Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Photorespiration'
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CASIRAGHI, FABIO MARCO. "THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN PHOTORESPIRATION AND IRON DEFICIENCY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/347430.
Full textHolbrook, G. P. "Limitations to photosynthesis associated with photorespiration in wheat leaves." Thesis, University of York, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356165.
Full textHartwell, James. "The regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in higher plants." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241716.
Full textGillon, Jim. "Carbon isotope discrimination : interactions between respiration, leaf conductance and photosynthetic capacity." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363893.
Full textBagard, Matthieu Jolivet Yves Dizengremel Pierre. "Impact de l'ozone sur les processus photosynthétiques et photorespiratoires du peuplier (Populus x canescens [Aiton] Sm.) au cours du développement foliaire Aspects écophysiologiques et cellulaires /." S. l. : Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2008_0017_BAGARD.pdf.
Full textLiu, Yanpei. "Phosphoregulation of photorespiratory enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS052/document.
Full textPhotorespiration is an essential process in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, and it is triggered by the oxygenase activity of Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (RuBisCO) to produce one molecular 3-phosphoglycerate and one molecular 2-phosphoglycolate. The toxic 2-PG is recycled by the photorespiratory pathway which includes eight core enzymes and takes place in chloroplasts, peroxisomes and metochondria and cytosol. Although the photorespiration leads to a reduced efficiency of the photosynthetic CO₂ assimilation and thereby is considered as a wasteful process, the growth phenotype of the photorespiratory enzymes can reflect the importance of this process in normal growth and development of air-grown plants. Normally, for most photorespiratory enzyme mutants, they exhibit small, chlorotic plants sometimes non-viable in air which are not observed when the mutants are grown under high CO₂ condition that limit the photorespiration by reducing the RuBisCO oxygenase activity. Photorespiratory cycle interacts with several major primary metabolic pathways, thus is a highly regulated and extensive works. Current data show that seven of eight core photorespiratory enzymes could be phosphorylated and the protein phosphorylation seems to be a critical regulatory component of the photorespiratory cycle. In order to better understand the regulation of the photorespiratory cycle, we explored the effect of SHMT1 and HPR1 phosphorylation/non-phosphorylation events on plant physiology and metabolism by several methods: Site-directed mutagenesis assay, complementation assay, activity assay, stomatal aperture assays, plant salt/drought resistance assays, metabolites measurement, gas exchange measurement. The results show the phosphorylation mimicking version of HPR1 at T335 results to a less HPR1 activity and retarded growth at the ambient air condition. For the phosphorylation mimicking version of SHMT1 at S31 resulted in a less stability leading to a reduced resistance to drought and salt stress. The decline of resistance against abiotic stress was mainly due to impairment in the closure of stomata which were unable to respond properly to ABA probably because of a default in the PLC pathway. So there results indicate that the phosphorylation of SHTM1 leads to a negative effect for the plant growth especially under stress condition. Thus, we propose that the SHMT1 can be phosphorylated at a basic level under normal growth conditions, once the photorespiratory flux is increased such under salt stress condition, the SHMT1 should be dephosphorylated to stabilize SHMT1 and sustain a high photorespiration flux to cope with reduced CO₂ availability
Carvalho, Josirley De FaÌtima CorreÌ‚a. "Manipulating carbon metabolism to enhance stress tolerance : (short circuiting photorespiration in tobacco)." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435874.
Full textDuminil, Pauline. "Characterization of two primary metabolism enzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana : phosphoglycerate mutase and phosphoglycolate phosphatase." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS591.
Full textAs sessile organisms, plants need to rapidly and effectively react to environmental abiotic and biotic stresses. To do so, various regulatory mechanisms exist that include post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins. One of the most prevalent PTM is protein phosphorylation that has been shown to occur in many metabolic pathways. Glycolysis allows the production of energy (as ATP) and reducing power from glucose. In this context, the regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglycerate mutase (AtiPGAM) was studied by analysing a phosphorylation site potentially involved in the reaction mechanism of this glycolytic enzyme. The photorespiratory cycle is a major metabolic pathway occurring in all photosynthetic organisms. It is initiated by the oxygenase activity of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) and leads to the production of toxic 2-phosphoglycolate (2-PG) molecules. The costly recycling of 2-PG by the photorespiratory cycle takes place in four different compartments (chloroplast, peroxisome, mitochondrion and cytosol). Seven of the eight core photorespiratory enzymes appear to be phosphorylated. Phosphoglycolate phosphatase (AtPGLP1), the first enzyme of the cycle that metabolizes 2-PG to glycolate, is associated with four phosphosites. In vivo and in vitro approaches using Arabidopsis thaliana have allowed us to obtain further insights into the post-translational regulation of this protein by protein phosphorylation and by oxidation-reduction
Blackwell, Raymond David. "Isolation and characterisation of mutants of higher plants unable to carry out photorespiration." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328522.
Full textLaureau, Constance. "Le rôle de la PTOX dans l’acclimatation des plantes alpines aux conditions extrêmes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112125/document.
Full textThe alpine climate above 2400 meters altitude shows large variations in temperature and very important light intensity (3000 µmol photons m-2 s-1), which are known to generate a state of significant reduction in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The proper functioning of the photosynthetic process is essential for vascular plants species that are present in this alpine environment and must complete their life cycle within a very short growing season.Soldanella alpina and Ranunculus glacialis are two species restricted to alpine and snow floors. In their natural growth environment we measured very low (0.7 ° C) and high temperature (37 ° C) under lights above 2500 µmol photons m-2 s-1. Among non-alpine species such conditions induce photoinhibition of PSII, which is avoided in S. alpina and R. glacialis, by very different mechanisms. Antioxidant systems and non-photochemical quenching are particularly important in S. alpina. In Ranunculus glacialis, photorespiration remains very important and a high content of PTOX is described. The roles of antioxidants and PTOX in photoprotection of both species were studied.In one part of the thesis, we showed that a decrease in antioxidant capacity by reducing the concentration of glutathione does not affect tolerance to low-temperature photoinhibition. In the second part the results imply that overexpression of PTOX in tobacco enhances photoinhibition by strong light to produce reactive oxygen species.Using different environmental conditions for Ranunculus glacialis growth, we showed that expression of the PTOX is induced by strong light, but not by low temperatures. With an approach combining gas exchange measurements and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, we showed that an electron flow to oxygen, independent of photorespiration, correlated with the presence of PTOX. Through measures of chlorophyll fluorescence in the presence of various inhibitors photosynthetic, we could show that the importance of this electron flow to oxygen correlates with the amount of PTOX in the leaves, under reducing conditions. These results led us to conclude that in Ranunculus glacialis, the PTOX may support a significant flow of electrons, thus avoiding the appearance of a reduced state of the photosynthetic chain transfer, and protect the plant from photoinhibition, acting as a safety valve. These studies are discussed to help clarify a new pathway of photoprotection, which was the subject of much controversy
Dellero, Younès. "L'Interactions entre la photorespiration avec le métabolisme primaire des feuilles d’Arabidopsis thaliana : Caractérisation de mutants pour la glycolate oxydase et la glutamate : glyoxylate aminotransférase 1." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS195/document.
Full textIn the light, the RuBisCO carboxylase activity assimilates inorganic CO2 into organic compounds, via the production of 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) that is used for the biosynthesis of sugars, organic and amino acids, plant cell walls etc. However, it also has an oxygenase activity that makes 3-PGA and 2-phosphoglycolate (2-PG). The toxic 2-PG is metabolized to 3-PGA by the photorespiratory cycle, which takes place in chloroplasts, peroxisomes and mitochondria. Despite a partial loss of carbon and nitrogen, the importance of photorespiration for growth can be seen by the negative phenotypes exhibited by photorespiratory enzyme mutants in air (i.e. slow growth, leaf chlorosis, and sometimes lethality), which are not observed under high CO2 conditions. This may reflect the metabolic interactions between photorespiration and plant primary metabolism. To better understand such interactions and the development of photorespiratory phenotypes, mutants for glycolate oxidase (GOX) and glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase have been characterized by several complementary methods: analysis of gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence,13C-labeling of metabolites, measurements of metabolites, cofactors and RuBisCO levels. The results show that, after a high CO2-to-air transfer, the inhibition of photosynthesis in the mutants is mainly due to a defect in photorespiratory carbon recycling leading to a decreased RuBisCO activity. The inhibition of carbon assimilation negatively impacts mutant leaf RuBisCO content when compared to wild-type plants. In the mutants, when photosynthetic inhibition is too high, the resulting carbon starvation triggers the onset of senescence in their old leaves. In parallel to this work, a comparison of the kinetic parameters of GOX from A. thaliana (C3 plant) and Z. mays (C4 plant) coupled to measurements of 13C and 2H kinetic isotopic effects showed that these enzymes share similar Michaelian parameters for glycolate, and a similar hydride transfer reaction mechanism
Rademacher, Nadine [Verfasser], Andreas [Gutachter] Weber, and Veronica [Gutachter] Maurino. "The Evolution of Photorespiration in Photosynthetic Eukaryotes / Nadine Rademacher. Gutachter: Andreas Weber ; Veronica Maurino." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1102352586/34.
Full textRahantaniaina, Marie Sylviane. "Vers une meilleure compréhension des systèmes antioxydants chez la plante face aux contraintes environnementales : approches expérimentales et modélisation mécaniste." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS246/document.
Full textThe most important metabolic pathways in the control of oxidative stress remain to be elucidated in plants. Those linked to glutathione play an important role. However, the reactions responsible for its oxidation have not been clearly identified. Here, analysis based on available biochemical, transcriptomic and genetic data emphasized likely important questions to be elucidated for a full understanding of how stress-related redox regulation might impinge on phytohormone-related signaling pathways. Using a reverse genetics approach and the photorespiratory conditional cat2 mutant, we studied the response and functional importance of three potential routes for glutathione oxidation pathways mediated by glutathione S-transferases, glutaredoxin dependent peroxiredoxins, and dehydroascorbate reductases (DHAR) in Arabidopsis during oxidative stress. Hence, interplay between different DHARs appears to be necessary to couple ascorbate and glutathione pools and to allow glutathione-related signaling during enhanced H2O2 metabolism. In addition to experimental work, modelling is another way to investigate H2O2 production and its metabolism related to catalase activity and ascorbate glutathione pathway. This approach led to major conclusions, that catalase and ascorbate peroxidase can share the load in H2O2 processing even in optimal growth conditions. Furthermore, simulations propose that NADPH availability may determine glutathione oxidation through its influence on monodehydroascorbate reduction. Taken together, experimental results and our kinetic model strengthen that the sensitivity of glutathione status to oxidative stress acts as a suitable sensor of increased H2O2
Logie, Malcolme Ronald Ruxton. "Photosynthetic gas exchange responses to light, temperature, carbon dioxide and water stress, and changes in photosynthetic pigments to light and water stress in two cultivars of Hordeum vulgare L." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003779.
Full textLEBOULANGER, CHRISTOPHE. "Role et importance de la photorespiration du phytoplancton dans les bilans de carbone au niveau oceanique." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066234.
Full textRzigui, Touhami. "Analyse de la réponse d’un mutant mitochondrial de Nicotiana sylvestris au manque d’eau." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112144/document.
Full textTo investigate the role of mitochondria in drought stress, the response to water deprivation was compared between Nicotiana sylvestris wild type (WT) plants and the CMSII respiratory complex I mutant. In CMSII, alternative NAD(P)H-dehydrogenases bypassing complex 1 allow respiration.. The difference of mitochondrial function between WT and CMSII plants affect also photosynthesis. The CMSII has lower photosynthetic actitvity than the WT and lower stomatal (gs) and internal (gm) conductances to CO2. When watering of plants with similar leaf surface and similar shoot/root ratio was stopped the relative water content (RWC) declined faster in WT as compared to CMSII leaves. Furthermore, CMSII and WT leaves had the same osmotic potential at leaf saturation (P0) and at leaf turgor lost pressure (PTLP) and the same stomatal density. The slower decline of RWC in CMSII, compared to WT leaves, was most likely the consequence of the lower stomatal conductance (gs) under well-watered conditions and during the first days after withholding watering, The lower stomatal conductance of well-watered CMSII leaves correlated with a lower hydraulic conductance of leaves. Remarkably, total free amino acid levels declined and total soluble protein content increased in CMSII leaves, while the opposite was observed in WT leaves. This suggests protein synthesis in CMSII but protein degradation in WT leaves during drought stress. We also show that CMSII leaves better acclimate to drought stress than the WT leaves. After several days at 80 % RWC , photosynthesis is higher in the mutant than in WT. As compared to the WT, the mutant shows higher rates of photorespiration before and after acclimation to drought.The strong accumulation of glycine in the WT suggests that photorespiration may be limited at the level of glycine decarboxylase. In addition, after acclimation to drought gm declined markedly in WT but not in CMSII leaves, thus further limiting CO2 supply for photosynthesis in the WT. The resulting lower photosynthesis and photorespiration in WT leaves affect also the primary reaction of photosynthesis by increasing the non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) and decreasing linear electron transport
Lehnherr, Berchtold. "Vergleich des Gasaustausches mit der Enzymkinetik bei der Photosynthese und der Photorespiration von Weissklee (Trifolium repens L.) /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1985. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=7918.
Full textKamble, Pratibha [Verfasser]. "Engineering the multigene pathways for CO2 concentration mechanism and bypassing the photorespiration in C3 plants / Pratibha Kamble." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1051544416/34.
Full textCote, François-Xavier. "Photosynthese et photorespiration d'une plante a metabolisme acide crassulaceen, ananas comosus (l. ) merr. : etude des echanges gazeux." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30215.
Full textCote, François Xavier. "Photosynthèse et photorespiration d'une plante à métabolisme acide crassulacéen, Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. étude des échanges gazeux /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612753k.
Full textBréchignac, François. "Photosynthèse et photorespiration chez la macroalgue marine Chondrus crispus : substrat carboné absorbé et nature de la prise d'oxygène." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077013.
Full textNeukermans, Jenny. "Interactions between light, CO2 and oxidative stress in Arabidopsis." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112054.
Full textDuring evolution, plants have developed mechanisms to perceive and respond to stress conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important components of cell redox state that have been implicated in these responses. H2O2, an important ROS molecule in oxidative signalling, can be produced rapidly in photorespiration. In Arabidopsis, photorespiratory H2O2 is notably metabolized by CATALASE2 (CAT2). Responses to oxidative stress induced conditionally by photorespiratory H2O2 in the catalase-deficient mutant, cat2, are highly determined by growth daylength. In particular, lesion formation, accompanied by induction of a range of pathogenesis responses, is specific to the long day (LD) photoperiod: these responses are not observed in short days (SD), even though oxidative stress seems to be as marked as in LD. A whole-genome transcriptomics approach was used to explore gene expression patterns underlying these effects, and identified interactions between daylength and H2O2 and between daylength and CO2. In particular, the majority of H2O2-responsive genes in cat2 were up-regulated more strongly in SD air, though a subset of H2O2-induced genes showed a LD-specific response. Overall, this analysis indicates close networking between carbon status, light, and redox state in environmental responses. The most strongly H2O2-induced gene in LD was azelaic acid induced 1 (AZI1) and this gene was chosen for functional analysis using a genetic, biochemical and transcript profiling approach. Analysis of cat2 azi1 mutants revealed that AZI1 does not seem to play an important role in the plant response to sustained, continuous oxidative stress, but is influential when oxidative stress is abruptly induced, in this case, by transferring plants from high CO2 to air. Moreover, this study provided evidence that leaf-to-leaf communication is involved in regulating cell death spread in response to photorespiratory H2O2. In the regulation of this lesion spread, it is proposed that AZI1 acts both locally to promote cell death as well as systemically to inhibit it. Using a comparative analysis of T-DNA insertion mutants for the major phytochromes (phyA, phyB) and cryptochromes (cry1, cry2) introduced into the Col-0 or cat2 background, interactions between stress and photoreceptor function were analyzed. A stimulatory effect of both phy and cry mutations on H2O2-triggered glutathione accumulation was apparent. In contrast to loss of PHY function, both cry mutations modulated daylength-dependent H2O2-triggered transcriptome profiles in cat2. In addition, stress screening of single cry mutants revealed effects on osmotic, H2O2 and paraquat sensitivity. Overall, these data show that both kinds of photoreceptor, but particularly cryptochromes, can play a role in the response to intracellular H2O2, suggesting that there is an intricate network allowing integration of environmental information to determine appropriate responses to stress
Ehlers, Ina. "NMR studies of metabolites and xenobiotics: From time-points to long-term metabolic regulation." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk kemi och biofysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-97684.
Full textPriault, Pierrick. "Interactions mitochondries / chloroplastes au cours de la photosynthèse et de la réponse aux stress chez Nicotiana sylvestris." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112124.
Full textThe acclimation of photosynthesis to growth light intensity and abiotic stress responses were investigated in a complex I deficient mitochondrial mutant of Nicotiana sylvestris (CMSII) cultivated at 80 (LL) and 350 (HL) µmol PAR m-2 s-1. Under different light levels, 380 ppm CO2 and 21% O2, HL grown CMSII leaves showed lower photosynthetic activity and lower initial Rubisco and SPS activities as compared to HL grown WT leaves. These differences disappear after an exposure to an atmosphere either enriched in CO2 and/or depleted in O2, or when plants are grown under low-light growth condition. Our results showed a lower leaf internal conductance for CO2 which limits CO2 supply to the carboxylase activity of Rubisco. This could explain the lower net CO2 assimilation rates, the lower initial Rubisco activity and higher rates of photorespiration in HL grown CMSII compared to WT. Gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content and conductivity measurements indicated a lower sensitivity of CMSII leaves to MV compared to WT leaves grown in the same conditions, in particular for LL grown plants. This higher tolerance may be caused by an higher efficiency of antioxidative protection (as indicated by SOD and CAT activities), a lower uptake of the MV and an higher cyclic electron transport around PS I in CMSII leaves. Connections between CMSII mutation and its effects on internal CO2 conductance and antioxidative protection are briefly discussed
Lau, Winnie W. Y. "Understanding interactions between marine bacteria and phytoplankton : the influence of phytoplankton photorespiration on diversity and succession of glycolate-utilizing bacteria /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11011.
Full textBagard, Matthieu. "Impact de l’ozone sur les processus photosynthétiques et photorespiratoires du peuplier (Populus x canescens [Aiton] Sm.) au cours du développement foliaire : Aspects écophysiologiques et cellulaires." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10017/document.
Full textOzone is considered the most important phytotoxic air pollutant and has well known effects on the metabolism of forest trees. However, the role of leaf development in ozone sensitivity remains unclear. In addition, the photorespiratory pathway has been scarcely investigated under ozone stress. To provide new insights into these issues, young poplar trees (Populus x canescens [Aiton] Sm.) were subjected to 120 ppb of ozone for 35 days in phytotronic chambers. Treated trees displayed foliar symptoms of injury (necrotic spots, chlorosis and precocious leaf senescence) and a reduced stem radial growth. In mature leaves, ozone reduced photosynthesis (A, ?PSII) by impairing CO2 fixation, mainly at the level of rubisco (Vcmax and in vitro activity). Photochemistry was also affected as shown by reduced chlorophyll content and Fv/Fm ratio. The rate of in vivo photorespiration and glycolate oxidase activity were reduced along with photosynthetic parameters, suggesting that photosynthesis and photorespiration were both inhibited by the ozone-induced impairment of rubisco. The amount of the H subunit of the glycine decarboxylase and total glutamine synthetase activity were respectively maintained and stimulated. As both enzymes are related to photorespiration, a potential shift in their metabolic involvement could have occurred under ozone stress. In addition, treated leaves showed a stimulation of mitochondrial respiration and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity which could be related to a higher demand for reducing power to sustain detoxification processes. As none of the parameters were modified by ozone in expanding leaves, ozone sensitivity may appear during leaf development, possibly when developing leaves undergo sink/source transition
Bourguignon, Jacques. "Etude du complexe enzymatique impliqué dans l'oxydation de la glycine par les mitochondries de tissus foliaires." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10118.
Full textThuillier-Bruston, Francine. "Culture photoorganotrophique sur milieu glycolate et metabolisme photorespiratoire de ce substrat chez euglena gracilis z." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077086.
Full textMateo, Alfonso. "Roles of LESIONS SIMULATING DISEASE1 and Salicylic Acid in Acclimation of Plants to Environmental Cues : Redox Homeostasis and physiological processes underlying plants responses to biotic and abiotic challenges." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Botany, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-698.
Full textIn the natural environment plants are confronted to a multitude of biotic and abiotic stress factors that must be perceived, transduced, integrated and signaled in order to achieve a successful acclimation that will secure survival and reproduction. Plants have to deal with excess excitation energy (EEE) when the amount of absorbed light energy is exceeding that needed for photosynthetic CO2 assimilation. EEE results in ROS formation and can be enhanced in low light intensities by changes in other environmental factors.
The lesions simulating disease resistance (lsd1) mutant of Arabidopsis spontaneously initiates spreading lesions paralleled by ROS production in long day photoperiod and after application of salicylic acid (SA) and SA-analogues that trigger systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Moreover, the mutant fails to limit the boundaries of hypersensitive cell death (HR) after avirulent pathogen infection giving rise to the runaway cell death (rcd) phenotype. This ROS-dependent phenotype pointed towards a putative involvement of the ROS produced during photosynthesis in the initiation and spreading of the lesions.
We report here that the rcd has a ROS-concentration dependent phenotype and that the light-triggered rcd is depending on the redox-state of the PQ pool in the chloroplast. Moreover, the lower stomatal conductance and catalase activity in the mutant suggested LSD1 was required for optimal gas exchange and ROS scavenging during EEE. Through this regulation, LSD1 can influence the effectiveness of photorespiration in dissipating EEE. Moreover, low and high SA levels are strictly correlated to lower and higher foliar H2O2 content, respectively. This implies an essential role of SA in regulating the redox homeostasis of the cell and suggests that SA could trigger rcd in lsd1 by inducing H2O2 production.
LSD1 has been postulated to be a negative regulator of cell death acting as a ROS rheostat. Above a certain threshold, the pro-death pathway would operate leading to PCD. Our data suggest that LSD1 may be subjected to a turnover, enhanced in an oxidizing milieu and slowed down in a reducing environment that could reflect this ROS rheostat property. Finally, the two protein disulphide isomerase boxes (CGHC) present in the protein and the down regulation of the NADPH thioredoxin reductase (NTR) in the mutant connect the rcd to a putative impairment in the reduction of the cytosolic thioredoxin system. We propose that LSD1 suppresses the cell death processes through its control of the oxidation-reduction state of the TRX pool. An integrated model considers the role of LSD1 in both light acclimatory processes and in restricting pathogen-induced cell death.
Poeydomenge, Odile. "Etude de la saccharose-phosphate synthase et orientation du carbone fixé en photosynthèse chez le tournesol (Helianthus annuus L. )." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30051.
Full textMaury, Pierre. "Adaptation à la sécheresse et photosynthèse chez le tournesol (helianthus annuus l. )." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT011A.
Full textSousa, Rachel Hellen Vieira de. "Silenciamento de peroxidase do ascorbato peroxissomal induz mudanÃas antioxidantes capazes de atenuar estresse oxidativo induzido por excesso de H2O2 na deficiÃncia de catalase." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13051.
Full textAs enzimas Peroxidase do ascorbato (APX) e catalase (CAT) sÃo as mais importantes na remoÃÃo de H2O2 nas cÃlulas vegetais. Ambas estÃo presentes nos peroxissomos. Em elevada fotorrespiraÃÃo a quantidade de H2O2 nos peroxissomos à aumentada, em funÃÃo de uma maior atividade de glicolato oxidase (GO), enzima produtora de H2O2. A catalase se destaca na remoÃÃo de H2O2 por possuir um Km elevado e ser capaz de eliminar maiores concentraÃÃes de H2O2 do que a APX. A importÃncia da isoforma peroxissomal da APX no metabolismo antioxidante das cÃlulas vegetais ainda à desconhecida. Hà poucos trabalhos na literatura que estudam a papel da APXp. Para tanto, realizamos esse trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inibiÃÃo da catalase em plantas de arroz (APX4) silenciadas em uma isoforma peroxissomal de APX. Inicialmente foi realizada uma caracterizaÃÃo de trÃs linhagens de APX4 (Lg, Lh e Lj), com o objetivo de selecionar uma para estudos futuros. Foi observado uma menor atividade de GO e um leve aumento na fotossÃntese liquida nas trÃs linhagens mutantes. Com base em parÃmetros bioquÃmicos, fisiolÃgicos e fotossintÃticos, foi escolhida a linhagem APX4-Lg. O silenciamento da APX4 resultou em supressÃo da expressÃo da outra isoforma peroxissomal, APX3. Posteriormente, foram realizados experimentos inibindo a catalase com aminotriazol (AT) em plantas NT (nÃo transformadas) e APX4. As plantas mutantes tiveram um menor vazamento de eletrÃlitos do que as NT, com a inibiÃÃo da catalase. A sÃntese de GSH (glutationa reduzida), na ausÃncia de CAT, foi maior nas plantas NT. Com a inibiÃÃo da CAT a atividade de GPX (peroxidade da glutationa) aumentou mais nas plantas APX4. Com o objetivo de induzir uma maior efeito da ausÃncia de CAT, foi realizado um experimento combinando inibiÃÃo CAT com luz (1000 μmol fÃtons m-2s-1), em segmentos. Semelhante ao resultados encontrados em plantas, as plantas APX4 sofreram menos com a inibiÃÃo da catalase. Visto que no tratamento de AT+luz as plantas mutantes, comparadas com as NT, apresentaram maior Fv/Fm, menor vazamento de eletrÃlitos e menor acumulaÃÃo de H2O2. Experimentos com inibiÃÃo de GO tambÃm foram conduzidos, com o intuito de reduzir a fotorrespiraÃÃo. Estes resultados mostram que as plantas silenciadas em APX4 apresentam uma maior tolerÃncia a inibiÃÃo da catalase atravÃs de uma nova homeostase redox capaz de lidar melhor com ausÃncia de catalase. Estudos posteriores sÃo necessÃrios para elucidar quais mecanismos as plantas APX4 desenvolveram para conferir a elas uma melhor aclimataÃÃo a ausÃncia de catalase.
The ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) are the most important enzymes in removing H2O2 of plant cells. Both are present in peroxisomes. In high photorespiration, the amount of H2O2 in peroxisomes is increased, due to greater activity of glycolate oxidase (GO), enzyme producer of H2O2. Catalase has greater involvement in the removal of H2O2 presenting a high Km and the ability to scavenge higher concentrations of H2O2 than APX. The importance of the peroxisomal isoform of APX in antioxidant metabolism of plant cells is still unknown. There are few papers in literature reporting the role of pAPX. Thus, we performed this work with the objective of evaluating the effect of catalase inhibition in rice plants (APX4) silenced in APXâs peroxisomal isoform. Initially, it was performed a characterization work of three lines of APX4 (Lg, Lh and Lj), aiming to select one line for future studies. It was observed lower GO activity and a slight increase in net photosynthesis in the three mutant lines. Based on biochemical, physiological and photosynthetic parameters, APX4-Lg line was chosen. The APX4 silencing resulted in suppression of expression of the other peroxisomal isoform, APX3. Subsequently, experiments were conducted with catalase inhibition by aminotriazole (AT) in plants NT and APX4. Mutant plants had less electrolyte leakage than NT plants when catalase was inhibited. The synthesis of GSH in the absence of CAT was higher in NT plants. After CAT inhibition, GPX activity increase was higher in APX4 than in NT plants. In order to induce a greater effect of the CAT absence, an experiment was performed combining CAT inhibition with light (1000 μmol photons m -2 s -1), in leaf segments. Similar to the results found in plants, APX4 suffered less than NT plants, with catalase inhibition. APX4 plants also showed higher Fv/Fm, lower electrolyte leakage and lower accumulation of H2O2, in AT+light treatment. Experiments with inhibition of GO were also conducted in order to reduce photorespiration. These results show that plants silenced in APX4 exhibited greater tolerance to inhibition of catalase by a new redox homeostasis able to cope with the catalase inhibition. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms that APX4 plants have developed to provide better acclimation to catalase inhibition.
Sousa, Rachel Hellen Vieira de. "Silenciamento de peroxidase do ascorbato peroxissomal induz mudanças antioxidantes capazes de atenuar estresse oxidativo induzido por excesso de H2O2 na deficiência de catalase." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18851.
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The ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) are the most important enzymes in removing H2O2 of plant cells. Both are present in peroxisomes. In high photorespiration, the amount of H2O2 in peroxisomes is increased, due to greater activity of glycolate oxidase (GO), enzyme producer of H2O2. Catalase has greater involvement in the removal of H2O2 presenting a high Km and the ability to scavenge higher concentrations of H2O2 than APX. The importance of the peroxisomal isoform of APX in antioxidant metabolism of plant cells is still unknown. There are few papers in literature reporting the role of pAPX. Thus, we performed this work with the objective of evaluating the effect of catalase inhibition in rice plants (APX4) silenced in APX’s peroxisomal isoform. Initially, it was performed a characterization work of three lines of APX4 (Lg, Lh and Lj), aiming to select one line for future studies. It was observed lower GO activity and a slight increase in net photosynthesis in the three mutant lines. Based on biochemical, physiological and photosynthetic parameters, APX4-Lg line was chosen. The APX4 silencing resulted in suppression of expression of the other peroxisomal isoform, APX3. Subsequently, experiments were conducted with catalase inhibition by aminotriazole (AT) in plants NT and APX4. Mutant plants had less electrolyte leakage than NT plants when catalase was inhibited. The synthesis of GSH in the absence of CAT was higher in NT plants. After CAT inhibition, GPX activity increase was higher in APX4 than in NT plants. In order to induce a greater effect of the CAT absence, an experiment was performed combining CAT inhibition with light (1000 μmol photons m -2 s -1), in leaf segments. Similar to the results found in plants, APX4 suffered less than NT plants, with catalase inhibition. APX4 plants also showed higher Fv/Fm, lower electrolyte leakage and lower accumulation of H2O2, in AT+light treatment. Experiments with inhibition of GO were also conducted in order to reduce photorespiration. These results show that plants silenced in APX4 exhibited greater tolerance to inhibition of catalase by a new redox homeostasis able to cope with the catalase inhibition. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms that APX4 plants have developed to provide better acclimation to catalase inhibition.
As enzimas Peroxidase do ascorbato (APX) e catalase (CAT) são as mais importantes na remoção de H2O2 nas células vegetais. Ambas estão presentes nos peroxissomos. Em elevada fotorrespiração a quantidade de H2O2 nos peroxissomos é aumentada, em função de uma maior atividade de glicolato oxidase (GO), enzima produtora de H2O2. A catalase se destaca na remoção de H2O2 por possuir um Km elevado e ser capaz de eliminar maiores concentrações de H2O2 do que a APX. A importância da isoforma peroxissomal da APX no metabolismo antioxidante das células vegetais ainda é desconhecida. Há poucos trabalhos na literatura que estudam a papel da APXp. Para tanto, realizamos esse trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da inibição da catalase em plantas de arroz (APX4) silenciadas em uma isoforma peroxissomal de APX. Inicialmente foi realizada uma caracterização de três linhagens de APX4 (Lg, Lh e Lj), com o objetivo de selecionar uma para estudos futuros. Foi observado uma menor atividade de GO e um leve aumento na fotossíntese liquida nas três linhagens mutantes. Com base em parâmetros bioquímicos, fisiológicos e fotossintéticos, foi escolhida a linhagem APX4-Lg. O silenciamento da APX4 resultou em supressão da expressão da outra isoforma peroxissomal, APX3. Posteriormente, foram realizados experimentos inibindo a catalase com aminotriazol (AT) em plantas NT (não transformadas) e APX4. As plantas mutantes tiveram um menor vazamento de eletrólitos do que as NT, com a inibição da catalase. A síntese de GSH (glutationa reduzida), na ausência de CAT, foi maior nas plantas NT. Com a inibição da CAT a atividade de GPX (peroxidade da glutationa) aumentou mais nas plantas APX4. Com o objetivo de induzir uma maior efeito da ausência de CAT, foi realizado um experimento combinando inibição CAT com luz (1000 μmol fótons m-2s-1), em segmentos. Semelhante ao resultados encontrados em plantas, as plantas APX4 sofreram menos com a inibição da catalase. Visto que no tratamento de AT+luz as plantas mutantes, comparadas com as NT, apresentaram maior Fv/Fm, menor vazamento de eletrólitos e menor acumulação de H2O2. Experimentos com inibição de GO também foram conduzidos, com o intuito de reduzir a fotorrespiração. Estes resultados mostram que as plantas silenciadas em APX4 apresentam uma maior tolerância a inibição da catalase através de uma nova homeostase redox capaz de lidar melhor com ausência de catalase. Estudos posteriores são necessários para elucidar quais mecanismos as plantas APX4 desenvolveram para conferir a elas uma melhor aclimatação a ausência de catalase.
Regina, Murillo de Albuquerque. "Réponses des cépages de Vitis vinifera L. Aux variations de l'environnement : effets de la contrainte hydrique sur la photosynthèse, la photorespiration et la teneur en acide abcissique des feuilles." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR20254.
Full textAugusti, Angela. "Monitoring climate and plant physiology using deuterium isotopomers of carbohydrates." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå Plant Science Centre, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1042.
Full textLevey, Myles [Verfasser], Peter [Gutachter] Westhoff, and Andreas P. M. [Gutachter] Weber. "Die Expression des photorespiratorischen Gens 2-Phosphoglycolat-Phosphatase im Genus Flaveria und die Folgen einer beeinträchtigten Photorespiration für die C4-Pflanze Flaveria bidentis / Myles Levey ; Gutachter: Peter Westhoff, Andreas P. M. Weber." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1129872726/34.
Full textNespoulous, Claude. "Caractérisation de la prise d'oxygène à la lumière chez deux végétaux modèles : influence d'un régulateur de croissance sur les échanges gazeux." Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX22047.
Full textLaureau, Constance. "Le rôle de la PTOX dans l'acclimatation des plantes alpines aux conditions extrêmes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022824.
Full textRzigui, Touhami. "Analyse de la réponse d'un mutant mitochondrial de Nicotiana sylvestris au manque d'eau." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00637215.
Full textCournac, Laurent. "Contribution à l'étude des échanges gazeux photosynthétiques et respiratoires chez les végétaux de type C3 : apport des cultures "in vitro"." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20298.
Full textCarvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de. "Caracterização de perfis transcricionais de folhas e da região cambial de Eucalyptus grandis usando o SAGE." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-15032007-145738/.
Full textRecently genomic and post-genomic strategies have been used to study important tree species in planted forests. In the tropical countries, like Brazil, Eucalyptus species are especially important in commercial plantations destined for the paper and cellulose industry. Eucalyptus species are characterized by their high growth rates and great adaptability resulting from the interaction between molecular mechanisms and metabolic processes that are still uncharacterized. Thus, the main goal of this work was the comparison of the transcriptional profiles from leaves and the cambial region of Eucalyptus grandis trees. The use of SAGE allowed the evaluation of 5864 expressed tags of which 2247 (38%) could be identified. 464 differentially expressed tags were indicated, of which 47 were exclusively expressed in the cambial region library and 64 in the leaf library. Furthermore, the strategies used in the tag mapping process allowed an efficient use of the SAGE tags to distinguish gene isoforms with tissue-specific and/or specific cell localizations. Genes related to photosynthesis, photorespiration and cellular detoxification were preferentially found in the SAGE leaf library, while genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis, cytoskeletal organization and respiration were preferentially expressed in the developing xylem. Transcript expression levels suggested the presence of a common transcriptional control for a few functionally related genes, for example, some lignin related genes. Importantly, transcript expression levels were also used for the identification of target genes and processes potentially useful in future Eucalyptus breeding programs.
Tomeo, Nicholas J. "Genetic Variation in Photosynthesis as a Tool for Finding Principal Routes to Enhancing Photosynthetic Efficiency." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1492185865465393.
Full textRahantaniaina, Marie Sylviane. "Vers une meilleure compréhension des systèmes antioxydants chez la plante face aux contraintes environnementales : approches expérimentales et modélisation mécaniste." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS246.
Full textThe most important metabolic pathways in the control of oxidative stress remain to be elucidated in plants. Those linked to glutathione play an important role. However, the reactions responsible for its oxidation have not been clearly identified. Here, analysis based on available biochemical, transcriptomic and genetic data emphasized likely important questions to be elucidated for a full understanding of how stress-related redox regulation might impinge on phytohormone-related signaling pathways. Using a reverse genetics approach and the photorespiratory conditional cat2 mutant, we studied the response and functional importance of three potential routes for glutathione oxidation pathways mediated by glutathione S-transferases, glutaredoxin dependent peroxiredoxins, and dehydroascorbate reductases (DHAR) in Arabidopsis during oxidative stress. Hence, interplay between different DHARs appears to be necessary to couple ascorbate and glutathione pools and to allow glutathione-related signaling during enhanced H2O2 metabolism. In addition to experimental work, modelling is another way to investigate H2O2 production and its metabolism related to catalase activity and ascorbate glutathione pathway. This approach led to major conclusions, that catalase and ascorbate peroxidase can share the load in H2O2 processing even in optimal growth conditions. Furthermore, simulations propose that NADPH availability may determine glutathione oxidation through its influence on monodehydroascorbate reduction. Taken together, experimental results and our kinetic model strengthen that the sensitivity of glutathione status to oxidative stress acts as a suitable sensor of increased H2O2
Vauclare, Pierre. "Structure, biogenèse et expression de la protéine T du complexe de la glycine décarboxylase des plantes supérieures." Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10051.
Full textGuilhaudis, Laure. "Le complexe de la glycine décarboxylase : caractérisation structurale et dynamique de la protéine H." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10007.
Full textEpron, Daniel. "Effets des déficits hydriques et des forts éclairements sur la photosynthèse de jeunes semis de chênes en conditions contrôlées et de chênes adultes en conditions naturelles." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10010.
Full text"MANIPULATING CARBON METABOLISM TO ENHANCE STRESS TOLERANCE (Short circuiting photorespiration in tobacco)." Tese, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do IBICT, 2006. http://tede.ibict.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=485.
Full textNießen, Markus [Verfasser]. "Photorespiration in Arabidopsis thaliana : natürliche Evolution und gentechnologische Modifikation / vorgelegt von Markus Nießen." 2008. http://d-nb.info/992539528/34.
Full textSilva, Ana Elizabete do Carmo 1980. "Photosynthesis and photorespiration in three C4 grasses of diferent metabolic sub-types, under water stress." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/1525.
Full textBari, Rafijul [Verfasser]. "A novel approach for the suppression of photorespiration in C3 plants by gene transfer / von Rafijul Bari." 2004. http://d-nb.info/971151288/34.
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