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Journal articles on the topic 'Photonic engineering'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 22 February 2023

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1

SONG, BONG-SHIK, TAKASHI ASANO, and SUSUMU NODA. "RECENT ADVANCES IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC CRYSTALS SLAB STRUCTURE: DEFECT ENGINEERING AND HETEROSTRUCTURE." Nano 02, no. 01 (February 2007): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292007000374.

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This paper presents a review on the selected highlights of highly-functional devices in two-dimensional photonic crystals slab structure. By introducing artificial defects in the photonic crystals (that is, defect engineering), novel photonic devices of line-defect waveguides and point-defect nanocavity are demonstrated. For more efficient manipulation of photons, the fundamentals of heterostructure photonic crystals are also reviewed. Heterostructures consist of multiple photonic crystals with different lattice-constants and they provide further high-functionalities such as multiple wavelength operation while maintaining optimized performance and the enhancement of photon manipulation efficiency. Because of the importance of high quality (Q) nanocavity for realization of nanophotonic devices, we also review the design rule of high Q nanocavities and present recent experiments on nanocavities with Q factors in excess of one million (~ 1.2 × 106). The progress of defect engineering and heterostructure in two-dimensional photonic crystals slab structure will accelerate development in ultrasmall photonic chips, cavity quantum electrodynamics, optical sensors, etc.

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2

Couto, M., and R. Doria. "Maxwell to Photonics." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 20 (December 11, 2022): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jap.v20i.9336.

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The main topic to be addressed is the search for a new source of energy: light. Electromagnetism has been the energy that has most changed civilisation in the last two centuries. The emergence of photonics instead of electronics is a new challenge. Photonics is the clean energy to look for. The 20th century was that of electrons. Several innovations took place through electronics. However, despite these numerous innovations due to the electromagnetic properties of the electron, the 21st century will be that of the photon. The advent of a new generation of innovations arising from the electromagnetic properties of the photon is expected. There is a primordial photon from the light invariance still to be revealed, and a growing photonic market awaiting new properties of the photon. The new perspective lies in discovering electromagnetism where the photon is the own source of electromagnetic fields and self-interacting photons at the tree level are generated. Our proposal is the four bosons electromagnetism[1] . A model based on charge transfer. An enlargement to Maxwell supported upon a general electric charge triad {+,0,-} and an extension to gauge symmetry for a nonlinear abelian gauge theory[2] . Elementary particle physics shows several reactions interchanging positive, negative and zero charges. It yields a physicality considering the charges set {+,0,-} mediated by four gauge bosons. A quadruplet physics manifested by photon, massive photon and charged photons. A new EM energy is to be explored. Introducing new electromagnetic sectors beyond Maxwell as nonlinear EM, neutral EM, spintronics, weak interaction, and photonics. The basis for photonic engineering.

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3

Kim, Myun-Sik, Toralf Scharf, Stefan Mühlig, Carsten Rockstuhl, and Hans Peter Herzig. "Engineering photonic nanojets." Optics Express 19, no. 11 (May 9, 2011): 10206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.010206.

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4

Wei, Xing, and Samuel Kesse. "Heterogeneously Integrated Photonic Chip on Lithium Niobate Thin-Film Waveguide." Crystals 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11111376.

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Lithium niobate thin film represents as an ideal material substrate for quantum photonics due to its strong electro-optic effect and high-speed modulation capability. Here, we propose a novel platform which heterogeneously integrates single self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots for a single-photon source on a lithium niobate photonic chip. The InAs/GaAs quantum dots can be transferred to the lithium niobate waveguide via a substrate transfer procedure with nanometer precision and be integrated through van der Waals force. A down-tapered structure is designed and optimized to deliver the photon flux generated from the InAs quantum dots embedded in a GaAs waveguide to the lithium niobate waveguide with an overall efficiency of 42%. In addition, the electro-optical effect is used to tune, and therefore to tune the beam splitting ratio of the integrated lithium niobate directional coupler, which can simultaneously route multiple photons to different spatial modes, and subsequently fan out through grating couplers to achieve single-photon sub-multiplexing. The proposed device opens up novel opportunities for achieving multifunctional hybrid integrated photonic chips.

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5

Yu, Su-Peng, Juan A. Muniz, Chen-Lung Hung, and H. J. Kimble. "Two-dimensional photonic crystals for engineering atom–light interactions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 26 (June 12, 2019): 12743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1822110116.

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We present a 2D photonic crystal system for interacting with cold cesium (Cs) atoms. The band structures of the 2D photonic crystals are predicted to produce unconventional atom–light interaction behaviors, including anisotropic emission, suppressed spontaneous decay, and photon-mediated atom–atom interactions controlled by the position of the atomic array relative to the photonic crystal. An optical conveyor technique is presented for continuously loading atoms into the desired trapping positions with optimal coupling to the photonic crystal. The device configuration also enables application of optical tweezers for controlled placement of atoms. Devices can be fabricated reliably from a 200-nm silicon nitride device layer using a lithography-based process, producing predicted optical properties in transmission and reflection measurements. These 2D photonic crystal devices can be readily deployed to experiments for many-body physics with neutral atoms and engineering of exotic quantum matter.

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6

Wang, Yiquan, Shuisheng Jian, Shouzhen Han, Shuai Feng, Zhifang Feng, Bingying Cheng, and Daozhong Zhang. "Photonic band-gap engineering of quasiperiodic photonic crystals." Journal of Applied Physics 97, no. 10 (May 15, 2005): 106112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1914967.

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7

Kim, Hee Jin, Young-Geun Roh, and Heonsu Jeon. "Photonic Bandgap Engineering in Mixed Colloidal Photonic Crystals." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 44, No. 40 (September 26, 2005): L1259—L1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.44.l1259.

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8

Kalra, Yogita, and R. K. Sinha. "Photonic band gap engineering in 2D photonic crystals." Pramana 67, no. 6 (December 2006): 1155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-006-0030-0.

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9

Jahani, Saman, and Zubin Jacob. "Photonic skin-depth engineering." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 32, no. 7 (June 9, 2015): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.32.001346.

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10

Takenaka, Mitsuru, and Shinichi Takagi. "III-V/Ge Device Engineering for CMOS Photonics." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2028–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2028.

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Heterogeneous integration of III-V compound semiconductors and Ge on the Si platform is one of the promising technologies for enhancing the performance of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) beyond the 10-nm technology node because of their high carrier mobilities. In addition, the III-Vs and Ge are also promising materials for photonic devices. Thus, we have investigated III-V/Ge device engineering for CMOS photonics, enabling monolithic integration of high-performance III-V/Ge CMOS transistors and III-V/Ge photonics on Si. The direct wafer bonding of III-V on Si has been investigated to form III-V on Insulator for III-V CMOS photonics. Extremely-thin-body InGaAs MOSFETs with the gate length of approximately 55 nm have successfully been demonstrated by using the wafer bonding. InP-based photonic-wire waveguide devices including micro bends, arrayed waveguide gratings, grating couplers, optical switches, and InGaAs photodetectors have also been demonstrated on the III-V-OI wafer. The gate stack formation on Ge is one of the critical issues for Ge MOSFETs. Recently, we have successfully demonstrated high-quality GeOx/Ge MOS interfaces formed by thermal oxidation and plasma oxidation. High-performance Ge pMOSFET and nMOSFET with thin EOT have been obtained using the GeOx/Ge MOS interfaces. We have also demonstrated that GeOx surface passivation is effective to reduce the dark current of Ge photodetectors in conjunction with gas-phase doped junction. We have also investigated strained SiGe optical modulators. We expect that compressive strain in SiGe enhances modulation efficiency, and an extremely small VπL of 0.033 V-cm is predicted. III-V/Ge heterogeneous integration is one of the promising ways for achieving ultrahigh performance electronic-photonic integrated circuits.

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11

Romaniuk, Ryszard. "Advanced Photonic and Electronic Systems WILGA 2010." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 56, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-010-0065-5.

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Advanced Photonic and Electronic Systems WILGA 2010 SPIE - PSP WILGA Symposium gathers two times a year in January and in May new adepts of advanced photonic and electronic systems. The event is oriented on components and applications. WILGA Symposium on Photonics and Web Engineering is well known on the web for its devotion to "young research" promotion under the eminent sponsorship of international engineering associations like SPIE and IEEE. WILGA is supported by the most important national organizations like KEiT PAN and PSP-Photonics Society of Poland. The Symposium is organized since 1998 twice a year. It has gathered over 4000 young researchers and published over 2000 papers mainly internationally, including more than 1000 in 10 published so far volumes of Proc. SPIE. This paper is a digest of WILGA Symposium Series and WILGA 2010 summary.

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12

Tsukanov, A. V. "Control of photon transport in an optical structure of four microresonators using spectral engineering." Laser Physics Letters 19, no. 7 (June 6, 2022): 076202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ac71b1.

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Abstract A theoretical model of a photonic switch based on a T-shaped optical structure with combined switching control is considered. The transmission coefficient of photons through the structure varies between current and vacuum modes by several physical mechanisms. The main one is the resonant interaction between microresonators with adjustable photon tunneling energy. An alternative way is also pump compensation by switching on an additional laser field. The influence of the model parameters on the switching efficiency is studied. It is shown that this scheme can be implemented on the basis of already existing technologies.

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13

Stinson, V. Paige, Nuren Shuchi, Micheal McLamb, Glenn D. Boreman, and Tino Hofmann. "Mechanical Control of the Optical Bandgap in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (December 17, 2022): 2248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122248.

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Over the last several years, two-photon polymerization has been a popular fabrication approach for photonic crystals due to its high spatial resolution. One-dimensional photonic crystals with photonic bandgap reflectivities over 90% have been demonstrated for the infrared spectral range. With the success of these structures, methods which can provide tunability of the photonic bandgap are being explored. In this study, we demonstrate the use of mechanical flexures in the design of one-dimensional photonic crystals fabricated by two-photon polymerization for the first time. Experimental results show that these photonic crystals provide active mechanically induced spectral control of the photonic bandgap. An analysis of the mechanical behavior of the photonic crystal is presented and elastic behavior is observed. These results suggest that one-dimensional photonic crystals with mechanical flexures can successfully function as opto-mechanical structures.

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14

Chan, C. T. "Photonic crystals and topological photonics." Frontiers of Optoelectronics 13, no. 1 (March 2020): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12200-020-1022-2.

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15

Noda, Susumu. "Two- and Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals in III–V Semiconductors." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 8 (August 2001): 618–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.155.

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There has been increasing interest in photonic crystals in which the refractive index changes periodically. A photonic bandgap can be formed in the crystals, and the propagation of electromagnetic waves is prohibited for all wave vectors in this bandgap. Various important scientific and engineering applications, such as control of spontaneous emission, sharp bending of light, trapping of photons, and so on, may be realized by creating photonicbandgap crystals and engineering the defects and light-emitters. In the field of two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals, some important contributions aiming at device applications have included Scherer et al.'s demonstration that a single defect can be utilized as a very tiny cavity for light emission, and Joannopoulos et al.'s work on 2D photonic-crystal circuits. Here, the present status of our work in III–V semiconductor-based 2D and 3D photonic crystals is briefly reviewed.

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16

Prather, Dennis W. "Photonic Crystals: An Engineering Perspective." Optics and Photonics News 13, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.13.6.000016.

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17

Marlow, Frank, and Wenting Dong. "Engineering Nanoarchitectures for Photonic Crystals." ChemPhysChem 4, no. 6 (June 6, 2003): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.200200531.

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18

Asano, Takashi, and Susumu Noda. "Photonic Crystal Devices in Silicon Photonics." Proceedings of the IEEE 106, no. 12 (December 2018): 2183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2018.2853197.

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19

Gasulla, Ivana, and Mable P. Fok. "Special Issue “Microwave Photonics 2018”." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 18, 2020): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020674.

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Bringing together the worlds of radiofrequency and optics engineering, the interdisciplinary field of microwave photonics (MWP) pursues the generation, processing, and distribution of microwave and millimeter-wave signals by photonic means [...]

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20

Romaniuk, Ryszard S. "Advanced photonic and electronic systems WILGA 2016." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 62, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eletel-2016-0042.

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Abstract Young Researchers Symposium WILGA on Photonics Applications and Web Engineering has been organized since 1998, two times a year. Subject area of the Wilga Symposium are advanced photonic and electronic systems in all aspects: theoretical, design and application, hardware and software, academic, scientific, research, development, commissioning and industrial, but also educational and development of research and technical staff. Each year, during the international Spring edition, the Wilga Symposium is attended by a few hundred young researchers, graduated M.Sc. students, Ph.D. students, young doctors, young research workers from the R&D institutions, universities, innovative firms, etc. Wilga, gathering through years the organization experience, has turned out to be a perfect relevant information exchange platform between young researchers from Poland with participation of international guests, all active in the research areas of electron and photon technologies, electronics, photonics, telecommunications, automation, robotics and information technology, but also technical physics. The paper summarizes the achievements of the 38th Spring Edition of 2016 WILGA Symposium, organized in Wilga Village Resort owned by Warsaw University of technology.

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21

Wang, Hongfei, Xiujuan Zhang, Jinguo Hua, Dangyuan Lei, Minghui Lu, and Yanfeng Chen. "Topological physics of non-Hermitian optics and photonics: a review." Journal of Optics 23, no. 12 (October 25, 2021): 123001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ac2e15.

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Abstract The notion of non-Hermitian optics and photonics rooted in quantum mechanics and photonic systems has recently attracted considerable attention ushering in tremendous progress on theoretical foundations and photonic applications, benefiting from the flexibility of photonic platforms. In this review, we first introduce the non-Hermitian topological physics from the symmetry of matrices and complex energy spectra to the characteristics of Jordan normal forms, exceptional points, biorthogonal eigenvectors, Bloch/non-Bloch band theories, topological invariants and topological classifications. We further review diverse non-Hermitian system branches ranging from classical optics, quantum photonics to disordered systems, nonlinear dynamics and optomechanics according to various physical equivalences and experimental implementations. In particular, we include cold atoms in optical lattices in quantum photonics due to their operability at quantum regimes. Finally, we summarize recent progress and limitations in this emerging field, giving an outlook on possible future research directions in theoretical frameworks and engineering aspects.

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22

Maram, Reza, Saket Kaushal, José Azaña, and Lawrence Chen. "Recent Trends and Advances of Silicon-Based Integrated Microwave Photonics." Photonics 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6010013.

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Multitude applications of photonic devices and technologies for the generation and manipulation of arbitrary and random microwave waveforms, at unprecedented processing speeds, have been proposed in the literature over the past three decades. This class of photonic applications for microwave engineering is known as microwave photonics (MWP). The vast capabilities of MWP have allowed the realization of key functionalities which are either highly complex or simply not possible in the microwave domain alone. Recently, this growing field has adopted the integrated photonics technologies to develop microwave photonic systems with enhanced robustness as well as with a significant reduction of size, cost, weight, and power consumption. In particular, silicon photonics technology is of great interest for this aim as it offers outstanding possibilities for integration of highly-complex active and passive photonic devices, permitting monolithic integration of MWP with high-speed silicon electronics. In this article, we present a review of recent work on MWP functions developed on the silicon platform. We particularly focus on newly reported designs for signal modulation, arbitrary waveform generation, filtering, true-time delay, phase shifting, beam steering, and frequency measurement.

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23

Zhou, Xiaoyan, Peter Lodahl, and Leonardo Midolo. "In-plane resonant excitation of quantum dots in a dual-mode photonic-crystal waveguide with high β-factor." Quantum Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (March 17, 2022): 025023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ac5918.

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Abstract A high-quality quantum dot (QD) single-photon source is a key resource for quantum information processing. Exciting a QD emitter resonantly can greatly suppress decoherence processes and lead to highly indistinguishable single-photon generation. It has, however, remained a challenge to implement strict resonant excitation in a stable and scalable way, without compromising any of the key specs of the source (efficiency, purity, and indistinguishability). In this work, we propose a novel dual-mode photonic-crystal waveguide that realizes direct in-plane resonant excitation of the embedded QDs. The device relies on a two-mode waveguide design, which allows exploiting one mode for excitation of the QD and the other mode for collecting the emitted single photons with high efficiency. By proper engineering of the photonic bandstructure, we propose a design with single-photon collection efficiency of β > 0.95 together with a single-photon impurity of ϵ < 5 × 10−3 over a broad spectral and spatial range. The device has a compact footprint of ∼ 50 μ m 2 and would enable stable and scalable excitation of multiple emitters for multi-photon quantum applications.

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24

Soref, Richard. "The Achievements and Challenges of Silicon Photonics." Advances in Optical Technologies 2008 (July 2, 2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/472305.

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A brief overview of silicon photonics is given here in order to provide a context for invited and contributed papers in this special issue. Recent progress on silicon-based photonic components, photonic integrated circuits, and optoelectronic integrated circuits is surveyed. Present and potential applications are identified along with the scientific and engineering challenges that must be met in order to actualize applications. Some on-going government-sponsored projects in silicon optoelectronics are also described.

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25

Yang, Yang, Hsun-Chi Chan, Ke Bi, Gaoyan Duan, Maoxin Liu, Haoyi Wang, and Liangsheng Li. "Optical forces in photonic Weyl system." New Journal of Physics 24, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 043019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac5e88.

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Abstract Topological photonics has attracted extensive attention, since it allows for a platform to explore and exploit versatile nano-optics systems. In particular, the ideal Weyl metamaterials have recently been demonstrated with fascinating phenomena such as chiral zero mode and negative refraction. In this work, we apply the photonic Weyl metamateirals into the optical tweezers. Based on the effective medium approach, the optical force generated by the body state of the Weyl metamaterial is systematically investigated. Interestingly, theoretical results show that for oblique incidence, the optical force spectra present a valley around Weyl frequency with zero magnitude exactly at the Weyl frequency, and the forces show strong optical circular dichroism. In addition, due to the bi-anisotropic properties, transmissions through the Weyl metamaterial exhibit a significant linear-to-circular polarization conversion and the transmitted wavefront acquires spin momenta of photons, which induces abnormal force on chiral particles. Our study may provide potential applications in the optical manipulations, polarization conversions, and wavefront engineering optics.

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26

Woliński, Tomasz, Sławomir Ertman, Katarzyna Rutkowska, Daniel Budaszewski, Marzena Sala-Tefelska, Miłosz Chychłowski, Kamil Orzechowski, Karolina Bednarska, and Piotr Lesiak. "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers – 15 years of research activities at Warsaw University of Technology." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.907.

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Research activities in the area of photonic liquid crystal fibers carried out over the last 15 years at Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) have been reviewed and current research directions that include metallic nanoparticles doping to enhance electro-optical properties of the photonic liquid crystal fibers are presented. Full Text: PDF ReferencesT.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a photonic crystal fiber filled with a low-birefringence liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE, 5518, 232-237 (2004). CrossRef F. Du, Y-Q. Lu, S.-T. Wu, "Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2181-2183 (2004). CrossRef T.T. Larsen, A. Bjraklev, D.S. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Express, 11, 20, 2589-2596 (2003). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Tunable properties of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Opto-Electron. Rev. 13, 2, 59-64 (2005). CrossRef M. Chychłowski, S. Ertman, T.R. 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Sala-Tefelska et al., "The influence of orienting layers on blue phase liquid crystals in rectangular geometries", Phot. Lett. Pol. 10, 4, 100-102 (2018). CrossRef P. G. de Gennes JP. The Physics of Liquid Crystals. (Oxford University Press 1995). CrossRef L.M. Blinov and V.G. Chigrinov, Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystal Materials (New York, NY: Springer New York 1994). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A.J. Srivastava, V.G. Chigrinov, T.R. Woliński, "Electro-optical properties of photo-aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibres", Liq. Cryst., 46 2, 272-280 (2019). CrossRef V. G. Chigrinov, V. M. Kozenkov, H-S. Kwok. Photoalignment of Liquid Crystalline Materials (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2008). CrossRef M. Schadt et al., "Surface-Induced Parallel Alignment of Liquid Crystals by Linearly Polymerized Photopolymers", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.31, 2155-2164 (1992). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystals in microchannels", Opt. Lett. 39, 4679 (2014). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, et al., "Photo‐aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibers", J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 23, 196-201 (2015). CrossRef O. Stamatoiu, J. Mirzaei, X. Feng, T. Hegmann, "Nanoparticles in Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles", Top Curr Chem 318, 331-392 (2012). CrossRef A. Siarkowska et al., "Titanium nanoparticles doping of 5CB infiltrated microstructured optical fibers", Photonics Lett. Pol. 8 1, 29-31 (2016). CrossRef A. Siarkowska et al., "Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 8, 2790-2801 (2017). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Nanoparticles-enhanced photonic liquid crystal fibers", J. Mol. Liq. 267, 271-278 (2018). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Enhanced efficiency of electric field tunability in photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Opt. Exp. 27, 10, 14260-14269 (2019). CrossRef

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Apostolaki, Maria-Athina, Alexia Toumazatou, Maria Antoniadou, Elias Sakellis, Evangelia Xenogiannopoulou, Spiros Gardelis, Nikos Boukos, Polycarpos Falaras, Athanasios Dimoulas, and Vlassis Likodimos. "Graphene Quantum Dot-TiO2 Photonic Crystal Films for Photocatalytic Applications." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 2566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122566.

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Photonic crystal structuring has emerged as an advanced method to enhance solar light harvesting by metal oxide photocatalysts along with rational compositional modifications of the materials’ properties. In this work, surface functionalization of TiO2 photonic crystals by blue luminescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs), n–π* band at ca. 350 nm, is demonstrated as a facile, environmental benign method to promote photocatalytic activity by the combination of slow photon-assisted light trapping with GQD-TiO2 interfacial electron transfer. TiO2 inverse opal films fabricated by the co-assembly of polymer colloidal spheres with a hydrolyzed titania precursor were post-modified by impregnation in aqueous GQDs suspension without any structural distortion. Photonic band gap engineering by varying the inverse opal macropore size resulted in selective performance enhancement for both salicylic acid photocatalytic degradation and photocurrent generation under UV–VIS and visible light, when red-edge slow photons overlapped with the composite’s absorption edge, whereas stop band reflection was attenuated by the strong UVA absorbance of the GQD-TiO2 photonic films. Photoelectrochemical and photoluminescence measurements indicated that the observed improvement, which surpassed similarly modified benchmark mesoporous P25 TiO2 films, was further assisted by GQDs electron acceptor action and visible light activation to a lesser extent, leading to highly efficient photocatalytic films.

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Rechcińska, Katarzyna, Mateusz Król, Rafał Mazur, Przemysław Morawiak, Rafał Mirek, Karolina Łempicka, Witold Bardyszewski, et al. "Engineering spin-orbit synthetic Hamiltonians in liquid-crystal optical cavities." Science 366, no. 6466 (November 7, 2019): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay4182.

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Spin-orbit interactions lead to distinctive functionalities in photonic systems. They exploit the analogy between the quantum mechanical description of a complex electronic spin-orbit system and synthetic Hamiltonians derived for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in dedicated spatial structures. We realize an artificial Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction in a liquid crystal–filled optical cavity. Three-dimensional tomography in energy-momentum space enabled us to directly evidence the spin-split photon mode in the presence of an artificial spin-orbit coupling. The effect is observed when two orthogonal linear polarized modes of opposite parity are brought near resonance. Engineering of spin-orbit synthetic Hamiltonians in optical cavities opens the door to photonic emulators of quantum Hamiltonians with internal degrees of freedom.

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Sun, Haoyang, Qifeng Qiao, Qingze Guan, and Guangya Zhou. "Silicon Photonic Phase Shifters and Their Applications: A Review." Micromachines 13, no. 9 (September 12, 2022): 1509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13091509.

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With the development of silicon photonics, dense photonic integrated circuits play a significant role in applications such as light detection and ranging systems, photonic computing accelerators, miniaturized spectrometers, and so on. Recently, extensive research work has been carried out on the phase shifter, which acts as the fundamental building block in the photonic integrated circuit. In this review, we overview different types of silicon photonic phase shifters, including micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), thermo-optics, and free-carrier depletion types, highlighting the MEMS-based ones. The major working principles of these phase shifters are introduced and analyzed. Additionally, the related works are summarized and compared. Moreover, some emerging applications utilizing phase shifters are introduced, such as neuromorphic computing systems, photonic accelerators, multi-purpose processing cores, etc. Finally, a discussion on each kind of phase shifter is given based on the figures of merit.

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Thekkadath, G. S., B. A. Bell, I. A. Walmsley, and A. I. Lvovsky. "Engineering Schrödinger cat states with a photonic even-parity detector." Quantum 4 (March 2, 2020): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-03-02-239.

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When two equal photon-number states are combined on a balanced beam splitter, both output ports of the beam splitter contain only even numbers of photons. Consider the time-reversal of this interference phenomenon: the probability that a pair of photon-number-resolving detectors at the output ports of a beam splitter both detect the same number of photons depends on the overlap between the input state of the beam splitter and a state containing only even photon numbers. Here, we propose using this even-parity detection to engineer quantum states containing only even photon-number terms. As an example, we demonstrate the ability to prepare superpositions of two coherent states with opposite amplitudes, i.e. two-component Schrödinger cat states. Our scheme can prepare cat states of arbitrary size with nearly perfect fidelity. Moreover, we investigate engineering more complex even-parity states such as four-component cat states by iteratively applying our even-parity detector.

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Zhou, Shifeng, and Jianrong Qiu. "Topological engineering of doped photonic glasses." MRS Bulletin 42, no. 01 (January 2017): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2016.301.

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Ponomarev, A. K., А. А. Romanov, and А. Е. Tyulin. "Photonic Technologies in Space Device Engineering." Rocket-Space Device Engineering and Information Systems 2 (March 2016): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2409-0239.2016.2.4.

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Hilhorst, Jan, Joost Wolters, and Andrei Petukhov. "Defect engineering in colloidal photonic crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 66, a1 (August 29, 2010): s242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767310094523.

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Solli, D. R., and J. M. Hickmann. "Engineering an achromatic photonic crystal waveplate." New Journal of Physics 8, no. 8 (August 10, 2006): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/8/8/132.

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Baba, Toshihiko, and Daisuke Mori. "Slow light engineering in photonic crystals." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 40, no. 9 (April 19, 2007): 2659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/40/9/s06.

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Zhou, Wen, Zhenzhou Cheng, Xia Chen, Ke Xu, Xiankai Sun, and HonKi Tsang. "Subwavelength Engineering in Silicon Photonic Devices." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 25, no. 3 (May 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2019.2899757.

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Vercruysse, Dries, Neil V. Sapra, Logan Su, and Jelena Vuckovic. "Dispersion Engineering With Photonic Inverse Design." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 26, no. 2 (March 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2019.2950803.

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Santiago-Cruz, Tomás, Sylvain D. Gennaro, Oleg Mitrofanov, Sadhvikas Addamane, John Reno, Igal Brener, and Maria V. Chekhova. "Resonant metasurfaces for generating complex quantum states." Science 377, no. 6609 (August 26, 2022): 991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abq8684.

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Quantum state engineering, the cornerstone of quantum photonic technologies, mainly relies on spontaneous parametric downconversion and four-wave mixing, where one or two pump photons spontaneously decay into a photon pair. Both of these nonlinear effects require momentum conservation for the participating photons, which strongly limits the versatility of the resulting quantum states. Nonlinear metasurfaces have subwavelength thickness and allow the relaxation of this constraint; when combined with resonances, they greatly expand the possibilities of quantum state engineering. Here, we generated entangled photons via spontaneous parametric downconversion in semiconductor metasurfaces with high–quality factor, quasi-bound state in the continuum resonances. By enhancing the quantum vacuum field, our metasurfaces boost the emission of nondegenerate entangled photons within multiple narrow resonance bands and over a wide spectral range. A single resonance or several resonances in the same sample, pumped at multiple wavelengths, can generate multifrequency quantum states, including cluster states. These features reveal metasurfaces as versatile sources of complex states for quantum information.

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Hao, Yu, Xiao Hong Sun, Liu Di Jiang, Xu Zhang, and Gao Liang Wang. "Applications of Photonic Crystals in Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.281.

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Photonic crystals have been widely applied to improve the efficiency of solar cells due to its capability to manipulate photon transmission. Both theoretical and experimental research have shown that photonic crystals can significantly improve the absorption and conversion efficiency of solar cells.Solar cells that have photonic crystals back reflectors, intermediate reflectors, and window layers have higher photoelectric conversion efficiency. In this paper, the state-of-the-art applications of PCs in solar cells are summarized. Various fabrication methods for photonic crystals and their associated performance are discussed.

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Yan, Qing Feng, Zuo Cheng Zhou, Fa Bing Su, and X. S. Zhao. "Defect Engineering in Self-Assembled 3D Photonic Crystals." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.377.

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This work describes the combination of photolithography and self-assembly methods for fabrication of 3D photonic crystals (PCs) with well-defined micron-scale line defects embedded in the PCs. Line defects with different dimensions, shapes, and compositions have been introduced into the 3D PCs by choosing different photoresists, masks, and template-directed assembly techniques. Infiltration of carbon using high-temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique showed that the fabrication procedure offers an ideal approach to functional 3D photonic devices from self-assembled photonic crystals.

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41

Yan, Qing Feng, Zuo Cheng Zhou, Fa Bing Su, and X. S. Zhao. "Defect Engineering in Self-Assembled 3D Photonic Crystals." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.57.

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This work describes the combination of photolithography and self-assembly methods for fabrication of 3D photonic crystals (PCs) with well-defined micron-scale line defects embedded in the PCs. Line defects with different dimensions, shapes, and compositions have been introduced into the 3D PCs by choosing different photoresists, masks, and template-directed assembly techniques. Infiltration of carbon using high-temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique showed that the fabrication procedure offers an ideal approach to functional 3D photonic devices from self-assembled photonic crystals.

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42

Romaniuk, Ryszard S. "Space and High Energy Experiments Advanced Electronic Systems 2012." International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 441–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-012-0060-0.

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Abstract This paper is a research survey of the WILGA Symposium work. It presents a digest of technical effort results shown by young researchers from different universities during the Jubilee XXXth SPIE-IEEE-Photonics Society of Poland Wilga 2012 symposium on Photonics and Internet Engineering. Topical tracks of the symposium embraced: nanomaterials and nanotechnologies for photonics, sensory and nonlinear optical fibers, object oriented design of hardware, photonic metrology, optoelectronics and photonics applications, photonics-electronics co-design, optoelectronic and electronic systems for astronomy and high energy physics experiments, JET tokamak and pi-ofthe sky experiments development. The symposium is an annual summary in the development of numerable Ph.D. theses carried out in this country in the area of advanced electronic and photonic systems. It is also a great occasion for SPIE, IEEE, OSA and PSP students to meet together in a large group spanning the whole country with guests from this part of Europe. A digest of Wilga references is presented [1]-[60]. This paper is the first part of the digest focused on astronomy, space, astroparticle physics, accelerators, and high energy physics experiments.

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Liau, Teh Chau, Jin Jei Wu, Jian Qi Shen, and Tzong Jer Yang. "Photonic Logic Gate Design Based on Frequency-Sensitive Optical Response of an EIT Photonic Crystal." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.402.

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The frequency-sensitive optical response due to two-photon resonance of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a tunable band structure of an EIT-based layered medium is considered. The unit cells of this periodic layered structure are composed of dielectric (e.g., GaAs) and EIT atomic vapor. The frequency-sensitive behavior of controllable reflectance and transmittance depending on the external control field can be applicable to new device design (e.g., it can serve as the fundamental working mechanism for photonic switches and photonic logic gates). Some two-input logic gates (e.g., OR and NAND gates) are designed based on the present effect of sensitive switching control that results from the two-photon resonance.

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44

Castelletto, Stefania, Faraz A. Inam, Shin-ichiro Sato, and Alberto Boretti. "Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 11 (May 8, 2020): 740–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.61.

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Single-photon sources and their optical spin readout are at the core of applications in quantum communication, quantum computation, and quantum sensing. Their integration in photonic structures such as photonic crystals, microdisks, microring resonators, and nanopillars is essential for their deployment in quantum technologies. While there are currently only two material platforms (diamond and silicon carbide) with proven single-photon emission from the visible to infrared, a quantum spin–photon interface, and ancilla qubits, it is expected that other material platforms could emerge with similar characteristics in the near future. These two materials also naturally lead to monolithic integrated photonics as both are good photonic materials. While so far the verification of single-photon sources was based on discovery, assignment and then assessment and control of their quantum properties for applications, a better approach could be to identify applications and then search for the material that could address the requirements of the application in terms of quantum properties of the defects. This approach is quite difficult as it is based mostly on the reliability of modeling and predicting of color center properties in various materials, and their experimental verification is challenging. In this paper, we review some recent advances in an emerging material, low-dimensional (2D, 1D, 0D) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), which could lead to establishing such a platform. We highlight the recent achievements of the specific material for the expected applications in quantum technologies, indicating complementary outstanding properties compared to the other 3D bulk materials.

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45

Wang, Lei, Tharishinny R. Mogan, Kunlei Wang, Mai Takashima, Bunsho Ohtani, and Ewa Kowalska. "Fabrication and Characterization of Inverse-Opal Titania Films for Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity." ChemEngineering 6, no. 3 (April 20, 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering6030033.

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Novel materials with a periodic structure have recently been intensively studied for various photonic and photocatalytic applications due to an efficient light harvesting ability. Here, inverse opal titania (IOT) has been investigated for possible enhancement of photocatalytic activity. The IOT films were prepared on a glass support from silica and polystyrene (PS) opals by sandwich-vacuum-assisted infiltration and co-assembly methods, respectively. The reference sample was prepared by the same method (the latter) but with PS particles of different sizes, and thus without photonic feature. The modification of preparation conditions was performed to prepare the films with a high quality and different photonic properties, i.e., photonic bandgap (PBG) and slow photons’ wavelengths. The morphology and optical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV/vis spectroscopy, respectively. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated (also in dependence on the irradiation angle) for oxidative decomposition of acetaldehyde gas under irradiation with blue LED by measuring the rate of evolved carbon dioxide (CO2). It has been found that PBG wavelength depends on the size of particles forming opal, the void diameter of IOT, and irradiation angle, as expected from Bragg’s law. The highest activity (more than two-fold enhancement in the comparison to the reference) has been achieved for the IOT sample of 226-nm void diameter and PBG wavelengths at 403 nm, prepared from almost monodisperse PS particles of 252-nm diameter. Interestingly, significant decrease in activity (five times lower than reference) has been obtained for the IOT sample of also high quality but with 195-nm voids, and thus PBG at 375 nm (prohibited light). Accordingly, it has been proposed that the perfect tunning of photonic properties (here the blue-edge slow-photon effect) with bandgap energy of photocatalyst (e.g., absorption of anatase) results in the improved photocatalytic performance.

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46

Preussler, Stefan, Fabian Schwartau, Joerg Schoebel, and Thomas Schneider. "Photonic Components for Signal Generation and Distribution for Large Aperture Radar in Autonomous Driving." Frequenz 73, no. 11-12 (November 26, 2019): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2019-0143.

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Abstract Fully autonomous driving, even under bad weather conditions, requires use of multiple sensor systems including radar imaging. Microwave photonics, especially the optical generation and distribution of radar signals, can overcome many of the electronic disadvantages. This article will give an overview about several photonic components and how they could be incorporated into a photonic synchronized radar system, where all the complexity is shifted to a central station. A first proof-of-concept radar experiment with of the shelf telecommunication equipment shows an angular resolution of 1.1°. Furthermore an overview about possible photonic electronic integration is given, leading to comprising low complexity transmitter and receiver chips.

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47

Aithal, Shubhrajyotsna, and P. S. Aithal. "ABCD analysis of Dye-doped Polymers for Photonic Applications." IRA-International Journal of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2455-4499) 4, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jas.v4.n3.p1.

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<div><p><em>Photonics is a subject of scientific study on generating, controlling, harvesting and detecting the beam of photons or light with a purpose of creating, manipulating, storing, transmitting and detecting information using nonlinear optical properties of materials. This paper is a new attempt to integrate scientific research and social research by analysing the characteristics of dye-doped polymer films for photonics applications. The analysing framework called ABCD framework to analyse any business concepts, business systems, technology, strategy, engineering material, technology or even an idea systematically by identifying the advantages, benefits, constraints, and disadvantages under various determinant issues and listing the constituent critical elements under each construct. In this paper, as per the ABCD framework, the various determinant issues related to the use of dye-doped polymer films for photonic applications through focus group method are determined as affecting factors under : (1) Material Issues, (2) Application Issues, (3) Commercialization Issues, (4) Production/Service providers Issues, (5) Customer Issues, and (6) Environmental/Social Issues. The constituent critical elements of these factors are listed under the four constructs - advantages, benefits, constraints and disadvantages of the ABCD technique and tabulated. The analysis has brought about 204 critical constituent elements which satisfy the success of this analysis methodology. <strong></strong></em></p></div>

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Colusso, Elena, Fabio De Ferrari, Paolo Minzioni, Alessandro Martucci, Yu Wang, and Fiorenzo G. Omenetto. "Engineering optical defects in biopolymer photonic lattices." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 5 (2018): 966–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc04404f.

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49

Erdiven, U., F. Karadag, M. Karaaslan, E. Unal, F. Dincer, and C. Sabah. "Photonic band gap engineering in two-dimensional photonic crystals and iso-frequency contours." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 28, no. 2 (November 25, 2013): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2013.864247.

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50

Ming, Yang, Wang Zhang, Jie Tang, and Yushen Liu. "Nonlinear anisotropic dielectrics for photonic state engineering." Optics & Laser Technology 138 (June 2021): 106907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2020.106907.

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