Journal articles: 'Photonic network design'

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Christensen, Thomas, Charlotte Loh, Stjepan Picek, et al. "Predictive and generative machine learning models for photonic crystals." Nanophotonics 9, no. 13 (2020): 4183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0197.

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AbstractThe prediction and design of photonic features have traditionally been guided by theory-driven computational methods, spanning a wide range of direct solvers and optimization techniques. Motivated by enormous advances in the field of machine learning, there has recently been a growing interest in developing complementary data-driven methods for photonics. Here, we demonstrate several predictive and generative data-driven approaches for the characterization and inverse design of photonic crystals. Concretely, we built a data set of 20,000 two-dimensional photonic crystal unit cells and their associated band structures, enabling the training of supervised learning models. Using these data set, we demonstrate a high-accuracy convolutional neural network for band structure prediction, with orders-of-magnitude speedup compared to conventional theory-driven solvers. Separately, we demonstrate an approach to high-throughput inverse design of photonic crystals via generative adversarial networks, with the design goal of substantial transverse-magnetic band gaps. Our work highlights photonic crystals as a natural application domain and test bed for the development of data-driven tools in photonics and the natural sciences.

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Ferreira de Lima, Thomas, Bhavin J. Shastri, Alexander N. Tait, Mitchell A. Nahmias, and Paul R. Prucnal. "Progress in neuromorphic photonics." Nanophotonics 6, no. 3 (2017): 577–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0139.

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AbstractAs society’s appetite for information continues to grow, so does our need to process this information with increasing speed and versatility. Many believe that the one-size-fits-all solution of digital electronics is becoming a limiting factor in certain areas such as data links, cognitive radio, and ultrafast control. Analog photonic devices have found relatively simple signal processing niches where electronics can no longer provide sufficient speed and reconfigurability. Recently, the landscape for commercially manufacturable photonic chips has been changing rapidly and now promises to achieve economies of scale previously enjoyed solely by microelectronics. By bridging the mathematical prowess of artificial neural networks to the underlying physics of optoelectronic devices, neuromorphic photonics could breach new domains of information processing demanding significant complexity, low cost, and unmatched speed. In this article, we review the progress in neuromorphic photonics, focusing on photonic integrated devices. The challenges and design rules for optoelectronic instantiation of artificial neurons are presented. The proposed photonic architecture revolves around the processing network node composed of two parts: a nonlinear element and a network interface. We then survey excitable lasers in the recent literature as candidates for the nonlinear node and microring-resonator weight banks as the network interface. Finally, we compare metrics between neuromorphic electronics and neuromorphic photonics and discuss potential applications.

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Jiang, Jiaqi, and Jonathan A. Fan. "Multiobjective and categorical global optimization of photonic structures based on ResNet generative neural networks." Nanophotonics 10, no. 1 (2020): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0407.

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AbstractWe show that deep generative neural networks, based on global optimization networks (GLOnets), can be configured to perform the multiobjective and categorical global optimization of photonic devices. A residual network scheme enables GLOnets to evolve from a deep architecture, which is required to properly search the full design space early in the optimization process, to a shallow network that generates a narrow distribution of globally optimal devices. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we adapt our method to design thin-film stacks consisting of multiple material types. Benchmarks with known globally optimized antireflection structures indicate that GLOnets can find the global optimum with orders of magnitude faster speeds compared to conventional algorithms. We also demonstrate the utility of our method in complex design tasks with its application to incandescent light filters. These results indicate that advanced concepts in deep learning can push the capabilities of inverse design algorithms for photonics.

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Kaneda, S., T. Uyematsu, N. Nagatsu, and K. Sato. "Network design and cost optimization for label switched multilayer photonic IP networks." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 23, no. 8 (2005): 1612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2005.851747.

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Dang, Dharanidhar, Sai Vineel Reddy Chittamuru, Sudeep Pasricha, Rabi Mahapatra, and Debashis Sahoo. "BPLight-CNN: A Photonics-Based Backpropagation Accelerator for Deep Learning." ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems 17, no. 4 (2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3446212.

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Training deep learning networks involves continuous weight updates across the various layers of the deep network while using a backpropagation (BP) algorithm. This results in expensive computation overheads during training. Consequently, most deep learning accelerators today employ pretrained weights and focus only on improving the design of the inference phase. The recent trend is to build a complete deep learning accelerator by incorporating the training module. Such efforts require an ultra-fast chip architecture for executing the BP algorithm. In this article, we propose a novel photonics-based backpropagation accelerator for high-performance deep learning training. We present the design for a convolutional neural network (CNN), BPLight-CNN , which incorporates the silicon photonics-based backpropagation accelerator. BPLight-CNN is a first-of-its-kind photonic and memristor-based CNN architecture for end-to-end training and prediction. We evaluate BPLight-CNN using a photonic CAD framework (IPKISS) on deep learning benchmark models, including LeNet and VGG-Net. The proposed design achieves (i) at least 34× speedup, 34× improvement in computational efficiency, and 38.5× energy savings during training; and (ii) 29× speedup, 31× improvement in computational efficiency, and 38.7× improvement in energy savings during inference compared with the state-of-the-art designs. All of these comparisons are done at a 16-bit resolution, and BPLight-CNN achieves these improvements at a cost of approximately 6% lower accuracy compared with the state-of-the-art.

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Tripathi, Devendra Kr. "Design and Investigations with all Optical Multilogic Network." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 3 (2019): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0046.

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Abstract This article presents investigation for all optical multilogic function in the proposed single photonic network. Logic operations the AND, OR, NOR, XNOR, NOT, Buffer, $\bar AB$, $A\bar B$ have been executed simultaneously at higher data rate for nonreturn-to-zero pattern on the different C-band wavelengths. Numerous logic functions have been accomplished by the optical multiplexer, couplers exploiting SOA nonlinearities, which are else contemplated as cons, if SOA is exercised as an amplifying device. Numerical simulation for parameters as bias voltage of the modulator, nonreturn-to-zero, return-to-zero, Mach-Zehnder type modulation formats, data rate and numerous drives as on-off-ramp, raised cosine, on-off-exp, on-off in conjunction with key design features length, width, thickness of SOA have been aptly explored in terms of the extinction factor. Investigations depicted good performance for the nonreturn-to-zero format. Accordingly, output patterns for the multilogic executions have been verified at 10 Gbps data rate with nonreturn-to-zero pattern. The proposed schematic could be one of the feasible means for the design of upcoming composite photonic computation higher data rate links, as it excludes need for most expensive optoelectronic translations.

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Tan, Xianfang, Mei Yang, Lei Zhang, Yingtao Jiang, and Jianyi Yang. "A Generic Optical Router Design for Photonic Network-on-Chips." Journal of Lightwave Technology 30, no. 3 (2012): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2011.2178019.

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Shinomiya, Norihiko, Takeshi Hoshida, Yuichi Akiyama, Hisao Nakashima, and Takafumi Terahara. "Hybrid Link/Path-Based Design for Translucent Photonic Network Dimensioning." Journal of Lightwave Technology 25, no. 10 (2007): 2931–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2007.905224.

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Zhang, Tian, Jia Wang, Yihang Dan, et al. "Efficient training and design of photonic neural network through neuroevolution." Optics Express 27, no. 26 (2019): 37150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.037150.

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Nagatsu, N. "Photonic network design issues and applications to the IP backbone." Journal of Lightwave Technology 18, no. 12 (2000): 2010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.908814.

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Amorntep, Wichasirikul, and Pijitrojana Wanchai. "Inhibited and Enhanced Spontaneous Emission Using Silicon-Based on Finite Thickness Photonic Crystal Waveguides." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.436.

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Inhibited and enhanced spontaneous emission of light is essential to quantum optics in design and development of high efficiency optical devices which are useful to security optical communication system. Thus, we performed to develop an efficient single photon source by controlling inhibited or enhanced spontaneous emission of the photon using silicon-based honeycomb lattice patterned finite thickness photonic crystal waveguide. A quantum dot embedded in planar photonic crystal membrane waveguide is the light source. The honeycomb lattice of circular air holes on silicon plate is simulated to obtain large completely photonic band gaps. This significant property shows the potential applied guide modes of photonic crystal membrane for controlling inhibited or enhanced spontaneous emission between the quantum dots and the photonic crystal waveguide. Significantly, this work is oriented to produce the novel single photon sources which can emit one photon at a time for the quantum optical security network with single photon state. In addition to the honeycomb lattice can easily be made on a Si on insulator (SOI) wafer.

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Chen, Ying, Teng Liu, Wenyue Wang, Qiguang Zhu, and Weihong Bi. "Refractive index sensing performance analysis of photonic crystal Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on BP neural network optimization." Modern Physics Letters B 29, no. 10 (2015): 1550040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984915500402.

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According to the band gap and photon localization characteristics, the single-arm notching and the double-arm notching Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structures based on 2D triangular lattice air hole-typed photonic crystal waveguide are proposed. The back-propagation (BP) neural network is introduced to optimize the structural parameters of the photonic crystal MZI structure, which results in the normalized transmission peak increasing from 85.3% to 97.1%. The sensitivity performances of the two structures are compared and analyzed using the Salmonella solution samples with different concentrations in the numerical simulation. The results show that the sensitivity of the double-arm notching structure is 4583 nm/RIU, which is about 6.4 times of the single-arm notching structure, which can provide some references for the optimization of the photonic devices and the design of high-sensitivity biosensors.

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Bourassa, J. Eli, Rafael N. Alexander, Michael Vasmer, et al. "Blueprint for a Scalable Photonic Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer." Quantum 5 (February 4, 2021): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-02-04-392.

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Photonics is the platform of choice to build a modular, easy-to-network quantum computer operating at room temperature. However, no concrete architecture has been presented so far that exploits both the advantages of qubits encoded into states of light and the modern tools for their generation. Here we propose such a design for a scalable fault-tolerant photonic quantum computer informed by the latest developments in theory and technology. Central to our architecture is the generation and manipulation of three-dimensional resource states comprising both bosonic qubits and squeezed vacuum states. The proposal exploits state-of-the-art procedures for the non-deterministic generation of bosonic qubits combined with the strengths of continuous-variable quantum computation, namely the implementation of Clifford gates using easy-to-generate squeezed states. Moreover, the architecture is based on two-dimensional integrated photonic chips used to produce a qubit cluster state in one temporal and two spatial dimensions. By reducing the experimental challenges as compared to existing architectures and by enabling room-temperature quantum computation, our design opens the door to scalable fabrication and operation, which may allow photonics to leap-frog other platforms on the path to a quantum computer with millions of qubits.

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Mathur, Manisha, Jaynendra Kumar Rai, and Nilakantan Sridhar. "Microwave photonic network for active electronically scanned array radar." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 3 (2016): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078716000295.

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Active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar has large number oftransmit/Receive (T/R) modules which require multiple microwave and digital signals. Distribution of these signals through conventional method such as coaxial cable, twisted pair, etc. not only introduces engineering complexities and signal loss but also have limitation of bandwidth, data rate, transmission distance, etc. This paper addresses design and implementation of microwave photonic network for distribution of microwave and digital signals over single optical fiber using wavelength division multiplexing for AESA radars. The design challenge is to limit the variation in output radio frequency power within ±1 dB over full operational band of radar from 2 to 4 GHz and functionality under hostile military environment. Optical amplifiers have been used in all channels to stabilize optical output independent of wavelength with automatic light control. The optical signal is split into 64 identical parts to feed multiplexed signal into different digital receivers physically spread across the antenna array. It is an additional challenge to normalize performance as all 64 receivers show variation in output in spite of identical electronic circuitry. Experimental results validate the feasibility of microwave photonic network for wide branching distribution of multiple microwave and digital signals for AESA radar.

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Unni, Rohit, Kan Yao, and Yuebing Zheng. "Deep Convolutional Mixture Density Network for Inverse Design of Layered Photonic Structures." ACS Photonics 7, no. 10 (2020): 2703–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.0c00630.

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Mathur, Manisha, J. K. Rai, and N. Sridhar. "Design and Validation of Rugged Microwave Photonic Network for Phased-Array Radar." Fiber and Integrated Optics 34, no. 5-6 (2015): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01468030.2015.1117166.

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Ivanov, Andre. "A Look at Asynchronous Design and Photonic Network-on-a-Chip (PNoC)." IEEE Design & Test 32, no. 3 (2015): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdat.2015.2417799.

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Sunny, Febin P., Asif Mirza, Mahdi Nikdast, and Sudeep Pasricha. "ROBIN: A Robust Optical Binary Neural Network Accelerator." ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 20, no. 5s (2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3476988.

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Domain specific neural network accelerators have garnered attention because of their improved energy efficiency and inference performance compared to CPUs and GPUs. Such accelerators are thus well suited for resource-constrained embedded systems. However, mapping sophisticated neural network models on these accelerators still entails significant energy and memory consumption, along with high inference time overhead. Binarized neural networks (BNNs), which utilize single-bit weights, represent an efficient way to implement and deploy neural network models on accelerators. In this paper, we present a novel optical-domain BNN accelerator, named ROBIN , which intelligently integrates heterogeneous microring resonator optical devices with complementary capabilities to efficiently implement the key functionalities in BNNs. We perform detailed fabrication-process variation analyses at the optical device level, explore efficient corrective tuning for these devices, and integrate circuit-level optimization to counter thermal variations. As a result, our proposed ROBIN architecture possesses the desirable traits of being robust, energy-efficient, low latency, and high throughput, when executing BNN models. Our analysis shows that ROBIN can outperform the best-known optical BNN accelerators and many electronic accelerators. Specifically, our energy-efficient ROBIN design exhibits energy-per-bit values that are ∼4 × lower than electronic BNN accelerators and ∼933 × lower than a recently proposed photonic BNN accelerator, while a performance-efficient ROBIN design shows ∼3 × and ∼25 × better performance than electronic and photonic BNN accelerators, respectively.

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Anika, Nusrat Jahan, and Md Borhan Mia. "Design and analysis of guided modes in photonic waveguides using optical neural network." Optik 228 (February 2021): 165785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.165785.

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Li, Cheng, Mark Browning, Paul V. Gratz, and Samuel Palermo. "LumiNOC: A Power-Efficient, High-Performance, Photonic Network-on-Chip." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 33, no. 6 (2014): 826–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2014.2320510.

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Goki, Imran, Porzi, et al. "Lossless WDM PON Photonic Integrated Receivers Including SOAs." Applied Sciences 9, no. 12 (2019): 2457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9122457.

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The role of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) for amplifying downstream traffic at optical network terminals (ONT) within a silicon-photonics integrated receiver in a high capacity passive optical network (PON) is investigated. The nearly traveling wave SOA effects are evaluated by considering fabrication and link loss constraints through numerical analysis and experimental validation. The impact of hybrid integration of a SOA chip on a silicon on insulator (SOI) photonic chip using the flip chip bonding technique on SOA design is evaluated through numerical analysis of a multi section cavity model. The performance of the proposed ONT receiver design employing twin parallel SOAs is evaluated experimentally on a 32 × 25 Gb/s OOK WDM transmission system considering cross gain modulation (XGM) and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) constraints. The XGM impact is evaluated through 32 channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission and a likely PON worst case scenario of high channel power difference (~10 dB) between adjacent channels. The impact of ASE is evaluated through the worst-case polarization condition, i.e., when all of the signal is coupled to only one. Successful transmission was achieved in both worst-case conditions with limited impact on performance. SOA results indicate that a maximum residual facet reflectivity of 4 × 10−4 for the chip-bonded device can lead to a power penalty below 2 dB in a polarization-diversity twin SOAs receiver.

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Soeriyadi, Alexander H., Bakul Gupta, Peter J. Reece, and J. Justin Gooding. "Optimising the enzyme response of a porous silicon photonic crystal via the modular design of enzyme sensitive polymers." Polym. Chem. 5, no. 7 (2014): 2333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3py01638b.

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The incorporation of a versatile and tuneable polymer–peptide network into the pores of porous silicon photonic crystals improves the selectivity of porous silicon optical biosensors to detect certain types of matrix metalloproteinase enzymes.

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Chen, Yingshi, Jinfeng Zhu, Yinong Xie, Naixing Feng, and Qing Huo Liu. "Smart inverse design of graphene-based photonic metamaterials by an adaptive artificial neural network." Nanoscale 11, no. 19 (2019): 9749–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr01315f.

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Svaluto Moreolo, Michela, Josep M. Fàbrega, and Laia Nadal. "Sliceable BVT Evolution Towards Programmable Multi-Tb/s Networking." Electronics 8, no. 12 (2019): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121476.

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The sliceable bandwidth variable transceiver (S-BVT) is a key element in addressing the challenges and evolution of optical networks, and supporting the ever-increasing traffic volume, speed, and dynamicity driven by novel and broadband services and applications. Multiple designs and configurations are possible and are evolving towards supporting multi-Tb/s networking, thanks to the adoption of advanced and more mature photonic technologies. In this work, we review and analyze alternative S-BVT design architecture options that target different network segments and applications. We specifically focus on S-BVTs based on multicarrier modulation (MCM), which provide a wide range of granularity and more flexible spectral manipulation. A detailed description of the main elements in an S-BVT and their characteristics is provided in order to give design guidelines. The performance in a real testbed network is also reported, comparing a set of S-BVT configurations that adopt different technologies. Finally, an extensive discussion of the described architecture, functionalities, and results, including programmability aspects, is provided in view of S-BVT evolution towards future optical network requirements and needs.

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Ghosh, P., K. Basu, and S. K. Das. "A Novel Photonic Container Switched Architecture and Scheduler to Design the Core Transport Network." IEEE Transactions on Computers 56, no. 8 (2007): 1087–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tc.2007.1061.

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Rakshit, Jayanta Kumar. "Design of Micro-ring Resonator Based 4 × 4 Optical Router for Photonic Network Applications." Brazilian Journal of Physics 50, no. 5 (2020): 582–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13538-020-00767-6.

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Tu, Xin, Wansheng Xie, Zhenmin Chen, et al. "Analysis of Deep Neural Network Models for Inverse Design of Silicon Photonic Grating Coupler." Journal of Lightwave Technology 39, no. 9 (2021): 2790–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2021.3057473.

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IONICIOIU, RADU, and WILLIAM J. MUNRO. "CONSTRUCTING 2D AND 3D CLUSTER STATES WITH PHOTONIC MODULES." International Journal of Quantum Information 08, no. 01n02 (2010): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749910006265.

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Large-scale quantum information processing and distributed quantum computation require the ability to perform entangling operations on a large number of qubits. We describe a new photonic module which prepares, deterministically, photonic cluster states using an atom in a cavity as an ancilla. Based on this module, we design a network for constructing 2D cluster states and then we extend the architecture to 3D topological cluster states. Advantages of our design include a passive switching mechanism and the possibility of using global control pulses for the atoms in the cavity. The architecture described here is well-suited for integrated photonic circuits on a chip and could be used as a basis of a future quantum optical processor or in a quantum repeater node.

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Poddar, Soumyajit, Prasun Ghosal, and Hafizur Rahaman. "Design of a High-Performance CDMA-Based Broadcast-Free Photonic Multi-Core Network on Chip." ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 15, no. 1 (2016): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2839301.

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Fusiek, Grzegorz, and Pawel Niewczas. "Photonic Voltage Transducer with Lightning Impulse Protection for Distributed Monitoring of MV Networks." Sensors 20, no. 17 (2020): 4830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174830.

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The design, construction and characterization of a photonic voltage transducer with a lightning impulse protection for distributed measurements on medium voltage (MV) networks (11 kV) was presented in this paper. The sensor prototype, comprising a combination of a piezoelectric transducer and a fibre Bragg grating (FBG) as a core optical sensing element, and a dedicated lightning protection device comprising a set of reactive components, was evaluated through laboratory testing and its performance was assessed based on the accuracy requirements specified by the relevant industry standards. It was demonstrated that the sensor has the potential to meet the accuracy requirements for the 3P protection and 0.2 metering classes specified by the IEC 60044-7. The device successfully underwent lightning impulse withstand tests, satisfying the safety requirements applicable to 11 kV networks as specified by the standard. The usage of an FBG as a photonic sensing component enables the multiplexing of multiple such sensors to provide the distributed measurement of voltage along a power network.

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Mukherjee, Chhandak, Marina Deng, Virginie Nodjiadjim, et al. "Towards Monolithic Indium Phosphide (InP)-Based Electronic Photonic Technologies for beyond 5G Communication Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (2021): 2393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052393.

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This review paper reports the prerequisites of a monolithic integrated terahertz (THz) technology capable of meeting the network capacity requirements of beyond-5G wireless communications system (WCS). Keeping in mind that the terahertz signal generation for the beyond-5G networks relies on the technology power loss management, we propose a single computationally efficient software design tool featuring cutting-edge optical devices and high speed III–V electronics for the design of optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) monolithically integrated on a single Indium-Phosphide (InP) die. Through the implementation of accurate and SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis)-compatible compact models of uni-traveling carrier photodiodes (UTC-PDs) and InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs), we demonstrated that the next generation of THz technologies for beyond-5G networks requires (i) a multi-physical understanding of their operation described through electrical, photonic and thermal equations, (ii) dedicated test structures for characterization in the frequency range higher than 110 GHz, (iii) a dedicated parameter extraction procedure, along with (iv) a circuit reliability assessment methodology. Developed on the research and development activities achieved in the past two decades, we detailed each part of the multiphysics design optimization approach while ensuring technology power loss management through a holistic procedure compatible with existing software tools and design flow for the timely and cost-effective achievement of THz OEICs.

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Jian, Jie, Mingche Lai, and Liquan Xiao. "Optimize the Power Consumption and SNR of the 3D Photonic High-Radix Switch Architecture Based on Extra Channels and Redundant Rings." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8074074.

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The demand from exascale computing has made the design of high-radix switch chips an attractive and challenging research field in EHPC (exascale high-performance computing). The static power, due to the thermal sensitivity and process variation of the microresonator rings, and the cross talk noise of the optical network become the main bottlenecks of the network’s scalability. This paper proposes the analyze model of the trimming power, process variation power, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the Graphein-based high-radix optical switch networks and uses the extra channels and the redundant rings to decrease the trimming power and the process variation power. The paper also explores the SNR under different configurations. The simulation result shows that when using 8 extra channels in the 64×64 crossbar optical network, the trimming power reduces almost 80% and the process variation power decreases 65% by adding 16 redundant rings in the 64×64 crossbar optical network. All of these schemes have little influence on the SNR. Meanwhile, the greater channel spacing has great advantages to decrease the static power and increase the SNR of the optical network.

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Tripathi, Devendra Kr. "Investigations with Reversible Feynman Gate and Irreversible Logic Schematics." Journal of Optical Communications 40, no. 4 (2019): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0106.

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Abstract In the contemporary world there is enormous hike in communication engineering applications, outcome with massive heat dissipation from the processing nodes. So energy efficient information network is one of paramount issue nowadays. For that optical reversible computing could be a landmark with base as optical logic gate. Reduction in power dissipation, consumption could be accomplished through a blend of reversible and irreversible optical processing and the nodes may recuperate the data. Accordingly, in this article two designs with semiconductor optical amplifier, used as Mach–Zehnder interferometer based all optical reversible Feynman gate, irreversible AND logic gate within a single photonic circuit has been proposed. The output waveforms for AND logic operation, Feynman logic the P (data output identical to input), Q (A ⊕ B) has been verified at 100 Gbps data rate. The designs have been evaluated on the basis of key parameter extinction ratio factor. Numerical simulations have inferred excellent ER performance with design-2(ER>13 dB) in contrast to design-1(ER as 10.2 dB). Performance evaluations for significant deign parameters as pump current, length, width, carrier transport, confine and current injection factor yielded excellent performance. This evaluation could be an assist toward design of contemporary optical networks.

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Krzeminski, Jakub, Bartosz Blicharz, Andrzej Skalski, Grzegorz Wroblewski, Małgorzata Jakubowska, and Marcin Sloma. "Photonic curing of silver paths on 3D printed polymer substrate." Circuit World 45, no. 1 (2019): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-11-2018-0084.

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Purpose Despite almost limitless possibilities of rapid prototyping, the idea of 3D printed fully functional electronic device still has not been fulfilled – the missing point is a highly conductive material suitable for this technique. The purpose of this paper is to present the usage of the photonic curing process for sintering highly conductive paths printed on the polymer substrate. Design/methodology/approach This paper evaluates two photonic curing processes for the conductive network formulation during the additive manufacturing process. Along with the xenon flash sintering for aerosol jet-printed paths, this paper examines rapid infrared sintering for thick-film and direct write techniques. Findings This paper proves that the combination of fused deposition modeling, aerosol jet printing or paste deposition, along with photonic sintering, is suitable to obtain elements with low resistivity of 3,75·10−8 Ωm. Presented outcomes suggest the solution for fabrication of the structural electronics systems for daily-use applications. Originality/value The combination of fused deposition modelling (FDM) and aerosol jet printing or paste deposition used with photonic sintering process can fill the missing point for highly conductive materials for structural electronics.

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Nguyen, Vinh Huu, In Ki Kim, and Tae Joon Seok. "Silicon Photonic Mode-Division Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers with Mode-Selective Integrated MEMS Switches." Photonics 7, no. 4 (2020): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7040080.

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Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is an attractive solution for future on-chip networks to enhance the optical transmission capacity with a single laser source. A mode-division reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) is one of the key components to construct flexible and complex on-chip optical networks for MDM systems. In this paper, we report on a novel scheme of mode-division ROADM with mode-selective silicon photonic MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) switches. With this ROADM device, data carried by any mode-channels can be rerouted or switched at an MDM network node, i.e., any mode could be added/dropped to/from the multimode bus waveguide flexibly and selectively. Particularly, the design and simulation of adiabatic vertical couplers for three quasi-TE modes (TE0, TE1, and TE2 modes) based on effective index analysis and mode overlap calculation method are reported. The calculated insertion losses are less than 0.08 dB, 0.19 dB, and 0.03 dB for the TE0 mode, TE1 mode, and TE2 mode couplers, respectively, over a wavelength range of 75 nm (1515–1590 nm). The crosstalks are below −20 dB over the bandwidth. The proposed device is promising for future on-chip optical networks with flexible functionality and large-scale integration.

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Asano, Takashi, and Susumu Noda. "Iterative optimization of photonic crystal nanocavity designs by using deep neural networks." Nanophotonics 8, no. 12 (2019): 2243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0308.

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AbstractDevices based on two-dimensional photonic-crystal nanocavities, which are defined by their air hole patterns, usually require a high quality (Q) factor to achieve high performance. We demonstrate that hole patterns with very high Q factors can be efficiently found by the iteration procedure consisting of machine learning of the relation between the hole pattern and the corresponding Q factor and new dataset generation based on the regression function obtained by machine learning. First, a dataset comprising randomly generated cavity structures and their first principles Q factors is prepared. Then a deep neural network is trained using the initial dataset to obtain a regression function that approximately predicts the Q factors from the structural parameters. Several candidates for higher Q factors are chosen by searching the parameter space using the regression function. After adding these new structures and their first principles Q factors to the training dataset, the above process is repeated. As an example, a standard silicon-based L3 cavity is optimized by this method. A cavity design with a high Q factor exceeding 11 million is found within 101 iteration steps and a total of 8070 cavity structures. This theoretical Q factor is more than twice the previously reported record values of the cavity designs detected by the evolutionary algorithm and the leaky mode visualization method. It is found that structures with higher Q factors can be detected within less iteration steps by exploring not only the parameter space near the present highest-Q structure but also that distant from the present dataset.

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Olyaee, Saeed. "Ultra-fast and compact all-optical encoder based on photonic crystal nano-resonator without using nonlinear materials." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 1 (2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i1.890.

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In this paper an ultra-compact all-optical encoder is presented by using a two-dimensional photonic crystal. The designed logic gate is based on the interference effect. The proposed structure consists of several photonic crystal waveguides connected by 2 nano-resonators. The nano-resonators are designed to reduce the size of the radius of the dielectric rods. The contrast ratios and delay time for the proposed all-optical encoder are respectively 6 dB and 125 fs. The size of the structure is equal to 132 µm2. Equality of the output power in the logic states “one”, the small dimensions, the low delay time, compact and simple structure have shown that the logic gate is suitable for the using in optical integrated circuits. Full Text: PDF ReferencesA. Salmanpour, Sh. Mohammadnejad, A. Bahrami, "Photonic crystal logic gates: an overview", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 2249 (2015). CrossRef S. C. Xavier, B. E. Carolin, A. p. Kabilan, W. Johnson, "Compact photonic crystal integrated circuit for all-optical logic operation", IET Optoelectronics. 10, 142 (2016). CrossRef Y. Miyoshi, K. Ikeda, H. Tobioka, T. Inoue, S. Namiki, K. Kitayama, "Ultrafast all-optical logic gate using a nonlinear optical loop mirror based multi-periodic transfer function", Optics Express. 16, 2570 (2008). CrossRef D. K. Gayen, A. Bhattachryya, T. Chattopadhyay, J. N. Roy, "Ultrafast All-Optical Half Adder Using Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier-Based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer", Journal of Lightwave Technology. 30, 3387 (2012). CrossRef A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, S. Olyaee, "All-optical NOT and XOR logic gates using photonic crystal nano-resonator and based on an interference effect", IET Optoelectronics. 12, 191 (2018). CrossRef Z. Mohebbi, N. Nozhat, F. Emami, "High contrast all-optical logic gates based on 2D nonlinear photonic crystal", Optics Communications. 355, 130 (2015). CrossRef M. Mansouri-Birjandi, M. Ghadrdan, "Full-optical tunable add/drop filter based on nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators", Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications. 21, 44 (2016). CrossRef H. Alipour-Banaei, S. Serajmohammadi, F. Mehdizadeh, "Effect of scattering rods in the frequency response of photonic crystal demultiplexers", Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials. 17, 259 (2015). DirectLink A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, S. Olyaee, H. Arman, "Optical Biochemical Sensor Using Photonic Crystal Nano-ring Resonators for the Detection of Protein Concentration", Current Nanoscience. 13, 421 (2017). CrossRef S. Olyaee, A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, "Designing a novel photonic crystal nano-ring resonator for biosensor application", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 1881 (2015). CrossRef F. Parandin, R. Malmir, M. Naseri, A. Zahedi, "Reconfigurable all-optical NOT, XOR, and NOR logic gates based on two dimensional photonic crystals", Superlattices and Microstructures. 113, 737 (2018). CrossRef F. Mehdizadeh, M. Soroosh, H. Alipour-Banaei, "Proposal for 4-to-2 optical encoder based on photonic crystals", IET Optoelectronics. 11, 29 (2017). CrossRef M. Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban, R. Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, H. Alipour-Banaei, "A novel all optical reversible 4 × 2 encoder based on photonic crystals", Optik. 126, 2368 (2015). CrossRef T. A. Moniem, "All-optical digital 4 × 2 encoder based on 2D photonic crystal ring resonators", Journal of Modern Optics. 63, 735 (2016). CrossRef S. Gholamnejad, M. Zavvari, "Design and analysis of all-optical 4–2 binary encoder based on photonic crystal", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 49, 302 (2017). CrossRef H. Seif-Dargahi, "Ultra-fast all-optical encoder using photonic crystal-based ring resonators", Photonic Network Communications. 36, 272 (2018). CrossRef S. Olyaee, M. Seifouri, A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, and M. Sardari, "Realization of all-optical NOT and XOR logic gates based on interference effect with high contrast ratio and ultra-compacted size", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 50, 12 (2018). CrossRef C. J. Wu, C. P. Liu, Z. Ouyang, "Compact and low-power optical logic NOT gate based on photonic crystal waveguides without optical amplifiers and nonlinear materials", Applied Optics.51, 680 (2012). CrossRef Y. C. Jiang, S. B. Liu, H. F. Zhang, X. K. Kong. "Realization of all optical half-adder based on self-collimated beams by two-dimensional photonic crystals", Optics Communications. 348, 90 (2015). CrossRef A. Salmanpour, S. Mohammadnejad, P. T. Omran, "All-optical photonic crystal NOT and OR logic gates using nonlinear Kerr effect and ring resonators", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 3689 (2015). CrossRef E. H. Shaik, N. Rangaswamy, "Single photonic crystal structure for realization of NAND and NOR logic functions by cascading basic gates", Journal of Computational Electronics. 17, 337 (2018). CrossRef

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Hung, Yung-Jr, San-Liang Lee, and Yen-Ting Pan. "Design of wavelength adjustable lasers with photonic crystal based Fabry-Perot etalon for applications in optical network units of wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network systems." Optical Review 16, no. 3 (2009): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-009-0068-6.

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Kumar, Mohit, and Joondong Kim. "Neuromorphic Spatiotemporal Information Processing Using Neuro-Photodetector Systems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (2020): 8358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238358.

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Spatiotemporal information processing within the human brain is done by a joint task of neurons and synapses with direct optical inputs. Therefore, to mimic this neurofunction using photonic devices could be an essential step to design future artificial visual recognition and memory storage systems. Herein, we proposed and developed a proof-of-principle two-terminal device that exhibits key features of neuron (integration, leaky, and relaxation) and synapse (short- and long-term memory) together in response with direct optical input stimuli. Importantly, these devices with processing and memory features, are further effectively integrated to build an artificial neural network, which are enabled to do neuromorphic spatiotemporal image sensing. Our approach provides a simple but effective route to implement for an artificial visual recognition system, which also has applications in edge computing and the internet of things.

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Brod, Daniel Jost, and Michał Oszmaniec. "Classical simulation of linear optics subject to nonuniform losses." Quantum 4 (May 14, 2020): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-05-14-267.

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We present a comprehensive study of the impact of non-uniform, i.e. path-dependent, photonic losses on the computational complexity of linear-optical processes. Our main result states that, if each beam splitter in a network induces some loss probability, non-uniform network designs cannot circumvent the efficient classical simulations based on losses.To achieve our result we obtain new intermediate results that can be of independent interest. First we show that, for any network of lossy beam-splitters, it is possible to extract a layer of non-uniform losses that depends on the network geometry. We prove that, for every input mode of the network it is possible to commute si layers of losses to the input, where si is the length of the shortest path connecting the ith input to any output. We then extend a recent classical simulation algorithm due to P. Clifford and R. Clifford to allow for arbitrary n-photon input Fock states (i.e. to include collision states). Consequently, we identify two types of input states where boson sampling becomes classically simulable: (A) when n input photons occupy a constant number of input modes; (B) when all but O(log⁡n) photons are concentrated on a single input mode, while an additional O(log⁡n) modes contain one photon each.

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Mao, Simei, Lirong Cheng, Caiyue Zhao, Faisal Nadeem Khan, Qian Li, and H. Y. Fu. "Inverse Design for Silicon Photonics: From Iterative Optimization Algorithms to Deep Neural Networks." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 3822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093822.

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Silicon photonics is a low-cost and versatile platform for various applications. For design of silicon photonic devices, the light-material interaction within its complex subwavelength geometry is difficult to investigate analytically and therefore numerical simulations are majorly adopted. To make the design process more time-efficient and to improve the device performance to its physical limits, various methods have been proposed over the past few years to manipulate the geometries of silicon platform for specific applications. In this review paper, we summarize the design methodologies for silicon photonics including iterative optimization algorithms and deep neural networks. In case of iterative optimization methods, we discuss them in different scenarios in the sequence of increased degrees of freedom: empirical structure, QR-code like structure and irregular structure. We also review inverse design approaches assisted by deep neural networks, which generate multiple devices with similar structure much faster than iterative optimization methods and are thus suitable in situations where piles of optical components are needed. Finally, the applications of inverse design methodology in optical neural networks are also discussed. This review intends to provide the readers with the suggestion for the most suitable design methodology for a specific scenario.

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Wyborski, Paweł, Anna Musiał, Paweł Mrowiński, et al. "InP-Substrate-Based Quantum Dashes on a DBR as Single-Photon Emitters at the Third Telecommunication Window." Materials 14, no. 4 (2021): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040759.

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We investigated emission properties of photonic structures with InAs/InGaAlAs/InP quantum dashes grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a distributed Bragg reflector. In high-spatial-resolution photoluminescence experiment, well-resolved sharp spectral lines are observed and single-photon emission is detected in the third telecommunication window characterized by very low multiphoton events probabilities. The photoluminescence spectra measured on simple photonic structures in the form of cylindrical mesas reveal significant intensity enhancement by a factor of 4 when compared to a planar sample. These results are supported by simulations of the electromagnetic field distribution, which show emission extraction efficiencies even above 18% for optimized designs. When combined with relatively simple and undemanding fabrication approach, it makes this kind of structures competitive with the existing solutions in that spectral range and prospective in the context of efficient and practical single-photon sources for fiber-based quantum networks applications.

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Mason, Lorne, Anton Vinokurov, Ning Zhao, and David Plant. "Topological design and dimensioning of Agile All-Photonic Networks." Computer Networks 50, no. 2 (2006): 268–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2005.05.023.

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Xu, Yihao, Xianzhe Zhang, Yun Fu, and Yongmin Liu. "Interfacing photonics with artificial intelligence: an innovative design strategy for photonic structures and devices based on artificial neural networks." Photonics Research 9, no. 4 (2021): B135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/prj.417693.

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Hakansson, A., J. Sanchez-Deh, and L. Sanchis. "Inverse design of photonic crystal devices." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 23, no. 7 (2005): 1365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2005.851190.

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Koshelev, Kirill, Gael Favraud, Andrey Bogdanov, Yuri Kivshar, and Andrea Fratalocchi. "Nonradiating photonics with resonant dielectric nanostructures." Nanophotonics 8, no. 5 (2019): 725–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0024.

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AbstractNonradiating sources of energy have traditionally been studied in quantum mechanics and astrophysics but have received very little attention in the photonics community. This situation has changed recently due to a number of pioneering theoretical studies and remarkable experimental demonstrations of the exotic states of light in dielectric resonant photonic structures and metasurfaces, with the possibility to localize efficiently the electromagnetic fields of high intensities within small volumes of matter. These recent advances underpin novel concepts in nanophotonics and provide a promising pathway to overcome the problem of losses usually associated with metals and plasmonic materials for the efficient control of light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. This review paper provides a general background and several snapshots of the recent results in this young yet prominent research field, focusing on two types of nonradiating states of light that both have been recently at the center of many studies in all-dielectric resonant meta-optics and metasurfaces: optical anapoles and photonic bound states in the continuum. We discuss a brief history of these states in optics, as well as their underlying physics and manifestations, and also emphasize their differences and similarities. We also review some applications of such novel photonic states in both linear and nonlinear optics for the nanoscale field enhancement, a design of novel dielectric structures with high-Q resonances, nonlinear wave mixing, and enhanced harmonic generation, as well as advanced concepts for lasing and optical neural networks.

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Klatt, Michael A., Paul J. Steinhardt, and Salvatore Torquato. "Phoamtonic designs yield sizeable 3D photonic band gaps." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 47 (2019): 23480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912730116.

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We show that it is possible to construct foam-based heterostructures with complete photonic band gaps. Three-dimensional foams are promising candidates for the self-organization of large photonic networks with combinations of physical characteristics that may be useful for applications. The largest band gap found is based on 3D Weaire–Phelan foam, a structure that was originally introduced as a solution to the Kelvin problem of finding the 3D tessellation composed of equal-volume cells that has the least surface area. The photonic band gap has a maximal size of 16.9% (at a volume fraction of 21.6% for a dielectric contrast ε=13) and a high degree of isotropy, properties that are advantageous in designing photonic waveguides and circuits. We also present results for 2 other foam-based heterostructures based on Kelvin and C15 foams that have somewhat smaller but still significant band gaps.

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Leykam, Daniel, and Dimitris G. Angelakis. "Photonic band structure design using persistent homology." APL Photonics 6, no. 3 (2021): 030802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0041084.

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Vahidzadeh, Ehsan, and Karthik Shankar. "Artificial Neural Network-Based Prediction of the Optical Properties of Spherical Core–Shell Plasmonic Metastructures." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (2021): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030633.

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The substitution of time- and labor-intensive empirical research as well as slow finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations with revolutionary techniques such as artificial neural network (ANN)-based predictive modeling is the next trend in the field of nanophotonics. In this work, we demonstrated that neural networks with proper architectures can rapidly predict the far-field optical response of core–shell plasmonic metastructures. The results obtained with artificial neural networks are comparable with FDTD simulations in accuracy but the speed of obtaining them is between 100–1000 times faster than FDTD simulations. Further, we have proven that ANNs does not have problems associated with FDTD simulations such as dependency of the speed of convergence on the size of the structure. The other trend in photonics is the inverse design problem, where the far-field optical response of a spherical core–shell metastructure can be linked to the design parameters such as type of the material(s), core radius, and shell thickness using a neural network. The findings of this paper provide evidence that machine learning (ML) techniques such as artificial neural networks can potentially replace time-consuming finite domain methods in the future.

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Yaghoubi, Elham, Midia Reshadi, and Mehdi Hosseinzadeh. "Mach–Zehnder-based optical router design for photonic networks on chip." Optical Engineering 54, no. 3 (2015): 035102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.54.3.035102.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Photonic network design'

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