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Journal articles on the topic 'Photon framework'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Dovlatova, Alla, and Dmitri Yerchuck. "Quantum Field Theory of Dynamics of Spectroscopic Transitions by Strong Dipole-Photon and Dipole-Phonon Coupling." ISRN Optics 2012 (December 12, 2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/390749.

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Matrix-operator difference-differential equations for dynamics of spectroscopic transitions in 1D multiqubit exchange-coupled (para)magnetic and optical systems by strong dipole-photon and dipole-phonon coupling are derived within the framework of quantum field theory. It has been established that by strong dipole-photon and dipole-phonon coupling the formation of long-lived coherent system of the resonance phonons takes place, and relaxation processes acquire pure quantum character. It is determined by the appearance of coherent emission process of EM-field energy, for which the resonance phonon system is responsible. Emission process is accompanied by phonon Rabi quantum oscillation, which can be time-shared from photon quantum Rabi oscillations, accompanying coherent absorption process of EM-field energy. For the case of radio spectroscopy, it corresponds to the possibility of the simultaneous observation along with (para)magntic spin resonance, the acoustic spin resonance.

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2

Getahun, Solomon. "Entanglement formulation in the framework of electrically pumped laser cavity." International Journal of Modern Physics B 30, no. 06 (March 10, 2016): 1650024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979216500247.

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We analyze electrically pumped atomic cavity coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoirs via a single-port mirror whose open cavity contains N nondegenerate three-level cascade atoms. We carry out our analysis by putting the noise operators associated with a vacuum reservoir in normal order. It is found that unlike the mean photon number, the quadrature squeezing and the degree of entanglement do not depend on the number of atoms. This implies that the quadrature squeezing and the degree of entanglement of the cavity light do not depend on the number of photons. We have also shown that the light generated by the three-level laser is in a squeezed and entangled state, with maximum quadrature squeezing and degree of entanglement being 50%. Moreover, the mean photon number of the system in which the laser operating at threshold and above threshold does not depend on the spontaneous decay constant.

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3

Yu, Jiancan, Yuanjing Cui, Chuan-De Wu, Yu Yang, Banglin Chen, and Guodong Qian. "Two-Photon Responsive Metal–Organic Framework." Journal of the American Chemical Society 137, no. 12 (March 23, 2015): 4026–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja512552g.

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Juntunen, Mikael A. K., Satu I. Inkinen, Juuso H. Ketola, Antti Kotiaho, Matti Kauppinen, Alexander Winkler, and Miika T. Nieminen. "Framework for Photon Counting Quantitative Material Decomposition." IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 39, no. 1 (January 2020): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2019.2914370.

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5

Sun, Chun-Yi, Wai-Pong To, Xin-Long Wang, Kaai-Tung Chan, Zhong-Min Su, and Chi-Ming Che. "Metal–organic framework composites with luminescent gold(iii) complexes. Strongly emissive and long-lived excited states in open air and photo-catalysis." Chemical Science 6, no. 12 (2015): 7105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc02216a.

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Encapsulation of luminescent gold(iii) complexes by metal–organic frameworks results in enhanced phosphorescence in open air, solid state two-photon-induced phosphorescence, and reusable photo-catalysts under aerobic conditions.

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6

CHAKRABARTY, SOMENATH, SIBAJI RAHA, and BIKASH SINHA. "PRE-EQUILIBRIUM PRODUCTION OF PHOTONS AND LEPTONS IN RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 07, no. 11 (April 10, 1992): 927–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392000823.

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Within the framework of a model similar to Brownian motion in a thermal bath where gluons equilibrate at times earlier than the quarks, it is argued that simultaneous observation of inclusive photons and photon pairs provides a ‘clue’ to the collective distribution of glue in an extended space-time regime.

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LIPPERT, THOMAS, JOACHIM THIEL, NORBERT GRÜN, and WERNER SCHEID. "COHERENCE AND INCOHERENCE IN THE PHOTON AND DILEPTON PRODUCTION BY BREMSSTRAHLUNG IN RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 06, no. 29 (December 10, 1991): 5249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9100246x.

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Due to the strong collective deceleration during the initial stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the nuclear matter irradiates real and virtual bremsstrahlung. We describe the process of bremsstrahlung emission in the framework of a semiclassical model in order to study coherence and incoherence effects in the production process. Guided by the intuitive notation of shock fronts being formed between the incident nuclei, we use a simple parametrization of the nuclear current density. The photon spectrum is studied up to photon energies of 300 MeV. In particular, a gradual transition from the coherent production process of low-energy photons to the incoherent one for hard photons is demonstrated. For heavy collision systems coherence effects in the photon spectra dominate, showing characteristic structures arising from shock fronts. The dilepton spectrum is described in first-order perturbation theory. Generally, dileptons are found to be produced incoherently. Only in the case of dielectron production with small invariant pair masses do moderate coherence effects survive.

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8

Fischer, Kevin A., Rahul Trivedi, Vinay Ramasesh, Irfan Siddiqi, and Jelena Vučković. "Scattering into one-dimensional waveguides from a coherently-driven quantum-optical system." Quantum 2 (May 28, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2018-05-28-69.

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We develop a new computational tool and framework for characterizing the scattering of photons by energy-nonconserving Hamiltonians into unidirectional (chiral) waveguides, for example, with coherent pulsed excitation. The temporal waveguide modes are a natural basis for characterizing scattering in quantum optics, and afford a powerful technique based on a coarse discretization of time. This overcomes limitations imposed by singularities in the waveguide-system coupling. Moreover, the integrated discretized equations can be faithfully converted to a continuous-time result by taking the appropriate limit. This approach provides a complete solution to the scattered photon field in the waveguide, and can also be used to track system-waveguide entanglement during evolution. We further develop a direct connection between quantum measurement theory and evolution of the scattered field, demonstrating the correspondence between quantum trajectories and the scattered photon state. Our method is most applicable when the number of photons scattered is known to be small, i.e. for a single-photon or photon-pair source. We illustrate two examples: analytical solutions for short laser pulses scattering off a two-level system and numerically exact solutions for short laser pulses scattering off a spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) or spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) source. Finally, we note that our technique can easily be extended to systems with multiple ground states and generalized scattering problems with both finite photon number input and coherent state drive, potentially enhancing the understanding of, e.g., light-matter entanglement and photon phase gates.

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9

Kruse, Michael K. G., and Carlos A. Iglesias. "Two-photon absorption framework for plasma transmission experiments." High Energy Density Physics 31 (April 2019): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hedp.2019.02.004.

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10

Zhang, Liang, Yi Zhou, Mei Jia, Yiwen He, Wei Hu, Qi Liu, Jing Li, et al. "Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Two-Photon Absorption." Matter 2, no. 4 (April 2020): 1049–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2020.01.019.

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11

Roy, Indranil, Subhadip Goswami, Ryan M. Young, Itai Schlesinger, Mohammad Rasel Mian, Alan E. Enciso, Xuan Zhang, et al. "Photon Upconversion in a Glowing Metal–Organic Framework." Journal of the American Chemical Society 143, no. 13 (March 29, 2021): 5053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c00298.

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12

Rituraj, Meir Orenstein, and Shanhui Fan. "Scattering of a single plasmon polariton by multiple atoms for in-plane control of light." Nanophotonics 10, no. 1 (August 28, 2020): 579–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0340.

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AbstractWe study the interaction of a single photon in a surface plasmon polariton mode with multiple atoms. We propose a system of two atoms to achieve a tunable scattering from subscattering to superscattering regimes by changing the angle of the incident photon. We also demonstrate a perfect electromagnetically-induced transparency using two atoms with two-level structures. The proposed framework is efficiently scalable to a system with a large number of atoms and opens up the possibility of designing novel atom-based optical devices. We design an atomically thin parabolic mirror to focus single photons and form a quantum mirage in a cavity built from atoms.

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13

YAN, MU-LIN, NENG-CHAO XIAO, WEI HUANG, and SEN HU. "SUPERLUMINAL NEUTRINOS FROM SPECIAL RELATIVITY WITH DE SITTER SPACETIME SYMMETRY." Modern Physics Letters A 27, no. 14 (May 5, 2012): 1250076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732312500769.

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We explore the recent OPERA experiment of superluminal neutrinos in the framework of special relativity with de Sitter spacetime symmetry (dS-SR). According to Einstein, a photon is treated as a massless particle in the framework of special relativity. In special relativity (SR) we have the universal parameter c, the photon velocity c photon and the phase velocity of a light wave in vacuum c wave = λν. Due to the null experiments of Michelson–Morley we have c = c wave . The parameter c photon is determined by the Noether charges corresponding to the spacetime symmetries of SR. In Einstein's special relativity (E-SR) we have c = c photon . In dS-SR, i.e. the special relativity with SO(4, 1) de Sitter spacetime symmetry, we have c photon > c. In this paper, the OPERA datum are examined in the framework of dS-SR. We show that OPERA anomaly is in agreement with the prediction of dS-SR with R≃1.95×1012 l.y. Based on the p-E relation of dS-SR, we also prove that the Cohen and Glashow's argument of possible superluminal neutrino's Cherenkov-like radiation is forbidden. We conclude that OPERA and ICARUS results are consistent and they are explained in the dS-SR framework.

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14

Van Assche, Frederic, Sander Vanheule, Luc Van Hoorebeke, and Matthieu N. Boone. "The Spectral X-ray Imaging Data Acquisition (SpeXIDAQ) Framework." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020563.

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Photon counting X-ray imagers have found their way into the mainstream scientific community in recent years, and have become important components in many scientific setups. These camera systems are in active development, with output data rates increasing significantly with every new generation of devices. A different class of PCD (Photon Counting Detector) devices has become generally available, where camera data output is no longer a matrix of photon counts but instead direct measurements of the deposited charge per pixel in every frame, which requires significant off-camera processing. This type of PCD, called a hyperspectral X-ray camera due to its fully spectroscopic output, yet again increases the demands put on the acquisition and processing backend. Not only are bandwidth requirements increased, but the need to do extensive data processing is also introduced with these hyperspectral PCD devices. To cope with these new developments the Spectral X-ray Imaging Data Acquisition framework (SpeXIDAQ) has been developed. All aspects of the imaging pipeline are handled by the SpeXIDAQ framework: from detector control and frame grabbing, to processing, storage and live visualisation during experiments.

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15

NI, WEI-TOU, HSIEN-HAO MEI, and SHAN-JYUN WU. "FOUNDATIONS OF CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS, EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE AND COSMIC INTERACTIONS: A SHORT EXPOSITION AND AN UPDATE." Modern Physics Letters A 28, no. 03 (January 23, 2013): 1340013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732313400130.

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We look at the foundations of electromagnetism in this 1st LeCosPA Symposium. For doing this, after some review (constraints on photon mass etc.), we use two approaches. The first one is to formulate a Parametrized Post-Maxwellian (PPM) framework to include QED corrections and a pseudoscalar photon interaction. PPM framework includes lowest corrections to unified electromagnetism-gravity theories based on connection approach. It may also overlap with corrections implemented from generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) when electromagnetism-gravity coupling is considered. We discuss various vacuum birefringence experiments — ongoing and proposed — to measure these parameters. The second approach — the χ-g framework is to look at electromagnetism in gravity and various experiments and observations to determine its empirical foundation. The SME (Standard Model Extension) and SMS (Standard Model Supplement) overlap with the χ-g framework in their photon sector. We found that the foundation is solid with the only exception of a potentially possible pseudoscalar-photon interaction. We discussed its experimental constraints and look forward to more future experiments.

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16

PIOTTO, ENRICO. "SEARCH FOR SGOLDSTINO IN e+e- COLLISIONS AT $\sqrt{S}$ FROM 189 TO 202 GEV WITH THE DELPHI EXPERIMENT." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, supp01b (September 2001): 790–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01008102.

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Recent theoretical studies have proposed new phenomenological scenarios where the gravitino is light and the sgoldstino can be light and so be detectable at LEP. A novelty of this framework is that the sgoldstino being a SM particle, its decay chains do not involve other supersymmetric particles, like the LSP (lightest supersymmetric particle), which could escape detection and lead to final states with missing energy. A search for sgoldstino has been performed, for the first time, in DELPHI. At LEP2 sgoldstinos are mainly produced accompanied by a photon. This process is followed by S decay into two gluons or two photons, leading to final states with three photons or two jets and one photon. Sgoldstino phenomenology, production mechanisms, the decay chains and the particle width, will be discussed. Since no evidence for this particle has been found, the limits on parameter space have been set.

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17

Gomonai, Aleksandr, Eugene Remeta, and Anna Gomonai. "Three-Photon Ionization with One-Photon Resonance between Excited Levels." Atoms 9, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms9030068.

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Within the framework of a three-level model, the process of three-photon ionization with one-photon resonance between two excited levels (with the lower one being initially unpopulated) is considered using the density matrix method. It is shown that such resonance can result in the appearance of a maximum in the three-photon ionization spectrum when detuning between the resonance wavenumber and the wavenumber of the transition responsible for the lower excited level being populated exceeds the laser radiation linewidth by more than three orders of magnitude.

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18

Meinardi, F., M. Ballabio, N. Yanai, N. Kimizuka, A. Bianchi, M. Mauri, R. Simonutti, A. Ronchi, M. Campione, and A. Monguzzi. "Quasi-thresholdless Photon Upconversion in Metal–Organic Framework Nanocrystals." Nano Letters 19, no. 3 (February 6, 2019): 2169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00543.

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19

Hachisuka, Toshiya, Wojciech Jarosz, and Henrik Wann Jensen. "A progressive error estimation framework for photon density estimation." ACM Transactions on Graphics 29, no. 6 (December 2010): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1882261.1866170.

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20

Fix, Michael K., Peter Manser, Daniel Frei, Werner Volken, Roberto Mini, and Ernst J. Born. "An efficient framework for photon Monte Carlo treatment planning." Physics in Medicine and Biology 52, no. 19 (September 14, 2007): N425—N437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/52/19/n01.

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21

Chai, Xudan, Yi-Ping Lu, Xiao-Xiao Chen, Xian Wei, and Qing Zhao. "Two-photon state reconstruction with an adaptive tomographic framework." Optik 244 (October 2021): 166623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.166623.

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22

Berrada, K., and H. Eleuch. "Measure of non-Gaussianity for photon-added nonlinear coherent states." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 15, no. 09 (August 8, 2018): 1850158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021988781850158x.

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In this paper, we study the non-Gaussian character in generalized coherent states in the framework of a noncommutative space by adding photons to deformed coherent states, which is called the photon-added nonlinear coherent states (PANCSs). We find that the non-Gaussianity of PANCSs is enhanced with the increase of the photon-added number and it increases monotonically with the amplitude of the coherent states. Interestingly, we obtain that the maximal value of non-Gaussianity measure occurs at a certain critical value of the coherent state amplitude, where this critical value is determined by the kind of the deformation. Using the Mandel’s parameter, we examine the statistical properties for the PANCSs and show that the Mandel’s parameter may take positive and negative values depending on the choice of the amplitude and deformation parameter, exhibiting sub-Poissonian distribution and super-Poissonian distribution.

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23

So, Monica C., Gary P. Wiederrecht, Joseph E. Mondloch, Joseph T. Hupp, and Omar K. Farha. "Metal–organic framework materials for light-harvesting and energy transfer." Chemical Communications 51, no. 17 (2015): 3501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc09596k.

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24

Mayer, David C., Jan K. Zarȩba, Gabriele Raudaschl-Sieber, Alexander Pöthig, Marta Chołuj, Robert Zaleśny, Marek Samoć, and Roland A. Fischer. "Postsynthetic Framework Contraction Enhances the Two-Photon Absorption Properties of Pillar-Layered Metal–Organic Frameworks." Chemistry of Materials 32, no. 13 (June 9, 2020): 5682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c01417.

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25

Creaner, Oisín, Simon Blyth, Sam Eriksen, Lisa Gerhardt, Maria Elena Monzani, and Quentin Riffard. "GPU simulation with Opticks: The future of optical simulations for LZ." EPJ Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 03037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125103037.

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The LZ collaboration aims to directly detect dark matter by using a liquid xenon Time Projection Chamber (TPC). In order to probe the dark matter signal, observed signals are compared with simulations that model the detector response. The most computationally expensive aspect of these simulations is the propagation of photons in the detector’s sensitive volume. For this reason, we propose to offload photon propagation modelling to the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), by integrating Opticks into the LZ simulations workflow. Opticks is a system which maps Geant4 geometry and photon generation steps to NVIDIA’s OptiX GPU raytracing framework. This paradigm shift could simultaneously achieve a massive speed-up and an increase in accuracy for LZ simulations. By using the technique of containerization through Shifter, we will produce a portable system to harness the NERSC supercomputing facilities, including the forthcoming Perlmutter supercomputer, and enable the GPU processing to handle different detector configurations. Prior experience with using Opticks to simulate JUNO indicates the potential for speed-up factors over 1000× for LZ, and by extension other experiments requiring photon propagation simulations.

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26

OKUN, L. B. "LEPTONIC PHOTON AND LIGHT ELEMENT ABUNDANCIES." Modern Physics Letters A 11, no. 38 (December 14, 1996): 3041–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732396003015.

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27

MERTELJ, T., M. HROVAT, D. KUSCER, and D. MIHAILOVIC. "PHOTOINDUCED IR ABSORPTION IN AMnO3 AS A FUNCTION OF THE A SITE IONIC SPECIES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 14, no. 29n31 (December 20, 2000): 3590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979200004106.

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A comparison of photoinduced absorption spectra in AMnO 3 with A = La 3+, Nd 3+, Ca 2+ is presented. The spectra are analyzed in the framework of photon assisted polaron hopping. In contrast to LaMnO 3 and NdMnO 3 the photoinduced absorption spectrum of CaMnO 3 shows distinct contributions from photoexcited holes and electrons. Both contributions are identified, and our results imply that magnitude of electron-phonon coupling constant for electrons in Mn eg orbitals in CaMnO 3 is significantly smaller than in LaMnO 3.

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Valerio, Domenico, Nicolò Abrate, Sandra Dulla, Giuseppe Francesco Nallo, and Ravetto Piero. "COUPLED MODELLING OF THE EBR-II SHRT-45R INCLUDING PHOTON HEAT DEPOSITION." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 07014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124707014.

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The Fast REactor NEutronics/Thermal-hydraulICs (FRENETIC) code has been developed during the last years at Politecnico di Torino, implementing a full-core coupled neutronic/thermal-hydraulics model for steady-state and transient analysis of liquid-metal cooled fast breeder reactor (LMFBR). In the framework of the validation activities for the code, an analysis of the sodium-cooled reactor EBR-II, previously carried out in the frame of a IAEA Coordinated Research Project, is performed with FRENETIC including the most recent physics models. In particular, photon transport and heat deposition are taken into account, a feature which has been proved in previous studies to be relevant to the correct study of the EBR-II core. To this purpose, a set of nuclear data for photons has been generated by means of the Monte Carlo code Serpent-2, and it is demonstrated that the code is able to take into account the photon heat deposition in the EBR-II.

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MAVROMATOS, NICK E. "STRING QUANTUM GRAVITY, LORENTZ-INVARIANCE VIOLATION AND GAMMA RAY ASTRONOMY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, no. 30 (December 10, 2010): 5409–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10050792.

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In the first part of the review, I discuss ways of obtaining Lorentz-Invariance Violating (LIV) space–time foam in the modern context of string theory, involving brane world scenarios. The foamy structures are provided by lower-dimensional background brane defects in a D3-brane universe, whose density is a free parameter to be constrained phenomenologically. Such constraining can be provided by high energy gamma ray photon tests, including ultra-high energy/infrared photon–photon scattering. In the second part, I analyze the currently available data from MAGIC and FERMI telescopes on delayed cosmic photon arrivals in this context. It is understood of course that conventional astrophysics source effects, which currently are far from being understood, might be the dominant reason for the observed delayed arrivals. I also discuss how the stringent constraints from studies of synchrotron-radiation from distant Nebulae, absence of cosmic birefringence and nonobservation of ultra-high energy cosmic photons can be accommodated within the aforementioned stringy space–time foam model. I argue that, at least within the currently available sets of astrophysical data, the stringy foam model can avoid all theses constraints in a natural range of the string coupling and mass scale. The key features are: (i) transparency of the foam to electrons and charged probes in general, (ii) absence of birefringence effects and (iii) a breakdown of the local effective Lagrangian formalism. However, in order to accommodate, in this theoretical framework, the data of the FERMI satellite on the delayed arrival of photons from the short intense Gamma Ray Burst GRB 090510, in a way consistent with the findings of the MAGIC telescope, a nonuniform density of brane foam defects must be invoked.

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Şirvanlı, Berin Belma. "RareBs→γνν-Decay in Family NonuniversalZ′Model." Advances in High Energy Physics 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/298604.

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The rareBs→γνν-decay with polarized photon is studied in the framework of a family nonuniversalZ′model. The branching ratio and photon polarization asymmetry to the model parameters are calculated and compared with the Standard Model. Deviations from the Standard Model will indicate the presence of new physics.

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Langangen, Ø., A. Vaskinn, and B. S. Skagerstam. "Interference of Light in a Michelson-Morley Interferometer: A Quantum Optical Approach." International Journal of Optics 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/408067.

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The temporal coherence interference properties of light as revealed by single detector intensity measurements in a Michelson-Morley interferometer (MMI) is often described in terms of classical optics. We show, in a pedagogical manner, how such features of light also can be understood in terms of a more general quantum-optics framework. If a thermal reference source is used in the MMI local oscillator port in combination with a thermal source in the signal port, the interference pattern revealed by single detector intensity measurements shows a distinctive dependence on the differences in the temperature of the two sources. A related method has actually been used to perform high-precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation. The general quantum-optics framework allows us to consider any initialquantum state. As an example, we consider the interference of single photons as a tool to determine the peak angular-frequency of a single-photon pulse interfering with a single-photon reference pulse. A similar consideration for laser pulses, in terms of coherent states, leads to a different response in the detector. The MMI experimental setup is therefore an example of an optical device where one, in terms of intensity measurements, can exhibit the difference between classical and quantum-mechanical light.

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Chen, Xueli, Xinbo Gao, Xiaochao Qu, Duofang Chen, Bin Ma, Lin Wang, Kuan Peng, Jimin Liang, and Jie Tian. "Qualitative Simulation of Photon Transport in Free Space Based on Monte Carlo Method and Its Parallel Implementation." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2010 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/650298.

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During the past decade, Monte Carlo method has obtained wide applications in optical imaging to simulate photon transport process inside tissues. However, this method has not been effectively extended to the simulation of free-space photon transport at present. In this paper, a uniform framework for noncontact optical imaging is proposed based on Monte Carlo method, which consists of the simulation of photon transport both in tissues and in free space. Specifically, the simplification theory of lens system is utilized to model the camera lens equipped in the optical imaging system, and Monte Carlo method is employed to describe the energy transformation from the tissue surface to the CCD camera. Also, the focusing effect of camera lens is considered to establish the relationship of corresponding points between tissue surface and CCD camera. Furthermore, a parallel version of the framework is realized, making the simulation much more convenient and effective. The feasibility of the uniform framework and the effectiveness of the parallel version are demonstrated with a cylindrical phantom based on real experimental results.

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33

Blyth, Simon. "Integration of JUNO simulation framework with Opticks: GPU accelerated optical propagation via NVIDIA® OptiX™." EPJ Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125103009.

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Opticks is an open source project that accelerates optical photon simulation by integrating NVIDIA GPU ray tracing, accessed via NVIDIA OptiX, with Geant4 toolkit based simulations. A single NVIDIA Turing architecture GPU has been measured to provide optical photon simulation speedup factors exceeding 1500 times single threaded Geant4 with a full JUNO analytic GPU geometry automatically translated from the Geant4 geometry. Optical physics processes of scattering, absorption, scintillator reemission and boundary processes are implemented within CUDA OptiX programs based on the Geant4 implementations. Wavelength-dependent material and surface properties as well as inverse cumulative distribution functions for reemission are interleaved into GPU textures providing fast interpolated property lookup or wavelength generation. In this work we describe major recent developments to facilitate integration of Opticks with the JUNO simulation framework including on GPU collection effciency hit culling which substantially reduces both the CPU memory needed for photon hits and copying overheads. Also progress with the migration of Opticks to the all new NVIDIA OptiX 7 API is described.

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34

Arabzadeh, Sahar, and Kamran Kaviani. "Multiverse effects on the CMB angular correlation function in the framework of NCG." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 14, no. 04 (March 8, 2017): 1750054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887817500542.

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Following many theories that predict the existence of the multiverse and by conjecture that our space-time may have a generalized geometrical structure at the fundamental level, we are interested in using a non-commutative geometry (NCG) formalism to study a suggested two-layer space that contains our 4-dimensional (4D) universe and a re-derived photon propagator. It can be shown that the photon propagator and a cosmic microwave background (CMB) angular correlation function are comparable, and if there exists such a multiverse system, the distance between the two layers can be estimated to be within the observable universe’s radius. Furthermore, this study revealed that our results are not limited to CMB but can be applied to many other types of radiation, such as X-rays.

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35

LI, MINGHAI, and JUEPING LIU. "OFF-SHELL TWIST-FOUR PHOTON LIGHT-CONE WAVEFUNCTION FOR THE CHIRALITY-CONSERVING QUARK–ANTIQUARK VECTOR CURRENT IN THE LOW-ENERGY EFFECTIVE THEORY OF QCD." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 08 (September 2009): 1801–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309013853.

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Within the framework of the low-energy effective theory arising from the instanton vacuum model of QCD, the twist-four virtual photon wavefunction, gγ3(u, P2), corresponding to the nonlocal quark–antiquark vector current is calculated at the low-energy scale. The coupling constant, fγ(P2), of the quark–antiquark vector current to the virtual photon state is also obtained. The behavior of the coupling as well as the obtained photon wave function especially at the end points is discussed.

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36

Wang, Peng, Fang Zhou, Cheng Zhang, Sheng-Yan Yin, Lili Teng, Lanlan Chen, Xiao-Xiao Hu, Hong-Wen Liu, Xia Yin, and Xiao-Bing Zhang. "Ultrathin two-dimensional covalent organic framework nanoprobe for interference-resistant two-photon fluorescence bioimaging." Chemical Science 9, no. 44 (2018): 8402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc03393e.

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ALI, S. A., C. CAFARO, S. CAPOZZIELLO, and CH CORDA. "ABELIAN MAGNETIC MONOPOLES AND TOPOLOGICALLY MASSIVE VECTOR BOSONS IN SCALAR-TENSOR GRAVITY WITH TORSION POTENTIAL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 26 (October 20, 2008): 4315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08041438.

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A Lagrangian formulation describing the electromagnetic interaction — mediated by topologically massive vector bosons — between charged, spin-½ fermions with an Abelian magnetic monopole in a curved space–time with nonminimal coupling and torsion potential is presented. The covariant field equations are obtained. The issue of coexistence of massive photons and magnetic monopoles is addressed in the present framework. It is found that despite the topological nature of photon mass generation in curved space–time with isotropic dilaton field, the classical field theory describing the nonrelativistic electromagnetic interaction between a point-like electric charge and magnetic monopole is inconsistent.

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38

Persson, Mats, Paurakh L. Rajbhandary, and Norbert J. Pelc. "A framework for performance characterization of energy‐resolving photon‐counting detectors." Medical Physics 45, no. 11 (October 12, 2018): 4897–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mp.13172.

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39

BHATNAGAR, SHASHANK. "TWO PHOTON DECAYS OF PION IN BETHE–SALPETER FRAMEWORK WITH GENERALIZED STRUCTURE OF HADRON-QUARK VERTEX." International Journal of Modern Physics E 17, no. 03 (March 2008): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301308009835.

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Two photon decays of pion are studied in the framework of the Bethe–Salpeter equation under Covariant Instantaneous Ansatz where the structure of hadron-quark vertex function Γ is generalized to include various Dirac covariants (other than γ5) from their complete set. These covariants are incorporated in accordance with a power counting rule (which was recently employed to calculate leptonic decays constants of pseudoscalar mesons and vector mesons) order by order in powers of the inverse of the meson mass. Pion-photon coupling constant Fπ is calculated with the incorporation of leading order covariants.

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40

KNIEHL, BERND A. "HEAVY-QUARKONIUM PRODUCTION AT NEXT-TO-LEADING ORDER." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 04 (February 10, 2006): 793–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06032046.

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We review recent progress in the description of heavy-quarkonium production in 2 → 2 processes at next-to-leading order in the factorization framework of nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics. Specifically, we consider the production of prompt charmonium in association with a hadron jet or a prompt photon in two-photon collisions and exclusive double-charmonium production in e+e- annihilation.

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41

Burkert, Volker D. "ELECTROPRODUCTION OF LIGHT QUARK BARYONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 01, no. 03 (September 1992): 421–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301392000230.

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The status of electromagnetic excitation of light quark (u, d) baryon states is reviewed and confronted with results of calculations within the framework of microscopic models of the baryon structure and the photon — baryon coupling. Prospects for a qualitative improvement of our knowledge in this sector using photon and electron beams at the new, intermediate energy continuous wave (CW) electron machines are discussed.

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ZHU, KAI, JUEPING LIU, and RAN YU. "OFF-SHELL PHOTON LONGITUDINAL LIGHT-CONE WAVE FUNCTION AT LEADING TWIST." International Journal of Modern Physics E 15, no. 04 (June 2006): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301306004697.

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The leading twist longitudinal virtual photon light-cone wave function, ϕγ‖(u, P2), is calculated within the framework of the low-energy effective theory arising from the instanton model of QCD vacuum. Corresponding to the non-perturbative effects at low-energy scale, a suitable regularization scale T is fixed by analysing the differential behavior of the photon wave function on the internal transverse momentum cut-off in the light-cone frame. The coupling constant, Fγ(P2), of the quark-antiquark vector current to the virtual photon state is also obtained by imposing the normalization condition. The feature of the obtained photon wave function has been discussed at the end as well as the coupling constant.

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43

Hamon, Nadège, Margaux Galland, Mariane Le Fur, Amandine Roux, Alain Duperray, Alexei Grichine, Chantal Andraud, et al. "Combining a pyclen framework with conjugated antenna for the design of europium and samarium luminescent bioprobes." Chemical Communications 54, no. 48 (2018): 6173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc02035c.

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Lu, Fang-Wu, Quan-Gui Gao, Bo-Tao Zhu, and Li Zhang. "High energy spatially radiative properties of Vela X pulsar wind nebula." Astronomy & Astrophysics 624 (April 2019): A144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834320.

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Context. Vela X is a middle-aged pulsar wind nebula (PWN) that has been detected in radio, X-ray, and γ-ray bands. The observations indicate that that photon index and flux density of the inner regions of the nebula have obvious changes as the radial distance increases in the X-ray band, and the surface brightness has been discovered to decrease with the increase of radial distance in γ-ray band. Aims. The multi-band photon emission and high energy spatially radiative properties of Vela X are investigated in the framework of a spatially dependent particle transport model. Methods. Electron distribution inside the PWN was described by a spatially dependent particle transport equation and the evolution of the non-thermal photon was described as a photon conservation equation under the assumption of a spherically symmetric system with dynamical evolution. In this model, the dynamical and particle evolution equations were simultaneously solved, and the γ-ray attenuation by the supernova remnant (SNR) photon fields in the PWN were taken into account. Results. The observed spectral energy distributions of Vela X, including X-ray spectra of the inner regions and γ-ray spectra observed at GeV and TeV bands, are well reproduced. The radial variations of the photon index in X-ray band and the surface brightness in the TeV energy range as well as the γ-ray spectra of the inner region and ring extension can also be well reproduced in the framework of our model. The spatial variations of photon indices at GeV and TeV bands are predicted and show that the photon index in GeV band increases with the increase of radial distance while there is only a slight change in the TeV band. Moreover, the modelling results reveal that the γ-ray attenuation by the SNR photon fields is important for modifying very high energy γ-ray spectrum of Vela X.

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El-Saftawy, M. I., and Nabawia Khalifa. "Laser orbital perturbations in Hamiltonian framework." International Journal of Advanced Astronomy 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijaa.v6i1.9786.

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The effect of laser photon pressure on the spacecraft’s orbit is modeled. The force model developed taking into consideration atmospheric beam attenuation. However, adaptive optics assumed fixed on the laser system in order to eliminate the effect of atmospheric turbulence. The force of a single laser pulse proved as a conservative force. Consequently, its potential obtained using Legender polynomial. Assuming a spherical Earth, the Hamiltonian of the problem developed in terms of Dalaunay elements up to the first zonal harmonic. Using different ground-based laser systems, the model applied to the satellite Ajisai of NORAD ID 16908 and the LEO debris ASTRO-F DEB of NORD ID 29054. The numerical results emphasized that laser pressure has an effect on the orbit and it is well agreed with the results of the Newtonian treatment of the problem.

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Elim, Hendry Izzac, Bin Cai, Okihiro Sugihara, Toshikuni Kaino, and Tadafumi Adschiri. "A Novel Simple Technique to Study Mie Scattering Imaging with Photon Counts: Introduction and Its Applications." Jurnal Aplikasi Multidisiplinari Filsafat dan Sains (JAMFAS) 1, no. 1 (January 24, 2019): 030–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jamfasvol1iss1pp030-036y2018.

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In this paper, we propose a novel simple technique by combining the experimental bright-ﬁeld imaging, Rayleigh or Mie scattering, and photon counts in order to investigate and distinguish the light scattering from nanohybrid polymer materials and its aggregation imaging. In particular, by studying the imaging of nanohybrid polymer and measuring its photon counts, we can demonstrate how big the different of photon counts of each images of nanohybrid polymer materials. Moreover, by combining bright-ﬁeld imaging with its photon counts in the framework of the generalized scattering theory, we show that this nanohybrid polymer exhibits the scattering differently based on the number of nanoparticles or aggregations. This novel technique can be widely applied in many different research works such as nanomedicine and nanotechnology.

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ANSELMINO, M., F. CARUSO, P. KROLL, and W. SCHWEIGER. "TWO-PHOTON ANNIHILATION INTO PROTON-ANTIPROTON IN A QUARK-DIQUARK SCHEME." International Journal of Modern Physics A 04, no. 19 (November 20, 1989): 5213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x89002223.

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We consider [Formula: see text] in the framework of the Brodsky-Farrar-Lepage scheme allowing for (scalar) diquarks as quasi-elementary constituents. We compute the unpolarized cross section using different proton wave functions. Their normalization is fixed by computing the electromagnetic form factor of the proton in the same framework. Good agreement with the experimental data can be obtained. Two-photon annihilation into other baryons is also discussed.

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QIN, GUANG-YOU, CHARLES GALE, and ABHIJIT MAJUMDER. "ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION FROM BROKEN SYMMETRIES IN RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 07n08 (August 2007): 2350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307007921.

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A new channel of direct photon production from a quark gluon plasma (QGP) is explored in the framework of high-temperature QCD. This process appears at next-to-leading order, in the presence of a charge asymmetry in the excited matter. The photon production rate from this new mechanism is suppressed compared to the QCD annihilation and Compton scattering at low baryon density but assumes importance in baryon-rich matter.

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Barzilov, Alexander, and Monia Kazemeini. "Dual-Mode Radiation Sensor for UAS Platforms." Proceedings 42, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-6-06541.

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Remote sensing technologies are important for radiation safety and environmental security applications. A dual-mode Cs2LiYCl6:Ce3+ (CLYC) sensor was developed for simultaneous neutron measurements and gamma-ray spectroscopy. To keep users away from hazardous areas, an unmanned aerial system was used as a mobile sensor platform. The sensor was integrated into a multicopter platform as a ‘plug and fly’ component allowing deployment in the field conditions. The photon energy resolution of the CLYC sensor was measured as less than 5% at 662 keV. The detection of neutrons was achieved via 6Li(n,α)t reaction. The sensor’s signal communication and data fusion were programmed using robot operating system framework, as well as on-board signal analysis functions including the neutron-photon pulse shape discrimination and the identification of photo peaks in the gamma spectrum. These data with added real-time kinematic GPS and time stamps were reported to the user enabling real time awareness of the monitored area, further analysis in temporal and spatial domains, and radiation mapping and source search tasks.

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Van Himbeeck, Thomas, Erik Woodhead, Nicolas J. Cerf, Raúl García-Patrón, and Stefano Pironio. "Semi-device-independent framework based on natural physical assumptions." Quantum 1 (November 18, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2017-11-18-33.

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The semi-device-independent approach provides a framework for prepare-and-measure quantum protocols using devices whose behavior must not be characterized nor trusted, except for a single assumption on the dimension of the Hilbert space characterizing the quantum carriers. Here, we propose instead to constrain the quantum carriers through a bound on the mean value of a well-chosen observable. This modified assumption is physically better motivated than a dimension bound and closer to the description of actual experiments. In particular, we consider quantum optical schemes where the source emits quantum states described in an infinite-dimensional Fock space and model our assumption as an upper bound on the average photon number in the emitted states. We characterize the set of correlations that may be exhibited in the simplest possible scenario compatible with our new framework, based on two energy-constrained state preparations and a two-outcome measurement. Interestingly, we uncover the existence of quantum correlations exceeding the set of classical correlations that can be produced by devices behaving in a purely pre-determined fashion (possibly including shared randomness). This feature suggests immediate applications to certified randomness generation. Along this line, we analyze the achievable correlations in several prepare-and-measure optical schemes with a mean photon number constraint and demonstrate that they allow for the generation of certified randomness. Our simplest optical scheme works by the on-off keying of an attenuated laser source followed by photocounting. It opens the path to more sophisticated energy-constrained semi-device-independent quantum cryptography protocols, such as quantum key distribution.

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