon Emission Microscopy (PEM) is a popular technique for microelectronics failure analysis by detecting the photon emission from a defective circuit, when a failing device is electrically exercised at certain voltage. The photon emission contains physical location information, photon emission spectral information and photon emission intensity information. People often use the physical location information to localize a defective circuit and guide the follow-up physical failure analysis to find the defects. However, this procedure does not always work. Sometimes, it shows no defect found (NDF). In this paper, we propose a new computer vision-based analysis of the photon emission intensity for identifying the root cause of the excessively high IDDQ at elevated Vdds. The procedure includes collecting photon emissions at different Vdds and a follow-up photon emission intensity analysis with computer vision techniques. The procedure was applied on a case of microprocessor chip. After analyzing the dependencies of photon emission intensity on Vdd for 4 types of circuits, it was concluded that the SRAM circuit leakage is the root cause of the excessively high IDDQ at elevated Vdd.
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Isakov, D. V., B. W. M. Tan, J. C. H. Phang, Y. C. Yeo, A. A. B. Tio, Y. Zhang, T. Geinzer, and L. J. Balk. "Applications of Scanning Near-Field Photon Emission Microscopy." In ISTFA 2008. ASM International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2008p0025.

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Abstract In this paper, the application of scanning near-field photon emission microscopy for imaging photon emission sites is demonstrated. Photon emissions generated by a Fin-FET test structure with one metallization layer are imaged with spatial resolution of 50 nm using scattering dialectic probe. The potential applications and limitations of the technique are discussed.
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Stellari, Franco, Ernest Y. Wu, Takashi Ando, Martin M. Frank, and Peilin Song. "Photon Emission Microscopy of HfO2 ReRAM Cells." In ISTFA 2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2021p0115.

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Abstract In this paper, we discuss the use of spontaneous photon emission microscopy (PEM) for observing filaments formed in HfO2 resistive random access memory (ReRAM) cells. The setup employs a CCD and an InGaAs camera, revealing photon emissions in both forward (set) and reverse (reset) bias conditions. Photon emission intensity is modeled using an electric-field equation and inter-filament distance and density are determined assuming a uniform spatial distribution. The paper also discusses the use of high frame rate and prolonged photon emission measurements to assess lifetime and reliability and explains how single filament fluctuations and multiple filaments in a single cell were observed for the first time.
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Wang, L. J., X. Y. Zou, and L. Mandel. "Direct measurement of stimulated emission in two-photon downconversion." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.ml1.

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Measurements have been made of the rate at which signal photons are produced in a nonlinear crystal in the process of parametric downconversion, when a coherent light beam from a He:Ne laser is injected into the crystal in the direction of the conjugate-idler photons. The latter provides a stimulating field for the downconversion. When the phase matching condition inside the nonlinear medium is satisfied, the rate of downconversion is enhanced by the presence of the He–Ne laser beam by a factor of the form 1 + βIi, where li is the intensity of the He:Ne laser beam. The effect of defocusing either the pump beam or the He–Ne idler beam is investigated. Possible use of this phenomenon to study the photon amplifier with single-photon input will be discussed.
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Addepalli, Lavakumar, and P. K. Pathak. "Multi-photon Lasing in the Incoherently Driven Two Quantum Dots-Cavity System." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2023.jm7a.117.

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We show the multi-photon emission into cavity mode in the incoherently pumped two quantum dots coupled to single mode photonic-crystal cavity and studied the effect of exciton-phonon interaction using polaron transformation technique.
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Yorulmaz, S. C., M. P. van Exter, and M. J. A. de Dood. "Four-Photon Stimulated Emission." In Quantum Information and Measurement. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/qim.2014.qw4a.3.

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Kim, Kyu Young, Christopher J. K. Richardson, Edo Waks, and Je-Hyung Kim. "Temporal mode shaping of single photons from a solid-state quantum emitter." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2022.jtu3a.4.

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Through multi-exciton cascade recombination in a quantum dot and engineered Purcell effect in a photonic crystal cavity, we demonstrate the single-photon emission with Gaussian-like spatial and temporal modes and temporally purify single photons from background emission.
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Carmichael, Howard J. "Antibunched light source using cavity-enhanced emission." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.mm5.

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Among the novel sources of nonclassical light that have recently been studied are a number of novel lasers. Conventional laser theory describes a classical stochastic field. I show that with a change in the standard operating conditions the conventional laser model produces nonclassical fields. Deviations from the classical description in standard laser theory are small by some inverse power of the threshold photon number. Operating conditions are designed to make stimulated emission dominant; thus laser cavities are good cavities that store photons and give a high threshold photon number. Low threshold photon numbers are achieved in bad cavities and most readily in a single-atom bad-cavity system. Such a system trades phase coherence for reduced intensity noise.
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Reports on the topic "Photon emission"

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Asenath-Smith, Emily, Emma Ambrogi, Lee Moores, Stephen Newman, and Jonathon Brame. Leveraging chemical actinometry and optical radiometry to reduce uncertainty in photochemical research. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42080.

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Subtle aspects of illumination sources and their characterization methods can introduce significant uncertainty into the data gathered from light-activated experiments, limiting their reproducibility and technology transition. Degradation kinetics of methyl orange (MO) and carbamazepine (CM) under illumination with TiO₂ were used as a case study for investigating the role of incident photon flux on photocatalytic degradation rates. Valerophenone and ferrioxalate actinometry were paired with optical radiometry in three different illumination systems: xenon arc (XE), tungsten halogen (W-H), and UV fluorescent (UV-F). Degradation rate constants for MO and CM varied similarly among the three light systems as k W-H < kiv-F < kXE, implying the same relative photon flux emission by each light. However, the apparent relative photon flux emitted by the different lights varied depending on the light characterization method. This discrepancy is shown to be caused by the spectral distribution present in light emission profiles, as well as absorption behavior of chemical actinometers and optical sensors. Data and calculations for the determination of photon flux from chemical and calibrated optical light characterization is presented, allowing us to interpret photo-degradation rate constants as a function of incident photon flux. This approach enabled the derivation of a calibrated ‘rate-flux’ metric for evaluating and translating data from photocatalysis studies.
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Sarid, D., Ting Chen, S. Howells, P. Pax, and M. Gallagher. Study of Photon Emission from Microstructures Using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada250780.

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Jaszczak, R. SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) assay of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7100325.

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Shields, John Michael. The Search for the Emission of a CP-Violating E1 Photon in the KL → π+π-γ Decay. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/875573.

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Hassanzadeh, Sara, Sina Neshat, Afshin Heidari, and Masoud Moslehi. Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in the Era of COVID-19. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0063.

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Abstract:
Review question / Objective: This review studies all aspects of myocardial perfusion imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography (MPI SPECT) after the COVID-19 pandemic. Condition being studied: Many imaging modalities have been reduced after the COVID-19 pandemic. Our focus in this review is to see if the number of MPIs is lowered or not and, if so, why. Furthermore, it is possible that a combination of CT attenuation correction and MPI could yield findings. In this study, we'll also look for these probable findings. Third, we know from previous studies that COVID might cause cardiac injuries in some people. Since MPI is a cardiovascular imaging technique, it might shows those injuries. So we'll review articles to find out in patients with active COVID infection, long COVID, or previous COVID cases what findings in MPI those cardiac injuries can cause.
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Sabri, Mahshad, Yasaman Hosseini, and Roya Sani. The Additive Prognostic Value of Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) on Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis PROTOCOL. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0073.

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Norris, David J., Andreas Stein, and Steven M. George. Modification of Thermal Emission via Metallic Photonic Crystals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1046967.

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Peng, Lili. Absorption and emission properties of photonic crystals and metamaterials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/972076.

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Hanna, C. B., E. S. Hellman, and R. B. Laughlin. Mechanism of current modulation by optic phonon emission in heterojunction tunneling experiments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5112878.

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Drummond, J. L., A. D. Steinberg, and A. R. Krauss. X-ray photo-emission and energy dispersive spectroscopy of HA coated titanium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/510589.

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