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Journal articles on the topic 'Phthalonitrile'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Mori, Satoru, Naoya Ogawa, Etsuko Tokunaga, and Norio Shibata. "Synthesis and optical properties of trifluoroethoxy-substituted double-decker phthalocyanines." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 18, no. 10n11 (2014): 1034–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424614500862.

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The synthesis of trifluoroethoxy-substituted double-decker phthalocyanines was investigated for the first time. Trifluoroethoxy-substituted phthalonitriles reacted with lanthanide acetylacetonate hydrate in n-octanol in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene when refluxed. La and Eu were chosen as central metals. Phthalonitriles, including one trifluoroethoxy substituent at the α- or β-position, were nicely induced to double-decker phthalocyanines. Phthalonitrile having two trifluoroethoxy substituents at α-positions did not react, although we succeeded in leading β-di-substituted

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2

Crucius, Göran, Michael Hanack та Thomas Ziegler. "Synthesis and characterization of [1,4-bis(α,β-galactopyranos-6-yl)phthalocyaninato]zinc(II)". Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 17, № 08n09 (2013): 807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424613500387.

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Herein we present the synthesis and full characterization of the water-soluble [1,4-bis(α,β-galactopyranos-6-yl)phthalocyaninato]zinc(II) (8). For a cross-condensation with phthalonitrile in presence of zinc bromide, bisglycosylated phthalonitrile (5) has been synthesized by nucleophilic displacement of triflyl groups or fluorine atoms by acetonide protected galactose in the appropriated phthalonitriles 1 and 2. Furthermore we prepared 3,6-bis(1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactopyranos-6-yl)phthalonitrile (5) starting from 2,3-dicyanohydroquinone and 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galacto

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3

Causey, Patrick W., Igor Dubovyk, and Clifford C. Leznoff. "Syntheses and characterization of phthalonitriles and phthalocyanines substituted with adamantane moieties." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, no. 10 (2006): 1380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-096.

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The reaction of 3,4,5,6-tetrafluorophthalonitrile with 1-adamantanol, 1-adamantylamine, 1-adamantanemethanol, and 1-adamantaneethanol gave 4,5-di-(1-adamantyloxy)-3,6-difluorophthalonitrile, 4,5-di-(1-adamantylamino)-3,6-difluorophthalonitrile, 4-(1-adamantylamino)-3,5,6-trifluorophthalonitrile, 3,4,5,6-tetra-(1-adamantylmethoxy)phthalonitrile, and 3,4,5,6-tetra-(1-adamantylethoxy)phthalonitrile, respectively. The conversion of these tetrasubstituted phthalonitriles to magnesium, nickel, and metal-free phthalocyanines was demonstrated. These highly hindered phthalocyanines exhibited interestin

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4

Vashurin, Artur, Vladimir Maizlish, Ilya Kuzmin, et al. "Symmetrical and difunctional substituted cobalt phthalocyanines with benzoic acids fragments: Synthesis and catalytic activity." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 21, no. 01 (2017): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s108842461750002x.

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Difunctional and symmetric phthalonitriles were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of brome and nitro-group in 4-bromo-5-nitro-phthalonitrile for residues 4-amino-, 4-hydroxyl- and 4-sulfanyl benzoic acid. Symmetrical and difunctional substituted cobalt phthalocyanines were obtained by template synthesis based on mentioned phthalonitriles. Their spectral properties and catalytic activity in aerobic oxidation of sodium [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]-carbomoditiolate were investigated.

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5

LEZNOFF, CLIFFORD C., ANNA M. D'ASCANIO, and S. ZEKI YILDIZ. "Phthalocyanine formation using metals in primary alcohols at room temperature." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 04, no. 01 (2000): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(200001/02)4:1<103::aid-jpp209>3.0.co;2-e.

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Lithium metal added to a solution of 4-neopentoxyphthalonitrile in 1-octanol or other long-chain primary alcohols at room temperature resulted in phthalocyanine formation at a reasonable rate in good yield, while preformed lithium 1-octanolate under the same conditions gave 2,9,16,23-tetraneopentoxyphthalocyanine, but in lower yield at a slower rate. The use of lower-molecular-weight alcohols slowly gave a phthalocyanine in lower yields. Reverse micelle formation when using long-chain alcohols is proposed as a possibility for enhanced phthalocyanine formation at room temperature. 2,9,16,23-Tet

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6

Znoiko, S. A., M. S. Kuzmina, V. E. Maizlish, G. N. Koshel, and N. V. Lebedeva. "Nucleophilic substitution in 4-bromo-5-nitrophthalodinitrile: XVIII. Synthesis and spectral properties of octasubstituted zinc phthhalocyanines with cyclohexylphenol moieties." Журнал общей химии 93, no. 7 (2023): 1098–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044460x23070144.

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Using 4-bromo-5-nitro- and 4,5-dichlorophthalonitriles, substituted phthalonitriles containing a fragment of 2-cyclohexylphenol and nitro- or 1-benzotriazolyl groups, as well as phthalonitrile containing two 2-cyclohexylphenoxy groups, were synthesized. Tetramerization of these precursors with zinc acetate hexahydrate gave the corresponding octa-substituted zinc phthalocyanines. Their spectral properties were studied.

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7

Al-Raqa, Shaya Y. "Synthesis, photochemical and photophysical properties of novel unsymmetrically substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 10, no. 01 (2006): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424606000077.

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The synthesis of three novel unsymmetrical free base, zinc(II) phthalocyanine derivatives obtained from 3,6-di-(thiophen-3-yl)phthalonitrile and 3,6-didecylphthalonitrile are described. The synthesis of novel 3,6-substituted phthalonitriles bearing heteroaromatic derivatives were achieved through Suzuki-coupling reaction by treatment of 3,6-di(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)phthalonitriles and heteroaromatic boronic acids. Two of the newly synthesized complexes showed a high efficiency against a model biological substrate, such as N-acetyl-L-tryptophanamide NATA, and shows a high singlet oxygen q

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8

Bulgakov, BA, AV Sulimov, AV Babkin, et al. "Phthalonitrile-carbon fiber composites produced by vacuum infusion process." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 30 (2017): 4157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317699452.

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High-temperature carbon fiber-reinforced plastics based on phthalonitrile resins are obtained for the first time by vacuum infusion process. For this purpose, formulations based on low-melting bis(3-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenyl) phenyl phosphate monomer in combination with 1,3-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzene and 4-[3-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenoxy]benzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile were developed. Resin viscosities η ≤ 600 mPa·s were suitable for VIP and at the same time the thermal and mechanical properties of the cured matrices were in high level featured to phthalonitriles (HDT ≥ 420℃, E ≥ 5.1 GPa). CFRP

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9

Chen, Xinggang, Jiayu Liu, Zhenjie Xi, et al. "Synthesis and thermal properties of high temperature phthalonitrile resins cured with self-catalytic amino-contanining phthalonitrle compounds." High Performance Polymers 29, no. 10 (2016): 1209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008316673419.

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A series of self-catalytic phthalonitrile compounds with o-, m-, and p- amino groups, namely, 4-(2-aminophenoxy)phthalonitrile (2-NH2-CN), 4-(3-aminophenoxy)phthalonitrile (3-NH2-CN), and 4-(4-aminophenoxy)phthalonitrile (4-NH2-CN), were synthesized via a facile nucleophilic displacement of a nitro-substituent with 4-nitrophthalonitrile. The phthalonitrile resins were prepared by curing 2-NH2-CN, 3-NH2-CN, and 4-NH2-CN with 1,3-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy) benzene ( m-BDB). The structures of these compounds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic reson

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10

Wang, Guangxing, Ying Guo, Yue Han, et al. "Enhanced properties of phthalonitrile resins reinforced by novel phthalonitrile-terminated polyaryl ether nitrile containing fluorene group." High Performance Polymers 32, no. 1 (2019): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008319847259.

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Novel phthalonitrile resins (BPAPNs) were prepared by blending phthalonitrile-terminated oligomeric polyaryl ether nitrile, 4,4′-(1,3-phenylenebis(oxy))diphthalonitrile (PN), and 4-amino-4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenyl. The curing behavior of the blends was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and rheology measurements. Additionally, quartz fiber-reinforced composites were prepared by hot-pressing process. Thermal stability and mechanical properties of cured phthalonitrile resins and composites were characterized and discussed. Compared with that

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11

Dominguez, Dawn D., and Teddy M. Keller. "Properties of phthalonitrile monomer blends and thermosetting phthalonitrile copolymers." Polymer 48, no. 1 (2007): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2006.11.003.

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12

Pelmuş, Marius, Jeffrey G. Raab, Hemantbhai H. Patel, et al. "Electronic, molecular, and solid-state structural effects of strong electron withdrawing and donating groups in functionalized fluorophthalonitriles." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 25, no. 03 (2021): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424621500164.

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Perfluoro phthalonitrile substituted separately with perfluoroalkyl (EWG) and NH2, NHMe, and NMe2 (EDG) groups generate a series of aromatic C-H bonds-free nitriles that can now lose electrons, whose HOMO–LUMO gap is narrowed by EDG beyond the level induced by EWG, and whose dipole moments double. Molecular parameters vary linearly with Hammett’s free-energy constants, their electronic underpinning being uncovered by DFT calculations. The phthalonitriles’ assembling in solid-state structures is determined by forces that transition from van der Waals, in the case of EWG, to H-bonding and/or [Fo

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13

Mulholland, Katie D., Sangbin Yoon, Christopher C. Rennie, et al. "Iridium-catalysed 3,5-bis-borylation of phthalonitrile enables access to a family of C4h octaarylphthalocyanines." Chemical Communications 56, no. 60 (2020): 8452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc03161e.

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3,5-Bis(Bpin)phthalonitrile is a divergent intermediate of regioregular C<sub>4h</sub> 1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-octaarylphthalocyanines that can be synthesised by Ir-catalysed C–H bis-borylation of phthalonitrile.

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14

Leznoff, Clifford C., and Bohdan Suchozak. "Octaarylethynyl and octaarylbutadiynyl phthalocyanines." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 5-6 (2001): 878–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-186.

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4,5-Diphenylethynylphthalonitrile, 4,5-di(p-tert-butylphenylethynyl)phthalonitrile, 4,5-di(p-neopentoxyphenylethynyl)phthalonitrile, and 4,5-di(p-neopentoxyphenyl-1,3-butadiynyl)phthalonitrile were prepared via 4,5-diiodophthalonitrile and the appropriate alkyne in palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. Condensation of the above alkynylphthalonitriles with lithium 1-octanolate in 1-octanol afforded the desired polyalkynylphthalocyanines, but only 2,3,9,10,16,17,22,23-octa (p-neopentoxyphenylethynyl)phthalocyanine and 2,3,9,10,16,17, 22,23-octa (p-neopentoxyphenylbutadnyl)phthalocyanine were s

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15

Wang, Ting, Abdul Qadeer Dayo, Zi-long Wang, et al. "Novel self-promoted phthalonitrile monomer with siloxane segments: synthesis, curing kinetics, and thermal properties." New Journal of Chemistry 46, no. 9 (2022): 4072–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj05656e.

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In the study, we synthesize a novel auto-catalytic phthalonitrile monomer containing siloxane segments and secondary amino groups. The phthalonitrile monomer has good processability. And the new polymer shows a higher Tg.

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16

Hu, Jianghuai, Yancui Liu, Yan Jiao, et al. "Self-promoted phthalimide-containing phthalonitrile resins with sluggish curing process and excellent thermal stability." RSC Advances 5, no. 21 (2015): 16199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra17306f.

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A novel unsymmetrical phthalimide-containing phthalonitrile was synthesized and showed excellent thermal properties. A nucleophilic addition mechanism was introduced to explain the different reactivities of active H-containing heterocyclic structures toward phthalonitrile.

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17

Chen, Xinggang, Yafeng Wang, Zhen Chen, Lifang Zhang, Xiaoming Sang, and Yanqing Cai. "In situ preparation and properties of phthalonitrile resin/hexagonal boron nitride composites." High Performance Polymers 32, no. 9 (2020): 1010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008320922593.

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Phthalonitrile resin/exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride ( h-BN) composites with high thermal conductivity were fabricated using a novel approach. The route included two steps, micro- h-BN was coated and dispersed by phthalonitrile monomers via the function of heterogeneous nucleation, and then micro- h-BN was exfoliated by heat release during the phthalonitrile curing process. The composites achieved a high thermal conductivity of 0.736W (m·K)−1 containing 20 wt% micro- h-BN, which is 3.17 times higher than that of pure phthalonitrile resin at 0.232W (m·K)−1. Compared to traditional routes, th

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18

Dinçer, Muharrem, Ayşen Ağar, Nesuhi Akdemir, Erbil Ağar, and Namık Özdemir. "4-(Benzyloxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 60, no. 1 (2003): o79—o80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536803027764.

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19

Çakır, Volkan. "Functional chalcone-substituted tetrakis-metallophthalocyanines: Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization." Journal of Chemical Research 44, no. 3-4 (2019): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747519819893047.

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In this study, a new phthalonitrile derivative, ( E)-4-(3-(3-(3-methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)phenoxy)phthalonitrile, and four peripherally ( E)-4-(3-(3-(3-methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)phenoxy) tetrasubstituted new Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) phthalocyanine derivatives are synthesized and characterized. ( E)-4-(3-(3-(3-Methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)phenoxy)phthalonitrile is synthesized by heating ( E)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one and 4-nitrophthalonitrile in the presence of K2CO3 in dry DMF at 60°C for 96 h. The metallophthalocyanines are prepared by cyclotetramerization of ( E)-4

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20

Zhang, Hanqi, Bing Wang, Yanna Wang, and Heng Zhou. "Novolac/Phenol-Containing Phthalonitrile Blends: Curing Characteristics and Composite Mechanical Properties." Polymers 12, no. 1 (2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010126.

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The phenol-containing phthalonitrile resin is a kind of self-curing phthalonitrile resin with high-temperature resistance and excellent properties. However, the onefold phthalonitrile resin is unattainable to cured completely, and the brittleness of the cured product is non-negligible. This paper focuses on solving the above problems by blending novolac resin into phenol-containing phthalonitrile. Under the action of abundant hydroxyl group, the initial curing temperature and gelation time at 170 °C decrease by 88 °C and 2820 s, respectively, monitored by DSC and rheological analysis. FT-IR sp

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21

Kurnosov, A. O., M. I. Vavilova, I. N. Gulyaev, and K. R. Akhmadieva. "Solution-free technology of prepreg production based on high-temperature powder phthalonitrile binding." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 4(108) (February 1, 2022): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2021-108-4-165-178.

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The article presents the results of studies of the properties of samples of powder phthalonitrile binding with different particle-size distribution. Microstructural studies of the phthalonitrile binder have been carried out. The main technologies for combining polymer binding with reinforcing fillers are described. Examples of calculating the ranges of values of the weight characteristics of prepregs are given, taking into account the possible spread of the surface density of the reinforcing filler and the selected range of the mass content of the binder. The fundamental possibility of using a

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22

Kharisov, Boris I., A. M. Medina, Javier Rivera de la Rosa, and U. Ortiz Méndez. "Use of Zeolites for Phthalocyanine Synthesis at Low Temperature." Journal of Chemical Research 2005, no. 6 (2005): 404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/0308234054506893.

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Non-substituted phthalocyanines have been synthesised starting from phthalonitrile in various non-aqueous solvents in the presence of two different zeolites of the clinoptilolite type is studied. The zeolites are shown to be effective matrices for phthalonitrile cyclisation at relatively low temperatures (0–40°C).

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23

Tempesti, Tomas C., and María T. Baumgartner. "Synthesis of phthalonitrile derivatives by photoinduced reactions. New unsymmetrical substituted zinc phthalocyanines." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 19, no. 10 (2015): 1088–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424615500844.

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The synthesis of new phthalonitrile derivatives by photoinduced reaction is described. Novel unsymmetrically substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanine bearing an aryl alcohol group (ArZnPc) was synthesized by the ring expansion reaction of boron(III) subphthalocyanine chloride with an appropriated phthalonitrile. The spectroscopic and photodynamic properties of these ArZnPc were studied.

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24

Çolak, Senem, Salih Zeki Yıldız, Nagihan Çaylak Delibaş, Hasan Pişkin, and Tuncer Hökelek. "Crystal structure of 4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)-N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]benzamide monohydrate: a phenoxyphthalonitrile derivative." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 9 (2015): 1042–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015014991.

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In the title compound, C20H20N4O2·H2O, the planes of the phenoxy and phthalonitrile rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 60.39 (5)°. The 3-(dimethylamino)propyl chain has an extended conformation and isciswith respect to the phthalonitrile ring. In the crystal, O—H...O, O—H...N and N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules to form slabs parallel to (100). There are also C—H...O and C—H...N hydrogen bonds and C—H...π interactions present within the slabs. The slabs are linked by a pair of inversion-related C—H...N hydrogen bonds, involving phthalonitrile rings, forming a three-dimensional

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25

AKTAŞ KAMİLOĞLU, Ayşe, Şahin DİREKEL, and Gonca ÇELİK. "In Vitro Leishmanicidal Activity of Different Chalcone, Phthalonitrile and Their Peripheral Tetra Zinc Phthalocyanine Derivatives." Erzincan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 15, no. 3 (2022): 802–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.1150203.

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In this study, in vitro leishmanicidal activity of different chalcone compounds (5-8), phthalonitrile derivatives (5a-8a), and zinc phthalocyanine (5b-8b) complexes bearing chalcone compound in peripheral positions were investigated. Phthalonitrile derivatives were obtained in the reaction of 4-nitrophthalonitrile with chalcone compound obtained by the reaction of acetophenone and various aldehydes. Zinc phthalocyanine complexes containing chalcone in the peripheral position were obtained as a result of the reaction of the synthesized phthalonitrile derivative with Zn(CH₃COO)₂ metal salt. The

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26

Terekhov, Vladimir E., Oleg S. Morozov, Alexander V. Babkin, Alexey V. Kepman, Viktor Vasilyvich Avdeev, and Boris A. Bulgakov. "Hybrid nitrile-based reactive diluent for phthalonitrile resins." Mendeleev Communications 35, no. 1 (2025): 112–15. https://doi.org/10.71267/mencom.7474.

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A hybrid diluent containing both phthalonitrile and benzonitrile functions was tested for improvement of phthalonitrile resin processability. The composites were obtained by the solvent-free prepreg technique and characterized by thermal and mechanical tests (σ<sub>11</sub><sup>+</sup> = 640 MPa at room temperature with 100

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27

Erden, Fuat. "Graphene Oxide/Cholesterol-Substituted Zinc Phthalocyanine Composites with Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy Properties." Materials 16, no. 22 (2023): 7060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16227060.

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In the present work, cholesterol (Chol)-substituted zinc phthalocyanine (Chol-ZnPc) and its composite with graphene oxide (GO) were prepared for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. Briefly, Chol-substituted phthalonitrile (Chol-phthalonitrile) was synthesized first through the substitution of Chol to the phthalonitrile group over the oxygen bridge. Then, Chol-ZnPc was synthesized by a tetramerization reaction of Chol-phthalonitrile with ZnCl2 in a basic medium. Following this, GO was introduced to Chol-ZnPc, and the successful preparation of the samples was verified through FT-IR, UV–Vis,

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28

Tian, Jing-Zhi, Anwar Usman, Ibrahim Abdul Razak, et al. "3-[(Diphenylmethylene)amino]phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 58, no. 2 (2002): o151—o153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536802000831.

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29

Dinçer, Muharrem, Namık Özdemir, Nesuhi Akdemir, Musa Özdil, Erbil Agˇar, and Orhan Büyükgüngör. "4-(1-Indanyloxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 60, no. 5 (2004): o896—o898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536804009699.

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30

Köysal, Yavuz, Şamil Işık, Nesuhi Akdemir, Erbil Ağar, and Cihan Kantar. "4-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenoxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 60, no. 6 (2004): o930—o931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536804010311.

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31

Yazıcı, Serap, Nesuhi Akdemir, Erbil Ağar, Musa Özil, İsmet Şenel, and Orhan Büyükgüngör. "4-(3-Pyridyloxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 60, no. 6 (2004): o1119—o1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536804010797.

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32

Erdem, Talip Kaya, Şehriman Atalay, Nesuhi Akdemir, Erbil Ağar, and Musa Özil. "4-(3-Methoxyphenylsulfanyl)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 60, no. 9 (2004): o1481—o1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536804018495.

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33

Huang, Xin, Mingfu Li, Xiangmei Lin, Hongjun Chen, and Shuifang Zhu. "4-(2-Chloroethoxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 64, no. 12 (2008): o2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536808027141.

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34

Yazıcı, Serap, Nesuhi Akdemir, Erbil Agˇar, Musa Özil, and İsmet Şenel. "4-(5-Indanyloxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 61, no. 5 (2005): o1304—o1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536805010330.

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35

Akbal, Tufan, Nesuhi Akdemir, Erbil Ağar, Cihan Kantar, and Ahmet Erdönmez. "4-(2,3,5-Trimethylphenoxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 61, no. 8 (2005): o2630—o2631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536805022592.

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36

Köysal, Yavuz, Işık Şamil, Nesuhi Akdemir, Ağar Erbil, and Vickie McKee. "4-(8-Quinolinoxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 59, no. 9 (2003): o1423—o1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536803018841.

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37

Işık, Şamil, Yavuz Köysal, Nesuhi Akdemir, Kantar Cihan, and Erbil Ağar. "4-(2-Indanoxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 59, no. 10 (2003): o1481—o1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536803019755.

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38

Karadayı, Nevzat, Şamil Işık, Nesuhi Akdemir, Erbil Ağar, and Musa Özil. "4-(4-Benzyloxyphenoxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 60, no. 2 (2004): o254—o255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160053680400114x.

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Karadayı, Nevzat, Nesuhi Akdemir, Erbil Agˇar, I. E. Gümrükçüogˇgˇlu, and Orhan Büyükgüngör. "4-(1-Naphthoxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 59, no. 7 (2003): o945—o946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160053680301225x.

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Köysal, Yavuz, Şamil Işık, Nasuhi Akdemir, Erbil Ag~ar, and Vickie McKee. "4-(2-Allylphenoxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 59, no. 8 (2003): o1183—o1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536803015769.

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Keller, Teddy M. "Imide-containing phthalonitrile resin." Polymer 34, no. 5 (1993): 952–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(93)90213-t.

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A~gar, Ayşen, and Nazan Ocak Ískeleli. "4-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 2 (2007): o712—o713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807001055.

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Ağar, Ayşen. "4-(2,3-Dimethylphenoxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 2 (2007): o883—o884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807002255.

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Ocak Ískeleli, Nazan. "4-(m-Tolyloxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 2 (2007): o997—o998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807003765.

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Kartal, Aslı, Nazan Ocak Ískeleli, Çiğdem Albayrak, Erbil Ağar, and Ahmet Erdönmez. "4-(2-Formylphenoxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 2 (2006): o548—o549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806000158.

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Işık, Şamil, and Yavuz Köysal. "4-(4-Heptyloxyphenoxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 2 (2006): o671—o672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806001656.

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Ustabaş, Reşat, Ufuk Çoruh, Nesuhi Akdemir, Erbil A~gar, and Hüseyin Kalkan. "4-(2-Naphthoxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 3 (2006): o999—o1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806004168.

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Iskeleli, Nazan Ocak, and Ayşen Ağar. "4-(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenoxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 61, no. 1 (2004): o158—o159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536804033094.

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Büyükgüngör, Orhan, Başak Koşar, Nesuhi Akdemir, Erbil Ağar, and Ismail Gümrükçüoğlu. "4-(2,6-Dimethylphenoxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 61, no. 2 (2005): o335—o336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536805001078.

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Akbal, Tufan, Nesuhi Akdemir, Erbil Ağar, Cihan Kantar, and Ahmet Erdönmez. "4-(2-Benzoylphenoxy)phthalonitrile." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 61, no. 3 (2005): o683—o684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160053680500440x.

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