Dissertations / Theses: 'Photovoltaic Technology'

1

Piyasil, Pan. "Risk and Profitability of Photovoltaic Technology in Thailand." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-181032.

Full text

Abstract:

Thailand possesses high potential for solar energy, which has been given more attention from both government and the private sector lately. While the major investment in solar energy has gradually shifted from governments to private sectors, this paper aims to compare private investment's net present value (NPV) and production risks of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) projects. The scope of this paper includes PV projects on three different scales: 3 kW, 5 MW and 73 MW installed capacity in 74 locations across Thailand. The study utilizes RETscreen software to estimate means and variability in electricity productions in Thailand. Cost-benefit analysis is the method used to measure projects’ NPV and profitability, while portfolio theory is applied to capture the profit variability or production risk. The analysis also includes 3 feed-in-tariff (FIT or adder) scenarios that are likely to happen in the solar energy policy in Thailand; which are 8 baht/kWh, 6.5 baht/kWh and the case where there is no support at all. The study finds that 3 kW PV projects yield negative NPV, which means investment losses, in all scenarios and locations in the country. On the other hand, 5 MW PV projects result in positive NPV in all scenarios and locations and it is concluded to be the most profitable scale among three. 73 MW PV projects are considered as policy dependenceas the projectsyield negative NPV without the supports. Sensitivity analysis shows that the costs of 3 kW projects have to reduce at least by 60% in order to turn the projects to profits. With respect to allocation of risk, the production risks of 73 MW projects are slightly higher compared to the other two scales. Also, it is shown that the technologies located in north of Thailand have higher production risks, but yield approximately the same expected net benefits as technologies located in the rest of the country. As for conclusions, the future of PV technology in Thailand is still bright, but the investors should intensely consider about scale and location of the implementation. Further researches can examine other scales of PV technology and the drives behind the risk characteristics in Thailand.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Emmott, Christopher John MacKay. "The carbon mitigation potential of emerging photovoltaic technology." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/34379.

Full text

Abstract:

Photovoltaic systems provide a solution for harnessing energy from the sun whilst reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. Organic photovoltaics (OPV), based on blends of polymer and fullerene materials, have recently received widespread interest within academia and business due to its potential for low costs, minimum environmental impact and rapid roll-to-roll manufacture. In addition, modules can be customised for flexibility, light-weight and colour. However, OPV modules also show considerably lower efficiencies than mature photovoltaic technologies, as well as much reduced lifetimes. This thesis presents a framework for the analysis of the potential for GHG mitigation by assessing how unique characteristics of the technology may influence its GHG mitigation potential. In the first instance, the extent to which OPV can realise the goal of low costs and minimal environmental impact is assessed. This analysis shows that GHG emissions from OPV manufacture are considerably lower than mature PV technologies. However, the economic cost of OPV, whilst lower on the basis of capital costs, struggles to compete on a levelised basis assuming current projections for lifetime, suggesting that the technology will only have an impact on GHG mitigation outside conventional PV applications. Two potential niche applications are analysed as case-studies. Analysis of using OPV materials as a partially transparent coating in greenhouse structures concludes that currently available OPV materials can provide significant power with minimal impact on crop growth. However, partial coverage with opaque crystalline silicon modules can provide more electricity with less impact on crops. The second case-study looks at the application of OPV in providing off-grid lighting, assessing the emissions and costs associated with this application as well as looking at the long term degradation of OPV in the harsh environments, through a field trial of the technology in Southern Rwanda. Finally, analysis of the transition to solar energy technology shows that OPV can provide much more rapid emission reductions in comparison to mature technology, despite higher levelised emissions. This work concludes that organic photovoltaic technology may be limited to a few niche applications where inferior performance does not present a challenge, or unique properties are advantageous. However, the application case-studies presented in this thesis show a large GHG mitigation potential from such applications, and analysis of the transition to PV demonstrates the added advantage of OPV in realising rapid emission reductions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Ansley, Steven R., and Lewis H. Phillips. "The photovoltaic power converter: a technology readiness assessment." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10023.

Full text

Abstract:

MBA Professional Report
With the DoD moving towards evolutionary acquisition and incremental development of weapons systems and soldier applications, it is important that the maturity of new technologies be properly assessed so that the probability of success, once inserted into a program, can be maximized. The purpose of this report is to examine the Photovoltaic Power Converter (PVPC) technology, developed by Atira Technologies, as a potential Department of Defense Acquisition program/project. Specifically, the report focuses on a Technology Readiness Assessment (TRA). The report validates the PVPC technology and estimates, with 95% confidence, that the PVPC enables a solar power system to convert between 30.39% and 48.60% more solar energy into power than an identical system without the PVPC. The report also identifies and documents the required supporting information to justify a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 5 for the PVPC. Finally, the report recommends inserting the PVPC into the DoD Acquisition System as a commercial item via horizontal technology insertion or the Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration Program.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Dhimish, Mahmoud. "Fault detection and performance analysis of photovoltaic installations." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2018. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34576/.

Full text

Abstract:

The cumulative global photovoltaic (PV) capacity has been growing exponentially around the world, especially due to the installation of grid connected photovoltaic (GCPV) plants. Fault detection and analysis are important for the efficiency, reliability and safety of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Even This thesis reports the results of the research work conducted to invent novel fault detection algorithms and evaluate their deployment in multiple existing PV installation, and empirically validate their performance. A major contribution of this thesis is the development of PV fault detection algorithms based on two indicators named power ratio (PR) and voltage ratio (VR). Both ratios are used to identify the type of the fault that occurs in the PV modules, in PV string, and/or in maximum power point tracking (MPPT) unit. Three AI based algorithms were also used to detect faults in PV modules. The first algorithm uses six regions of the power and voltage ratio in order to detect faults in PV systems. The average detection accuracy for the algorithm is equal to 94.74%. However, Mamdani Fuzzy Logic system has been used to enhance the occurrence of fault detection in the PV installations which resulted in an increase to 99.12%. The second proposed PV fault detection algorithm detects defective bypass diodes in PV modules using Mamdani Fuzzy Logic. Whereas, a third PV detection algorithm is based on artificial neural networks (ANN) networks. Four different ANN models have been modelled, which can be classified as follows: - 2 inputs, 5 outputs using 1 hidden layer - 2 inputs, 5 outputs using 2 hidden layers - 2 inputs, 9 outputs using 1 hidden layer - 2 inputs, 9 outputs using 2 hidden layers The output results for the last ANN network had the highest overall fault detection accuracy of 92.1%. In this thesis, the development of two hot spot mitigation techniques used in PV modules will be discussed. These techniques are capable of enhancing the output power of PV modules which are affected by hot spots and partial shading conditions. The detection of hot spots was captured using i5 FLIR thermal imaging camera. Finally the thesis describes the impact of PV micro cracks on the output power of PV modules. A new statistical analysis approach using T-test and F-test was used to identify the significance impact of the cracks on the output power performance of the PV modules. This is developed using LabVIEW software.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Bawakyillenuo, Simon. "Rural electrification in Ghana : issues of photovoltaic energy technology utilisation." Thesis, University of Hull, 2007. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:579.

Full text

Abstract:

Energy plays a pivotal role in human development. Not only is it sine qua non for national economic development, but it also provides services that enhance social development including, health and sanitation, education, potable water, cooking. In spite of this, at present, there are about two billion people without access to modern sources of energy, most of them in the rural areas of the developing world. Consequentially, the social and economic development of these two billion people hangs in the balance. In recent times, however, considerable advocacy has taken place in the academic and policy studies, environmental fora, and national agenda about solar PV energy technology serving as a panacea to the energy problems of rural populations in developing countries, especially Sub-Sahara Africa, whilst also helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Notwithstanding this great advocacy, the literature on the dissemination of this technology has been incomplete in fostering understanding on the discourses surrounding its low dissemination rates in rural Ghana compared to countries such as Kenya and Zimbabwe; the sustainability of installed solar PV systems; and the usefulness of solar PV in serving the needs of the rural poor. In resorting to an interdisciplinary approach (methodology and theoretical foundation), this study has explored the energy perspectives of Ghana, the dynamics of rural electrification and energy needs, and the interplay of processes and forces underpinning the adoption and non-adoption of solar PV in rural Ghana. Results of this study show that, Ghana has abundant renewable energy resources, especially solar radiation. However, the study further reveals that the resource base alone of solar PV technology is not the panacea to its successful dissemination and the energy needs of all in rural Ghana. Significantly, this study has shown that the adoption and non-adoption perspectives of solar PV in rural Ghana and the sustainability of installed solar PV systems, as well as the disparate levels of solar PV dissemination in Ghana, Kenya and Zimbabwe, are contingent on multi-dimensional circumstances. This stands in contrast to the majority of literature that often emphasise cost as the sole determining factor of the non-adoption of solar PV in most developing countries. Results of this study therefore have implications for rural energy supply policy approaches and other institutional arrangements on solar PV issues in Ghana.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Jacobsen, Adrian Cornelius. "Financial Valuation of Photovoltaic Projects A Critical Assessment of Current Approaches and the Real Value of Photovoltaic Technology /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/03606100001/$FILE/03606100001.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Knowles, Ashley Alan. "Thin films of CuInSeâ†2 for photovoltaic devices." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235609.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Annese, Federico. "Large Scale Photovoltaic Market Analysis In Italy." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290359.

Full text

Abstract:

The environmental targets set by Europe of reaching a net zero carbon emission by 2050 and the European Green Deal have increased the environmental targets previously set. The Italian government managed to reach the targets set by 2020 in advance and started to work on the 2030 targets in 2017. Nevertheless, after the EU agreement on the Green Deal, the strategy has been revised and the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan has been published with the aim of setting clear targets to reach by 2030 in compliance with the strategy of the European Union. The Italian strategy will strongly rely on solar and wind energy: the government intends reaching 51 GW of installed solar capacity from the 20.8 GW currently installed. The cost-competitiveness of solar energy is well known, and it has already reached the grid parity stage in Italy. This study is aimed at giving in the first part an insight on the current status and future trends of photovoltaic technology. In the second part, the analysis has been focused on the Italian photovoltaic energy, market schemes and permitting phase. The biggest threats to the deployment of large scale photovoltaic are: the land procurement due to the national and regional/municipal constraints and the impossibility of knowing a priori the availability of connection capacity. Lastly, a feasibility study has been performed on a site in the northern part of Italy. The scope was to assess which was the best design solution that maximized the IRR. Therefore, a technoeconomic optimization has been carried out on three different systems: the fixed mounting, the single axis tracking (astronomical) (SAT-A) and the single axis tracking with backtracking (SAT-B). For the economic analysis, a financial model has been built to account for taxation and the debt schedule. The optimization showed that the backtracking system is a good trade-off between the system with the higher production (SAT-A) and the system with less land consumption (fixed mounting). For the optimization in the feasibility study also bifacial modules have been tested. Unfortunately, the cost figure found for the modules led to IRR lower with respect to the other systems. Nevertheless, all the systems have shown an economic and technical feasibility. As emerged from the sensitivity analysis, the continuous reduction in system cost will further benefit the system.
De miljömål som fastställts av Europa för att nå ett nollutsläpp av koldioxid till 2050 och European Green Deal har ökat de tidigare uppställda miljömålen. Den italienska regeringen lyckades nå de mål som sattes upp i 2020 i förväg och började arbeta med 2030-målen 2017. Ändå har strategin reviderats efter att EU-avtalet om Green Deal och den integrerade nationella energi- och klimatplanen har publicerats med målet att fastställa tydliga mål för att nå 2030 i enlighet med Europeiska unionens strategi. Den italienska strategin kommer starkt att förlita sig på solenergi och vindkraft: regeringen avser att nå 51 GW installerad solkapacitet från de 20,8 GW som för närvarande är installerade. Kostnadskonkurrenskraften för solenergi är välkänd och den har redan nått nätparitetsstadiet i Italien. Denna studie syftar till att ge den första delen en inblick i den aktuella statusen och framtida trender inom solceller teknik. I den andra delen har analysen fokuserats på den italienska solcellsenergin, marknadsplaner och tillståndsfasen. De största hoten mot utbyggnaden av storskaliga solceller är: markupphandling på grund av nationella och regionala/kommunala begränsningar och omöjligheten att på förhand veta tillgängligheten av elnätskapacitet. Slutligen har en genomförbarhetsstudie genomförts på en plats i norra delen av Italien. Räckvidden var att bedöma vilken som var den bästa designlösningen som maximerade IRR. Därför har en teknoekonomisk optimering genomförts på tre olika system: fast montering, enkelaxelspårning (astronomisk) (SAT-A) och enkelaxelspårning med backtracking (SAT-B). För den ekonomiska analysen har en finansiell modell byggts för att redogöra för beskattningen och skuldplanen. Optimeringen visade att backtracking-systemet är en bra avvägning mellan systemet med högre produktion (SAT-A) och systemet med mindre markförbrukning (fast montering). För optimering i genomförbarhetsstudien har även bifaciala moduler testats. Tyvärr ledde kostnadssiffran för modulerna till IRR lägre i förhållande till de andra systemen. Ändå har alla system visat en ekonomisk och teknisk genomförbarhet. Som framgår av känslighetsanalysen kommer den kontinuerliga minskningen av systemkostnaderna att gynna systemet ytterligare.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Stafford, Peter. "A technology assessment of photovoltaic concentrator systems (CPV) and their prospects." Thesis, Stafford, Peter (2008) A technology assessment of photovoltaic concentrator systems (CPV) and their prospects. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/1647/.

Full text

Abstract:

This dissertation attempts to put some clarity and order into our understanding of the dynamic development of Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems (CPVs) in the world today. The photovoltaic industry is showing high growth and this is being driven by the demand for flat plate silicon modules (about 90 % of the market) and thin film modules (almost all of the remaining 10 percent). In the last two years we have seen a ‘perfect storm’ situation of favourable factors driving the development of CPV in line with the growth in the rest of the industry. The reasons behind this storm are multifactorial, including silicon supply shortages, increases in the power output of high efficiency cells, recognition that ‘climate change’ is a problem that needs remedying. Technology development programs have helped to solve problems that high concentration of sunlight cause, such as photovoltaic (PV) cell damage, tracking inaccuracy and lens degradation. My method of adding clarity was to simply find out as much information as possible on CPV technologies and the businesses that are attempting to develop them and to then devise a method of rating their likelihood of success in this new market. Information was very hard to come by with companies guarding their secrets well. After examining the data collected, trends such as lenses being preferred over mirrors in High Concentrator Photovoltaic (HCPV) systems became evident. HCPV conversion devices were more numerous in type and overall numbers deployed on the ground. This popularity over Low Concentrator Photovoltaic (LCPV) systems was by a factor of three with only two companies, Entech and Whitfield Solar, developing what I term a Medium Concentrator Photovoltaic System. (MCPV). Finally I rated ten firms as market leaders because of their potential to develop near MW and MW levels of power in 2008. Special mention is given to four firms who may be able to ramp up their production quickly. The industry has been changing rapidly during the short time of my research with firm acquisitions, mergers, technology sharing and buyouts common. An added bonus to my research is the collection of company contacts that may help interested parties keep abreast of this dynamic industry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Aldali, Yasser. "Solar thermal and photovoltaic electrical generation in Libya." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2012. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/5272.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis investigates the application of large scale concentrated solar (CSP) and photovoltaic power plants in Libya. Direct Steam Generation (DSG) offers a cheaper and less risky method of generating electricity using concentrated solar energy than Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) plant. However, it is argued that the location of a DSG plant can be critical in realising these benefits, and that the South-East part of Libya is ideal in this respect. The models and calculations presented here are the result of an implementation of the 2007 revision of the IAPWS equations in a general application based on Microsoft Excel and VBA. The hypothetical design for 50MW DSG power plant discussed in this thesis is shown to yield an 76% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to an equivalent gas-only plant over the ten-hour daily period of operation. Land requirement is modest at 0.7km2. A new method for improving the distribution of heat within the absorber tube wall was developed. Internal helical fins within the absorber tube have been proposed to provide a regularly pitched and orderly distribution of flow from the ‘hot' to the ‘cold' side of the absorber tube. Note that the irradiance profile on the absorber tube is highly asymmetric. A CFD simulation using FLUENT software was carried out for three types of pipes with different internal helical-fin pitch, and an aluminium pipe without fins. The results show that the thermal gradient between the upper and lower temperature for the pipe without a helical fin is considerably higher compared with the pipes with helical fins. Also, the thermal gradient between the two halves for the aluminium pipe (without a helical fin) is much lower when compared to the result for the traditional steel pipe (without a helical fin). A 50MW PV-grid connected (stationary and tracking) power plant design in Al-Kufra, Libya has been carried out presently. A hetero-junction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) type PV module has been selected and modelled. The effectiveness of the use of a cooling jacket on the modules has been evaluated. A Microsoft Excel-VBA program has been constructed to compute slope radiation, dew-point, sky temperature, and then cell temperature, maximum power output and module efficiency for this system, with and without water cooling for stationary system and for tracking system without water cooling. The results for energy production show that the total energy output is 114GWh/year without a water cooling system, 119GWh/year with a water cooling system for stationary system and 148GWh/year for tracking system. The average module efficiency with and without a cooling system for the stationary system is 17.2% and 16.6% respectively and 16.2% for the tracking system. The electricity generation capacity factor (CF) and solar capacity factor (SCF) for stationary system were found to be 26% and 62.5% respectively and 34% and 82% for tracking system. The payback time for the proposed LS-PV power plant was found to be 2.75 years for the stationary system and 3.58 years for the tracking system. The modelling that was carried was based on the measurements conducted on the experimental system set in a city in the southern part of Turkey. Those measurements are recorded by a Turkish team at Iskanderun. As well as the current, voltage and cell temperature of the photovoltaic module, the environmental variables such as ambient temperature and solar irradiance were measured. These data were used for validation purposes. The correlation for the conversion of solar irradiation from horizontal to sloped surface indicated that the presently used model is highly successful reflected by the goodness of fit parameters: the coefficient of determination is 0.97, and the mean bias error -2.2W/m2. Similarly, the cell temperature model used in the present thesis is validated by the following correlation parameters R2 = 0.97 oC, while MBE is 0.7 and RMSE = 2.1 oC.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Hamada, Ali, and Fredrik Larsson. "EastWest : Solar tracking photovoltaic panel." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264471.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this project was to investigate how efficient it is to implement steering of a solar panel, in one or two axes. To determine how efficient it is, special consideration was taken to the energy usage of the driving system. Practical applications have also been considered with pros and cons. To answer the research questions a prototype was built and a controlled environment for testing was arranged. Rotating the panel in one axis resulted in a 26% energy increase and for the two-axis system a 56% energy increase compared to stationary panel. The use of stepper motors turned out to be not as efficient as needed, due to continuous use of energy at all times during operation.
Syftet med detta projekt var att undersöka hur effektivt det är att implementera styrning av en solpanel i en eller två axlar. För att kunna avgöra nyttan så togs det hänsyn till drivsystemet och hur mycket energi det gick åt för styrningen. Även praktiska tillämpningar kontrollerades och vilka fördelar och nackdelar som skulle erhållas. För att svara på frågeställningarna, tillverkades en prototyp som testades i en kontrollerad miljö. Genom att rotera panelen runt en axel ökar energiupptaget 26 % och för det tvåaxliga systemet 56 % jämfört med en stationär panel. Användningen av stegmotorer visade sig inte vara speciellt effektiv då det krävdes kontinuerlig strömmatning för att erhålla det motormoment som krävdes för att hålla panelen på plats.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Collin, Yvonnick. "Analysis of photovoltaic businessmodels competitivenessCase study in Poitiers, France." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-216164.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Abi, Ghanem Dana. "Renewable energy technologies and their users : the case of solar photovoltaic technology." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1078.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years, renewable energy technologies (RETs) have been increasingly recognised among a range of solutions for addressing climate change and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. However, their implementation in the UK has been slower than expected, creating a gap between the potential of these technologies and their actual deployment. Acknowledging the importance of users in the diffusion of RETs, this thesis examines how these users are conceptualised during RET implementation and use. Using theoretical perspectives from science and technology studies, it analyses the configuration of users during the design and implementation of photovoltaic systems, taking as an example two case studies that took place as part of the UK government's Photovoltaic Domestic Field Trial. The study investigates the multiplicity of actors involved in the installation projects and demonstrates the negotiated nature of photovoltaic system design. During this process, the actors - the managers of the installation projects - constructed user identities based on the users' perceived expectations, preferences, behaviour and knowledge. These identities were materialised into the design of the system, thus creating a script that shaped the use of the technology. The study explored how the photovoltaics were appropriated within the home, highlighting the different modes of use and types of users in relation to the technology. In doing so, the thesis presents how the project managers 'write' the technology, and how the technology is in turn 'read' by the users. This perspective can be helpful in understanding the deployment of RETs, as it stresses their socially shaped nature. It shows how the design of the photovoltaic system was the result of a negotiated process of managers' knowledge and expectations regarding the users, the users' methods of appropriation, and the sociotechnical systems within which they operate. It also argues for the importance of situating the use of photovoltaics. and other related RETs in the domestic sector, within the wider sociotechnical landscape governing household energy consumption.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Burianová, Eva. "Present and future of Photovoltaics in Czech Republic from the point of view of a large power utility company." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71869.

Full text

Abstract:

Goal of this thesis is to analyse sequence of events that led to current situation on the solar market in Czech Republic. Based on this analysis, current situation and scenarios for the near future from the point of view of large power utility company are described. For this aim, analysis of macro-environment is employed and focuses in detail on legislative and technological factors. Definition of possible scenarios starts with the description of current situation of saturated market. Solar power plants are then presented as reasonable equity investment from the point of view of large power utility company. Assumptions and entry data are described and the investment is evaluated using the net present value evaluation tool. For chosen entry parameters, sensitivity analysis is performed. This thesis then defines the situation when electricity produced from solar irradiation becomes competitive with other conventional sources.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Beukes, Justin. "An economic analysis of concentrator photovoltaic technology use in South Africa: a case study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018636.

Full text

Abstract:

South Africa relies heavily on fossil fuels, particularly coal, to generate electricity and it is a well known fact that the use of fossil fuels contributes to climate change, as it produces greenhouse gases (GHGs). In fact, internationally South Africa is the 17th highest emitter of GHGs (Congressional Research Service (CRS), 2008). Coupled with the environmental consequences of fossil fuel use, South Africa has a further responsibility of addressing the inherited backlog of electricity provision to the rural, and previously disadvantaged communities. In an attempt to address these two problems, the government issued the White Paper on Renewable Energy. In this paper, renewable energy alternatives are proposed to replace a portion of traditional electricity generating methods. Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) energy generation is one such renewable option available to government. CPV uses optic elements (such as lenses) to concentrate sunlight onto solar cells. Owing to the light being concentrated, the cells in CPV use less semiconductor material, which makes them more efficient in comparison to conventional photovoltaic (PV) cells. CPV is a technology that operates well in regions with high solar radiation. As such, South Africa is particularly well suited for this technology, with average solar radiation levels ranging from 4.5 to 6.5 05 ℎ/. CPV is also well suited for off-grid application, which addresses electricity demand in remote rural areas. This study is an economic project analysis of the installation, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning of CPV technology in a rural area in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The study area chosen for this purpose is the Tyefu settlement in the Eastern Cape. Tyefu was deemed ideal for this type of analysis due to four characteristics. Firstly, Tyefu is a remote rural settlement at the end of the national grid. Secondly, the community is very poor and previously disadvantaged. Thirdly, many households are without Eskom generated electricity. Lastly, the study area is located in an area with ideal irradiance levels for CPV. Two methods of economic project analysis are applied to this case study, namely a costbenefit analysis (CBA) and a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). Additionally, two types of CBA are performed, namely a private CBA and a social CBA. The private CBA evaluates the Tyefu electrification project from a private investor's perspective and the social CBA evaluates the project from society's point of view. The CEAs carried out compare the costeffectiveness of the traditional PV technology to that of CPV in terms of private and social costs. The private costs and benefits of the CPV project were identified and valued in terms of market prices. Then, this cost benefit profile was used to calculate net benefits which in turn were discounted to present values using a private discount rate of 6.42 percent. Three decision making criteria were generated, namely the net present value (NPV), the internal rate of return (IRR) and the benefit cost ratio (BCR). Sensitivity analysis was carried out by varying the private discount rate and the bidding price. The social costs and benefits of the CPV project were identified and valued in terms of shadow prices. This cost benefit profile was used to calculate net benefits. The net benefits were discounted to present values using a composite social discount rate equal to 5.97 percent. The same decision making criteria used in the private CBA were used in the social CBA and a sensitivity analysis was completed by varying the social discount rate. In terms of the private CEA, the costs were identified and valued in terms of market prices. All costs were brought to present values using the private discount rate of 6.42 percent. In terms of the social CEA, the costs were identified and valued in terms of shadow prices. All costs were brought to present values using the social discount rate of 5.97 percent. The cost-effectiveness (CE) ratios calculated have identical denominators since the annual output for both technologies are identical - both CPV and PV systems deliver 30 300 kWh per annum. This output is based on the demand of the given case study. The private CBA showed unfavourable results. The private CBA has a NPV of R2 046 629.01, the IRR is undefined (this is due to no sign change being present in the cost benefit profile), and has a BCR of 0.365. However, the social CBA yielded positive results, with a NPV of R125 616.64, an IRR of 8 percent (which exceeds the social discount rate of 5.97 percent), and a BCR of 1.045. The CEA showed that the CPV is more cost-effective than the traditional PV both in terms of private and social costs. The private CE ratio of CPV is R4.23/kWh compared to PV's CE ratio of R4.39/kWh. Similarly, the social CE ratio of CPV is R3.51/kWh compared to PV's CE ratio of R3.69/kWh. CPV rollout appears to be socially efficient on a small scale according to the social CBA. Consequently, the CPV project is not seen as desirable in terms of the private CBA as the benefit (income received per kWh) in the private analysis is too small to outweigh the costs of implementing and running a CPV plant in Tyefu. On the other hand, a redeeming factor is that CPV may be feasible privately, for large scale applications. A major reason for the CPV project not being appealing to private investors is that the maximum bidding price of R2.85/kWh (as at August 2011) is not high enough for private investors to undertake the CPV project. The sensitivity analysis of the bidding price showed that the bidding price of R2.85/kWh needs to be increased in the range of 250 percent (R7.13/kWh) and 300 percent (R8.55/kWh) for a great enough incentive to exist for private investors. It is thus recommended that policymakers take this into consideration when formulating policy. In terms of the social CBA, it is recommended that government undertake CPV projects of this kind, as it will be a socially desirable allocation of resources. If government were to pursue these types of projects, it is recommended that CPV be implemented as it is more cost effective than PV.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Odeh, Naser A. "Optimisation of a solar-photovoltaic-driven, roof slate-based ventilation preheating system." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2005. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/3867.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Mamontoff, Andres. "Incorporating solar technology to design in humid subtropical climates." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003170.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Zhao, Pei. "E-CRADLE v1.1 - An improved distributed system for Photovoltaic Informatics." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1449001689.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Sinclair, David John. "A review of international and local developments in photovoltaic technology and economics for developing areas." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8289.

Full text

Abstract:

Bibliography: leaves 251-258.
The experiences with photovoltaic systems in developing areas in the Third World, generally, and in South Africa, in particular, are assessed with respect to technical and economic performance. Literature on international developments in photovoltaic technology and markets and on applications in the Third World is reviewed. The results of photovoltaic demonstration projects in South Africa are discussed and implications are drawn in terms of improved system design methodologies. The costs of local photovoltaic applications are compared with petrol and diesel generators. Finally, recommendations are made for further research in areas relevant to systems applications in South Africa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Elrawemi, Mohamed. "Metrology and characterisation of defects in thin-film barrier layers employed in flexible photovoltaic modules." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/26617/.

Full text

Abstract:

Flexible thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules based on copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) materials are one of the most recent developments in the renewable energy field, and the latest films have efficiencies at or beyond the level of Si-based rigid PV modules. Whilst these films offer significant advantages in terms of mass and the possibility of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications, they are at present highly susceptible to long term environmental degradation as a result of water vapour transmission through the protective encapsulation layer to the active (absorber) layer. To maintain the PV module flexibility and to reduce or eliminate the water vapour permeability, the PV encapsulation includes a barrier layer of amorphous aluminium oxide (Al2O3) material of a few nanometres thickness deposited on a planarised polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrate. The highly conformal barrier layer of the Al2O3 is produced by atomic layer deposition (ALD) methods using roll-to-roll (R2R) technology. Nevertheless, water vapour permeation is still facilitated by the presence of micro and nano-scale defects generated during the deposition processes of the barrier material, which results in decreased cell efficiency and reduced unit longevity. The state of the art surface metrology technologies including: optical microscopy, white light scanning interferometry (WLSI), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were extensively deployed in this project as offline surface characterisation methods to characterise the water vapour barrier layer defects, which are postulated to be directly responsible for the water vapour ingress. Areal surface texture parameters analysis based on wolf pruning, area pruning and segmentation analysis methods as defined in ISO 25178-2; allow the efficient separation of small insignificant defects from significant defects. The presence of both large and small defects is then correlated with the barrier films functionality as measured on typical sets of Al2O3 ALD films using a standard MOCON® (quantitative gas permeation) test. The investigation results of the initial analysis finishes by drawing conclusions based on the analysis of the water vapour transmission rate (WVTR), defects size, density and distribution, where it is confirmed that small numbers of large defects have more influence on the deterioration of the barrier films functionality than large numbers of small defects. This result was then used to provide the basis for developing a roll-to-roll in process metrology device for quality control of flexible PV barrier films. Furthermore, a theoretical model approach was developed in this thesis based on the water vapour diffusion theory to determine the cut- off level between large significant defects and small insignificant defects. The results of the model would seem to reveal that, in order to build up in process, non-contact optical defect detection system for R2R barrier films, the critical spatial resolution required for defect detection need not be less than 3 μm laterally and 3Sq nm (Sq= root mean square surface roughness deviation of non-defective sample area) per field of view (FOV) vertically. Any defect that has dimensions less than this appears to have a significantly lower effect on the PV barrier properties and functionality. In this study, the surface topography analysis results and the theoretical model approach outcomes, both provide the basis for developing a R2R in process metrology device for PV barrier films defect detection. Eventually, the work in this thesis reports on the deployment of new (novel) in-line interferometric optical sensors based on wavelength scanning interferometry (WSI) designed to measure and catalogue the PV barrier films defects where they are present. The sensors have built-in environmental vibration compensation and are being deployed on a demonstrator system at a R2R production facility in the UK.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Micheli, Leonardo. "Enhancing electrical and heat transfer performance of high-concentrating photovoltaic receivers." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18484.

Full text

Abstract:

In a world that is constantly in need of a continuous, reliable and sustainable energy supply, concentrating photovoltaic technologies have the potential to become a cost effective solution for large scale power generation. In this light, important progresses have been made in terms of cell’s design and efficiency, but the concentrating photovoltaic industry sector still struggles to gain market share and to achieve adequate economic returns. The work presented in this thesis is focused on the development of innovative solutions for high concentrating photovoltaics receivers. The design, the fabrication and the characterization of a large cell assembly for high concentrations are described. The assembly is designed to accommodate 144 multijunction cells and is rated to supply energy up to 2.6kWe at 500 suns. The original outline of the conductive copper layer limits the Joule losses to the 0.7% of the global power output, by reducing the number of interconnections. All the challenges and the issues faced in the manufacturing stage are accounted for and the reliability of the fabrication has been proven by quality tests and experimental investigations conducted on the prototype. An indoor characterization shows the receiver’s potential to supply a short-circuit current of 5.77A and an open circuit voltage per cell of 3.08V at 500×, under standard test conditions, only 4.80% and 2.06% respectively lower than those obtained by a commercial single-cell assembly. An electrical efficiency of 29.4% is expected at 500 suns, under standard conditions. A prototype’s cost of $0.91/Wp, in line with the actual price of CPV systems, has been recorded: a cost breakdown is reported and the way to further reduce the cost have been identified and is accounted. In a second approach, the design of a natural convective micro-finned array to be integrated in a single cell receiver has been successfully attempted. Passive cooling systems are usually cheaper, simpler and considered more reliable than active ones. After a detailed review of micro-cooling solutions, an experimental investigation on the thermal behaviour of micro-fins has been conducted and has been combined with a multiphysics software model. A micro-finned heat sink shows the potential to keep the CPV temperature below 100°C under standard conditions and the ability to handle the heat flux when the cell’s efficiency drops to zero. Moreover, a micro-finned heat sink demonstrates the potential to introduce significant benefits in terms of material usage and weight reduction: compared to those commercially available, a micro-finned heat sink has a power-to-weight ratio between 6 and 8 times higher, which results in lower costs and reduced loads for the CPV tracker.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

OTTOSSON, SIMON. "Case study of Urban Solar Photovoltaic systems Technical and Economical performance in Nordic climates." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302517.

Full text

Abstract:

The thesis is conducted with Vasakronan for their PV sites. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the techno-economical effectiveness of urban stationed solar photovoltaic systems in Nordic environments in terms of inverter and module performance. This is made through a case study to compare solar power optimizers and string inverters performances as well as a comparison of crystalline silicon modules to thin film modules performance. Five PV sites situated in Stockholm and Uppsala are evaluated and modeled using the software System Advisor Model to enable a case study with alterations of system congurations. The inverter congurations were tested for two sites. For one of the sites solar power optimizers are shown to be more benecial, improving the protability index by 5 % compared to using string inverters, while string inverters were the more favourable for one site with a 4 % protability index increase. The variation is highly dependent of the amount of surrounding infrastructure. The module congurations are tested for all five of the sites. The thin film modules provided an increased protability index value of 12 % and 15 % each for two of the sites while the silicon modules provided an increase between 5 % to 7 % for three of the sites. The result shows that thin film modules are more advantageous at certain intervals of tilt- and azimuth angles though less competitive for the typical installation presets.
Uppsatsen utförs med Vasakronan på deras PV siter. Målet med uppsatsen är at utvärdera den techno-ekonomiska effektiviteten för stadsplacerade sol- cellessystem i nordiska klimat i form av prestanda av växelriktar- och modul teknologier. Detta utförs genom en fallstudie för att jämföra prestanda dels mellan solar power optimizers och växelriktare samt mellan kristallina- och tunnfilmsmoduler. Fem solcellssiter anlagda i Stockholm och Uppsala undersöks och modelleras i programmet System Advisor Model för att kunna skapa olika systemkongurationer. Växelriktarkongurationerna jämfördes för två siter. För en av siterna var solar power optimizers det mer fördelaktiga valet, det ökade lönsamhetsindex med 5 % mot att använda växelriktare. Medan det på den andra siten var mer fördelaktigt med växelriktare med en ökning av lönsamhetsindex på 4 %. Variationen var beroende av runtomkringliggande infrastruktur. Modulkongurationerna testas för alla fem siter. Tunnfilmsmodulerna gav på två av siterna en lönsamhetsindexökning på 12 % och 15 % var, medan kristallina moduler gav en lönsamhetsindexökning mellan 5 % och 7 % på tre av siterna. Resultaten visar att tunnfilmsmodulerna är mer fördelaktiga för särskilda intervall av lutnings- och azimutvinklar men mindre fördelaktiga för mer konventionella installationsförutsättningar.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Whitaker, Lesley R. "Feasibility of IT Industry for Large Scale Rooftop Photovoltaic Adoption." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1440499994.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Beccari, Alessandro <1992&gt. "The role of incentives' policies, word of mouth and "0$ marketing budget" in photovoltaic technology diffusion." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9841.

Full text

Abstract:

Considering the increasing importance of green technologies today, I decided to analyze which are the mechanisms that underline their diffusion. In particular I analyzed a widespread green innovation, that is solar power technology. I mainly focused on incentives and word of mouth effect as drivers for the diffusion of this kind of technology. Starting from a global point of view, I focused on Italian photovoltaic market. Moreover I developed a mathematical model able to assess the importance of incentives' policies and peer effect in solar power technology diffusion rate. In the second part of my dissertation I described how word of mouth process has influenced the solar power adoption process and how the peer effect is present nowadays in one of the most innovative companies like Tesla. This company, through the strategy " 0$ marketing budget" is basing its marketing strategy almost entirely on costumers' positive experiences.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Mumba, Joseph. "Forced convection solar maize drier with a directly coupled photovoltaic powered air mover for use in Malawian homesteads." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262041.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Hancox, Ian. "Utilising high work function metal oxides as hole extracting layers for organic photovoltaic cells." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57420/.

Full text

Abstract:

A substantial amount of research has already been undertaken towards creating commercially viable organic photovoltaics (OPVs). This is due to the potential use of OPV cells as an inexpensive source of renewable energy. There are many factors to consider in OPV cell design, including photo-active materials, cell architecture and electrode selection. However, additional interlayers for use between the photo-active materials and the electrodes were identified to be as important and need to be developed to optimise cell performance. The work presented here focuses on the influence of various metal oxide hole extracting layers in different OPV systems. Metal oxides such as molybdenum oxide (MoOx) have shown great promise in polymer cells as a hole extracting layer, and here we investigate their use in small molecule cells. An optimised MoOx layer thickness of 5 nm provides a ~ 60 % increase in overall power conversion efficiency (ηp) for chloroaluminium phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) / fullerene (C60) cells in comparison to those fabricated on bare ITO. A similar improvement of ηp is reported when using the MoOx layer in a boron subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPc) / C60 system. For both high ionisation potential donor materials, the cells containing MoOx achieve a significantly higher open circuit voltage (Voc). Conversely, cells utilising the lower ionisation potential donor materials such as copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and pentacene produce similar Voc values when deposited on both ITO and MoOx. Hence, the ηp is marginally reduced with the MoOx layer. To attain a deeper understanding, the factors behind these performance differences were explored by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, ultra-violet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Thermally evaporated vanadium oxide (V2Ox) was used as an alternative hole extracting layer to MoOx, achieving analogous performance to MoOx when used in SubPc / C60 and CuPc / C60 cells. The electronic properties of the V2Ox layer are investigated using UPS, and it is demonstrated to have substoichiometric n-type character in contrast to the p-type behaviour previously reported. Additionally, the in-situ fabrication and characterisation of organic layers using UPS indicate Fermi level pinning of the organic to the metal oxide. A solution processed vanadium oxide (V2Ox(sol)) layer was developed and characterised as an alternative method of layer fabrication. The atmospheric processing conditions are found to have a dramatic effect on cell performance, and are studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Layers spin-coated under a nitrogen atmosphere exhibit a larger composition of V4+ states. Kelvin probe and UPS experiments indicate the V2Ox(sol) is also a high work function, n-type layer, with the V2Ox(sol) hole extracting layer producing similar cell performance to the thermally evaporated metal oxide layers. Cells deposited on the V2Ox(sol) layer demonstrate good operational stability characteristics, outperforming a commonly used solution processable hole extracting layer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Martin, Katherine C. "The impact of large-scale solar photovoltaic adoption on prices and reliability in the New England power pool." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34523.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 62).
The potential role of renewable energy in producing electricity in industrialized countries has been gaining attention as issues like climate change and high fossil fuel prices more frequently occupy the minds of the public and policymakers. The higher levels of these technologies in power systems that are anticipated, or at least believably envisioned, make inquiries about their likely impacts on power systems relevant. The intermittency of technologies like wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems drives debates about whether larger scale adoption of these technologies will increase the cost of maintaining power system reliability. A more general question is simply whether these technologies will be like conventional capacity in their interaction with the larger power system, both physically and economically. These issues relate to the higher-profile debates about standby charges and if they are warranted. To address these questions, in part, for the New England power pool this study uses detailed historical data in two ways: to analyze the potential impact of large-scale adoption of PV on wholesale power prices and to compare the generation of PV systems in New England to the typical operation of conventional peaking units.
(cont.) This study identifies incentives for owners of incumbent, conventional generators to resist large-scale adoption of PV and how these relate to debates about intermittency. In the short term, the effect of PV on price-spikes would be similar to the installation of more natural gas-fired combustion turbines. In this sense, incentives of owners of base-load generators to resist PV, though real, are not specific to PV. Comparison of PV generation to typical combustion turbine operation, however, suggests that growth of PV could exacerbate problems with ability of combustion turbines and other "peaking" units to cover long-term costs. This comparison shows how PV could increase the costs of maintaining power system reliability in the long-term and why owners of peaking units might resist large-scale PV adoption. It also suggests solutions in the form of considerations for policy design for policies aimed at encouraging the use of PV systems.
by Katherine C. Martin.
S.M.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Clemente, Andres. "Design and modelling of a photovoltaic driven fan solar air heater for drying woodchip in Scotland." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2011. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/4417.

Full text

Abstract:

In the wood fuel supply chain, the water contained in the product determines one aspect of the quality of the wood. It is necessary to reduce the moisture content (MC) of the wood in order to reduce transport and storing costs and also to increase the heating value of the wood. In this thesis a solar thermal application has been developed to dry woodchips using exclusively solar energy. The novel solar woodchip dryer comprises a small woodchip dryer and a solar air thermal system (SATS) to increase the temperature of the drying air. The particularity of this woodchip dryer is that the input air flow is governed by a photovoltaic driven fan. Based on the experimental results obtained, the woodchip dryer and the SATS thermal performance were modelled and a simulation tool for predicting the dried woodchip production during a period of time has been developed. Two small capacity dryers, a thin and a thick layer dryer, have been designed and built to dry woodchip based on the flow capacity of the SATS. The drying performances are studied for both configurations comparing the drying times, drying rates and efficiencies at different test conditions. The drying curves obtained from each test are modelled as a function of key parameters, temperature and velocity employing the Page model equation. Based on the experimental results, a drying model has been successfully developed to predict the MC when the woodchip dryer operates within a range of drying conditions. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the SATS thermal performance has been conducted employing various solar air collector configurations under Scottish weather conditions. The pneumatic characteristics of the solar dryer including the dryer are determining for the analysis of the system performance. Because of the PV driven fan electrical characteristics, the SATS presents a unique operation regime in which air flow depends exclusively on solar radiation. Thus the SATS thermal performance has been successfully modelled as a function of irradiance. The study necessarily includes the effect of environmental factors such as wind and cloudiness in the transient regime. The potential of using a solar woodchip dryer has been assessed based on the results obtained from modelling the dryer and the SATS together. The feasibility and employability of using the solar dryer for drying woodchips is discussed considering the productivity, the energy savings, costs and integration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Barichello, Jessica <1990&gt. "From dye sensitized to perovskite solar cells: processes and materials for the forthcoming era of photovoltaic technology." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15021.

Full text

Abstract:

In the context of the serious environmental issues, that Earth is facing, among which atmospheric CO2 increase is a crucial one, implementation of clean technologies is mandatory. The present PhD thesis concerns the study of two new third-generation PV technologies: Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) and Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs). A typical DSSC is a low cost device of easy fabrication, widely investigated for indoor application, where the dye is used to collect light. In the former study, the research focused on natural dye extraction and the electrolyte optimization in the cell in accordance with a natural pigment. We realized and presented, for the first time in literature, a natural dye-based solar module of 8.7 cm2 with 1 % of power conversion efficiency (PCE), stable for 1000 hours. A PSC is a kind of solar cell that includes a perovskite-structured compound, most commonly a hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide-based material, as the light-harvesting active layer. Unlike DSSC, in PSC the liquid electrolyte has been replaced by a solid-state hole transport material (HTM), and since 2009 the run for boosting the PCE of PSC has started. In the latter study, the research focuses therefore on the optimization of an easy and low-cost PSC structure with a carbon layer replacing the HTM and gold usually used in a conventional high efficiency PSC. Despite all controversial studies on how moisture badly affects perovskite, it has been observed a beneficial water effect on the perovskite growth and formation in a 2-step deposition, which enhances the PCE of 12 % with respect to the non-treated cell.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Krygowski, Thomas Wendell. "A novel simultaneous diffusion technology for low-cost, high-efficiency silicon solar cells." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22973.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Agerberg, Anton, and Catja Carlson. "PHOTOVOLTAIC ELECTRIFICATION IN CAMEROON : - A study for the Renewable Energy Program initiated by Engineers Without Borders SWE." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-244777.

Full text

Abstract:

In Sub-Saharan Africa where the rural electrification rates are below 20%, many are positive about renewable energy sources being the salvation for the electricity problem in the area. Engineers Without Borders Sweden has also recognized this and intends to enable a quicker implementation through the Renewable Energy Program. The programme aims to sustainably increase the spread of renewable energy sources by enhancing the possibilities for local entrepreneurs active in the sector. In the Central-African country Cameroon, found at the Gulf of Guinea, the solar irradiation is intense all year round, making solar power a potential energy source for electricity in the country's rural areas. The work presented in this thesis has had the objective to identify and address the financial and technical challenges of spreading the use of solar energy through photovoltaic solutions in Cameroon, in order to enable a successful implementation of the Renewable Energy Program in the country. To gain local insights, a field study was performed in the rural village of Tatum in north-western Cameroon where the authors began by identifying the stakeholders for the implementation of the Renewable Energy Program. Then we proceeded by conducting interviews and distributing questionnaires. A number of challenges became clear. The most obvious one being that photovoltaic technology is expensive, thus not being affordable for the average rural household. However, the study also showed that within the security of a structured program many households would be willing to make the investment. Furthermore, the study showed that lack of knowledge in the households together with a major lack of local technicians would be additional obstacles. The latter being answered with a belief in a spread organically, through a strong word of mouth culture, the first with the idea of a trainee programme. The ideas are analysed through models and as a conclusion the authors state a belief that despite a number of challenges ahead, the Renewable Energy Program is a strong concept that will succeed with its mission.
I subsahariska Afrika är bristen på elektricitet stor och antalet hushåll med tillgång till el är lägre än 20%. I jakten på en lösning är det många som är positiva till potentialen hos förnybara energikällor. Bland dem finns Ingenjörer utan gränser Sverige, som hoppas på att genom introduceringen av sitt Renewable Energy Program kunna påskynda spridningen av förnybara energikällor på ett hållbart sätt, genom att bland annat öka möjligheterna för lokala entreprenörer som är aktiva inom området. I Kamerun, som ligger i västra Centralafrika, skiner solen intensivt året runt. Användning av solceller som en källa till elektricitet i landets mer avskilda samhällen har stor potential för att kunna bli en hållbar lösning. Syftet med detta arbete har varit att identifiera de tekniska och finansiella utmaningar som kan ligga i vägen för ökad användning av solcellslösningar i Kamerun, i en förhoppning om att underlätta implementeringen av Ingenjörer utan gränsers energiprogram. En fältstudie i det lilla samhället Tatum, beläget i landets nordvästra region, har utförts och författarna har genom intervjuer och enkäter samlat på sig lokala insikter och kunskaper. Utifrån dessa har slutsatser kring ett antal utmaningar kunnat dras. Ett av de mest uppenbara problemen med solcellslösningar är att de i dagsläget är för dyra för invånare i fattiga samhällen. Studien visade dock på att det finns en investeringsvilja hos dem, så länge investeringen sker i tryggheten av ett strukturerat program. I övrigt visade studien på att mängden lokala tekniker inom solcellsindustrin idag är liten. Den visade också på låg kunskap kring solcellslösningar hos den lokala befolkningen. Författarna föreslår att problemet med antalet tekniker skulle kunna besvaras med ett trainee-program. När det gäller kunskapsspridning ser de positivt på en organisk spridning genom vad de upplevde som ett mycket kommunikativt samhälle. I det stora hela sammanfattas studien i en positiv anda med en tro om att Ingenjörer utan gränser kommer lyckas med sitt mål, trots en del hinder på vägen.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Nguyen, Thuyen Huu Manh. "A photovoltaic detector technology based on plasma-induced p-to-n type conversion of long wavelength infrared HgCdTe." University of Western Australia. School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0098.

Full text

Abstract:

[Truncated abstract] HgCdTe is the leading semiconductor material for the fabrication of high performance infrared photon detectors, in particular, for detection of radiation beyond the near infrared. State-of-the-art infrared detection and imaging systems are currently based around high density focal plane arrays consisting of HgCdTe photodiodes as detector elements. Despite the high performance of HgCdTe infrared detectors, and the many benefits they can offer to industry and society, their utilisation remains limited due to the high cost of production. The chemical composition and narrow bandgap of the HgCdTe material used for infrared detection means that the material is inherently very susceptible to defect formation caused by the processing procedures required for device fabrication. Consequently, fabrication of HgCdTe photodiode arrays have traditionally been characterised by low yields and high costs for arrays that meet required operability specifications. In this thesis a new photodiode fabrication technology with the potential to improve device yields over traditional fabrication technologies is presented. This new fabrication technology is distinguished from others by the use of plasma-induced p-to-n type conversion of HgCdTe for junction formation. This allows great simplification of the fabrication process and avoids high temperature processing during and after junction formation, and keeps the junction protected from the atmosphere at all stages of fabrication. The development of the photodiode fabrication technology using plasma-induced junction formation has involved characterising the electrical transport properties of the type-converted layers, fabrication and characterisation of photodiodes, and photodiode dark current modelling

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Chamarande, Théo. "Increasing Photovoltaic penetration rate on isolated grid using storage, overbuilding and curtailment: Case study of the Reunion Island." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264249.

Full text

Abstract:

In the global context of GHG emissions reduction, insular isolated grids which are the most vulnerable systems in terms of fossil fuel dependency have to conduct their energy transition. Conventional units using fossil fuels are well adapted to those systems because they are dispatchable, reliable and flexible, so they can easily respond to grid requirements. Despite that, their large negative environmental impact and their dependence on geopolitical and economical context encourage islands to develop renewables. The Reunion Island wants to achieve a 100% renewable electricity mix by 2030. This ambitious goal can be achieved using the high solar resource’s potential in the region. However, this renewable potential is limited in the electricity mix because of issues related to uncertainty and variability of grid-connected PV systems. To deal with these issues a solution is to combined PV systems with storage systems to guarantee a firm power production. Considering the high costs for storage and the decreasing costs for PV systems, using overbuilding and curtailment could reduce the needs for storage and thus the cost related to it. The goal of this study is to develop an algorithm that will test and size this solution for the entire power production of the Reunion Island. To do so, satellite based data for solar resource (GHI and DNI) with resolutions of 1km² and 15min over the year 2018 were available from the SUNY model. These data were evaluated by a comparison with 13 ground measurements stations for the GHI and two trackers for the DNI in terms of power and energy. It was shown that estimation errors were quite large (relative RMSE between 27.5% and 78.8%) and that stations with the higher altitudes were the one with highest errors. This solar resource was used as well as temperatures and installed PV capacities to model the entire PV production fleet of the island. Different models were tested using a representative PV installation for the entire island and its parameters were adjusted to fit the real PV power production of 2018. The model with the lowest relative RMSE for power comparison uses only efficiency, tilt and orientation angles with installed PV capacities gathered at each 63kV/15kV transformer’s zone to reach a relative RMSE of 14.3%. Using this model, the algorithm was developed to size PV production fleet, PHES and Li-ion batteries capacities for a given desired production profile. Different production profiles were tested to cover from 10% to 100% of the total electricity demand of the Reunion Island in 2030 with different profile’s shapes. For each of these profiles, best configuration was chosen by minimizing the LCOE resulting in a range from 14.8c/kWh to 22.1c/kWh. Order of magnitude for the different system parts were found to range from 0.5 to 5 GW for PV, 2 to 37 GWh for PHES and 3 to 70 MWh for Li-ion batteries. In some cases, curtailed energy could serve to cover the annual consumption of 44 000 hydrogen cars or the half of 2018 water consumption by using desalinization. Profiles to replace fossil fuels power production were tested and a 100% renewable mix could be achieved with 4 GW of PV, 27 GWh of PHES and 50 MWh of Li-ion batteries for a LCOE of 19.8c/kWh. This profile allows dividing by almost ten the estimated GHG emissions related to the electricity production in 2030. The final conclusion of this study is that variability and uncertainty of solar PV production can be overcome by using overbuilding, curtailment and storage to guarantee a firm power production profile, no matter the desired energy penetration rate and this without increasing the cost of electricity compared to the current mix.
Med global kontexten av växthusgasersreduktion måste isolerad elnäter av öar, som är de sårbaraste systemerna för beroende av fossilt bränsler, förätta deras energisövergången. Eftersom konventionnela enheter, som användar sig av fossilt bränsler, är dispatchable, pålitlig och anpassningsbar, är de väl anpassad till de här systemerna. Trotts det, uppmuntrar deras stora negativ miljöseffekterna och deras beroenden av geopolitiska och ekonomiska kontexter öar att utveckla förnybar energi. Reunion Ön vilja uttföra en 100% förnybar elektrisk mix till 2030. För att uttföra det här ambitiöst målet kan den regionspotentialen av solenergi bli exploatera. Den här potentialen är emellertid begränsad i den elektriska mixen på grund av problem relaterad av oregelbundenhet och osäkerhet av nätkopplad solceller (PV) systemer. För att hantera med de här problemen, kan PV system kombineras med lagringssystemer för att garantera en fast kraftsproduktion. Med tänke på stora priser för lagringssystemer och minskanda priser för PV systemer, kan användning av överbyggnad och avkortning reducera behoven för lagringssytermer och kostnader relaterad av dem. Målet av den här studien är att utveckla en algoritm, som ska testa och design den här lösningen för hela krasproduktion av Reunion Ön. För att göra det är solstrålningsdata (GHI och DNI) med en upplösning av 1 km² och 15 min på året 2018 tillgänglig från SUNY modell. De här data utvärderades av jämförelse med 13 marksmåttenheter för GHI och två solspårare för DNI med avseende på kraft och energi. Det visas som beräkningsfelen är stor (relativa RMSE mellan 27.5% och 78.8%) och som marksmåttenheter med högre altituden är med de största felen. Den här solarstrålningen används med temperaturer och installerad PV kapaciteter för att modellera hela PV kraftsproduktion på ön. Olika modeller testades med en representativ PV system för hela ön och dessa parametrar modifierades för att passa den verklig PV kraftsproduktion av 2018. Modellen med den minsta relativ rms-värden för kraftsjämförelse använder sig av bara effektivitet, lutning och orientering vinklar med installerad PV kapaciteter samlade in på vardera 63kV/15kV transformatorsområden för att uttföra en relativ rms-värden av 14.3%. Med den här modellen utvecklas en algoritm som ritas PV produktion system, pumpkraftverkoch Li-ion batteriskapaciteter för en bestämd kraftsproduktion profil. Olika produktionsprofiler med olika profilsformer provas för att täcka 10% till 100% av total efterfrågan efter el för Reunion Ön på 2030 året. För varje profil valdes den layout med minst elprisen resulterar i ett omfång från 14.8 c€/kWh till 22.1 c€/kWh. Storlekar för olika delar av systemen är mellan 0.5 till 5 GW för PV, 2 till 37 GWh för pumpkraftverk och 3 till 70 MWh för Li-ion batteri. I några fall skulle förkorta energi kunna fungera för att täcka årlig åtgång av 44 000 vätgasbilar eller hälften av vattensåtgång på året 2018 med användning av avsaltning. Profilerna, som överensstämmar med fossilt bränsler kraftsproduktion, provas och en 100% förnybar elektrisk mix kan bli utföras med 4GW av PV, 27 GWh av pumpkraftverk och 50 MWh av Li-ion batteri med en elpris av 19.8 c€/kWh. Den här profilen minskas uppskattad växthusgaser relaterad av elproduktion på året 2030 med nittio procent. Studiens slutsats är som oregelbundenhet och osäkerhet av PV elproduktion kan bli lösas med användning av lagring, överbyggnad och avkortning för att garantera en fast kraftsproduktionsprofil, oberoende av önskade årlig energi och det utan att öka elprisen jämfört med nuvarande elmix.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Dereviankin, Vitalii Alekseevich. "Development of a Liquid Contacting Method for Investigating Photovoltaic Properties of PbS Quantum Dot Solids." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4240.

Full text

Abstract:

Photovoltaic (PV) devices based on PbS quantum dot (QD) solids demonstrate high photon-to-electron conversion yields. However, record power conversion efficiencies remain limited mainly due to bulk and interfacial defects in the light absorbing material (QD solids). Interfacial defects can be formed when a semiconductor, such as QD solid, is contacted by another material and may predetermine the semiconductor/metal or semiconductor/metal-oxide junction properties. The objective of the work described in this dissertation was set to explore whether electrochemical contacting using liquid electrolytes can provide sufficient means of contacting the QD solids to investigate their PV performance without introducing the unwanted interfacial defects. I have initially focused on optimizing processing conditions for efficient QD solids deposition and studied their photovoltaic properties in a standardized solid-state, depleted heterojunction solar cell configuration. Further, a liquid contacting method was developed to study the relationship between photovoltages of QD solids and the energetics (e.g. reduction potentials) of the liquid contacting media. This electrochemical contacting of PbS QD solids was achieved by using anhydrous liquid electrolytes containing fast, non-coordinating, outer-sphere redox couples. Depending on the energetics of a redox couple, both rectifying and non-rectifying (Ohmic) PbS QD solid/electrolyte junctions were successfully formed with both p- and n-type QD solids. Furthermore, application of the liquid solution contacting method in studies of the PbS QD solids has unprecedentedly demonstrated that an ideal behavior of the photovoltage changes with respect to the changes in the energetics of the contacting media can be achieved. This fact supports the initially proposed hypothesis that such liquid contacting method will not introduce surface defects to the studied QD materials, allowing for their intrinsic properties to be better understood. The applicability of this method to both p- and n- type QD solids was demonstrated. Finally, a better understanding of the relationships between the surface and ligand chemistries of both p- and n-type QD solids and their photovoltaic properties was possible via applications of such method in conjunction with XPS and UPS studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Hasan, Md Rejaul. "Feasibility study to design a Biogas-Photovoltaic hybrid system for electricity generation in vicinity to urban areas in Bangladesh." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-40060.

Full text

Abstract:

The world´s future energy generation needs to be sustainable without negative impact on people´s health or on our nature. Within present trends to develop energy scenarios with diminishing use of fossil fuels, nuclear power etc. it seems difficult to meet an increasing need for energy. Incorporation of renewable energy sources within the energy sector could mitigate future energy crises in a sustainable way. Bangladesh is a south Asian developing country with great prospects of renewable energy resources. Severe energy crisis such as shortage on electricity generation over the decades is one of the major problems in the country. This problem could be reduced by introducing renewable energy resources at a large-scale within the power sector. Renewable energy sources are increasingly used due to its availability and it has little negative impact on the environment. Solar energy and biomass are great and valuable resources in the green energy field. In this thesis, a feasibility study of a hybrid renewable energy system, HRES, including biogas fueled internal combustion engines, driving an electrical generator and solar PV in vicinity to urban areas in Bangladesh was analyzed using HOMER software. The HRES system was designed for electricity generation in a community near Dhaka city in the Gazipur district where great resources of solar and biomass are available. In the proposed hybrid system, a 40-kW biogas electric generator is integrated with 80 kW of PV panels and the analysis shows an energy price of €0.1435/kWh.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Whiteker, James S., Steven A. Sablan, Jason A. Hamilton, James S. Whiteker, Steven A. Sablan, and Jason A. Hamilton. "Logistical impact study of photovoltaic power converter technology to the United States Army and the United States Marine Corps." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9917.

Full text

Abstract:

MBA Professional Report
Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited
MBA Professional Report
Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited
The purpose of this MBA Project was to analyze the logistical and fiscal impact of replacing selected disposable batteries with rechargeable batteries and photovoltaic power converter chargers within Army and Marine Corps infantry battalions. This project was conducted with the sponsorship and assistance XVIII Airborne Corps, Marine Corps Systems Command, Fleet Numerical, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The goal of this project was to identify how this new technology could be incorporated into current combat gear and what impact such an incorporation of the technology would have in decreasing the infantryman's combat load, reducing expenditures on batteries, and relieving the overall logistical burden for the subject services.
The purpose of this MBA Project was to analyze the logistical and fiscal impact of replacing selected disposable batteries with rechargeable batteries and photovoltaic power converter chargers within Army and Marine Corps infantry battalions. This project was conducted with the sponsorship and assistance XVIII Airborne Corps, Marine Corps Systems Command, Fleet Numerical, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The goal of this project was to identify how this new technology could be incorporated into current combat gear and what impact such an incorporation of the technology would have in decreasing the infantryman's combat load, reducing expenditures on batteries, and relieving the overall logistical burden for the subject services.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Yu, Hyun Jin Julie. "Public policies for the development of solar photovoltaic energy and the impacts on dynamics of technology systems and markets." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED011/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Le marché des systèmes photovoltaïques a connu une forte croissance cette dernière décennie soutenue par des actions politiques favorables dans un contexte de transition énergétique. Pourtant, malgré ces conditions bénéfiques, le marché mondial du PV a paradoxalement traversé une période chaotique rencontrant des problèmes de surproduction, une crise industrielle et des différends commerciaux durable entre pays. Cette thèse part de ces problématiques et tente de comprendre les politiques publiques PV et les impacts sur la dynamique des technologies et des marchés. Afin de préciser ces questions, une approche systémique est utilisée pour fournir une compréhension correcte des mécanismes généraux des politiques publiques PV. Une vue d’ensemble systémique concrète de ces mécanismes est construite sur la base d’analyses théoriques et historiques en définissant les variables clés et le contexte. Une analyse rétrospective utilisant des mappings construits pour l’occasion est conduite afin de cerner les limites et défis critiques du secteur PV ainsi que les facteurs de risque. Cette thèse montre également la façon dont la nature du contexte politique change en liaison avec la dynamique du secteur PV. La thèse met en évidence que la dynamique nationale a été brisée par l’entrée de la Chine sur le secteur PV. La thèse propose au final des orientations stratégiques pour le développement du PV selon deux dimensions, nationale et internationale. Au niveau national, la thèse s’intéresse à l’autoconsommation PV en tant que manière naturelle d’utiliser l’énergie PV dans le système électrique. Cette analyse implique un changement de nature des politiques PV dans le futur. Pour terminer, afin de résoudre la crise industrielle actuelle, la thèse présente des possibilités d’actions internationales en collaboration pour créer une nouvelle demande PV dans le contexte international en recherchant des bénéfices économiques et environnementaux au niveau mondial
Solar PV systems have experienced strong market growth over the last decade supported by favorable political reactions in the energy transition context. However, despite these favorable conditions, paradoxically, the global PV market recently went through a chaotic time encountering the overproduction issue, the industry crisis and the long-lasting trade disputes. This thesis started from these problematics to understand the PV public policies and the impacts on dynamics of technology systems and markets. In order to define those issues, a systemic approach is taken to provide an accurate comprehension of the overall mechanisms of PV public policies. The concrete systemic vision of PV policy mechanisms is constructed based on theoretical and historical analysis by defining key variables and the context. A retrospective analysis using the proposed mapping tools is conducted to understand critical limits and challenges of PV development and to identify risks factors in the sector. This thesis also demonstrates how the nature of policy context changes in combined with the dynamic feature of the PV sector. Our analysis highlights the nationwide PV policy dynamics was broken with the arrival of China in the PV sector. This thesis eventually proposes strategic orientations of PV development at the two dimensions from both national and international perspectives. At the national level, this thesis discusses on PV self-consumption as the natural way of PV power use in the electricity system. This analysis implies a change in the nature of PV policies in the future. Next, as a response to the current global industry crisis, the thesis proposes opportunities of international collaborative actions to create new PV demand in the international context in pursuit of global economic and environmental benefits

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Campillo, Javier, and Stephen Foster. "Global Solar Photovoltaic Industry Analysis with Focus on the Chinese Market." Thesis, Mälardalen University, Mälardalen University, Mälardalen University, Department of Public Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-4489.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Pollos, Enrique Encinas, and 殷瑞. "Efficiency Boosting Approaches for Photovoltaic Technology." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69081002143572790903.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
97
In the present document, three different initiatives taken on behalf of efficiency improvement of wafer based solar cells are presented. First, MIS Solar cells are theoretically analyzed and the outcome is verified by means of TCAD simulation software. Al/SiO2/ptype Si and ITO/SiO2/nType Si devices are constructed and tested obtaining negative results that discard the utilization of transparent conductive oxides as promising contact materials for MIS solar cells. The influence of front surface recombination on solar cell behavior is examined and an improvement methodology for this parameter by means of PIII technology is derived. PIII acts as a passivation method that tends to decrease the surface defects and hence decreases the surface recombination velocity. Experimental results reflect an efficiency increase of 16%. Finally the impact of mechanically induced strain on solar cells is studied and modeled by software means. Results reveal a reduction in the semiconductor bandgap and a modification of the carrier mobilities that are translated into a 1.5% efficiency augmentation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

蔡麗敏. "Technology Forecast and Market Trend of Photovoltaic Industry." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17428682071714582801.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

ZHUANG, QI-HE, and 莊啟和. "The Study of Technology Acceptance Model on Solar Photovoltaic." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82691625904651850780.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
佛光大學
管理學系
104
Global warming day by day. In order to solve the oil and coal depleting problem, we have to promote solar photovoltaic subsidy policy. At the same time we also encourage the market demand of solar photovoltaic. This study investigated the acceptance of the solar photovoltaic under the solar photovoltaic subsidies? Not too many studies use the technology acceptance model to explore the use intention of solar photovoltaic. This study suggests that technology acceptance model may be the most consistent with the theoretical basis of this study. This study uses questionnaire to measure the research problem. According to the modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM2), this study combines the green energy multi criteria decision and the construct of subjective norm, image, job relevance, output quality, result demonstration, perceived useful, perceived easy to use, attitude and adoption intention. We want to understand public attitudes towards solar photovoltaic systems, and the adoption intention as the reference for solar photovoltaic industry promotion. After empirical analysis, this study found that subjective norm and image do not have a significant impact on the perceived useful. However, the construct of job relevance, output quality, result demonstration have a significant impact on perceived useful. ‘Perceived easy to use’ has a significant impact on perceived useful. Perceived useful has a significant impact on attitude; Perceived useful has a significant impact on attitude; ‘Perceived easy to use’ has a significant impact on attitude; Finally, Attitude has a significant impact on photovoltaic adoption intention.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

蔡政育. "A Technology Selection Model for Taiwan’s Photovoltaic Silicon Industry." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53936383492869861652.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立交通大學
管理學院科技管理學程
100
The global Photovoltaic industry at present take the multi-crystal silicon as a mainstream, but the multi-crystal silicon industry is the PV middle and upstream reaches, not only this industry decides PV the highest conversion efficiency, also decides to about 40% to 50% of the cost of solar cells. The conversion efficiency and the cost had decided this industrial profit margin; in facing competition pressure between China, America and under South Koreas, the Taiwan is facing the new technology to enhance the conversion efficiency or scale to reduce the cost of choice. Poly-silicon to determine the industry of about 60~70% of the cost; therefore, the raw material cost proportion occupies the overall multi-crystal silicon industry to be heaviest. From the perspective of the conversion efficiency, conversion efficiency of PV its roots to the silicon from inferred and has not been the highest conversion efficiency of PV process, but after a battery factory, modular plant and plant process conversion efficiency will be gradually reduced. So far, the producing capacity of Taiwan’s Photovoltaic industry is the world second. Under the circumstances of materials’ overseas import and own shortage of domestic demand and the industrial economical scale, Taiwan’s multi-crystal silicon output value unceasing atrophy, the prospective industrial technology will turn into an important selection subject. This research discovers the important factor of entrepreneur technological development by using the expert interview method and the correlation literature discussion, which use unifies DANP and VIKOR in view of the mono-crystal, multi-crystal and mono-like, three kinds of silicon crystal growth technology to develop factor analysis, and further assists the entrepreneur a new technological selection reference. Keywords： Multi-crystal, Mono-crystal, Mono-like, Photovoltaic, Selection Model

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Lu, Chi-Wei, and 呂啟維. "Study On The Participation Solar Cell Concentrated Photovoltaic Technology." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y8pams.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
和春技術學院
電機工程研究所
107
The power generation benefit for the two-axis chasing concentrated solar power generation equipment shows that the amount of the power generation operated in four hours every day can reach 12 days power generation in a month. By using the two-axis chasing system, the vertical projection of the sunlight is incident on the receiving panel. At the same time, the receiving magnification of the concentrated solar power generation equipment is about one-third more than the fixed and uniaxial solar power generation. The fluctuations of the current and voltage generated by the system are not obvious for annual seasonal data. There is a large increase for the current and voltage in the noon period. The power generated by the solar power generation system with Fresnel lens is twice more than that with the general lens. Although the area will be different for sunlight reception due to the exclusion area from the point of view of the magnification, it shows that the receiving efficiency is the highest when the Fresnel lens is about 15 to 20 cm away from the solar panel. When the lens angle is 30~45 degrees, the sunshine quantity and power generation efficiency are the highest. For the power generation equipment needs to concentrate the light on the focus of the lens to maximize the power generation efficiency, and the temperature rise caused by the sunlight concentrating, this two-axis chasing solar power generation equipment with Fresnel lens is suitable for application in factories, shopping malls, and buildings, not applicable for general residence. Keyword：Fresnel, Solar panels, Photovoltaic Technology

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Smith, John-Calvin, and 史中翰. "Third Generation Photovoltaic Technology and Industrial Developemnt: A Scenario Analysis." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86331988041468671525.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立臺灣大學
國際企業學研究所
97
With the recent trends of tremendous energy demand growth, viable alternative renewable energy sources have received great interest. Unprecedented demand in the photovoltaic (PV) market resulted in shortages of key inputs. This led to above equilibrium prices and profit, which in turn stimulated further investment. Current economic conditions have changed the competitive landscape to one of que stionable further demand and profits, firms that produce first generation PV are likely to suffer the most. Unlike the early 1980’s when energy prices declined, PV development may have reached a sustainable level even without shortages of fossil fuels. The industry was until most recently in a period of high investment, resulting in much innovation. Due to technological advances and supply chain innovation, third generation PV should be both more efficient than current technology as well as competitive with conventional fossil fuels. Silicon Valley startups (or any other firms that have viable third generation technologies), will be able to use Asian ODM/EMS firms to move very quickly into this market without the significant cost of building capitally intensive capacity. Thus, small startups with limited capital can potentially create a paradigm shift in the energy industry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Serra, Pedro Henrique Cardeal. "Short-Term Forecasting of Photovoltaic Power Plants." Dissertação, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/84962.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ke, Hsin-Ming, and 柯信名. "An Analysis of Technology, Market and Government Policy on Photovoltaic Industry." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89735397160366829731.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立交通大學
管理學院碩士在職專班科技管理組
98
Recently, the growing problem of global warming caused by burning of fossil fuel emissions of greenhouse gases since industrial revolution is already causing severe climate change issues. Just a few hundred years of industrial development, energy accumulated thousands of years will be soon consumed. As energy issues become more critical, many firms shift their attentions to the energy industry, including photovoltaic industry and it has become an important emerging industry. Those firms with considerable business scale from non-energy sector already put in investment to photovoltaic industry. Knowing how to use its existing resources and strengths and competitive strategy to quickly cut into the energy industry will be the key to success. The analysis focuses on the development of photovoltaic industry and technology trends, analysis of the photovoltaic industry, business model of system integrator, government policies and market analysis. By an in-depth study on PV professional magazines, research and investigation reports, relevant papers and then summarize and conclude the current PV industry technology, market development and government policy. The conclusions of the analysis: (1) PV industry short-term technological trends will continually focus on silicon-based solar cell technology. (2) Low efficiency and high equipment investment cost are current bottleneck for developing GICS and silicon base thin film solar cell technology. (3)The influence power to the Photovoltaic industry from Asia will replace the European countries and get the leading place to further industry development and competition. (4) PV system market is highly related to government policies. System integrator should form an alliance with regional partners to keep abreast of local government policies and market demand. (5) To combine with financial institutions and to develop diversified business model has become the trends for developing PV projects. (6) As increasing industrial scale, industrial development shifted from the vertical integration strategy to specialization and consolidation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

CHAO-YU, CHAN, and 詹肇裕. "The Evaluation and Strategy of Photovoltaic Technology Applied in Building Design." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90612609303276270186.

Full text

Abstract:

博士
國立臺灣科技大學
建築系
93
ABSTRACT Photovoltaic (PV) is a clean and renewable energy. The research and application of PV are gradually paid attention in Taiwan. Irradiation and performance of PV system are important to PV benefit. Different estimative models of irradiation had been proposed by investigators. Some of the models are complicated in calculation with locality, and the strategy of PV application affects the performance of system. The purpose of the research is to build a simplify method, by means of the equations of slope irradiation ratios, for easily evaluating the PV power transformed by modules on building envelope. Developing an evaluation model of strategy for PV application on building can find the applicable space and equipment and suitable use type. Simultaneously, the local irradiation and PV operation can be recorded. Firstly, an estimative equation of annual slope irradiation ratio and an estimative equation of monthly south slope irradiation ratio were built by analyzing the theories of slope irradiation and a set of previous irradiation data which has not yet been verified. The estimative equations were validated by measure and were compared with previous LIN-estimative model. Secondly, the equations of slope irradiation ratio were used to estimate PV power in building, and the estimation was verified by experiment. Thirdly, an evaluative model of strategy for PV appliction in buildings was formed by analyzing the process of PV planning. Taking the campus buildings for instance, the factors analysis and criteria were adopted for finding the applicable space and equipment and suitable use type for PV. Finally, the evaluative model was validated by experiment and the suitable type of PV was proposed. The results of validation of the estimated equation were presented by correlation analysis between estimate values and measure values. The R2 are 0.993 and 0.9648 respectively with good results. The validation results show that the estimation of PV power has less accurate than the estimation of slope irradiation ratio. The equations and estimation can be a reference for evaluating PV application in building. The results of evaluative model of strategy for PV application show that the applicable spaces are inadequate daylight and the applicable equipments are low consumption for PV application. The evaluative model of PV applicability was performed in building of NTUST campus to find the suitable PV power consumer. A PV interior lighting integrated with grid lighting system were achieved and proposed as suitable use type of BiPV. The evaluative model of PV applicability and the suitable use type can be a strategy of BIPV technology applied in building design. Keywords: Photovoltaic (PV), building integrated with PV (BIPV), slope irradiation, evaluation, design strategy

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Serra, Pedro Henrique Cardeal. "Short-Term Forecasting of Photovoltaic Power Plants." Master's thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/84962.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

(11142147), Zachary Craig Schreiber. "Investigation of Transparent Photovoltaic Vehicle Integration." Thesis, 2021.

Find full text

Abstract:

The pursuit to combat climate change continues, identifying new methods and technologies for sustainable energy management. Automakers continue developing battery electric vehicles while researchers identify new applications and materials for solar photovoltaics. The continued advancement of technology creates new holes within literature, requiring investigation to understand the unknown. Photovoltaic vehicle integration gained popularity during the 1970s but did not commercialize due to technology, economics, and other factors. By 2021 the idea resurfaced, showcasing commercial and concept vehicles utilizing photovoltaics. The emergence of new transparent photovoltaics presents additional options for vehicle integration but lacks literature analyzing the energy output and economics. The theoretical analysis investigated transparent photovoltaic replacing a vehicle’s windows. The investigation found that transparent photovoltaic vehicle integration generates energy and financial savings. However, due to high system costs and location, the system does not provide a financial payback period like other photovoltaic arrays. Improving cost, location, and other financial parameters create more favorable circumstances for the photovoltaic system. Furthermore, transparent photovoltaics provide energy saving benefits and some return on investment compared to regular glass windows.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Chieh-Kai, Wang, and 王玠凱. "Using the patent method in cooperation strategies for cross-strait photovoltaic technology." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54893697131848581461.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
逢甲大學
科技管理研究所
102
Because of depletion of oil reserves, renewable energy technologies have become critical. Of all the renewable energy sources, solar energy is known to be inexhaustible and although it cannot significant replace oil, it could mitigate oil depletion. Solar cells play an important role in solar energy applications. Taiwan and China are the prominent manufacturers of solar cells worldwide. In line with worldwide economic trends, Taiwan is expected to upgrade its solar cell industry and collaborate with China in this filed. Any trade-off in cooperation strategies between the cross-strait neighbors depends on the respective technology strengths of the two countries. Hence, this study uses the patent method to compare the strengths of cross-strait solar cell technology; the results of such a comparison would serve as the basis for sound cooperation strategies. This study shows that Taiwan can use a strategy of alliances and joint ventures with China in the field of solar cell manufacturing technology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Photovoltaic Technology'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles