Journal articles on the topic 'Phtochemica'

Aristolochia indica Linn. (Aristolochiaceae) is popularly known as Ishwari and Nakuli in Samhitha Granthas. Ishwari is used in different forms for condition like sheethajwara, sarpavisha, vrana, ekangashopha, unmada, apasmara etc. One of methods of plant wealth conservation is by promoting use of plant parts other than root in therapeutics. Flower is one such plant part which can be studied as substitute for therapeutic benefits of root. Prior to such trials such proposed substitutes must undergo various pharmacognostical, analytical, toxicological and pharmacological studies. Microscopy, phtochemical examination, HPTLC and acute toxicity studies of A. indica flowers were performed flowing standard procedure. Powder microscopy revealed some specific characters for its identification. Phytochemical study showed presence of steroid, carbohydrate, flavonoids and saponins. HPTLC fingerprint of the flowers was derived. On toxicity evaluation no adverse effects were observed on administration of powder of flower orally in rat. These diagnostic features can be used as a fingerprint for the identification and differentiation of their substitute and adulterants of the plant. As there is no toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg body weight, 1/10 of the dose i.e. 200 mg/kg can be considered as therapeutic dose for further studies on this drug.

This research is aimed to find out the extract activity dried simplisia of garlic (Allium sativum L.) as an antibacterial which is capable to inhibiting growth of Bacillus cereus bacterium, to find out the alkaloid secondary of metabolites, flavonoid, tannin and saponin that contained in dried extract of garlic and to find out a concentration that has the most antibacterial activity which is capable to inhibiting growth of Bacillus cereus bacterium. Garlic was extracted by maceration method using a solvent ethanol 96%. After the extract obtaned, then phtochemical screening and standardization test. Thickening technique by evaporation used vacum rotary evaporator until thick extarct was obtained. Antibacterial activity thest by using disk diffusion method. This research was used seven concentrations which were 20% (b/v), 30% (b/v). 40% (b/v), 50% (b/v), 60% (b/v), 80% (b/v)and100% (b/v). The result of phytochemical screening test, ethanol extract garlic (Allium sativum L.) positive contained compound alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin and tannin. Standardization of power simplisia fulfill the requirements set by Depkes RI 2000. The result of activity test of optimum antibacterial was obtained inhibitory power with the number 27 mm on 40% (b/v) concentration. This proves that garlic (Allium sativum L.) have antibacterial affects against Bacillus cereus bacterium

This research is aimed to find out the extract activity dried simplisia of garlic (Allium sativum L.) as an antibacterial which is capable to inhibiting growth of Bacillus cereus bacterium, to find out the alkaloid secondary of metabolites, flavonoid, tannin and saponin that contained in dried extract of garlic and to find out a concentration that has the most antibacterial activity which is capable to inhibiting growth of Bacillus cereus bacterium. Garlic was extracted by maceration method using a solvent ethanol 96%. After the extract obtaned, then phtochemical screening and standardization test. Thickening technique by evaporation used vacum rotary evaporator until thick extarct was obtained. Antibacterial activity thest by using disk diffusion method. This research was used seven concentrations which were 20% (b/v), 30% (b/v). 40% (b/v), 50% (b/v), 60% (b/v), 80% (b/v)and100% (b/v). The result of phytochemical screening test, ethanol extract garlic (Allium sativum L.) positive contained compound alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin and tannin. Standardization of power simplisia fulfill the requirements set by Depkes RI 2000. The result of activity test of optimum antibacterial was obtained inhibitory power with the number 27 mm on 40% (b/v) concentration. This proves that garlic (Allium sativum L.) have antibacterial affects against Bacillus cereus bacterium

Aquatic plants are float on the surface of the water and easy to continue to grow and can even be detrimental to the environment and other aquatic organisms it they have expanded, so it is necessary to use them to reduce losses. One way to use aquatic plants is to know the phytochemical compounds of these aquatic plants, so that they can be used as medicinal plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical compounds found in aquatic plants such as water eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes), genjer (Limnocharis flava) dan kiambang (Salvinia molesta). This research was conducted at the water resources management laboratory University of HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar with the extraction method from the leaves. Phytochemical test carried out consisted of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, tannins, and vitamin c. phytochemical test results of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics and vitamin c were found in the three types of leaves the aquatic plants, while saponins were not found in genjer and eceng gondok, then tannins were not found in genjer. The highest phytochemical content is found in kiambang, and the lowest phtochemical content is found in genjer plants. Furthermore, it is necessary to test the antibacterial activity of aquatic plants originating from the water of Pematangsiantar city.

Background: Darbha (Desmostachya bipinnata Stapf.) is found in the plains of India, throughout the Middle East to Indo-China, North and tropical Africa. It is a species of open habitat, arid regions with water table near surface. According to Ayurveda its roots are used in conditions such as Mootrakruchchra¸ Ashmari, Raktapitta, Pitaprakopa, etc. Aim: To investigate preliminary pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters of plant to standardize the drug. Materials and Method: Identification of the plant was done as per the standard guidelines given in the floras. Preliminary physico-chemical and phytochemical screening was done and after achieving the idea of phytoconstituents group, quantitative test of sugar content and volatile oil content and thin layer chromatography studies were carried out for different organic solvent extracts. Results: Presence of air cavities in root but their absences in stolon suggest that Darbha is a halophytic plant. Aqueous extracts showed the presence of tannins, carbohydrates and sugars. Conclusion: The findings of the study will be helpful in the identification of Darbha plant.

<em>Human&nbsp;&nbsp; beings&nbsp;&nbsp; rely&nbsp;&nbsp; heavily&nbsp;&nbsp; on&nbsp;&nbsp; medicinal&nbsp;&nbsp; plants&nbsp;&nbsp; to maintain their&nbsp; health. &nbsp;The&nbsp; pharmacological&nbsp; assessment of&nbsp;&nbsp; numerous&nbsp;&nbsp; plants&nbsp;&nbsp; utilized&nbsp;&nbsp; in&nbsp;&nbsp; Indian traditional medicine&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; is&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; becoming&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; increasingly&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; popular. The plant Cymbopogon citratus, commonly known as West Indian lemon grass or simply lemon grass,is a tropical plant native to Maritime Southeast Asia and introduced to many tropical regions Cymbopogon citratus is part of the grass family, Poaceae. In folk medicine, it has been used as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic, antiseptic and antinociceptive and antioxidant agents Due&nbsp; to&nbsp; its&nbsp; capacity&nbsp; to&nbsp; function&nbsp; as&nbsp; an antibiotic and antiseptic, it can be used to treat ringworm and athlete&#39;s foot disease. Lemongrass&nbsp; has&nbsp; a&nbsp; strong&nbsp; antimicrobial&nbsp; effect against&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; methicillin-resistant&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Staphylococcus aureus&nbsp;&nbsp; (MRSA).&nbsp;&nbsp; It&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; can&nbsp;&nbsp; help&nbsp;&nbsp; with&nbsp;&nbsp; colitis, indigestion,&nbsp; and&nbsp; gastro-enteritis.&nbsp; It&nbsp; aids&nbsp; in&nbsp; the relief&nbsp; of&nbsp; headache,&nbsp; bodily&nbsp; discomfort,&nbsp; nervous weariness,&nbsp; and&nbsp; other&nbsp; stress-related&nbsp; symptoms It&nbsp;&nbsp; has&nbsp;&nbsp; been&nbsp;&nbsp; used&nbsp;&nbsp; to&nbsp;&nbsp; treat&nbsp;&nbsp; gastrointestinal disorders. In&nbsp; cases &nbsp;of&nbsp; fever,&nbsp; a&nbsp; decoction&nbsp; of&nbsp; lemongrass leaves is used as a diaphoretic lemongrass revitalizes the body and improves overall wellness. This study deals with Extraction, Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity of Cymbopogon citratus. The leaves plant was collected and subjected to extraction in hydroalcoholic solvent. The phytochemical screening &amp; antioxidant activity was also assessed. The results showed that the percentage yields were found to be (7.21% w/w of crude drug) of Hydroalcoholic extract Cymbopogon citratus leaves. Results of Phytochemical test showed the presence of Carbohydrates, Flavonoids, Proteins &amp; Amino acids, Diterpenes and Saponins. Phenols and Alkaloid were found to absent in extract Cymbopogon citratus. The results of phytochemical revels that the all polar and Methanolic and aqueous soluble compound was found to be present in Cymbopogon citratus extract. Antioxidant activity of the samples was calculated through DPPH assay. % inhibition was calculated as an indicative of antioxidant potency. The percentage inhibition for ascorbic acid was found to be 14.23% while for Hydroalcoholic extract Cymbopogon citratus leaves the IC50 value was found to be 88.72%. Results point towards fact that Cymbopogon citratus exhibit potent antioxidant activity. </em> <strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Cymbopogon citratus, Antioxidant activity, Herbal medicines, IC50</em>

<em>Plumbago indica (Plumbaginaceae) named &ldquo;agnichita&rdquo; belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae. The family is sometimes referred to as the leadwort family or the plumbago family. Most species in this family are perennial herbaceous plants, but a few grow as shrubs. In present investigation aim to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of roots extract of Plumbago indica. In our study, there was decrease in blood glucose level was found in all treatment groups during study. Progressive decrease in blood glucose level was found in all treatment groups during study. At the end of experiment Glibenclamide 500 mcg/kgp.o., Plumbago indica 200 and 300 mg/kg/p.o. (110.00 &plusmn; 6.50; 116.00 &plusmn; 6.00 and 118.00 &plusmn; 5.50) treated group blood glucose level was decrease significantly (p&lt;0.05) at 21^st days, respectively. Impaired carbohydrate metabolism and developing insulin resistance is the main metabolic disorder in non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus leading to hyperglycemia. Altered digestion and absorption of dietary carbohydrate, depletion of glycogen storage, increased gluconeogenesis, &beta;-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance of peripheral tissue and defect in insulin signaling pathways are important causes of hyperglycemia. </em> <strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> Plumbago indica, Extraction, Phytochemical, Antidiabetic activity<strong>, </strong></em>

The preset study was framed out to evaluate the phytochemicals and the antibacterial activity of the fractions separated from crude extracts of the Terminaliachebula, Momordicacharantia, Dregeavolubilis.Methods: Phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard such as Mayer?s test, Wagner?s test, Dragendorff test, Hager?s Test, Alkaline copper test, Lead acetate test, Ferric chloride (FeCl3) test to identify the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins in the fractions separated from the above selected plants. Results: The test carried out for screening of phytochemicals was given positive. According to results we noticed the presence of different types of secondary metabolites such as Alkaloids, Phenols, Flavanoids, Tanins, Saponins, Carbohydrates, Amino acids in the leaf fractions. The fractions inhibited the growth of bacterial strains used in the study and exhibited antibacterial activity. The results were compared with standard reference drug ciprofloxacin at 10 mg/mL. Based on our results, it is noted that, the chloroform, ethanol and aqueous fractions are more active than n-hexane, toluene fractions. The least MIC value (12 and 16?g/ml) was recorded with ethanol and aqueous fractions of Momordicacharantia respectively. Conclusion: fractions of separated from theDregeavolubilis, Terminaliachebula, Momordicacharantiamedicinal plants (leaves) had significant phtochemicals which are responsible for antimicrobial activity.