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Journal articles on the topic 'Photonuclear reaction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Fujii, S., and M. Hatchya. "Photonuclear reaction." Il Nuovo Cimento A 109, no. 1 (1996): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02734433.

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2

Bayram, Tuncay, Serkan Akkoyun, Serhat Uruk, Haris Dapo, Fatih Dulger, and Ismail Boztosun. "Transition energy and half-life determinations of photonuclear reaction products of erbium nuclei." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 12 (2016): 1650107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830131650107x.

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Photon induced reactions are called as photonuclear reactions and used in many research fields of nuclear science and nuclear physics. The photonuclear data are used in many nuclear applications such as radiation shielding and protection, radiation transport analyses, reactor core design, activation analysis and nuclear waste transmutation. In the past, many studies had been devoted to extract photonuclear data covering the isotopic chart. However, there is still lack of existing data. In the present study, we have performed photonuclear reactions on erbium (Er) target by using clinical electr

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3

Xu, Y., S. Goriely, D. L. Balabanski, et al. "Capture and photonuclear reaction rates involving charged-particles: Impacts of nuclear ingredients and future measurement on ELI-NP." EPJ Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817804007.

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The astrophysical p-process is an important way of nucleosynthesis to produce the stable and proton-rich nuclei beyond Fe which can not be reached by the s- and r-processes. In the present study, the impact of nuclear ingredients, especially the nuclear potential, level density and strength function, to the astrophysical re-action rates of (p,γ), (α,γ), (γ,p), and (γ,α) reactions are systematically studied. The calculations are performed basad on the modern reaction code TALYS for about 3000 stable and proton-rich nuclei with 12≤Z≤110. In particular, both of the Wood-Saxon potential and the mi

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4

Wang, X. L., Z. Y. Tan, W. Luo, Z. C. Zhu, X. D. Wang, and Y. M. Song. "Photo-transmutation of long-lived radionuclide 135Cs by laser–plasma driven electron source." Laser and Particle Beams 34, no. 3 (2016): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034616000318.

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AbstractLaser-driven relativistic electrons can be focused onto a high-Z convertor for generating high-brightness γ-rays, which in turn can be used to induce photonuclear reactions. In this work, photo-transmutation of long-lived radionuclide 135Cs induced by laser–plasma–interaction-driven electron source is demonstrated using Geant4 simulation (Agostinelli et al., 2003 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A506, 250). High-energy electron generation, bremsstrahlung, as well as photonuclear reaction are observed at four different laser intensities: 1020, 5 × 1020, 1021, and 5 × 1021 W/cm2. The transmutation e

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5

Bakhshiyan, T. M., and G. H. Hovhannisyan. "Formation of medical radioisotope ¹¹¹In in photonuclear reactions." Journal of Instrumentation 19, no. 07 (2024): C07010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/19/07/c07010.

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Abstract The possibility of photonuclear production of 111In radioisotope has been investigated. The enriched target 112Sn was irradiated at the linear electron accelerator LUE-75 of A. Alikhanian National Science Laboratory (Yerevan, Armenia) at the bremsstrahlung endpoint energy Eγmax = 55 MeV. The cross section per equivalent quantum for reactions 112Sn(γ,x)111In, 112Sn(γ,n)111Sn, 112Sn(γ,2n)110Sn, 112Sn(γ,3n)109Sn,112 Sn(γ,pn)110mIn, 112Sn(γ,pn)110g110In, 112Sn(γ,p2n)109In have been measured via the method of activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. The cross section per equi

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6

He, Chuangye, Yongle Dang, Fulong Liu та ін. "Photonuclear reaction study with the (p, γ) resonance γ-source". EPJ Web of Conferences 239 (2020): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023901014.

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The (p, γ) resonance is a good way to produce monoenergetic γ rays. It becomes an important tool for studying photonuclear reactions. In this work, 13C(p, γ)14N resonance is studied to produce 9.17 MeV γ ray using the 2 × 1.7 MV tandem accelerator at CIAE. The flux of 9.17 MeV γ was determined to be 2.3 × 105/s. 197Au photoneutron cross section was measured to be 45.4 ± 6.9 mb under the irradiation of 13C(p, γ)14N resonance γ -source. The value is close to the previous results. It certificates that we have developed an experimental method for photonuclear reaction study.

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7

Davydov, M. G., G. N. Potetyunko, and I. B. Rakhmanov. "Calculation of photonuclear reaction yields." Atomic Energy 77, no. 2 (1994): 641–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02407440.

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8

Kuzin, A., R. Rassool, and MN Thompson. "De-excitation Gamma-ray Technique for Improved Resolution in Intermediate Energy Photonuclear Reactions." Australian Journal of Physics 49, no. 6 (1996): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph961075.

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Use of residual-state decay γ-rays could be a powerful tool in the study of photonuclear reactions. The practicality of this technique in a tagged-photon experiment is demonstrated for the first time with data on the 12C(γ,p) reaction.

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9

Vagena, E., та S. Stoulos. "Average cross section measurement for 162Er(γ,n) reaction compared with theoretical calculations using TALYS". HNPS Proceedings 24 (1 квітня 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1854.

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Bremsstrahlung photon beam delivered by a linear electron accelerator has been used to experimentally determine the near threshold photonuclear cross section data of nuclides. For the first time, (γ,n) cross section data was obtained for the astrophysical important nucleus 162Er. Moreover, theoretical calculations have been applied using the TALYS 1.6 code. The effect of the gamma ray strength function on the cross section calculations has been studied. A satisfactorily reproduction of the available experimental data of photonuclear cross section at the energy region below 20 MeV could be achi

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10

V.V., Varlamov, Davydov A.I., and Orlin V.N. "Status of experimental photonuclear results." Seriya 3: Fizika, Astronomiya, no. 3_2023 (June 16, 2023): 2330206–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9392.78.2330206.

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Absolute majority of data on photonuclear reaction cross sections was obtained in experiments using bremsstrahlung and quasimonoenergetic photons produced at annihilation in flight of relativistic positrons. There are significant disagreements both in absolute value and shape between the results of experiments of both types. So, the pronounced structural features are clearly observed in the cross sections obtained using bremsstrahlung but those are practically absent in the cross sections obtained on the beams of annihilation photons. The disagreements in absolute values are definitely systema

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11

Dimitriou, Paraskevi, T. Belgya, Y.-S. Cho, et al. "Developing reliable reaction gamma-ray data." EPJ Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817806005.

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We report on efforts to develop reliable photonuclear cross section and photon strength function data by measuring, compiling, assessing, evaluating the available data, and producing tables of Giant Dipole Resonance parameters and global models for use in basic sciences and applications.

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12

Mitsuo, NAKAI, Yasunobu ARIKAWA, Masaru UTSUGI, et al. "Neutron Generation by Laser-Driven Photonuclear Reaction." Review of Laser Engineering 43, no. 2 (2015): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.43.2_98.

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13

Lamparter, Th, J. Ahrens, J. R. M. Annand, et al. "On photonuclear reaction mechanisms at intermediate energies." Zeitschrift für Physik A: Hadrons and Nuclei 355, no. 1 (1996): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002180050069.

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14

Akkoyun, S., T. Bayram, and S. O. Kara. "Photonuclear Reaction Cross Sections for Gallium Isotopes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 590 (April 8, 2015): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/590/1/012047.

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15

Bezshyyko, Oleg, Oleksandr Vodin, Larisa-Bezshyyko Golinka, et al. "Isomer ratios for products of photonuclear reactions on Rh." EPJ Web of Conferences 239 (2020): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023901026.

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Over the past several years various preequilibrium models for nuclear reaction mechanisms description were developed. Diversified detailed experimental data in the medium excitation energy region for nuclei are needed for reasonable selection among these theoretical models. Lack of experimental data in this energy region does essentially limit the possibilities for analysis and comparison of different preequilibrium theoretical models. For photonuclear reactions this energy range covers 30-100 MeV. Experimental measurements and estimations of isomer ratios for products of photonuclear reaction

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16

Shin, Jae Won. "A data-based photonuclear reaction model for GEANT4." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 358 (September 2015): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2015.06.034.

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17

Ntalla, E., T. Vasilopoulou, P. Georgolopoulou, and I. E. Stamatelatos. "Bremsstrahlung Spectra Characterization by Photo-Activation: Preliminary Results." HNPS Proceedings 23 (March 8, 2019): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1890.

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A method for the determination of the bremsstrahlung spectra of medical linear accelerators by photo-activation measurements is discussed. A set of activation foils with different photonuclear reaction energy thresholds was irradiated at two linear accelerators of 15 and 23 MV. The activity induced was determined using a germanium detector based gamma spectrometry system. The spectrum was reconstructed using theoretical expressions for photons emitted by electron interactions in thick targets and cross- sections from the IAEA Photonuclear Data Library. The results of this study enable experime

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18

Sakamoto, Koh. "RADIOCHEMICAL STUDY ON PHOTONUCLEAR REACTION MECHANISM AT INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES UPTO 1.2 GeV." Nucleus 47, no. 2 (2010): 67–89. https://doi.org/10.71330/thenucleus.2010.892.

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An account is given on radiochemical investigations on photonuclear reactions on target nuclei ranging from 7 Li to 209Bi at intermediate energies up to 1.2 GeV, with use of bremsstrahlung beams of its maximum end-point energies of E0 = 30â€“1200 MeV with small steps of E0, by the author's group since 1980s. The investigation covers the yield measurements of spallation, fragmentation, fission of the preactinides, 197Au and 209Bi, and photopion reactions, systematically performed with respect to photon energy (E0 and/or k) target mass (At) and/or target composition (N/Z)t, product mass (A) and

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19

Tran, Duc Thiep, Thi An Truong, Minh Hue Bui, Viet Cuong Phan, Belov A. G., and Mitrofanov S. "The nuclear channel effect in the isomeric ratio of the reaction products." Nuclear Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (2019): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53747/jnst.v9i1.55.

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This work presents the experimental study of the isomeric ratio of 115mCd to 115gCd produced in 116Cd(γ, n)115m,gCd photonuclear reaction and 116Cd(n, γ)115m,gCd neutron capture reaction by thermal, epithermal and mixed thermal and epithermal neutrons. The investigated samples were natural cadmium irradiated at the bremsstrahlung photon flux, in the neutron source constructed at the electron accelerator Microtron MT-25 of the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia. The results were analyzed, discussed, compared and combined with those of othe

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20

AYGÜN, Murat, Alp CESUR, Mahmut DOĞRU, et al. "Photonuclear Reaction Results of Energy Levels of Iodine Isotopes." Cumhuriyet Science Journal 38, no. 3 (2017): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17776/csj.340498.

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21

ARIKAWA, Yasunobu, Masaru UTSUGI, Morace ALESSIO, et al. "High-Intensity Neutron Generation via Laser-Driven Photonuclear Reaction." Plasma and Fusion Research 10 (2015): 2404003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/pfr.10.2404003.

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22

Utsunomiya, H., S. Goko, H. Toyokawa та ін. "Photonuclear reaction data and γ-ray sources for astrophysics". European Physical Journal A 27, S1 (2006): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2006-08-023-8.

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23

Utsunomiya, H. "New Generation of Photonuclear Reaction Studies for Astronuclear Physics." EAS Publications Series 11 (2004): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eas:2004017.

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24

Fujiwara, M., K. Nakai, N. Takahashi, et al. "Production of medical 99m Tc isotope via photonuclear reaction." Physics of Particles and Nuclei 48, no. 1 (2017): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063779617010075.

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25

Utsunomiya, H., K. Y. Hara, S. Goko, et al. "Photonuclear reaction studies at synchrotron radiation facilities in Japan." Nuclear Physics A 738 (June 2004): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.04.022.

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26

Fuller, E. G. "Photonuclear reaction cross sections for 12C, 14N and 16O." Physics Reports 127, no. 3 (1985): 185–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(85)90145-0.

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27

Wielopolski, Lucian, and Xuemin Ren. "High-energy x-ray beam characterization using photonuclear reaction." Medical Physics 19, no. 6 (1992): 1435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.596798.

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28

Bezshyyko, O. A., A. N. Vodin, L. O. Golinka-Bezshyyko, et al. "Isomer ratios of photonuclear reaction products for indium isotopes in the energy region over 33 MeV." Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy 10, no. 2 (2009): 146–51. https://doi.org/10.15407/jnpae2009.02.146.

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This paper deals with the results of isomer ratio measurements for nuclei 110m,gIn and 108m,gIn from photonuclear reactions 113In(γ, 3n)110m,gIn, 115In(γ, 5n)110m,gIn, 115In(γ, 7n)108m,gIn. Bremsstrahlung energies varied within (34÷43) MeV for 113In(γ, 3n)110m,gIn reaction, in energy region (43÷100) MeV for 115In(γ, 5n)110m,gIn and 115In(γ, 7n)108m,gIn reactions. The instrumental gamma-ray spectra of irradiated target specimen have been measured with high purity germanium semiconductor spectrometer. The isomer ratio results and dependence of isomer ratios upon maximal bremsstrahlung energies w

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29

Garnaud, Louis, Luna Sobczak, Johann Piekar, et al. "Compendium on Monte Carlo simulation of photoneutrons in the Giant Dipole Resonance energy range: The first five elements." EPJ Web of Conferences 302 (2024): 07004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202430207004.

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Neutrons generated by photonuclear reactions, “photoneutrons”, are encountered in various applications involving high-energy gamma sources, electron accelerators or nuclear reactors. Monte Carlo particle-transport codes are generally used to simulate the emission of photoneutrons, characterize their field or assess their impact on nuclear systems. The aim of this work is to create a compendium on the simulation of photoneutrons using several Monte Carlo codes, i.e., MCNP6, PHITS and TRIPOLI-4, each code being run successively with ENDF/B-VIII.0 and JENDL-5 nuclear data libraries. We study the

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30

Bezshyyko, O. A., A. N. Vodin, L. O. Golinka-Bezshyyko та ін. "Isomer ratios for product of photonuclear reaction 107Ag(γ, 3n)104m,gAg in the energy region 35 ÷ 40 MeV". Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy 10, № 1 (2009): 61–65. https://doi.org/10.15407/jnpae2009.01.061.

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The paper deals with the results of isomer ratio calculations for photonuclear reaction at 107Ag with 3 neutrons escape. Bremsstrahlung energies varied within 35 ÷ 40 MeV. The instrumental gamma-ray spectra of irradiated target specimens have been measured with high purity germanium semiconductor spectrometer. The isomer ratio results and dependence of isomer ratios upon maximal bremsstrahlung energy within selected range are obtained.

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31

HARADA, Hideo, and Toshiaki SIGETOME. "High Energy Resolution Measurement Method of Photonuclear Reaction Cross Section." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 32, no. 11 (1995): 1189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1995.9731835.

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32

Belyshev, S. S., V. V. Varlamov, L. Z. Dzhilavyan та ін. "On activation studies of photonuclear reactions on γ-beams from backward Compton scattering at E ≤ 40 MeV". Seriya 3: Fizika, Astronomiya, № 1_2024 (5 березня 2024): 2410201–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9392.79.2410201.

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For photonuclear research with γ-quanta having energies Eγ ≤ 40 MeV at the source under developing with backward Compton scattering of laser radiation on accelerated electrons, activation experiments are proposed as initial ones. These experiments are important both for developing techniques for tuning and monitoring such γ-beams, and for studying the excitation of pygmy and giant resonances in nuclei at Eγ near the threshold of the (γ, n) reaction, as well as the multiplicity of photoneutrons during deexcitation of giant resonances at Eγ above the threshold of (γ, 2n)-reaction.

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33

Thi Hong Nguyen, Thuong, Nobuyuki Iwamoto, and Toshiya Sanami. "Photonuclear reaction cross-section evaluation of ¹⁸¹Ta and ²⁰⁹Bi considering experimental double differential cross-section data." EPJ Web of Conferences 322 (2025): 10004. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202532210004.

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Experimental data of photoneutron double differential cross-sections (DDXs) on 181Ta and 209Bi for photon energies of 13 MeV and 17 MeV were incorporated into the photonuclear data evaluation using the CCONE code system and reaction cross-section data from the EXFOR database. By increasing the preequilibrium photoneutron emissions through a reduction in single-particle state density of neutron for the target nuclei within the exciton model, the evaluation results, including the reaction cross-sections and DDXs for 13 MeV photons, show good agreement with the corresponding experimental data. Ho

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34

Do, Nguyen Van, Pham Duc Khue, Nguyen Thi Xuan, Bui Van Loat, Nguyen Thi Hien, and Guinyun Kim. "Yield Ratios of the Isomeric Pair \(^{179m,g}\)W Produced in the \(^{nat}\)W(g,xn)\(^{179m,g}\)W Reactions with 50-65 MeV Bremsstrahlung." Communications in Physics 27, no. 3 (2017): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/27/3/10502.

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In this work we present the yield ratios of the \(^{179m,g}\)W isomeric pair produced in the photonuclear reactions \(^{nat}\)W(g,xn)\(^{179m,g}\)W with bremsstrahlung end-point energies of 50-, 55-, 60-, and 65-MeV. The measurements were carried out by the induced activity method in combination with direct gamma-ray spectrometry. The measured activities were corrected for overlapping gamma-ray peaks, self-absorption of low energy gamma-rays and true coincidence summing effects. The present results are measured for the first time with bremsstrahlung end-point energies beyond the giant dipole r

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35

QUARATI, P., P. P. DELSANTO, and M. GUIDETTI. "NUCLEAR PHOTOABSORPTION IN 208Pb BETWEEN THRESHOLD AND 140 MeV." International Journal of Modern Physics A 04, no. 19 (1989): 5249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x89002247.

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We have investigated photonuclear reactions in 208 Pb from the reaction threshold to pion production threshold. In the Giant Dipole Resonance energy region we have considered the results of a recent 1− 1p-1h continuum calculation and multiplied them, heuristically, by a factor, which includes the effect of neglected nucleon-nucleon correlations, through the occupation number probabilities of the single particle and hole energy levels. We have thus obtained a much better agreement with experiment. In the energy region above the Giant Dipole Resonance we have considered a quasi deuteron model, w

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36

Kirihara, Yoichi, Toshiro Itoga, Toshiya Sanami, et al. "Measurement of neutron spectra for photonuclear reaction with linearly polarized photons." EPJ Web of Conferences 153 (2017): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201715301019.

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37

Korkmaz, Mehmet Emin, Osman Agar, and Mustafa Yigit. "Investigation of spherical and cylindrical catural Iridium targets by photonuclear reaction." EPJ Web of Conferences 154 (2017): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201715401027.

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38

Li, Dazhi, Kazuo IMASAKI, Shuji MIYAMOTO, Sho AMANO, and Takayasu MOCHIZUKI. "Experiment on Photonuclear Reaction Induced by Laser Compton Scattering Gamma-Ray." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 42, no. 2 (2005): 259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.2005.9726388.

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39

Kopytin, I. V., A. V. Sinyakov, A. A. Khuskivadze та Yu M. Tchuvil'ski. "Photonuclear reaction 7Li(γ, t)α and light-cluster-interaction models". Physics of Atomic Nuclei 63, № 10 (2000): 1772–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1320147.

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40

Huang, Bo-Song, and Yu-Gang Ma. "A Photonuclear Reaction Model Based on IQMD in Intermediate-Energy Region." Chinese Physics Letters 34, no. 7 (2017): 072401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/34/7/072401.

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41

Alsufyani, Sultan J., Lauren R. Liegey та Valeriia N. Starovoitova. "Gold bearing ore assays using 197Au(γ,n)196Au photonuclear reaction". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 302, № 1 (2014): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-014-3239-2.

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42

Inagaki, Makoto, Shun Sekimoto, Takahiro Tadokoro, Yuichiro Ueno, Yuko Kani, and Tsutomu Ohtsuki. "Production of 99Mo/99mTc by photonuclear reaction using a natMoO3 target." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 324, no. 2 (2020): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-020-07086-9.

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43

LEE, Young-Ouk, Tokio FUKAHORI, and Jonghwa CHANG. "Evaluation of Photonuclear Reaction Data on Tantalum-181 up to 140MeV." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 35, no. 10 (1998): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18811248.1998.9733928.

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44

Song, N., S. Zhang, Z. H. Li, G. X. Li, Z. C. Gao, and H. K. Wang. "Influence of Neutrino–Nuclear Reactions on the Abundance of ⁷⁴Se." Astrophysical Journal 941, no. 1 (2022): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca328.

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Abstract The p-nuclei are supposed to be produced in different astrophysical processes, such as rapid-proton capture, photonuclear reaction, and neutrino-induced reaction. To date, their abundance cannot be reasonably explained. In the present work, the cross sections of the 74Ge (ν e , e −) 74As reaction are calculated with the theoretical and experimental B(GT) values, respectively. The abundance ratios between 74Se and 74Ge produced from the neutrino process (ν-process) are estimated based on the simple hypothesis for core-collapse supernova explosions. The results show that the upper limit

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45

ARIKAWA, Yasunobu, Yusuke KATO, Yuki ABE, et al. "Efficient and Repetitive Neutron Generation by Double-Laser-Pulse Driven Photonuclear Reaction." Plasma and Fusion Research 13 (2018): 2404009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/pfr.13.2404009.

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46

Akkoyun, Serkan, Tuncay Bayram, Fatih Dulger, Haris Đapo, and Ismail Boztosun. "Energy level and half-life determinations from photonuclear reaction on Ga target." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 08 (2016): 1650045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301316500452.

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Photonuclear reactions are important tools in the understanding of the nucleus. These reactions are also interesting for realizing the element creation processes in stellar environment. The use of bremsstrahlung photons generated from clinic linear accelerator is practical for performing these type of reactions. In this study, the bremsstrahlung photons with endpoint energy of 18[Formula: see text]MeV have been used for activating gallium target material. After irradiation, the transition energies and half-lives associated with the decay of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula

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47

Noda, Shusaku, Shintaro Hashimoto, Tatsuhiko Sato, Tokio Fukahori, Satoshi Chiba, and Koji Niita. "Improvement of photonuclear reaction model below 140 MeV in the PHITS code." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 52, no. 1 (2014): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223131.2014.923349.

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48

Assatel, O., and N. M. Spyrou. "Photonuclear reaction yield ratios in tissues used as an index of abnormality." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 353, no. 1-3 (1994): 464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(94)91700-0.

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49

Varlamov, V. V., and A. I. Davydov. "Photonuclear experiments: from the bremsstrahlung to the Compton backward scattering photons." Seriya 3: Fizika, Astronomiya, no. 2_2024 (May 2, 2024): 2420201–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0579-9392.79.2420201.

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Abstract:

The features of the methods for obtaining the information on photonuclear reaction cross sections using the beams of bremsstrahlung and quasimonoenergetic photons from the annihilation in flight of relativistic positrons with which such the absolute majority of such kind data was obtained in the nucleus excitation energy up to ∼40 MeV are discussed. It was shown that significant disagreements between the results of such experiments in cross sections absolute values and shapes are due to both methods definite shortcomings which to a certain extent can be overcome by using the beams of the photo

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BOZTOSUN, İsmail, Haris DAPO, Süleyman Fatih ÖZMEN, et al. "The results of the first photonuclear reaction performed in Turkey: the zinc example." TURKISH JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 38 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/fiz-1305-19.

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