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Dahlberg, Lina. "Mener les enquêtes ne sont neuf à femjobb : La traduction des phrases nominales suédoises en français par l'outil informatique Google Translate." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90610.
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Schneider, Antje. "Composition nominale comparée du français et de l'allemand." Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA131005.
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Le but de cette these est une comparaison de la composition nominale du francais et de l'allemand. Dans la premiere partie sont decrites les unites nominales traditionnellement considerees comme "noms composes" en francais et comme "nominalkomposita" en allemand. Leurs roles dans le cadre d'une phrase, leur forme composee et leur statut en tant qu'unites d'une langue sont etudies. L'etude se poursuit par une analyse de la relation entre les elements composants dans des ensembles nominaux composes. Le troisieme chapitre porte sur les procedes de formation d'ensembles nominaux composes. Il comporte une reflexion sur l'aspect productif de ces procedes en comparaison avec une analyse d'ensembles lexicalises. Le dernier chapitre est consacre a une etude d'ensembles nominaux composes allemands. Il analyse l'impact des particularites formelles d'ensembles graphiquement continus et souligne la difference entre ensembles nominaux soudes et suites nominales non-soudees comportant les memes elements. Ce que nous entendons par ensemble nominal compose est defini dans ce travail.
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Puig, Waldmüller Estela Sophie. "Contracted Preposition-Determiner Forms in German: Semantics and Pragmatics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7589.
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En el trabajo la semántica y pragmática de formas contraídas y no-contraídas en Alemán serán discutidas. Formas contraídas son preposiciones con sufijos flexionales, obligatorias en contextos en las que el contenido descriptivo del sintagma nominal es cierto de un individual o evento (expresiones que excluyen alternativas, referentes deducibles, Situative Unika, infinitivos nominalizados, referentes no específicos). Muchos autores consideran que las formas tienen artículos definidos que fusionan con una preposición. En contrario, propongo un análisis en términos de incorporación semántica en que una preposición tiene rasgos de caso, número y género. Interpretaciones únicas provienen del número singular y del contexto. Interpretaciones no específicas provienen de la semántica y el hecho de que el argumento nominal tiene menos rango que el argumento eventivo.The semantics and pragmatics of contracted and non-contracted forms found in German will be discussed. Contracted form are prepositions with inflectional endings, and obligatory in contexts in which the descriptive content of the noun fits only one individual or event ("alternative-excluding" expressions, inferable referents, Situative Unika, nominalized infinitives, non-specific referents). Most accounts assume that contracted forms have underlying definite articles which have amalgamated with a preposition. In contrast, I propose to analyse these forms as semantically incorporating prepositions, which are inflected for (singular) number, gender, and case, and combine with noun phrases. Uniqueness effects are derived from singular number and from contextual entailments. Non-specific readings can directly be accounted for since the semantics predicts narrow scope of the nominal argument with respect to the event argument.
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Fraurud, Kari. "Processing noun phrases in natural discourse /." Stockholm : Stockholm university Department of linguistics, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376842298.
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Azpiazu, Torres Susana. "Las estrategías de nominalización : estudio contrastivo del estilo nominal /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40015898n.
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Lefeuvre, Florence. "La phrase averbale en français." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030117.
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La phrase averbale est une phrase qui comporte un predicat averbal, c'est-a-dire, nominal (substantival, adjectival), pronominal, adverbial ou prepositionnel, passionnant, ce livre! heureux les pauvres! dans notre premiere partie, nous avons evoque les problemes theoriques que peut poser la phrase averbale. Nous avons essaye de comprendre ce qui constitue l'assertion averbale et comment celle-ci se constitue. Nous avons mis en evidence deux types fondamentaux de phrases averbales. Dans l'un, le sujet et le predicat averbal sont relies par la modalite : le sujet est alors explicite ou implicite. Dans l'autre, le predicat averbal est pose par la modalite : le sujet est inexistant. Nous nous sommes demande s'il n'y avait pas un continuum entre ces deux types de phrases. Dans la phrase averbale, les modalites (assertion, exclamation, interrogation, injonction) peuvent se decliner en toutes sortes d'actes de langage. La phrase averbale peut etre concernee par les categories de la personne, du temps, de l'aspect et de la voix, meme si le predicat averbal reste peu touche. Selon nous, la phrase averbale ne doit pas s'analyser systematiquement par rapport a la phrase avec etre : elle appartient a un ensemble plus vaste, celui des phrases statives. Dans la deuxieme partie, nous avons propose une etude detaillee des phrases averbales a deux termes, tout d'abord des phrases nominales (pronominales) attributives et ensuite des phrases prepositionnelles et adverbiales locatives. Dans la troisieme partie, nous avons analyse les phrases averbales a un terme, en commencant par les phrases nominales (pronominales), prepositionnelles, adverbiales a sujet implicite et en continuant avec les phrases substantivales (pronominales) sans sujet. Dans ces deux parties, nous avons envisage les caracteristiques de ces phrases averbales (constitution de la phrase averbale, analyse du sujet, du predicat et rapport entre les phrases verbales statives et les phrases averbales)Verbless sentences are sentences including a verless predicate e. G. Nominal (substantival, adjectival), pronominal, adverbial or prepositional, quite exciting, that book! in the first part of this writing, we have aroused theorical problems which can occur in a verbless sentence. We have tried to understand what can constitue a verbless assertion and how a verbless assertion is made up. We have tried to show off two main types of verbless sentences. Ii the first one, the subject and the verbless predicate are connected by the modality itself : then the subject is explicit or implicit. In the second one, the verbless predicate exists thanks to the modality without any subject. We have elicited the question whether a continuum could exist between those two types of sentences. In a verbless sentence, the different modalities (assertion, exclamation, question, command) can be displayed in a great variety of speech acts. A verbless sentence can be concerned with the different categories of person, time, aspect, voice even if the verbless predicate proves very little touched. According to us, a verbless sentence mustn't be systematically analysed with a reference to a sentence containing the verb to be : it belongs to a larger unit, the stative sentences. In our second part, we propose a detailed study about verbless sentences with two terms : first, attributive nominal (pronominal) sentences and after locative, prepositional, adverbial sentences. In a third part, we will analyse verless sentences with a single term beginning with nominal (pronominal), prepositional, adverbial sentences with an implicit subject, and after substantival (pronominal) sentences without any subject. In these two divisions, we consider the characteristics of these verbless sentences (structures of verbless sentences, analysis of the subject, of the different predicates and the link between verbal stative sentences and verbless sentences)
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Agnel, Éva. "Théorie de la phrase nominale et de la phrase à verbe VAN "être" en hongrois." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX10055.
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Apres avoir essaye de distinguer au point de vue theorique le verbe et le nom, ce travail etudie la phrase nominale et la phrase a verbe "etre" en hongrois, deux types de phrase que les diachroniciens des langues ouraliennes aussi bien que les synchroniciens du hongrois examinent en les comparant l'un a l'autre: la phrase nominale est en effet concue soit comme une phrase depourvue de tout verbe soit comme une phrase dont le verbe "etre" ou copule est omis.
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Schroeder, Christoph. "The Turkish nominal phrase in spoken discourse /." Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38970088q.
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Frugård, Ingrid. "Norwegian L1 Speakers' Knowledge and Evaluation of English Nominal Phrases." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for språk og litteratur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-24274.
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The aim of this master thesis is to investigate the role of transfer in Norwegians’ use and evaluation of English nominal phrases. Twelve 16-year old Norwegian high school students and twelve Norwegian master-students perform an acceptability judgment test, evaluating 72 English sentences where 36 of them aim at investigating possible transfer elements of the different nominal systems. Most ratings seem to be within expectations and only certain elements seem to suggest any influence by negative transfer. The results show that proficiency does matter in the evaluation of the sentences and the master students show less trace of negative transfer than the high school students. The result also indicates that other factors influenced the ratings. These factors include the lexical and syntactical level of the sentences, and the naturalness or abnormality of the content of the sentences.
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Liang, Yu-Chang. "Nominal phrases in English and Japanese speakers' L2 Mandarin grammars." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265481.
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This thesis aims to examine the extent to which native languages (Ll) influence interlanguage development and whether there exis,ts a direct link between the suppliance of appropriate morphemes and the presence of their syntactic properties in interlanguage grammars. To answer these questions, this thesis investigates adult second language (L2) acquisition of Mandarin nominal phrases by Japanese and English learners. Four nominal prope1iies shared by Mandarin and Japanese are the classifier projection (ClP), the incompatibility of . \ . the numeral-classifier phrase with the plural marker, adjectival possessives and the co-occurrence of determinative elements, all of which differentiate these two languages from English. T.h is study involves 80 Japanese learners and 80 . English learners (placed at four proficiency levels) and 20 Mandarin native speakers as controls. Two data-collecting tasks are employed in this study: an acceptability judgment task for the four Mandarin nominal prope1iies and a � fill-in-the-blank task for. the semantic selection of Mandarin classifiers. Our results from the acceptability judgment task suggest that Ll transfer is not absolute in L2 Mandarin. More specifically, Japanese learners only transfer adjectival possessives, but not ClP and the co-occurrence of determinative elements, to their initial L2 Mandarin. This absence of Ll transfer of ClP and the co-occurrence of determinative . elements is likely to be due to the markedness in terms of the implicational universal. Intriguingly, it is found that ClP and its associated syntactic specifications are gradually developed in English and Japanese learners' L2 Mandarin. Initially, English and Japanese measure words are incorrectly used to accommodate classifiers, and then ClP is projected without any syntactic specifications. Subsequently, the syntactic specifications of ClP are gradually specified. However, the incompatibility of the numeral-classifier phrase with the plural marker is still underspecified in English and Japanese learners' advanced L2 Mandarin. Remarkably, our results from the fill-in-the-blank task demonstrate that English and Japanese learners' failure to use semantically appropriate Mandarin classifiers does not hinder the presence of ClP and its syntactic specifications in their L2 Mandarin, which suggests that there is no direct linl( between these two. Moreover, the rarity of the positive evidence is argued to play a crucial role in English and Japanese L2ers' acquisition of the co-occurrence of determinative elements, which highlights the importance of input frequency in L2 acquisition. It is also believed to be responsible for a discrepa~cy observed in English learners' acquisition of two adjectival possessive constructions in Mandarin. This dissertation is my own work and contains nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration with others, except specified in the text and Acknowledgements. The dissertation does not exceed the regulation length, including footnotes, references and appendices but excluding the bibliography.
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Charrier-Gouesse, Marie-Josèphe. "Contribution à l'étude du prédicat la phrase nominale en hongrois /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376038380.
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Charrier-Gouesse, Marie-Josèphe. "Contribution a l'etude du predicat : la phrase nominale en hongrois." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070032.
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Le titre de ce travail met en relation deux points qui sont lies : predicat et phrase. L'etude de la phrase nominale dans le cadre de la linguistique generale fait appel a des exemples empruntes aux langues indo-europeennes. C'est la reference a ce domaine qui introduit le verbe "etre". Le hongrois est replace dans le cadre des langues finno-ougriennes. En hongrois, la phrase nominale se realise dans les phrases dites d'attribution et dans celles d'identification. La description de la phrase nominale est presentee a partir de plusieurs types de textes : manuels pour hungarophones ou pour non-hungarophones, travaux s'inscrivant dans une approche contrastive, descriptions specifiques de la phrase nominale hongroise. La deuxieme partie analyse de facon systematique les constituants d'une telle phrase en partant de trois definitions qui la caracterisent comme "une phrase sans verbe ni copule", une phrase qui "comporte un predicat nominal", une phrase qui est obtenue par la"simple juxtaposition de deux termes nominaux". La troisieme partie traite du predicat de la phrase nominale : sa composition, son articulation a la relation predicative. L'analyse des phrases d'identification fait apparaitre les limites de l'analyse syntaxique et la necessite du recours a l'analyse en theme-rheme. C'est du degre de determination des deux constituants de la phrase nominale que dependra la valeur de cette phrase : attribution, identificationThe title of this research links two points : predicate and sentence. In a framework of general linguistics, the study of the nominal sentence often makes use of exemples borrowed from the indo-european languages. Through these languages is thus introduced 'to be'. Hungarian is replaced in the field of finno-ugric languages. In hungarian, the nominal sentence expresses attributive and identity values. The description of the nominal sentence is settled from different points : books for hungarian and non-hungarian native speakers , researches in the field of contrastive study, specific descriptions of the hungarian nominal sentence. The second part thoroughly investigates constituents of such a sentence. This is examined from three definitions : the nominal sentence has neither verb nor copula, the nominal sentence has a nominal predicate, the nominal sentence is obtained by placing side by side two nominal constituents. The third part studies the predicate of the nominal sentence : its composition, the way it connects with the predicative relation. The analysis of the equative sentences sets bounds to the syntactic analysis and leads to the topic-comment analysis. According to the definiteness of the constituents in a nominal sentence one gets the value either attributive or identity
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Lin, Yi-An. "The Sinitic nominal phrase structure : a minimalist perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270316.
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This dissertation is a comparative study of the morphosyntax of the constituents referred to as noun phrases in traditional grammar. In line with Abney’s (1987) Determiner Phrase (DP) Hypothesis, this study investigates the syntactic structures of Sinitic nominal phrases by means of a thorough study of lexical elements, such as numerals, classifiers, possessives, adjectives, and nouns, and functional elements, such as plural/collective markers, force particles, and modification markers. It is argued that the syntactic structure of the nominal phrase is universal regardless of the presence of lexical items which realise the heads of the functional projections. This study further proposes a unified account of the articulated structure of nominal phrases, as a full-fledged DP, to explain the syntactic phenomena in both classifier and non-classifier languages. More specifically, a Probe-Goal feature-valuing model is proposed to account for parametric variation among Sinitic and other languages within the framework of Chomsky’s (2000, 2001, 2004) Phase-based Minimalist Programme. Furthermore, given the assumption of the Split-DP Hypothesis, this study proposes that the DP in Sinitic languages is also not a unitary projection but an articulated array of functional projections, including DforceP, DfocusP, DtopicP and DdefiniteP. As their counterparts in the clausal domain, these functional projections encode discourse-related properties, such as illocutionary force, topic, and focus. As far as modification structures are concerned, this study argues that the bare modifier is base-generated in the Spec of a functional or lexical projection, whereas the marked modifier is adjoined to the left of the nominal phrase by the operation Adjunction.
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Bertet, Denis. "Aspects of Tikuna grammar (San Martin de Amacayacu variety, Colombia) : phonology, nominal phrase, predicative phrase." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2068.
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Cette étude consiste en une description de certains aspects de la grammaire d’un parler tikuna abordés depuis une perspective fonctionnelle et typologique. Le tikuna est une langue isolée parlée dans l’ouest de l’Amazonie sur les bords du fleuve Amazone. Le parler tikuna décrit dans cette étude correspond à celui de la communauté de San Martín de Amacayacu, située dans l’extrême sud-est de la Colombie. Les locuteurs de ce parler désignent généralement leur langue du nom de tăgà, littéralement ‘notre langue (nous inclusif)’ ou bien ‘langue des gens’, y compris dans leurs interactions avec des personnes non tikuna. Les deux principaux domaines de la grammaire de la langue traités dans ce travail sont d’une part son système phonologique, et d’autre part la morphosyntaxe et la sémantique de son syntagme prédicatif. Sont également abordés, avec moins de détail, certains aspects de la morphosyntaxe du syntagme nominal, ainsi que l’expression de la négation dans la langue. Les analyses avancées dans cette étude reposent presque exclusivement sur des données linguistiques de première main que j’ai rassemblées entre 2015 et 2018 à San Martín de Amacayacu avec l’aide de locuteurs natifs de la langueThis study is a typologically-informed description of a few major aspects of the grammar of a variety of Tikuna, a language isolate spoken in western Amazonia along the banks of the Amazon river. The Tikuna variety described in this work is that of San Martín de Amacayacu, a community located near the southeastern tip of Colombia. Its speakers typically refer to it as tăgà, lit. ‘our (incl.) language’ or ‘people’s language’, even when talking to foreigners. The grammatical topics covered primarily include the phonological system of the language as well as the morphosyntax and semantics of its predicative phrase. Additional grammatical domains treated in less detail include aspects of the nominal phrase and the expression of negation. All the analyses I put forward in this description are based on first-hand linguistic data that I have collected between 2015 and 2018 in San Martín de Amacayacu with the help of native speakers of the language
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Gil, Eduardo Hugo Hendrick Randall. "The Turkish partitive as simple nominal phrases evidence from incorporation and specificity /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1961.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in the Department of Linguistics." Discipline: Linguistics; Department/School: Linguistics.
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Ayyūb, Ǧūrǧīn Milner Jean-Claude. "La question de la phrase nominale en arabe littéraire : prédicats, figures, catégories /." Lille : Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41153551t.
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Ayoub, Georgine. "La question de la phrase nominale en arabe litteraire : predicats, figures, categories." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070096.
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Le travail presente comporte quatre volumes, constituant chacun a la fois une etude relativement autonome et une partie articulee a un ensemble. Une these de linguistique generale, unissant des domaines de la recherche linguistique tenus en general separes, est posee et examinee dans l'ensemble de l'etude. Il s'agit de la these suivante: les proprietes enonciatives du langage sont articulees a ses proprietes geometriques et categorielles. Cette articulation est examinee tant dans la phrase nominale que dans le systeme verbal. La langue etudiee est essentiellement la langue arabe litteraire consideree dans son historicite avec des vues comparatives sur les dialectes arabes proche-orientaux. Dans les volumes i et ii, et a partir des faits de la phrase nominale en arabe, une theorie de la predication est developpee qui cerne le role des categories du genre, du nombre et de la personne dans la constitution d'un enonce fini et d'un predicat. Ce role s'avere sensible aux agencements et a la position de ces categories dans l'enonce. Le volume iii etudie, en se fondant sur cette theorie, les predicats verbaux en arabe et pose une analyse du systeme verbal articulee au role des particules et de leurs agencements dans la langue. Le volume iv part de l'etude des categories nominales derivees en arabe et pose une theorie des categories, de la relation entre categories syntaxiques et predicats et du role des categories quant a la stabilite et a la deformabilite dans le langageThe work presented comprises four volumes, each of these volumes constitutes both an independent study and a part of a whole. A thesis in general linguistics, unifying several concepts held so far apart, is stated and examined in the whole work. It is the following: the enunciative properties of language are closely related (articulated) to its geometrical and categorial properties. These relationships are examined in the nominal and in the verbal sentence. The language studied is literary arabic, considered at different stages of its evolution, with some insights on near-eastern arabic dialects. In volumes i and ii, a theory of predication is developed, starting from the facts of nominal sentence in arabic, and the role of the categories of gender, number and person in the constitution of an utterance (enonce) and a predicate is determined. This role is partially function of the geometrical relations in the utterance. The third volume studies the verbal predicates in arabic and develops an analysis of the verbal system where the value of forms is linked to the role of particles in the language. The fourth volume examines the verbo-nominal categories in arabic and then, asserts some principles forward a theory of syntactical categories in language, essentially about the relation between predicates and categories and the role of categories in the dialectical movement of stability and deformability in language
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Vanhove, Martine. "Morphosyntaxe et stylistique en maltais : le systeme verbal et la phrase nominale." Paris 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA030062.
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Apres une presentation phonologique, l'analyse de la morphologie verbale est abordee, faisant apparaitre un systeme de derivation fige. Toute creation lexicale se fait au moyen de l'emprunt. L'analyse des valeurs et emplois des deux conjugaisons montre un tres net recul des emplois modaux et en contexte de futur pour la conjugaison sufficale. Dans l'etude des nombreux auxiliaires, particules verbales et preverbes, il est d'abord montre que l'expression du progressif commence a envahir le domaine de la conjugaison prefixale. Il est ensuite question du sous-aspect duratif, d'emploi facultatif et reserve aux sujets animes. Puis vient l'etude du futur, de l'inaccompli dans le passe, ou apparaissent des formes surcomposees, de l'anteriorite, de l'inchoatif, de la continuite, de l'iteratif dont l'auxiliaire devient une conj0nction, des valeurs des auxiliaires modaux, du passif. L'analyse de la phrase nominale, en recul devant l'enonce a copule, montre que les criteres morphosyntaxiques ne sont pas toujours suffisantes pour determiner la nature de la relation: identite, attribution, localisation. Les constructions locatives et existentielles utilisent des adverbes de lieu ou parfois une preposition si le sujet est inanime. Le sujet peut etre determine. L'une de ces consructions fonctionne aussi comme procede de retardement, tout comme les constructions possessives qui forment un systeme a 3 termesAfter a phonological description, the analysis of the verbal morphology is tackled, showing an unproductive derivation system. New verbs are created by means of borrowing. The analysis of the values and use of both conjugations shows a very clear decline of modal and future use of the suffical conjugation. In the study of the numerous auxiliary verbs, verbal particles and preverbs, it is first shown that the progressiv forms are beginning to overlap the field of the prefixal conjugation. It is then dealt with an optional durative sub-aspect, comptable with inanimate subjects. Then comes the study of future, imperfect in the past where over-compound forms are used, anteriority, inchoative, continuity, iterative (the auxiliary verbs is becoming a conjunction), the values of modal auxiliary verbs, passive. The analysis of the nominal sentence, declining compared to utterances with a copula, shows that morpho-syntactic criteria are not always adequate to determine khether the predication is equative, essential or locative. Locative and existence constructions use locative adverbs or sometimes a preposition with an inanimate subject. The subject can be definite. One of these constructions works as a delaying process, as the possessive ones that form a three-term system
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Gauthier, Gérald. "La phrase sans verbe chez Diderot : de l'autographe à l'imprimé." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040052.
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Yamasaki(Hayashi), Nozomi. "Patterns and functions of unspecific nominal phrases in English : from lexis to discourse." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144437.
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Silva, Thiago Coutinho da. "Aspectos dos sintagmas nominais em karitiana: a quantificação universal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-24092009-101219/.
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De uma maneira geral, este trabalho tem como objetivos descrever e analisar alguns aspectos dos Sintagmas Nominais em Karitiana. Primeiramente, retomamos as discussões de Müller, Storto e Coutinho-Silva (2006a,b) e Sanchez-Mendes (2007) acerca da quantificação em Karitiana e descrevemos o comportamento do suposto quantificador Universal: akatyym, propondo que em Karitiana exista um processo específico de \'quantificação\' que não pode ser tratado como quantificação nominal ou adverbial conforme descrito em Bach et al (1995), pois o que nossa análise tanto do ponto de vista morfossintático, quanto do ponto de vista semântico aponta é que NP+akatyym é uma sentença relativa com núcleo interno, e sua suposta força quantificacional de Universal pode ser justificada como uma característica das relativas livre de núcleo interno que ao interpretar semanticamente seus núcleos nominais internamente ao CP, gera uma operação que tem como resultado semântico uma denotação de entidade plural máxima ou completa (cf. Grosu & Landman, 1998). Além disso, este trabalho analisa alguns fatos inter-relacionados dentro do Sintagma Nominal: analisamos as estruturas demonstrativas, mostrando que elas também são melhor analisadas como sentenças relativas e propomos uma descrição e análise dos pronominais em Karitiana tanto do ponto de vista da Morfologia Distribuída, seguindo os trabalhos de Ritter e Harley (1998), Hanson, Harley e Ritter (2000) e Harley e Ritter (2002) para a composição da geometria de traços no paradigma dos pronomes pessoais na língua, quanto dos recursos envolvidos na ligação e co-denotação (Büring, 2005). Por fim, apontamos que a não existência de um item lexical específico para a Quantificação Universal Nominal, de pronomes demonstrativos e de uma efetiva morfologia de número nos pronomes pessoais corroboram a hipótese de não existência da categorial funcional DP nos nominais em Karitiana proposta por Müller, Storto & Coutinho-Silva (2006a,b).In a general aspect, this work has as its goals to describe and analyze some aspects of the Karitiana Noun Phrases. First, we take up again the discussions from Müller, Storto & Coutinho-Silva (2006a,b) and Sanchez-Mendes (2007), on Karitianas quantification, and we describe the behaviour of the alleged universal quantifier: akatyym, proposing that, in Karitiana, there is a specific quantificational process that cannot be treated as noun ou adverbial quantification as described in Bach et al (1995), since what our analysis shows from the morphossyntactic, as well as the semantic point of view, is that NP +akatyym is a internalheaded relative clause, and its alleged Universal quantificational force can be justified as a characteristic of the internal-headed free relatives, that, as it interprets its nominal heads semantically DP-internally, generates an operation which has as its semantic result a denotation of plural maximum or complete entity (cf. Grosu & Landman, 1998). Besides, this work analyzes a few interesting facts correlated within the Noun Phrase: we analysed the demonstrative structures, showing that they are best analyzed as relative clauses, and we propose a description and an analysis of the Karitiana pronouns from both the Distributed Morphology point of view, following the works of Ritter & Harley (2002), for the feature geometry composition for the person pronouns paradigm, and also of the resources involved in binding and co-denotation (Büring, 2005). At last, we point that the non-existance of a specific lexical item for universal quantification of nominals, of demonstrative pronouns and of an effective number morphology in the personal pronouns corroborate the hypothesis of non-existance of the functional category DP in the Karitiana nouns, as proposed by Müller, Storto & Coutinho- Silva (2006a,b).
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Poncet-Montange, Anne. "Les groupes nominaux de structure NAN et NAV." Paris 13, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA131020.
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Cette these etudie le comportement orthographique, morphologique et syntaxique des groupes nominaux de structure nom a nom et nom a verbe, figes ou en voie de lexicalisation. Notre travail se situe dans une perspective de reconnaissance lexicale automatique et s'organise en deux parties correspondant a deux objectifs distincts : construire les fichiers nan et nav d'un dictionnaire electronique de mots composes et degager des regles de productivite qui permettent d'engendrer de nouveaux composes. La premiere partie analyse la base de donnees lexicales que nous avons construite, dans laquelle les variantes formelles des entrees (variantes orthographiques, formes flechies, variantes elliptiques et morphosyntactiques) sont decrites systematiquement. Dans la seconde partie, des classes semantiques d'objets sont definies, qui servent de cadre a l'analyse de la combinatoire interne des gn denotant des objets concrets. Trois principaux groupes de relations syntaxiques rendent compte de la productivite des structures nan et navThis dissertation explores the orthographic, morphological and syntactic properties of french compound nouns with structure noun a noun and noun a verb from the perspective of automatic lexical recognition. The two main sections correspond to two seperate goals : build the nan and nav files of an electronic dictionary of compound words and elicit productivity rules that will allow the generation of new compounds. The first section analyzes the lexical data base we have built and in which the formal variants of the entries (spelling variants, inflected forms, elliptic and morphosyntactic variants) are described systematically. In the second section, semantic classes are defined that serve as a framework to study the internal syntax of free compounds denoting concrete objects. Three main groups of syntactic relations acount for the productivity of the nan and nav structures
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Garcia, Marchena Oscar. "Phrases averbales et fragments de l’espagnol oral : étude de corpus." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC313.
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Les phrases averbales se distinguent des fragments car (es premières sont analysées comme des structures non elliptiques dont la tête est réalisée par une partie du discours différente du verbe fléchi, alors que les deuxièmes sont des structures dont la tête ou l'argument sélectionné est elliptique. Cette thèse en présente une typologie et une étude sur leur emploi dans un corpus oral de l'espagnol contemporain (CORLEC) composé de 63000 énoncés de genres différents, classés en monologiques et dialogiques. Cette typologie distingue deux types propres aux phrases averbales : polaires et existentielles, ainsi que deux types propres aux fragments : modifieurs et argumentaux, à tête verbale elliptique. Le reste des types (épistémiques, évaluatives et illocutoires) forment aussi bien des phrases averbales que des fragments, qui se distinguent par leur structure syntaxique : les fragments correspondent à des phrases averbales avec un argument elliptique. L'analyse du corpus montre que les phrases averbales et les fragments sont assez fréquents en racine (7434 items, soit 11,7'5% de tous !es énoncés du corpus), et plus rares en subordination (734 items). Elles sont aussi plus fréquentes dans les genres dialogiques que. Dans les monologiques (13 % vs. 8%). De même, en racine, les fragments sont plus fréquents que les phrases averbales, alors que les phrases averbales sont plus facilement subordonnées que les fragments. Cette analyse a donné lieu à une base des données de 8168 énoncés sans verbe, dont les phrases averbales ont été classifiées par leur structure et leur type syntaxique, ainsi que par la partie du discours de leur têteVerbless clauses differ from fragments in their structure : the first ones are analysed as non elliptic structures where the head is a part of speech different from a tensed verb, whereas the second ones are structures where either the head or the seiected argument is elliptic. This thesis prescrits une anayse and typology of these two kinds of structures, as well as a study on their distribution in a corpus conternporary oral Spanish (CORLEC), composed by 63000 utterances of different genres, ciassified as either mariologie or dialogic. This classification distinguishes two types which are exclusif of verbiess clauses : polar and existentiel, as well as two types which are oniy found among fragments : modifieur et argumentai, with an elliptic verbal head. The remaining types (episternic, evaluative and illocutive) can form either verbiess clauses or fragments, both differing in syntactic structure : fragments correspond to verbless clauses vvith an elliptic argument. The corpus analysis shows that verbless clauses and fragments are quite frequent in root position (7434 items, that is 11,75% of the total of corpus utterances) and rare in subordination (734 items). 'They are aise) more fréquent in dialogic that : in mariologie genres (13 % vs. 8%). Furthermore, in root position, fragments are more frequent thon verbless clauses, while the latter are more easily subordinated. This analysis kas led to a data base of 8168 verbess utterances, where verbless clauses are classified by their syntactic type and structure as well as by the part of speech of the head
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Lanérès, Nicole. "Les formes de la phrase nominale en grec ancien : étude sur la langue de "L'Iliade /." [Paris] (9 rue Blainville, 75005) : N. Lanérès, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36195013s.
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Lanérès, Nicole. "Les formes de la phrase nominale en grec ancien : étude sur la langue de l'Iliade." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070100.
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L'historique de la question ainsi qu'une typologie de la preidcation dans les autres langues, indo-europeennes ou non, montrent que l'etude de la phrase nominale en grec est a reprendre entierement. Limitant a l'illade le champ d'investigation, le probleme est traite dans une perspective purement synchronique ou l'instance enonciative joue un role decisif. Au terme d'une analyse des constitutants, de l'ordre des mots, de la negation et du statut principal ou subordonne de la phrase nominale, il apparait que rien n'oppose les contenus informatifs d'une phrase verbale et d'une phrase nominale, le choix de l'une et de l'autre dependant de la seule strategie enonciative : l'opposition entre *es- et la pause reside dans le degre d'effectivite puisque la presence de la forme verbale ancre l'enonce dans le reel tandis que celle de la pause maintient le proces hors du champ de sa realisation effectiveAu historical survey as well as a typologie of production in other languages, be they indo-european or not, goes to show that the whole question of the nominal sentence in greek has to be re-examined. Within the limited field of investigation of the iliad the problem is being dealt with in a purely synchronistic perspective, the position of the speaker playing a decisive part. After analysis of constituants, word order, negation, and of principal orsubordinate status of the nominal sentence, it appears that there is nothing which would oppose the information contents of a verbal and a nominal sentence, the selection of either one depending solely on enunciation strategy : the opposition between *es- and pause lies in the degree of effectiveness, since the presence of the verbal form roots the statement in reality whereas the presence of the pause maintains the process outside the realm of effective realization
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Mickelsson, Sparv Susanne. "From the midst of darkness to a nugget of hope : Post-nominal of-phrases in translation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98238.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyze how post-nominal of-phrases are translated from English to Swedish in a non-fiction text about the musician Dave Grohl and his band Foo Fighters. The analysis is both quantitative and qualitative. The of-phrases are categorized according to Keizer’s (2007) categories, and the results show that most of-phrases are translated to prepositional phrases, although it differs which prepositions are used, depending on the type of ofphrase. For of-phrases of the possession-type, i is the most common preposition, and for compound-like of-phrases, av is the most common preposition. Of-phrases of possession-type are also frequently translated into genitive constructions, especially if the possessor is animate or syntactically light. Other structural changes also occur in the translation, although no pattern was found for this strategy in the analysis.
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NASCIMENTO, Gustavo Diniz. "Dos sintagmas nominais aos descritores documentais: estudo de caso na indexação de teses e dissertações da área de Direito." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/16942.
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O uso dos Sintagmas Nominais como instrumentos de organização e recuperação da informação digital vem se mostrando uma alternativa promissora para sistemas de informação. Nesse contexto, a indexação automática por meio de Sintagmas Nominais se mostra como uma alternativa que minimiza alguns problemas encontrados na indexação baseada em palavras isoladas, uma vez que os Sintagmas Nominais se constituem em unidades sintáticas que possuem semântica/sentido específico. No entanto, é notório que nem todos os Sintagmas Nominais que se encontram em um documento digital são representativos do mesmo, o que demonstra por sua vez a necessidade de uma seleção dos Sintagmas Nominais que realmente possam funcionar como descritores documentais. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral investigar a seleção de sintagmas nominais com valor de descritor no contexto do processo de indexação automática por meio de sintagmas nominais de resumos de teses e dissertações em português da área jurídica. Pretende-se: 1. Investigar o processo de indexação automática por meio de sintagmas nominais; 2. Verificar quais são as características de um Sintagma Nominal como valor de descritor documental; 3. Identificar na literatura científica nacional metodologias para seleção de sintagmas nominais em textos em português, bem como os critérios de seleção de cada metodologia; 4. Planejar experimento, onde os Sintagmas Nominais extraídos são categorizados quanto ao atendimento ou não a critérios de seleção propostos na literatura e quanto ao valor como Descritores, quando semelhantes aos descritores documentais resultantes da indexação manual; 5. Avaliar os critérios de seleção na indexação automática por meio de Sintagmas Nominais para teses e dissertações da área jurídica. Para o alcance dos objetivos propostos, fez-se uso de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e de um experimento. A pesquisa bibliográfica permitiu a identificação de pesquisas voltadas para a indexação automática por meio de Sintagmas Nominais, principalmente no que se refere à seleção de Sintagmas que funcionem como descritores documentais. Com base nas leituras dessas pesquisas, puderam-se identificar vários critérios utilizados para a seleção de Sintagmas. O experimento constituiu-se na aplicação dos critérios identificados na literatura aos sintagmas nominais extraídos de um conjunto de resumos de teses e dissertações da área jurídica, com o intuito de mensurar a utilidade ou não desses critérios no que diz respeito à seleção de sintagmas nominais descritores. Assim, realizou-se a indexação manual dos documentos, a extração automática dos Sintagmas Nominais constituintes dos mesmos, a categorização dos sintagmas nominais como descritores com base na semelhança aos descritores documentais advindos da indexação manual e a aplicação dos critérios de seleção aos sintagmas nominais extraídos. Por meio do experimento, foram percebidos comportamentos distintos entre cada critério, onde a maioria foi considerada útil para a seleção de sintagmas nominais.
The use of noun phrases as tools for information organization and retrieval has proven to be a promising alternative in information systems. In this context, automatic indexing through the noun phrases shows a new alternative that minimizes some problems encountered in indexing based on single words, given that noun phrases are syntactic units with specific semantic/meaning. However, it is evident that not all the noun phrases in a digital document are representative of the content, which in turn demonstrates the need for a selection of noun phrases that may serve as documentary descriptors. In this context, this work aims to investigate the selection of noun phrases with descriptor value in the context of the automatic indexing process by noun phrases from abstracts of theses and dissertations in the area of law in Portuguese. The specific objectives are: 1. Investigate the automatic indexing process by noun phrases; 2. Identify what are the characteristics of a noun phrase with descriptor value; 3. Identify the methodologies in national scientific literature for selection of noun phrases in texts in Portuguese, as well as the selection criteria of each methodology; 4. Organization of an experiment where each extracted noun phrase is categorized as descriptor and if it meets or not the proposed selection criteria in the literature; 5. Evaluate the selection criteria in the automatic indexing by noun phrases for theses and dissertations in the legal field. To achieve the objectives, it was made use of a bibliographic research and experiment. The literature review allowed the identification of research on automatic indexing by noun phrases, especially criteria used to choose noun phrases that act as documentary descriptors. Based on the readings of this research, it was possible to identify several criteria used for the selection of noun phrases. The experiment consisted in applying the criteria identified in the literature to noun phrases extracted from a set of abstracts of theses and dissertations in the legal field, in order to measure the usefulness or not of these criteria for the selection of noun phrases descriptors. Thus it was made manual indexing of documents, automatic extraction of noun phrases thereof, the categorization of noun phrases as descriptors based on their resemblance to the descriptors of manual indexing and the application of criteria in the extracted noun phrases. Through the experiment, we notice a different behavior for each criterion, where most of the criteria was considered useful for noun phrase selection.
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Miranda, Wania. "O sintagma nominal do caboverdiano: uma investigação semântica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-13092013-110158/.
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A presente dissertação realiza uma investigação semântica do sintagma nominal (NP) do caboverdiano, língua falada no arquipélago de Cabo Verde, localizado na costa ocidental africana. As análises concentram-se na variedade de Santiago, ilha em que está localizada a capital do país, a cidade de Praia. Os nomes no caboverdiano, em geral, não são acompanhados de determinante e podem ser interpretados tanto como definidos quanto indefinidos. A utilização de un / uns está, em geral, associada a introdução de novos referentes, seu uso, contudo, não é frequente. Existe, ainda, a partícula kel/kes que parece veicular, entre outras coisas, definitude. Tal emprego, todavia, tampouco se dá frequentemente. O estatuto de kel, em caboverdiano, causa algumas divergências entre os pesquisadores da língua. Alguns autores advogam que ele desempenha, por vezes, o papel de artigo definido (ver, entre outros, (Alexandre and Soares, 2004), (Baptista, 2007), (Quint, 2000)). Discutiremos alguns dos trabalhos que versam sobre o sintagma nominal em caboverdiano, apresentando argumentos que corroboram ou não essa hipótese. A bem da verdade, a maioria das descrições sobre o caboverdiano não manifesta acordo quanto à existência ou não de artigo definido nessa língua. Os que afirmam sua existência parecem, muitas vezes, apresentar análises da língua centradas na descrição e análise do português, principalmente do português europeu. Diante dessa perspectiva, diversos fenômenos idiossincráticos do caboverdiano podem passar despercebidos, como no caso de uma possível contribuição ilocucional do operador uma, outro modificador do sintagma nominal. Este trabalho procura realizar uma análise do caboverdiano centrada nos fatos da própria língua, investigando as diferentes estratégias de interpretação dos nomes, bem como o papel dos elementos que compõem o sintagma nominal.This dissertation conducts an investigation of the semantic of the noun phrase (NP) Cape Verdean language, spoken in the Cape Verde, archipelago located on the West African coast. The analysis focuses on the Santiago variety. The nouns in the Cape Verdean are generally determinerless and can be interpreted both as definite and indefinite. The introduction of new referents is generally associated with the use of un/uns, its use however is not frequent. There are also the particle kel/kes it seems vehicle, among other things, definiteness. Such employement, however, nor is often gives. The status of kel in Cape Verdean, cause some disagreement among of the language researchers. Some scholars advocate that kel may assume, sometimes, the role of a definite article (see among others (Alexandre and Soares, 2004), (Baptista, 2007), (Quint, 2000)). I will discuss several works which deal with noun phrase in Cape Verdean, revealing arguments which confirm whether or not this hypothesis. In fact, most of the Cape Verdean descriptions not show agreement on the definite article presence or absence in that language. Those who claim its existence often seem to present analysis of the Cape Verdean centered on the description and analysis of the Portuguese, especially European Portuguese. With that prospect, severals idiosyncratic phenomena of the Cape Verde may go unnotice, as in the case of a possible illocutionary contribution of the uma operator, another noun phrase modifier. This work attempt examine of the an Cape Verdean analyse focused on the language facts theirselves, investigating different strategies for nouns interpretation, as well as the elements role on the noun phrase.
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Ström, Herold Jenny. "Im Grenzgebiet zwischen dem wissenschaftlichen und dem journalistischen Stil : Zur Übersetzung erweiterter Partizipialattribute und figurativer Ausdrücke in einem medienwissenschaftlichen Text." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Language and Literature, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6117.
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This essay deals with translation issues arising when translating a German source text – situated within the field of media communication and political science – into Swedish. More specifically, it focuses on translation problems and solutions in regard to extended participial modifiers and metaphorical expressions.From a translation perspective, complex German pre-nominal participial modifiers are known to pose a challenge to Swedish translators. This depends on language-specific restrictions within the nominal domain. In linguistic translation literature, it is commonly held, that complex pre-nominal participial modifiers cause – in Vinay & Darbelnet’s (1977) terminology – 'transpositions', yielding a Swedish relative clause. This widely held assumption again proved to be right. In some cases, however, other structural options were made use of such as abbreviated (participial) clauses. Also, depending on the complexity of the modifier, transpositions were involved which crossed one or more sentence boundaries. In contrast to complex nominal phrases with pre-nominal participial modifiers, metaphors are usually considered to be stylistically inappropriate in academic discourse. However, a closer examination of the metaphorical expressions appearing in the source text showed that they are almost without exception lexicalized or conventionalized and, therefore, not particularly artistic or daring. The analysis of the translation procedures involved when translating metaphorical expressions was limited to metaphors linked to the area of politics and career, mainly stemming from the conceptual domains: POLITICS IS WAR/A GAME and CAREER IS A JOURNEY. The analysis shows that German and Swedish have similar metaphors, building on those exact concepts. Still, literal translation was not applied in each and every case. In some cases, a neutral periphrasis or a formal equivalent was employed which resulted in a loss or change of some of the semantic aspects inherent to the original metaphor.
Keywords: translation, nominal phrases, extended modifiers, metaphors
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Menantaud, Henri. "Contribution à la description morphosyntaxique de la phrase négative polonaise : forme du complément nominal." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040201.
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A l'interieur d'une phrase negative, en polonais contemporain, la forme du complement direct est conditionnee par la conjonction d'une rection casuelle emanant du verbe et d'une rection negative emanant de la particule nie. La forme du complement indirect est conditionnee, soit de la meme facon que la forme du complement direct, soit par la seule rection casuelle emanant du verbe. La forme du complement circonstanciel n'est pas soumise a un phenomene de rection, mais elle est conditionnee par un mecanisme grammatical descriptible en termes d'opposition entre fonctions primaires et fonctions secondaires des deux categories flexionelles du cas et de la negationIn contemporary polish, the form of the direct object within a negative sentence is conditioned by both a casual government originating in the verb and a negative government originating in the particle nie. The form of the indirect object is conditioned either in the same way the form of the direct object is or by a casual government only. The form of the adverbial complement is conditioned by no government, but it is constrained by a grammatical mechanism describable in terms of the opposition primary functions vs. Secondary functions of the inflectional categories of case and negation
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Weber, Sabrina [Verfasser], Markus [Gutachter] Bader, and Gert [Gutachter] Webelhuth. "Nominal modification in language production: Extraposition of prepositional phrases in german / Sabrina Weber ; Gutachter: Markus Bader, Gert Webelhuth." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1197127925/34.
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Raumolin-Brunberg, Helena. "The noun phrase in early sixteenth-century English : a study based on Sir Thomas More's writings /." Helsinki : Société néophilologique, 1991. http://books.google.com/books?id=1SJZAAAAMAAJ.
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Theledi, Kgomotso Mothokhumo Ambitious. "Descriptive nominal modifiers in Setswana." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52755.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study focused on three descriptive nominal modifiers which specify the attributes of nouns, i.e. the morphological adjective, the relative clause and the descriptive possessive. The morphological adjective appears in an adjectival phrase, which has to consist of a determiner and an adjective. The adjective must have agreement with the head noun in an NP. The adjective root may appear with nominal suffixes such as -ana and -gadi, it can be reduplicated, it may be transposed to other categories and it may even be compounded. The AP may also occur in predicative position as well as in comparative clauses. The relative clause may have the same semantic properties as the adjective. The relative clause in Setswana consists of a determiner in the position of the complementizer followed by an lP. Such an lP may have a copulative or non-copulative verb. Attention in this study has focused on the nominal relative, which appears as a complement of a copulative verb. These nominal relative stems have been divided into two sections, i.e. a section in which the nominal relative stems may not appear in a descriptive possessive construction and a second section where these stems may also appear as a complement of the possessive [a]. The semantic features of these nominal relative stems have been isolated and it is clear that they show a wide variety of semantic features. This type of relative clause represents the most prolific category, which specifies the attributes of nouns. The third category, which displays the semantic feature of an attribute of a noun, is the descriptive possessive construction. The syntactic and semantic structure of this type of phrase has been investigated. A wide variety of complements of the possessive [a] have been isolated in Setswana and some semantic features have received specific attention, i.e. group nouns and partitives.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie fokus op drie deskriptiewe nominale bepalers wat die attribute van naamwoorde spesifiseer nl. die morfologiese adjektief, die relatief en die deskriptiewe possessief. Die morfologiese adjektief kom voor in 'n adjektieffrase wat bestaan uit 'n bepaler en 'n adjektief. Die adjektief moet klasooreenstemming hê met die kernnaamwoord in 'n naamwoordfrase. Die adjektiefstam kan voorkom met nominale suffikse soos ana en gadi, dit kan geredupliseer word, oorgeplaas word na ander kategorieë en selfs samestellings vorm. Die adjektieffrase kan ook voorkom in 'n predikatiewe posisie sowel as in vergelykings. Die relatief kan dieselfde semantiese eienskappe hê as die adjektief. Die relatief in Setswana bestaan uit 'n bepaler in die posisie van die komplementeerder gevolg deur 'n infleksiefrase. So 'n infleksiefrase kan 'n kopulatiewe of nie-kopulatiewe werkwoord bevat. Die aandag in hierdie studie het gekonsentreer op die nominale relatief wat voorkom as 'n komplement van 'n kopulatiewe werkwoord. Hierdie nominale relatiewe stamme is verdeel in twee afdelings nl. 'n afdeling waarin die nominale relatiewe stamme nie kan voorkom in 'n deskriptiewe possessiewe konstruksie en 'n tweede afdeling waar hierdie stamme ook kan voorkom as 'n komplement van die possessiewe [a]. Die semantiese kenmerke van hierdie nominale relatiewe stamme is geïsoleer en dit is duidelik dat hulle 'n wye verskeidenheid van semantiese kenmerke het. Hierdie tipe relatief verteenwoordig In baie wye keuse t.o.v. die attribute van naamwoorde. Die derde kategorie wat die semantiese kenmerk van 'n attribuut van 'n naamwoord vertoon, is die deskriptiewe possessiewe konstruksie. Die sintaktiese en semantiese struktuur van hierdie tipe frase is nagegaan. 'n Groot verskeidenheid komplemente van die possessiewe [a] is geïsoleer in Setswana en sommige semantiese kenmerke het spesifieke aandag gekry nl. groepnaamwoorde en partitiiewe.
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Stanton, Tom. "'One', noun structure, and modification." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/31867.
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The present thesis aims to use novel observations as to the behaviour of anaphoric 'one' when under modification in order to explore more acutely the structure of the nominal phrase. There has been decades of disagreement as to the syntactic nature of anaphoric 'one'. This work highlights novel observations about anaphoric 'one' and offers structural analyses for them. Anaphoric 'one' behaves in a markedly distinct way when modified by a prenominal modifier versus when it is modified by a postnominal modifier. Specifically the indefinite article, numerals, and certain quantifiers are able to be introduced into the structure of the noun phrase only when anaphoric 'one' is modified prenominally. In such cases that is modified postnominally the introduction of such material is not possible. Rather than appealing to rich featural specifications on syntactic objects by way of explanation this thesis offers an account based upon the structure of the nominal. An obligatory movement operation in the nominal projection is proposed, the result of which produces a structural configuration which limits extraction from the moved constituent. It is the two of these factors working together that produces the pattern of behaviour to be captured. Finally I present phenomena that can be found in Spanish, Dutch, Turkish, and Slovenian which can be easily captured using the structural analysis offered in this work. The suggestion being that all of these languages exhibit not only the same movement operation in the nominal projection, but the same limit on what may be extracted from the moved constituent.
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Yeghiazaryan, Lusine. "Caso, definitude e os sintagmas nominais no armênio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-17112010-153350/.
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Este trabalho trata da organização de sintagmas nominais no armênio, revelando uma interação peculiar entre a expressão de definitude e a marcação morfológica de Caso e as conseqüências dessa relação para a organização estrutural desta língua. Mostra se que os sintagmas nominais são interpretados como definidos como resultado de atribuição de Caso estrutural, e que existe uma assimetria entre os Casos estruturais e os Casos inerentes quanto à atribuição de definitude. Como ponto de partida, discute-se o estatuto do sufixo n/y, chamado de artigo definido pela gramática tradicional do armênio. A investigação das propriedades morfossintáticas desse sufixo mostra que o mesmo é uma marca com características mistas, que atua na atribuição de definitude e Caso de uma maneira não atestada nas línguas naturais e questiona o recorte entre as funções de Caso e os meios de expressão de definitude. Baseando-nos nos trabalhos de Chomsky (1986b), Longobardi (1994) e Giusti (2002), propomos a reanálise do sufixo -n/y como uma marca de Caso estrutural, que transforma os sintagmas nominais em argumentos sintáticos, e é associada ao nível DP na estrutura frasal. Ademais, mostra-se que a ausência de marcação de Caso estrutural resulta numa série de restrições semântico-sintáticas nos sintagmas nominais (nus), a mais proeminente sendo o movimento desses sintagmas para uma posição antes do verbo, seguidos imediatamente pelo auxiliar. Isso leva a diferentes ordens superficiais para sintagmas marcados por Caso estrutural (SVO) e sintagmas nus (SOauxV). Tal evidência, junto com o quadro das características dos sintagmas nus no armênio, leva à análise dos mesmos como pseudo-incorporados, conforme proposto por Massam (2001) para o niueano, com a diferença de que o sintagma nu se adjunge à projeção funcional TP no armênio, sem passar pela operação de alçamento do predicado. Quanto à expressão de definitude nos Casos inerentes, mostramos que em contraste com os sintagmas nos Casos estruturais, que podem aparecer com ou sem marcação aberta de Caso e ter, respectivamente, leitura definida ou indefinida, os inerentes devem sempre carregar a morfologia casual e são ambíguos quanto à definitude. Nesse aspecto, analisamos as projeções nominais Genitivas e constatamos que, apesar da aparente semelhança superficial, as mesmas exibem propriedades distintas que correspondem a duas estruturas internas diferentes do sintagma nominal, viii podendo ser caracterizadas como duas classes distintas: o Genitivo Referencial, que aparece em Spec/DP e é interpretado como definido por se associar ao nível DP, e o Genitivo Modificador, que permanece no domínio do NP no percurso da derivação. As conclusões a que chegamos provam que mesmo sem possuir um artigo definido canônico, o armênio oferece evidências a favor da postulação do nível DP como universal, responsável pelas interpretações definidas dos sintagmas nominais. Nos Casos estruturais, a definitude vem da atribuição de Caso, enquanto no Genitivo (um exemplo de Caso inerente) vem da posição ocupada dentro do sintagma nominal. Por conseguinte, o presente trabalho traz uma contribuição teórica valiosa para a análise unificada das projeções nominais, além de auxiliar na elucidação de alguns assuntos empíricos controversos do armênio e abrir caminho para pesquisas futuras.This thesis investigates the structural organization of noun phrases in Armenian, an Indo-European language with mixed properties, focusing on the interaction between Case and (in)definiteness. The main claim of the study is that, contrary to traditional view, Armenian has no (definite) article, and definiteness in this language is a result of structural Case marking on NPs. This claim has implications for the analysis of bare nominals as NPs that lack both Case and referential properties and are syntactically restricted to a peculiar configuration, resulting in different superficial orders for Case-marked (SVO) and bare noun phrases (SOauxV). Moreover, this analysis casts light on a rather intriguing question of how definiteness is expressed in inherent Cases. It is shown that, unlike structural Cases, which express a direct correlation between definiteness and Case, inherent Cases, more precisely Genitive NPs, are interpreted as (in)definite by associating themselves to distinct structural positions. The starting point of our discussion is the re-analysis of the suffix -n/y, traditionally classified as a definite article. Highlighting Case and (in)definiteness as two independent conditions on argumenthood (Chomsky (1986b), Longobardi (1994), Giusti (2002)) that are closely correlated in Armenian, we argue that this suffix is in fact a structural Case marker, which turns nominals into syntactic arguments, and is associated with DP level. Focusing on the morpho-syntactic behavior of bare nominals in Armenian, it is shown that in the absence of structural Case marking, their distribution is syntactically restricted to a position in which they appear to the left of the verb and must be adjacent to the auxiliary. This distribution is accounted for by adopting the pseudo-incorporation analysis of Massam (2001). We show that bare nouns in Armenian exhibit typical properties of pseudo-incorporated nominals, as lack of reference, number-neutrality, phrasal nature, among others. Turning our attention to Genitive constructions, which always appear with Case morphology, we analyze a number of properties that superficially distinguish two (main) types, which we propose to call Referential and Modifying Genitives. The difference between them is syntactic, as they have different structural representations: Spec/DP for Referential and NP domain for Modifying Genitive. x As a result, we conclude that there exists an asymmetry between inherent and structural Cases as to how they express definiteness. Moreover, we conclude that in spite of the fact that Armenian does not have canonical (definite) article, a DP level must be postulated for this language, as a projection responsible for the referentiality/definiteness of the noun phrases. Thus, this study contributes to the outgoing debates about the precise functions of D as universal category and provides a valuable theoretical contribution to the cross-linguistic investigations of nominal projections.
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Malik, Mohamed Mahdi. "Structures prédicatives nominales en Anglais : acquisition de données lexicales pour l'analyse automatique de textes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22017/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux relations qui peuvent exister entre des prédicats verbaux(ex : to regulate) et des prédicats nominaux (ex : regulation) dont les structures argumentales mettent enjeu des informations communes. Nous nous livrons à une formalisation des conditions dans lesquelles se réalisent des relations d’équivalence entre les constructions verbales et nominales. La mise en évidence de l’équivalence des structures argumentales de ces deux types de constructions est fondamentale pour pouvoir réaliser, par exemple, des systèmes d’extraction automatique d’informations très performants. En se basant sur les données du lexique The Specialist Lexicon, nous proposons une prédiction raisonnable du comportement syntaxique des arguments nominaux, de différents groupes nominaux prédicatifs(GNpréd), lorsqu’ils sont en position de postmodifieur. Cette étude nous a conduit à concevoir un ensemble d’algorithmes et à développer une plate-forme, Predicate DB, qui nous a permis de produire un lexique de nominalisations. Pour chaque entrée appartenant à ce lexique, nous avons caractérisé ses structures argumentales et ses réalisations dans des GNpréd dont les arguments sont marqués par des prépositions spécifiquesIn this thesis, we focus on the relation that may exist between verbal predicates (e.g., regulate)and nominal predicates (e.g., regulation) whose argument structures involve common information.We make a formalization of the conditions in which equivalent relations between verbal and nominalconstructions are carried out. Bringing out the equivalence of argument structures between these twotypes of constructions is fundamental for achieving, for example, very efficient Information Extractionsystems. Based on data from the Specialist Lexicon, we propose a reasonable prediction of the syntacticbehavior of nominal arguments, which belong to different predicate noun phrases (PNPs), when theyare in postmodifier position. This study has led us to design a set of algorithms and develop a platform,PredicateDB, to produce a lexicon of nominalizations. For each entry belonging to this lexicon, we havedefined its argument structures and achievements in PNPs whose arguments are marked by specificprepositions
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Leoue, Jean Gilbert. "Nominal Determination: Focus on a Few Operations in Cameroon Pidgin English." Thesis, Université de la Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris III, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71564.
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Based on a contrastive and variationist approach, this research work sheds light on the study of the structure of the Noun Phrase in Cameroon Pidgin English in contrast with Standard British English. Among other relevant topics, the following aspects of the NP are considered: the system of pronouns, nominal anaphora, the system of articles, the deictic implementation, quantification, intensification and reduplication.
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Zevgoli, Sophia. "The parameter of reflexive anaphors : a comparative study of the English and the Modern Greek nominal phrase." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621760.
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Daff, Moussa. "L'Analyse syntaxique, la ponctuation et la phrase nominale dans la presse écrite contemporaine : Application à des exemples d'un journal sportif contemporain." Aix-Marseille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX10036.
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Nous avons utilise la methode de l'approche pronominale pour analyser syntaxiquement les exemples de notre corpus. Cette analyse a revele l'existence dans la presse ecrite contemporaine de segments construits par un element recteur de gauche et detaches de cet element par une ponctuation forte, en l'occurence le point (. ) cette ponctuation forte nous l'avons nommee double point. Le double point est un dispositif de disjonction intonative qui decroche et focalise des elements rectionnels. Cette definition est le resultat d'une superposition d'analyse: analyse syntaxique, analyse rythmique et intonative et analyse sur le plan graphique et visuel.
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Albers, Ulrike. "Le syntagme nominal en créole réunionnais : forme et interprétation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0357.
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Cette thèse propose une description synchronique du système de détermination nominale du créole réunionnais, ainsi qu’une analyse de l’interprétation des syntagmes nominaux (SN). Elle inclut des données nouvelles provenant d’une part d’un ensemble de corpus oraux et d’autre part de jugements de grammaticalité et de félicité. Nous examinons la distribution des différents SN, le statut morphosyntaxique des éléments figurant en position pré- et postnominale, le système du nombre, ainsi que l’expression de la définitude en réunionnais. Nous analysons une distinction opérée par trois formes différentes (SN nu ; lo+N ; N+-la) qui assument chacune un rôle différent dans une division de la définitude (definiteness split) similaire à celle décrite par Ebert (1971) et nous l’expliquons à travers la théorie de la définitude proposée par Löbner (1985 ; 2011; 2015)This PHD thesis offers a synchronic description of Reunion Creole's determiner system as well as an analysis of the interpretation of its noun phrases. The thesis includes new data from two kinds of sources: a small collection of oral corpora, and grammaticality/felicity judgments. We investigate the distribution of the different kinds of NP, the morphosyntactic status of pre- and postnominal elements, the number system, and the expression of definiteness in Reunion Creole. We analyze a distinction operated by three different forms (bare NPs; lo+N;N+-la), that endorse distinct roles in a definiteness split similar to the one described by Ebert (1971) and we explain this split within Löbner’s (1985 ; 2011; 2015) theory of definiteness
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Delorme, Benjamin. "Les énoncés nominaux dans le roman contemporain de langue anglaise: implications sémantiques et pragmatiques de la prédication averbale." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040195.
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Élaborée à partir d’un corpus de romans du XXè siècle, cette étude identifie les formes et fonctions de la phrase nominale en anglais contemporain. Elle rappelle dans un premier temps les origines de la question, de Platon à Benveniste, et compare les énoncés nominaux à d’autres formes de prédication, telles que l’apposition ou les constructions détachées. Elle étudie par la suite les caractéristiques syntaxiques des énoncés, constitués de syntagmes nominaux (ou adjectivaux) attributifs ou existentiels, dont le sujet reste le plus souvent implicite. Dans le texte, leur emploi occasionne régulièrement une focalisation du point de vue sur les données concrètes de la situation de récit, propriété due à l’absence de forme verbale conjuguée : en l’absence de marques temporelles et personnelles, la prédication peut se dissocier du point de vue de l’énonciateur primaire (le narrateur) et être prise en charge par toute autre instance pertinente dans le contexte. Si les énoncés nominaux sont représentés dans tous les genres romanesques, leur distribution dans les œuvres étudiées les associe de façon récurrente à une série de fonctions textuelles (ouverture ou clôture d’une isotopie, énumération, proposition à valeur causale, etc. ) et de champs sémantiques (mise en place d’un décor, description physique, silences, etc. ) spécifiques. L’étude des différents types d’occurrences relevées accrédite en dernière analyse l’hypothèse d’une métalangue naturelle parcourant le système de la langueBased on a corpus of 20th century novels, this study examines the forms and functions of verbless sentences in contemporary English prose. It first points out the origins of the problem, from Plato to Benveniste, and draws a parallel between verbless sentences and other predicative types, such as apposition or absolute clauses. It then looks at the syntactic characteristics of the occurrences, which feature predicative or existential noun (or adjectival) groups in which the subject almost always remains implicit. In texts, they are regularly used for focusing on the sensory dimension of events, a property due to the absence of conjugated verb form: in an utterance lacking tense and person markers, the predicate may shift from the narrator’s viewpoint to any other perspective relevant in the context. Verbless sentences are to be found in all genres of novels, yet their distribution in the corpus shows they are regularly associated to a limited number of rhetorical functions, e. G. Opening or closure of a paragraph, causal clauses, description of a scene’s layout and protagonists, or mention of a pause in a course of events. The study concludes that the use of verbless sentences supports the hypothesis of a natural metalanguage
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Silva, Marilu Dias da. "Há artigos no crioulo de Cabo Verde, variedade de Santiago?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-30052008-234553/.
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Este trabalho tem por finalidade verificar se há utilização de artigos no Crioulo Cabo-verdiano, variedade de Santiago (CCVS), e como são utilizados esses artigos: se há uma sistematização para seu uso, como propõe Bickerton (1981) para todos os crioulos, ou se artigos definidos, indefinidos e Ø (indicando a ausência de artigos ou outros determinantes) são utilizados indistintamente, como sugere Lucchesi (1994a). Nesta pesquisa, foi constatada a ocorrência de artigos em CCVS, podendo-se afirmar que a opção dos falantes pelos artigos, definidos ou indefinidos, ou por Ø, em SN\'s (sintagmas nominais) cujos núcleos sejam substantivos comuns, constitui um fato de variação, na qual Ø é a variável, já que a tendência predominante é a opção por ele em SN\'s (+F) (+O), cuja referência seja conhecida pelo falante e pelo ouvinte, (+F) (-O), cuja referência seja conhecida pelo falante, mas desconhecida pelo ouvinte, (-F) (-O), cuja referência seja desconhecida pelo falante e pelo ouvinte, nas posições de sujeito, objeto e predicativo do sujeito; já os artigos definidos, indefinidos e Ø são variantes combinatórias, já que não houve ocorrências de artigos indefinidos em SN\'s (+F) (+O) na posição de sujeito, assim como não surgiram artigos definidos e indefinidos, na posição de predicativo do sujeito, em SN\'s (+F) (-O) e (-F) (-O).This work has for purpose to verify if has article use in the Capeverdean Creole, Santiago\'s variety (CCVS), and as these articles are used: if it has a systematization for its use, as Bickerton (1981) considers for all the creoles, or if definite and indefinite articles and Ø (indicating the article absence or other determinative ones) are used indistinctly, at it suggests Lucchesi (1994a). In this research, the article occurrence was evidenced in CCVS, being able itself to affirm that the option of the speaker for articles, definites or indefinites, or Ø, in NP\'s (nominal phrases) whose nucleus are substantive common, constitutes a variation fact, in which Ø is the variable, since the predominant trend is the option for it in NP\'s (+S) (+A), whose reference is known for speaker and for addressee, (+S) (-A), whose reference is known for speaker, but unknown for addressee, (-S) (-A), whose reference is unknown for speaker and for addressee, in the subject, object and predicate; already the definite and indefinite articles e Ø they are variant combinatories, since it did not have indefinite article occurrences in NP\'s (+S) (+A) in the subject posiction, as well as they had not appeared definite and indefinite articles, in the position of predicate, in NP\'s (+S) (-A) e (-S) (-A).
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Leem, Jaiho. "Les "petites propositions" en français contemporain : syntaxe et interprétation." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100039.
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Cette thèse concerne un certain nombre de problèmes touchant les "petites propositions" en français contemporain. Les conclusions de notre étude menée dans le cadre théorique de la "théorie spatiale de la syntaxe" sont entre autres les suivantes (I) La phrase n'est pas par définition verbale : elle peut être non seulement verbale, mais aussi nominale (S --> GNGV ou GN-GPréd (Préd est non verbal)). (II) La petite proposition n'est rien d'autre que la phrase nominale. Celle-ci peut apparaître sous la forme indépendante dans un contexte spécifique tel qu'un titre d'article du journal, et dans ce cas, elle s'organise dans le domaine syntaxique Sn(ominal). La phrase nominale peut occuper aussi la position syntaxique réservée au complément du verbe (la phrase nominale peut occuper soit la position GN du complément proche du verbe soit la position Sn du complément éloigné du verbe) ou la position GN du complément de la préposition avec dans la construction absolue introduite par cette préposition. Pourtant, la phrase nominale ne peut occuper la position de sujet d'une phrase. (III) Lorsque la position de sujet de la petite proposition est vide, la copule peut se présenter optionnellement dans cette position. C'est un élément redondant, mais son apparition peut produire un effet sémantique. (IV) Le manque du temps autonome dans la petite proposition est la conséquence de l'absence de la position GV dans la forme de la phrase nominale. Dépourvue de forme temporelle du verbe, la petite proposition est associée à l'interprétation "purement" prédicative. L'interprétation prédicative associée à la petite proposition est la propriété domaniale de S ou GN réalisée avec le concours des membres de ce domaine qui sont juxtaposés. (V) Il y a des constructions qui sont associées à l'interprétation prédicative sans constituer une unité syntaxique (ex. Le système de complémentation appelé par le verbe trouver). Ces constructions s'organisent dans un "domaine syntaxique purement domanial"This dissertation is concerned with small clauses in contemporary French. The conclusions of our study in the framework of the `spatial theory of syntax' are among other things as follows :(I) The sentence is not verbal by definition : it can be verbal, but nominal as well (i. E. S --> NP-VP or NP-Pred(icate)P (Pred is not verbal)). (II) Small clauses are nominal sentences. They can occur as independent clauses in specific contexts such as newspaper headlines or rudimentary speech, and in this case, they are organized in the Sn(ominal) syntactic domain. Also, nominal sentenses can occupy the verb complement position (more precisely, they can occupy either verb 'near complement' position (NP), or verb `distant complement' position (Sn}) and the complement position of the preposition avec (NP) in the absolute construction introduced by this preposition. On the other hand, nominal sentences cannot occupy the subject position of a sentence. (III) When the subject position of a small clause is empty, the copula may fill this position. It is a redundant element, but its presence can produce a semantic effet. (IV) The absence of the autonomous tense in small clauses is a consequence of the lack of the VP position in the structure of nominal sentences. This is why small clauses are associated with a “purely” predicative interpretation. As for the predicative interpretation associated with small clauses, it is the property of the domain S or NP achieved by the members of this domain which constitute the structural order of juxtaposition. (V) The agreement observed in small clauses is the morphological form marking the predication relation between two members of small clauses, subject and predicate. (VI) There are constructions associated with the predicative interpretation which don't form a constituent (e. G. The complement structure of the verb trouver). These constructions are organized in the “purely domanial syntactic domain”
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Silva, Fernando Gomes da. "Alagoanos em São Paulo e a concordância de número." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-15052015-094014/.
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Este trabalho analisa, de acordo com as premissas teórico-metodológicas da Sociolinguística Variacionista (Labov 1972:[2008]), como se dá a concordância nominal de número (CN) na fala de alagoanos estabelecidos na cidade de São Paulo, em comparação com a fala de paulistanos. A análise multivariada é feita com as ocorrências de sintagmas nominais simples (constituídos de dois elementos), como as pessoa-s/ø. O objetivo principal é verificar quais são os fatores linguísticos e sociais que concorrem para a realização da CN nesses dois subgrupos de falantes. Os dados foram extraídos de 24 entrevistas sociolinguísticas com paulistanos e 24 com alagoanos que vivem na capital paulista. Ambas subamostras são definidas pelas mesmas variáveis sociais: sexo/gênero, faixas etárias e escolaridade. Os resultados indicam que a taxa de não realização da concordância (CN-Ø) entre alagoanos e paulistanos é praticamente a mesma. Em ambas as subamostras, os fatores sociais mostraram-se mais significativos, uma vez que todos foram selecionados para os dois grupos de falantes, com os maiores ranges. As mulheres são as mais sensíveis à variante de prestígio; no entanto, as alagoanas apresentam percentual um pouco maior de CN-Ø (23%) do que as paulistanas (17%). Não há indicativo de mudança em progresso: em ambos os subgrupos, a segunda faixa etária é a que desfavorece CN-Ø. Já para escolaridade, trata-se de um grupo de fatores mais significativo para paulistanos do que para alagoanos. Quanto aos fatores linguísticos, Classe de palavra do elemento nuclear, Processo de formação de plural do elemento nuclear e Número de sílaba do elemento não-nuclear se mostraram mais significativos. Da perspectiva da concordância nominal de número, esta dissertação mostra que alagoanos e paulistanos se assemelham mais do que se diferenciam. Nesse sentido, pode ser que façam parte de uma mesma comunidade de fala (Labov 1972 [2008]), 1996 [2006], Guy 1981 mas isso só poderá ser confirmado por estudos futuros, que se dedicarem a outras variáveis na fala destes e de outros grupos de falantes migrantes para a cidade de São Paulo.Within the framework of variationist Sociolinguistics (Labov, 1972 [2008]), this master thesis analyzes variable number agreement within the nominal phrase (NP), in the Portuguese spoken in the city of São Paulo by Alagoanos (migrants from the northeastern state of Alagoas) and by Paulistanos (those born and raised in the city). The multivariate analysis focuses on two-word plural NPs, such as as pessoas/ø the persons. The main goal is to verify what linguistic and social factors condition the variable in use, in a comparison between these two groups of speakers. The data was extracted from 24 sociolinguistic interviews with Alagoanos and 24 with Paulistanos. Both samples are stratified by the same social variables: sex/gender, age group and level of education. Results indicate that the frequency of CN-Ø (that is, lack of agreement) is approximately the same for both groups of speakers. In both, social factors are more significant than linguistic factors, since all of the social ones included in the analysis were selected as statistically significant. Women disfavor CN-Ø (a generally stigmatized form), although the agreement is more frequent among Alagoanas than among Paulistanas. Theres no indication of change in progress: for both groups of speakers, the intermediate age group disfavors CN-Ø. As for level of education, it is more significant for Paulistanos than for Alagoanos. Among the linguistic factors, the class of the nuclear word, the morphology of plural, and the number of syllables of the NP left element were the ones selected as statistically significant This thesis shows that, from the perspective of number agreement within the NP, Alagoanos and Paulistanos are more similar than different. Therefore, they could be part of a same speech community (Labov 1972 [2008], Guy 1981) in the city something that should be discussed by further research, including other linguistic variables and groups of speakers.
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Lafkioui, Mena. "Syntaxe intégrée de l'énoncé non-verbal berbère : Rifain d'Ayt Wayagher, Maroc du Nord." Paris, INALCO, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INAL0006.
Full textAbstract:
Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une analyse syntaxique de l'énoncé non-verbal berbère, et en particulier de l'énoncé non-verbal rifain, qui fait intervenir de façon systématique les outils de la sémantique et de la pragmatique. Car seule cette approche permet d'explorer de façon adéquate et approfondie les matériaux empiriques. Nous développons donc pendant cette recherche une approche particulière, à laquelle nous attribuons le nom de syntaxe intégrée. Cette analyse n'essaie pas seulement d'articuler la syntaxe sur d'autres plans linguistiques, mais également sur la réalité extra-linguistique, comme le canal gestuel ou postural, la mimique, la situation d'énonciation. . . Par conséquent, cette étude a comme caractéristique d'être pluridimensionnelle. Et puisqu'elle se fonde entièrement sur un corpus d'enregistrements authentiques, nous pourrions aussi la qualifier d'empirico-déductive. Dans cette recherche l'énoncé non-verbal du rifain est examiné en détail aussi bien que celui du touareg, du kabyle, du tamazight et du chleuh. L'objectif est d'arriver, sur le plan syntaxique, à une comparaison dialectale globale qui permet d'établir une typologie formelle et fonctionnelle qui pourrait prendre une place dans le système linguistique berbèreIn this doctorate thesis, we present a syntactic analysis of the Berber non verbal utterance - and in particular the Rifinian non verbal utterance - which appeal systematically to semantic and pragmatic media. Because, only this approach allow an adequate and profound study of the empirical material acquired from a series of representative investigations (field research) over the Rif territory. So we develop during this research a particular approach called integrate syntax. This analysis integrates not only concepts and methods of the linguistic domains mentioned up here, but also the extra-linguistical context like the immediate utterance situation, the corporal language. . . In consequence, we qualify the analysis of our object as pluridimensional. And seeing that this research is based on a systematic and precise description of the empirical data, we can also qualify it as empirico-deductive. We also treat in this study the non-verbal utterance of other Berber variants, such as Tamasheq, Taqbaylit, Tamazight and Tashelhit, in order that we could come to a global dialectical comparison that permits to establish a formal and functional typology, which could take a place in the linguistic system of Berber
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Botha, Yolande Vanessa. "Specification in the English nominal group with reference to student writing / Yolande Vanessa Botha." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8242.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis the structure of the nominal group in Black South African English (BSAfE)
is investigated by means of a comparison of data from the Tswana Learner English
Corpus (TLEC) and the Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays (LOCNESS). Both
corpora consist of student essays and are sub-corpora of the International Corpus of
Learner English (ICLE). The TLEC represents a non-native variety of English, namely
BSAfE, while LOCNESS represents native English from the United States and the
United Kingdom.
In the existing literature there are observations about and examples of (non-standard)
characterizing features of BSAfE pertaining to nouns, determiners and quantifiers (e.g.
Gough 1996), but until now, no in-depth study of the grammar of the nominal group in
BSAfE has been undertaken. This study is an attempt to fill that gap. I present a
description of the grammatical features of BSAfE observed in the corpus data in terms
of linguistic functions and without assuming that they are errors or evidence of
deficiencies. Though the approach is comparative (in the sense that a control corpus is
used), it is primarily descriptive and non-normative, and as such, function-based. This
study is conducted within the theoretical framework of functional linguistics, drawing on
systemic functional linguistics as well as other functional and cognitive approaches to
language.
The specifying functions that the nominal group and its elements may fulfill form the
basis of the descriptive framework. These functions are (1) the type-specifying function
of the noun, (2) the (referent-)specifying function of the determiner, (3) quantification
and (4) quality specification by modifiers and complements. The type-specifying
function of the noun is particularly relevant in Chapter 4, which deals with the
grammatical patterns of the noun people, although it also informs analyses in Chapters
5 and 6 which deal with determiners and quantification respectively. Quality
specification is especially relevant in the description of the grammatical patterns of the
noun people.
The noun people is the most frequent noun in each of the corpora, but is at the same
time a positive keyword in the TLEC, which means that it occurs much more frequently
in the TLEC than in LOCNESS. Analysis of the full corpus concordances of this noun
provides much evidence of anti-deletion in BSAfE (as first postulated by Mesthrie, 2006) and also sheds some light on left dislocation patterns involving the noun people
(cf. Mesthrie, 1997). This analysis also reveals unique uses of the definite article and
certain quantifying constructions in the TLEC data, which are investigated in the next
two analysis chapters.
A comparison of concordance samples of the articles indicates that the
definite/indefinite distinction is made in both corpora and that there is not enough
corpus evidence to postulate that there is a different system underlying the choice of
article in BSAfE, such as a system based principally on the specific/non-specific
distinction, as postulated by Platt, Weber and Ho (1984) for New Englishes in general.
Analysis of the concordances of demonstrative and possessive determiners indicate
that these determiners are used proportionally more frequently in the TLEC than in
LOCNESS. Concordances of the words that are normally classified as quantifiers
indicate that there are many more partitive-of quantifying constructions in the TLEC
than in LOCNESS. The words some and most are positive keywords in the TLEC.
After analyses of their concordances, it is concluded that their relative frequency can
be attributed to the fact that some is often used merely as an indefinite marker and that
most is often used as a synonym for many.
The study shows that BSAfE largely shares its general grammar of the nominal group
with other (including native) varieties of English, but at a finer level of analysis, some
characteristic constructions and uses are detected. The corpus data indicate that the
unique constructions in the TLEC data are mostly functionally motivated. These
constructions represent conventionalized innovations in the sense used by Van Rooy
(2010), rather than mere language learning errors.Thesis (PhD (Linguistics and Literary Theory))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
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Mignon, Françoise. "La phrase négative averbale : approche énonciative de non et pas dans des textes de théâtre." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20092.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse propose une description des morphèmes de négation non et pas en contexte averbal, à travers une comparaison de leurs occurrences dans trois pièces de théâtre contemporain (Beckett, Koltès, Gabily). Définie comme acte de rejet, la négation engage le locuteur dans sa relation au monde et à ses interlocuteurs. Nous cherchons alors à appréhender la capacité de non à faire phrase et la participation de pas à l'élaboration d'une phrase sans verbe. Dans l'analyse du corpus, nous examinons non et pas d'abord séparément pour mettre en évidence leurs spécificités. Nous comparons ensuite leurs propriétés dans les séquences [NegP mais Q] où ils alternent plus librement : l'emploi de pas indique une coordination énonciative et celui de non une subordination énonciative. L'étude insiste sur le fait que ces phrases négatives averbales relèvent d’une "expression négative" plutôt que d'un jugement assertif, non se distinguant par sa capacité à suspendre le débat en coursMy study proposes a description of negation markers non (no) and pas (not) in an averbal context, through a comparison of their utterances in three contemporary theatre plays (Beckett, Koltès, Gabily). Defined as an act of rejection, negation means that the speaker is committed to his relation to the world and his co-speakers. The aim is to study the capacity of non to account for a sentence, and of pas to participate in the elaboration of a sentence with no verb. In the analysis of the corpus, non and pas are first examined separately, in order to draw up their characteristics. Their properties are then compared in sequences [NegP mais (but) Q], in which they alternate more freely : the use of pas marks an enunciative coordination and the use of non an enunciative subordination. The study stresses that such averbal negative sentences relate to a "negative expression" rather than an assertive judgment – no showing a special ability to suspend an ongoing debate
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Park, Young-Ok. "L'ordre des éléments de la phrase en coréen : esquisse de syntaxe énonciative." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL3001/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’enjeu de la présente étude est de montrer que l'ordre des mots acquiert un rôle métalinguistique important dans le système des opérations internes de la langue : il connote la manière de penser le monde phénoménal. Pour cette étude sur le coréen, la théorie que nous avons choisie est la systématique énonciative. Cette théorie met en œuvre une analyse qui ne sépare pas le Discours des conditions linguistiques de sa production. Dépassant le cadre d’une systématique des langues, elle rappelle qu’un énoncé n'est jamais isolé du contexte linguistique et situationnel où se trouve le sujet parlant. Nous commencerons par l’observation de l'énoncé fondamental, afin de dégager ses unités constitutives fonctionnelles ; en d’autres termes, nous adopterons la démarche sémasiologique, mais à partir des conditions d'énonciation et de la situation de production de l'énoncé. Nous examinerons ensuite l'ordre interne des éléments de l'unité constitutive fonctionnelle, qui relève aussi bien du domaine morpho-syntaxique que sémantique. Nous verrons que l’ordre à l’intérieur du syntagme et le choix du mot formel en coréen constituent un mécanisme majeur de la syntaxe coréenne, mécanisme qui dépend de la visée d’effet du locuteur. Si chaque langue a sa manière d’organiser les éléments au sein d’une unité donnée, c’est que chaque langue analyse à sa façon la perception du monde expérientiel. Quel est alors l’ordre prescrit par le système linguistique du coréen, au niveau du mot, du syntagme et de la phrase ? Quelle est la liberté de manœuvre du locuteur au moment de la construction de la phrase dans l’acte de langage ? C’est à ces deux questions que ce travail a tenté d’apporter une réponse. La présente étude comporte quatre parties. La première partie propose d’examiner la structure de l’énoncé : de l’énoncé au syntagme. La deuxième partie explique la disposition des constituants dans l’énoncé. La troisième partie étudie l’ordre des éléments au sein du syntagme nominal, en fonction de la place du déterminant. Cela concerne la logique combinatoire du mot matériel et du mot formel qui relève essentiellement de la syntaxe interne d’une unité constitutive fonctionnelle de l'énoncé. Enfin, la quatrième partie se consacre à une syntaxe de l’adverbe, basée sur sa mobilité au sein de l’énoncé, mobilité qui affecte l’incidence adverbialeThe aim of this study is to show how, in deep structure operations, word order in Korean takes on an important metalinguistic dimension, affecting the way the speakers see the world. Guillaume's psycho-mechanical theory, insofar as it does not cut off the speech act from the speaker and the context of communication is particularly well-equipped to examine this question.The study starts with the identification of the immediate constituents of the simple sentence in Korean (semasiological approach). Next, with a view to highlighting the morpho-syntactical and semantic organization of the language, the variations in meaning obtained by the different internal ordering of each functional constituent unit is examined at word level, at phrase level and at sentence level. To what extent is the speaker free to choose the order in which he arranges the elements of the sentence he instantiates in the speech act? These are just some of the questions that this study tries to answer. This study comprises four parts. The first examines the structure of Korean sentence: from the sentence to the phrase. The second focuses on the disposition of sentence constituents. The third part investigates the order of the constituents within the noun phrase, comparing relative positions of the determinant in the phrase. This relates to the rules governing the combination of lexical words and grammatical words; this sheds light on the internal syntax of each functional constituent of the utterance. Finally, the last part is devoted to syntax of the adverb, based on its mobility and the way that position affects adverbial incidence
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Floripi, Simone Azevedo. "Estudo da variação do determinante em sintagmas nominais possessivos na historia do Portugues." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269032.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Charlotte Marie Chambelland GalvesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T22:01:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Floripi_SimoneAzevedo_D.pdf: 1875269 bytes, checksum: b059fb7e8167a29ea9a32a008e7fa4fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Esta tese tem por objetivo descrever e analisar, dentro de uma perspectiva diacrônica, a variação do uso do determinante em estruturas com sintagmas nominais (DP) possessivos em 23 textos de autores portugueses nascidos desde o século 16 ao século 19. No período investigado, o emprego do artigo mostrava-se variável, passando, no decorrer dos séculos, para uma obrigatoriedade que se manifesta nos dias de hoje nesse contexto. Esta pesquisa, buscará determinar os contextos afetados pela mudança e delinear uma análise para os fenômenos envolvidos. Como arcabouço teórico utilizaremos uma abordagem minimalista (Chomsky (1995), Kayne (1994) e Schoorlemmer (1998)), tendo como pressupostos teóricos o Modelo de Princípios e Parâmetros. Sobre as características do Português Europeu moderno, período final da mudança investigada, utilizaremos as investigações de Castro (2001, 2006), Castro e Costa (2002), Miguel (2002, 2004) e Brito (2001, 2007) sobre o sintagma possessivo. Os textos utilizados como base de investigação para esta pesquisa diacrônica foram selecionados do Corpus Anotado do Português Histórico Tycho Brahe que se encontram disponíveis na internet no site: www.ime.usp.br/~tycho/corpus. Para o levantamento de dados serão utilizados os textos disponíveis do Corpus Tycho Brahe, pois, assim, poderemos tratar quantitativamente de objetos mais complexos, tanto do ponto de vista do fenômeno envolvido quanto do período considerado; e, com base nesse tratamento quantitativo, faremos uma análise qualitativa sustentável
Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to describe and investigate, within a diachronic perspective, the use of the determiner in possessive noun phrases in 23 Portuguese authors born between the 16th and the 19th century. During the period considered, the use of the article was variable, becoming obligatory at some point, as it can be observed nowadays in European Portuguese. This research will try to verify the contexts affected by the change and to propose an analysis for the observed facts. We adopt a minimalist approach based on Chomsky (1995), Kayne (1994) and Schoorlemmer (1998) within the Principles and Parameters Model. In order to explore the modern European Portuguese characteristics, corresponding to the last stage of the change investigated, we use the analyses by Castro (2001, 2006), Castro e Costa (2002), Miguel (2002, 2004) and Brito (2001, 2007). For our description and analysis, we use literary texts drawn from the Corpus Anotado do Português Histórico Tycho Brahe, which are freely available at www.ime.usp.br/~tycho/corpus
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
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Li, Yan. "Autour des syntagmes nominaux sémantiquement pluriels en chinois mandarin et de leurs interprétations collective et distributive." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC260.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude des syntagmes nominaux sémantiquement pluriels en chinois mandarin et aux interprétations collective et distributive qui leur sont associées. Elle offre une analyse des formes de pluralité suivantes : le syntagme coordonne par gen, les nominaux modifiés par le suffixe -men, ainsi que les sujets ou les objets des groupes verbaux modifies par quan (‘tout’-flottant). A propos du syntagme coordonne par gen, nous montrons que la conjonction gen dans le syntagme ‘A gen B’ lexicalise une contrainte de pluralité nominale par le biais de restrictions sur les conjoints. Notre argument est bâti sur trois points principaux, à savoir que la catégorie des conjoints est nécessairement [+N], que le syntagme coordonne par gen n’introduit que des individus pluriels dans le discours et que ce syntagme porte la valeur sémantique pluriel [+Pl]. Nous passons aussi en revue différents types de prédicats afin de retracer la distribution des interprétations collective et distributive des syntagmes coordonnés par gen. Ensuite, nous nous penchons sur le suffixe -men et sur l’expression formée par ce suffixe et un nom commun ou un nom propre. Notre examen couvre principalement deux questions, celle de la nature de -men et celle de la (in)définitude de l’expression suffixée par -men en mandarin. Nous soutenons que -men n’est pas un marqueur collectif mais plutôt un marqueur pluriel. Cependant, ce marqueur n’est pas obligatoire, à la différence des marqueur du pluriel tels que -s dans les langues occidentales, le mandarin étant une langue à classificateur. Quant à l’(in)définitude de l’expression suffixée par -men, nous admettons que c’est un pluriel défini, mais ceci du fait que -men ne s’attache qu’aux pronoms personnels et aux noms d’humains, noms qui occupent le hautde la hiérarchie d’animacité. Donc l’expression suffixée par -men hériterait de la définitude en partie de la nature de son domaine fortement individué. Enfin, nous nous intéressons a l’interprétation distributive des syntagmes nominaux dans la phrase ou figure l’adverbe quan (‘tout’-flottant). Nous affirmons que quan impose la lecture distributive de manière autonome et nous en proposons une analyse en tant que modificateur de prédicat d’évènement. Quan cible un nominal relie par un θ-rôle et encapsule dans ce rôle l’instruction de distribution. La distributivité renforcée par quan implique une relation distributive entre deux entités : le nominal qui est sémantiquement pluriel et l’évènement plurielThe thesis invested the research on the semantically plural nominal phrases in Mandarin Chinese and on their collectif and distributif interpretations. It offered an analysis of the following form of pluralities : the coordinated phrase with gen, the nominals modified by the suffix -men, and the subjects or the objects of the VP modified by quan (the floating quantifier). Concerning the coordinated phrase with gen, we will show that the conjunction gen of the phrase ‘A gen B’ lexicalize the constraint of the plurality via the restrictions on the conjoint elements. Our argument is mainly based on three points : 1) the category of the conjuncts is necessarily [+N] ; 2) coordinated phrases with gen introduce only the plural individuals in the discourse and 3) this nominal phrase characterizes the semantic plural value [+Pl]. We will also examine the different types of predicates in order to retrace thedistribution of collective and distributive interpretations of the coordinated phrases with gen. Then, we look into the suffix –men and the expressions formed by this suffix and a common noun or a proper noun. The investigation will mainly concern two questions : the question of the nature of –men and the question of the (in)definitude of the expressions suffixed by –men in Mandarin Chinese. We will argue that –men is not a collectif marker, but preferably a plural marker. However, different from plural markers in the western languages for exemple –s, the marker –men in Mandarin Chinese which is typically a classifer language, is not obligatory. Regarding the (in)definitude of the expressions suffixed by -men, we will admit that they are definite plurals, because of the fact that –men attaches only to only to personal pronouns and humain nouns, the nouns which occupy a high hierarchy of animacity. In consequence, the expressions suffixed by –men partly inherit the definitude of the nature of its considerably individuated domain. Finally, we are interested in the distributive interpretation of the nominal phrases in the sentences wherethe adverbial quan (the floating quantifier) appeares. We will claim that quan imposes the distributive reading in an autonomous manner and we will put forward an analysis of adverbial quan as a modifier of event predicate. Quan targets nominals linked by θ-roles and encapsulate in this role the instruction of distribution. The distributivity reinforced by quan involves a distributive relation between two entities : the nominal which is semantically plural and the plural event