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Journal articles on the topic 'Photopolymerizations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Peyrot, Fabienne, Sonia Lajnef, and Davy-Louis Versace. "Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spin Trapping (EPR–ST) Technique in Photopolymerization Processes." Catalysts 12, no. 7 (2022): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12070772.

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To face economic issues of the last ten years, free-radical photopolymerization (FRP) has known an impressive enlightenment. Multiple performing photoinitiating systems have been designed to perform photopolymerizations in the visible or near infrared (NIR) range. To fully understand the photochemical mechanisms involved upon light activation and characterize the nature of radicals implied in FRP, electron paramagnetic resonance coupled to the spin trapping (EPR–ST) method represents one of the most valuable techniques. In this context, the principle of EPR–ST and its uses in free-radical phot

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2

Lang, Margit, Stefan Hirner, Frank Wiesbrock, and Peter Fuchs. "A Review on Modeling Cure Kinetics and Mechanisms of Photopolymerization." Polymers 14, no. 10 (2022): 2074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14102074.

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Photopolymerizations, in which the initiation of a chemical-physical reaction occurs by the exposure of photosensitive monomers to a high-intensity light source, have become a well-accepted technology for manufacturing polymers. Providing significant advantages over thermal-initiated polymerizations, including fast and controllable reaction rates, as well as spatial and temporal control over the formation of material, this technology has found a large variety of industrial applications. The reaction mechanisms and kinetics are quite complex as the system moves quickly from a liquid monomer mix

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3

Jessop, Julie L. P. "A Practical Primer: Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring of Photopolymerization Systems." Polymers 15, no. 18 (2023): 3835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183835.

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Photopolymerization systems provide compelling advantages for industrial applications due to their fast reaction kinetics, wide selection of monomers for physical property development, and energy-efficient initiation via illumination. These same advantages can present challenges when attempting to monitor these reactions or characterize their resulting polymers; however, Raman spectroscopy can provide the flexibility and resolution needed. In this overview, Raman spectroscopy is compared to common characterization techniques, such as photo-differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectro

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4

Reinelt, Sebastian, Monir Tabatabai, Urs Karl Fischer, Norbert Moszner, Andreas Utterodt, and Helmut Ritter. "Investigations of thiol-modified phenol derivatives for the use in thiol–ene photopolymerizations." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (July 29, 2014): 1733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.180.

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Thiol–ene photopolymerizations gain a growing interest in academic research. Coatings and dental restoratives are interesting applications for thiol–ene photopolymerizations due to their unique features. In most studies the relative flexible and hydrophilic ester derivative, namely pentaerythritoltetra(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), is investigated as the thiol component. Thus, in the present study we are encouraged to investigate the performance of more hydrophobic ester-free thiol-modified bis- and trisphenol derivatives in thiol–ene photopolymerizations. For this, six different thiol-modifi

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5

Elian, Christine, Vlasta Brezová, Pauline Sautrot-Ba, Martin Breza, and Davy-Louis Versace. "Lawsone Derivatives as Efficient Photopolymerizable Initiators for Free-Radical, Cationic Photopolymerizations, and Thiol—Ene Reactions." Polymers 13, no. 12 (2021): 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13122015.

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Two new photopolymerizable vinyl (2-(allyloxy) 1,4-naphthoquinone, HNQA) and epoxy (2-(oxiran-2yl methoxy) 1,4-naphthoquinone, HNQE) photoinitiators derived from lawsone were designed in this paper. These new photoinitiators can be used as one-component photoinitiating systems for the free-radical photopolymerization of acrylate bio-based monomer without the addition of any co-initiators. As highlighted by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping results, the formation of carbon-centered radicals from an intermolecular H abstraction reaction was evidenced and can act as initiati

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6

Crivello, James V. "“Kick-Starting” oxetane photopolymerizations." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 52, no. 20 (2014): 2934–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.27329.

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7

Lin, Jui-Teng, Jacques Lalevee, and Da-Chun Cheng. "A Critical Review for Synergic Kinetics and Strategies for Enhanced Photopolymerizations for 3D-Printing and Additive Manufacturing." Polymers 13, no. 14 (2021): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142325.

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The synergic features and enhancing strategies for various photopolymerization systems are reviewed by kinetic schemes and the associated measurements. The important topics include (i) photo crosslinking of corneas for the treatment of corneal diseases using UVA-light (365 nm) light and riboflavin as the photosensitizer; (ii) synergic effects by a dual-function enhancer in a three-initiator system; (iii) synergic effects by a three-initiator C/B/A system, with electron-transfer and oxygen-mediated energy-transfer pathways; (iv) copper-complex (G1) photoredox catalyst in G1/Iod/NVK systems for

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8

Zonca, M. R., B. Falk, and J. V. Crivello. "LED‐Induced Thiol–ene Photopolymerizations." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 41, no. 7 (2004): 741–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ma-120037340.

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9

Bowman, Christopher N., and C. Allan Guymon. "Polymerization and Properties of Polymer-Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals." MRS Bulletin 22, no. 9 (1997): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400033959.

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The following is based on the presentation made by Christopher N. Bowman, recipient of the MRS Outstanding Investigator Award, at the 1997 MRS Spring Meeting.I would like to focus on our recent work involving photopolymerizations of monomers in a liquid-crystalline environment. This work is one of the many aspects of photopolymerizations that we are focusing on at the University of Colorado. In particular this effort concentrates on understanding the influence of a liquid-crystalline medium and monomer segregation on polymerization behavior and polymer structure. These studies are of considera

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10

Chen, Yu, Xiaoqin Jia, Mengqiang Wang, and Tao Wang. "A synergistic effect of a ferrocenium salt on the diaryliodonium salt-induced visible-light curing of bisphenol-A epoxy resin." RSC Advances 5, no. 42 (2015): 33171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra16077k.

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11

Kaalberg, Sara M., Sage M. Schissel, Michael Soumounthong, and Julie L. P. Jessop. "Elucidation of network structure in cationic photopolymerization of cyclic ether comonomers." Polymer Chemistry 12, no. 41 (2021): 5999–6008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1py00824b.

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12

Bian, Hang, Jiming Yang, Ning Zhang, Qiliao Wang, Yongjiu Liang, and Dewen Dong. "Ultrathin free-standing polymer membranes with chemically responsive luminescence via consecutive photopolymerizations." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 5 (2016): 1191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py02013a.

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13

Breloy, Louise, Yusuf Alcay, Ismail Yilmaz, et al. "Dimethyl amino phenyl substituted silver phthalocyanine as a UV- and visible-light absorbing photoinitiator: in situ preparation of silver/polymer nanocomposites." Polymer Chemistry 12, no. 9 (2021): 1273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py01712d.

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14

Acosta Ortiz, Ricardo, Jorge Luis Robles Olivares, and Roberto Yañez Macias. "Synthesis and Thiol-Ene Photopolymerization of Bio-Based Hybrid Aromatic–Aliphatic Monomers Derived from Limonene, Cysteamine and Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives." Polymers 16, no. 23 (2024): 3295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16233295.

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Three novel bio-based monomers were synthesized through an amidation reaction involving allylated derivatives of coumaric, ferulic and phloretic acid and a diamine obtained from a thiol-ene coupling reaction between limonene and cysteamine. The monomers containing the enone bond of the cinnamic moiety underwent photoisomerization and photocycloaddition reactions upon UV light irradiation. All three monomers were photocured via thiol-ene photopolymerization using a glycerol-derived trifunctional thiol, resulting in fully bio-based poly(amide–thioether)s. The polymers derived from monomers that

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15

Kurdikar, Devdatt L., and Nikolaos A. Peppas. "A kinetic study of diacrylate photopolymerizations." Polymer 35, no. 5 (1994): 1004–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(94)90945-8.

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16

O'Brien, Allison K., Neil B. Cramer, and Christopher N. Bowman. "Oxygen inhibition in thiol–acrylate photopolymerizations." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 44, no. 6 (2006): 2007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.21304.

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17

Crivello, James V. "Hybrid free radical/cationic frontal photopolymerizations." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 45, no. 18 (2007): 4331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.22177.

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18

Andrzejewska, Ewa, Gordon L. Hug, Maciej Andrzejewski, and Bronislaw Marciniak. "Trithianes as Coinitiators in Benzophenone-Induced Photopolymerizations." Macromolecules 32, no. 7 (1999): 2173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma9815408.

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19

Cramer, Neil B., J. Paul Scott, and Christopher N. Bowman. "Photopolymerizations of Thiol−Ene Polymers without Photoinitiators." Macromolecules 35, no. 14 (2002): 5361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0200672.

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20

Crivello, James V., and Faming Jiang. "Development of Pyrene Photosensitizers for Cationic Photopolymerizations." Chemistry of Materials 14, no. 11 (2002): 4858–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm020722k.

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21

Kannurpatti, Anandkumar R., Sanxiu Lu, Gregory M. Bunker, and Christopher N. Bowman. "Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies of Iniferter Photopolymerizations." Macromolecules 29, no. 23 (1996): 7310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma951914m.

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22

Okay, Oguz, Sirish K. Reddy, and Christopher N. Bowman. "Molecular Weight Development during Thiol−Ene Photopolymerizations." Macromolecules 38, no. 10 (2005): 4501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma050080x.

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23

Calvino, Celine. "Photocycloadditions for the Design of Reversible Photopolymerizations." CHIMIA 76, no. 10 (2022): 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2022.816.

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The quest for circular designs and ways to reuse polymer materials demands further advances in the development of reversible chemistries. Stimuli-responsive systems incorporated into polymer materials that enable the formation and cleavage of covalent bonds, hold great potential to reversibly decompose materials into their original building blocks. [2π+2π] photocycloadditions, for which the addition and reversion mechanism can be triggered by disparate wavelengths, stand as an attractive platform for triggering such controlled and reversible photoligation towards achieving renewable polymer ma

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24

Reddy, Sirish K., Neil B. Cramer, Tsali Cross, Rishi Raj, and Christopher N. Bowman. "Polymer-Derived Ceramic Materials from Thiol-ene Photopolymerizations." Chemistry of Materials 15, no. 22 (2003): 4257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm034291x.

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25

Wang, Kemin, Guiping Ma, Xiaohua Qin, Ming Xiao, and Jun Nie. "Cyclic acetals as coinitiators in CQ-induced photopolymerizations." Polymer Journal 42, no. 6 (2010): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pj.2010.29.

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26

Crivello, James V. "Synergistic effects in hybrid free radical/cationic photopolymerizations." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 45, no. 16 (2007): 3759–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.22126.

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27

Crivello, James V., and Umut Bulut. "Indian Turmeric and its Use in Cationic Photopolymerizations." Macromolecular Symposia 240, no. 1 (2006): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200650801.

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28

Lin, Patrick, Benjamin Falk, Myoungsouk Jang, and James V. Crivello. "Study of Laser-Induced Photopolymerizations by Optical Pyrometry." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 205, no. 15 (2004): 2040–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.200400233.

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29

Acosta Ortiz, Ricardo, Rebeca Sadai Sánchez Huerta, Antonio Serguei Ledezma Pérez, and Aida E. García Valdez. "Synthesis of a Curing Agent Derived from Limonene and the Study of Its Performance to Polymerize a Biobased Epoxy Resin Using the Epoxy/Thiol-Ene Photopolymerization Technique." Polymers 14, no. 11 (2022): 2192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112192.

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This study describes the synthesis of a curing agent derived from limonene as well as its application to prepare biobased thermoset polymers via the epoxy/thiol-ene photopolymerization (ETE) method. A biobased commercial epoxy resin was used to synthesize a crosslinked polymeric matrix of polyether-polythioether type. The preparation of the curing agent required two steps. First, a diamine intermediate was prepared by means of a thiol-ene coupling reaction between limonene and cysteamine hydrochloride. Second, the primary amino groups of the intermediate compound were alkylated using allyl bro

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30

SHIROTA, Yasuhiko, Kentaro YAMAGUCHI, Shin-Chol OH, Satoshi MASUMI, and Guang-Jie JIANG. "PHOTOPOLYMERIZATIONS OF ELECTRON-DONOR MONOMER-ELECTRON-ACCEPTOR MONOMER SYSTEMS." Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology 1, no. 2 (1988): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2494/photopolymer.1.346.

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31

Avci, Duygu, and Lon J. Mathias. "Synthesis and photopolymerizations of new hydroxyl-containing dimethacrylate crosslinkers." Polymer 45, no. 6 (2004): 1763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2003.12.030.

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32

Kurdikar, Devdatt L., and Nikolaos A. Peppas. "A Kinetic Model for Diffusion-Controlled Bulk Crosslinking Photopolymerizations." Macromolecules 27, no. 15 (1994): 4084–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00093a009.

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33

Yagci, Baris, Burcu Ayfer, Aylin Z. Albayrak, and Duygu Avci. "Synthesis and Photopolymerizations of New Crosslinkers for Dental Applications." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 291, no. 4 (2006): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.200500391.

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34

Cramer, Neil B., Sirish K. Reddy, Michael Cole, Charles Hoyle, and Christopher N. Bowman. "Initiation and kinetics of thiol-ene photopolymerizations without photoinitiators." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 42, no. 22 (2004): 5817–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.20419.

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35

Lalevée, Jacques, Ali Dirani, Mohamad El-Roz, Xavier Allonas, and Jean Pierre Fouassier. "Germanes as efficient coinitiators in radical and cationic photopolymerizations." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 46, no. 9 (2008): 3042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.22644.

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36

Crivello, J. V., B. Falk, and M. R. Zonca. "Study of cationic ring-opening photopolymerizations using optical pyrometry." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 92, no. 5 (2004): 3303–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.20317.

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37

Crivello, James V., and Myoungsouk Jang. "Anthracene electron-transfer photosensitizers for onium salt induced cationic photopolymerizations." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 159, no. 2 (2003): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-6030(03)00182-5.

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38

Stubbs, Christopher, Thomas Congdon, Jessica Davis, Daniel Lester, Sarah-Jane Richards, and Matthew I. Gibson. "High-Throughput Tertiary Amine Deoxygenated Photopolymerizations for Synthesizing Polymer Libraries." Macromolecules 52, no. 20 (2019): 7603–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01714.

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39

Reddy, Sirish K., Neil B. Cramer, Michael Kalvaitas, Tai Yeon Lee, and Christopher N. Bowman. "Mechanistic Modelling and Network Properties of Ternary Thiol - Vinyl Photopolymerizations." Australian Journal of Chemistry 59, no. 8 (2006): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch06193.

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Ternary thiol–vinyl polymerizations offer a unique platform for improved control over polymerization kinetics and network properties as compared to both binary thiol–vinyl systems and traditional (meth)acrylic systems. Therefore, this study seeks to improve the fundamental understanding of the complex ternary thiol–vinyl systems to enable enhanced control over polymerization kinetics, network evolution, and, ultimately, network properties. The polymerization kinetics and material properties afforded by thiol–triazine–methacrylate systems are investigated. The ternary kinetics are successfully

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40

Reddy, Sirish K., Oguz Okay, and Christopher N. Bowman. "Network Development in Mixed Step-Chain Growth Thiol−Vinyl Photopolymerizations." Macromolecules 39, no. 25 (2006): 8832–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma060249m.

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41

Yeniad, Bahar, Aylin Ziylan Albayrak, Nihan Celebi Olcum, and Duygu Avci. "Synthesis and photopolymerizations of new phosphonated monomers for dental applications." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 46, no. 6 (2008): 2290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.22564.

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42

JAKUBIAK, JULITA, and JAN F. RABEK. "Modeling of the kinetics of linear and crosslinking photopolymerizations. Part I." Polimery 45, no. 07/08 (2000): 485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2000.485.

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43

Acosta Ortiz, Ricardo, María de Lourdes Guillén Cisneros, and Graciela Arias García. "Synthesis of novel highly reactive silicone-epoxy monomers for cationic photopolymerizations." Polymer 46, no. 24 (2005): 10663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2005.09.049.

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44

Wong, Alexa M., Daniel J. Valles, Carlos Carbonell, et al. "Controlled-Height Brush Polymer Patterns via Surface-Initiated Thiol-Methacrylate Photopolymerizations." ACS Macro Letters 8, no. 11 (2019): 1474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00699.

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45

Ficek, Beth A., Amber M. Thiesen, and Alec B. Scranton. "Cationic photopolymerizations of thick polymer systems: Active center lifetime and mobility." European Polymer Journal 44, no. 1 (2008): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.10.023.

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46

Reddy, Sirish K., Neil B. Cramer, and Christopher N. Bowman. "Thiol−Vinyl Mechanisms. 2. Kinetic Modeling of Ternary Thiol−Vinyl Photopolymerizations." Macromolecules 39, no. 10 (2006): 3681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0600097.

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47

Dolinski, Neil D., Zachariah A. Page, Fabian Eisenreich, et al. "A Versatile Approach for In Situ Monitoring of Photoswitches and Photopolymerizations." ChemPhotoChem 1, no. 4 (2017): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cptc.201600045.

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48

Chemtob, Abraham, Cindy Belon, Céline Croutxé-Barghorn, et al. "Tandem cationic and sol-gel photopolymerizations of a vinyl ether alkoxysilane." Polymer Engineering & Science 51, no. 8 (2011): 1466–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.21951.

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49

Lacôte, Emmanuel, Dennis P. Curran, and Jacques Lalevée. "NHC-Boranes: Air- and Water-tolerant Co-initiators for Type II Photopolymerizations." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 66, no. 6 (2012): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2012.382.

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50

Kato, Masao, Hiroki Ohara, Takashi Fukuda, Hiro Matsuda, and Hachiro Nakanishi. "Synthesis of NLO Diacrylate Monomers and Their Photopolymerizations in Liquid Crystalline State." Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (1997): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2494/photopolymer.10.303.

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