Journal articles: 'Phycomycetes. Fungi'

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Singh, C. S. "Successional studied of fungi on mammalian dung." Acta Mycologica 20, no. 1 (August 20, 2014): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1984.009.

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Dung samples of nine animals were collected from different places at Gorakhpur (U.P.) and incubated for 50 days. A total of 79 fungal species comprising Phycomycetes (22), Ascomycetes (23), Basidiomycetes (6). Deuteromycetes (21), Mycelia sterilla (4) and Myxomycetes(3) were isolated from the dung these animals. Among difTcrcnt species isolated, some were found in dung of several animals while others were restricted only to the dung of a particular animal dung. During the succession, the fruitbodies of Phycomycetes appeared first, closely followed by Deuteromycetes, Ascomycetes and Basidlomycetes. Mycelia sterilia and Myxomycetes, appeared carly as well as late but persisted for a much longer time.

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C.E, Odu,, Ogbonna, C.I.C, Chukwu, O.O.C, Onyimba, I.A., and Ndirmbula, J.B.,. "Lipase Production by Some Aquatic Phycomycetes in Maiduguri a Semi-Arid Area of Nigeria." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 27 (September 30, 2017): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n27p286.

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Studies on the abilities of three species of aquatic phycomycetes isolated from the semi arid zone of Nigeria in Maiduguri, Borno State to produce lipase was carried out. The isolates included Allomyces anomalus, Allomyces arbuscular and Brevilegnia diclina. These three test aquatic phycomycetes were isolated using baiting technique with hemp seeds and pure cultures maintained on malt extract agar for lipase production. Plate assay and culture broth assay methods using mineral salts medium with tween 80 in conjunction with Olive oil and Mustard seed oil as lipase inducers were used in assessing the abilities of the isolates in producing lipase. The three isolates of aquatic phycomycetes showed via the plate assay method abilities to produce lipase with evidence of halo formation around colonies without stains and separately with intensification of halo formation with methyl red and sudan III indicators. Allomyces anomalus recorded the highest growth and halo diameter followed by Allomyces arbuscular and least by Brevilegnia diclina. Lipase level was not detectable using the culture broth method. Lipase production by aquatic phycomycetes have not been encountered from available literature, hence this preliminary result needs to be optimised fully to exploit new opportunities of lipase production from these group of aquatic fungi.

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Dore, J., and D. A. Stahl. "Phylogeny of anaerobic rumen Chytridiomycetes inferred from small subunit ribosomal RNA sequence comparisons." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 1964–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-246.

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The 18S-like rRNA sequences of four recently isolated strains of rumen anaerobic phycomycetes (Neocallimastix frontalis MCH3, Piromonas communis FL, Sphaeromonas communis FG, and Neocallimastix joyonii NJ1) were analyzed and compared to examine the phylogenetic relatedness of the four isolates to each other and to other eukaryotes. The rumen chytrids characterized demonstrated very high 18S-like rRNA sequence similarities (97–99%). They are more closely related to the true fungi than to any other eukaryotes. Key words: phylogeny, anaerobic fungi, rumen, chytrids, Chytridiomycetes, Neocallimastix.

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Sultana, Tusnim, Shamim Shamsi, and MA Bashar. "Fungi Associated With Common Spices In Bangladesh." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 40, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v40i2.46016.

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Association of fungi in chili (Capsicum fruticance L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) was investigated. A total of 19 species of fungi under ten genera and one sterile mycelial fungus was isolated from the three spices. Out of ten genera three belong to Phycomycetes, one genus belongs to Ascomycetes and rest belongs to Deuteromycetes. The most frequent contaminants of the spices were Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, A. flavus Link, Fusarium nivale, Pestalotia sp. and Rhizopus sp. Dried fruits of the spices showed maximum number of fungal association in comparison with the respective commercial brand powder samples. Out of three plant extracts. A. sativum was found to inhibit the growth of all the test isolates at all concentrations. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(2): 179-186, December 2014

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Mohanty, D., M. Dhar, and S. Dwivedi. "Mucormycosis." Tropical Doctor 40, no. 2 (March 19, 2010): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/td.2009.090209.

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Mucormycosis is an aggressive, opportunistic infection caused by fungi belonging to the class of Phycomycetes. Rhino-occulo-cerebral mucormycosis is the commonest anatomical presentation of mucormycosis and is a potentially fatal disease. We report here a case of a 65-year-old diabetic female who presented with a locally invasive type of mucormycosis and was treated successfully by surgical debridement along with medical treatment (Amphoterecin-B and insulin).

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C.E., Odu, Ogbonna C.I.C., Bukbuk D., Chukwu O.O.C., Yerima I., and Mustapha D. "The Abilities of Four Species of Nigerian Aquatic Phycomycetes to Utilize Petroleum and Petroleum Products as Sole Carbon Sources." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n3p240.

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Studies were carried out on the abilities of four aquatic phycomycetes species isolated from crude oil polluted marine , brackish and fresh water environments in Nigeria to utilize refined Petroleum and Petroleum products as sole sources of carbon. The said species of fungi included Brevilegnia indica, Protoachyla paradoxa, Saprolegnia bhargavi and Thraustotheca clavata. They were grown on fungal culture media which contained mineral salts solution, refined petroleum, kerosene and diesel as sole sources of carbon and agar as a solidifying agent. Two concentrations of each of the resulting oil agar media were used vis 1% and 2%. The resultant medium was then used to culture each of the test fungi in triplicates. The resultant culture plates were then incubated at 25 OC and left for daily observation. The test fungi that grew on each medium were observed for their abilities to emulsify the refined petroleum or its products (diesel and kerosene). Control experiments were also set up using Malt Extract Agar medium. Brevilegnia indica grew on 1% petroleum and diesel growth media but did not grow on kerosene medium. Protoachyla paradoxa grew minimally on diesel medium at 1% and 2% compositions. Saprolegnia bhargavi did not grow on the petroleum agar medium or petroleum products media. Thraustotheca clavata grew minimally on the kerosene medium at both 1% and 2% compositions. The four test fungi emulsified the diesel agar medium at both 1% and 2% compositions. Brevilegnia indica emulsified only petrol at 1% while Non of the isolates emulsified the kerosene medium at both 1% and 2% compositions. Oil globules were also observed in the vegetative hyphae of the test fungi which grew on the experimental culture media. This means that such fungi either degraded or accumulated the petrol or petroleum products in their systems.

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Singh, C. S. "A study of fungi on droppings of certain birds." Acta Mycologica 19, no. 2 (August 20, 2014): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1983.019.

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Droppings of fowl, owl, parrot, pigeon and sparrow were asepticaly collected in sterilized bottles from different places at Gorakhpur, 54 fungi were isolated. The number of fungi was more in the pigeon showing considerable decrease in the fowl and the sparrow. In the parrot and the owl, however. the fungi were egual in number. The number of Phycomycetes was almost the same on droppings of all birds, from parrot only one species could be isolated. A larger number of Ascomyteces was recorded from fowl, less from pigeon and owl and the least (two each) on sparrow and parrot droppings. The Basidiomycetes, represented by two species only, were recorded on owl and pigeon droppings. Pigeon droppings yielded the largest number of Deuteromycetes. They were egual in numbers on owl and parrot while on fowl and sparrow their number was comparatively less. Mycelia sterilia, though poor in their numbers, were recorded on all the bird droppings excepting owl.

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Kanaujia, R. S. "Studies on certain aspects of root surface fungi II. Succession of fungi on decomposing Pennisetum typhoides (Burm. f.) Stapf et Hubb." Acta Mycologica 17, no. 1-2 (August 20, 2014): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1981.002.

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Sixty seven fungal species from the nonrhizosphere (NR), rhizopshere (RS) and cortical (RPC) and steler (RPS) parts of rhizopshere of crown (RC), middle (RM) and distal (RD) regions of decomposing roots of Pennisetum typhoides Burm. f.) Stapf. et Hubb. were isolated during December to June, 1970-72. The number of fungal species gradually decreased from NR—RPS in horizontal and RC—RD in vertical regions. The fungal population was always higher in RS of different depths than in corresponding NR regions. The amino acids and sugar components of the roots showed a direct correlation with the fungal population. The amount of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components of roots gradually decreased from December to June. Root-washing collected from RC, RM and RD regions exhibited the presence of vanillic acid and 3-4 dihydroxy benzoic acid during March and April. It also exerted an adverse effect on the 10 rhizosphere fungi during this period. pH and moisture contents showed a poor correlation with the fungal population cxcept during summer months. Phycomycetes with species of Deuteromycetes obtained in the first phase were followed by Deuteromycetes along with few Ascomycetes in the second phase. In the last Deuteromycetes with some slerile mycelia were isolated. Aspergilli were the most numerous throughout the present investigation.

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Kanaujia, R. S. "Studies on certain aspects of root surface fungi III. Effect of harvesting." Acta Mycologica 18, no. 1 (August 20, 2014): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1982.002.

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The effect of harvesting oi above ground part on the succession of fungi on crown, middle and distal regions of decomposing roots of Pennisetum typhoides (Burm f.) Stapf et Hubb. was investigated for a period of six months (January to June, 1971). The number of fungal species was generally lower in harvested plants than in standing plants whereas the fungal population exhibited the reverse trend. The amino acids, sugars. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components of the roots in different vertical regions were assessed and a correlation was established between the above factors and fungal succession in the two sets of plants. It was also noticed that roots in all the depths decomposed earlier than the set where aerial parts were left intact and no phytotoxins were detected in the harvested set against standing one where vanilic acid and 3-4 dihydroxy benzoic acids were chromatogrammed during Maroh and April. The pH and moisture content exhibited a poor correlation with the fungal succession. Deuteromycetes along with few Phycomycetes in the beginning, Deuteromycetes with few Ascomycetes in the second phase and Deuteromycetes along with Mycelia sterilia in the third phase were isolated.

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Baird, R. E., T. B. Brenneman, D. K. Bell, D. R. Sumner, N. A. Minton, B. G. Mullinix, and A. B. Peery. "Influence of crop rotation and flutolanil on the diversity of fungi on peanut shells." Phytoprotection 76, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706089ar.

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Soilborne pathogens of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) often survive or over winter on peanut shells left on or in the soil. The effects of different crop rotations on the peanut shell mycobiota were compared in three field trials in 1992 and repeated in 1993. In two of the trials, plots grown continuously to peanut were either treated with the fungicide flutolanil or left untreated. Rotation practices varied with location and the crops in rotation with peanut were cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), rye (Secale cereale), bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), and corn (Zea mays). In total, 31 different gene of fungi were isolated from shells. Over two-thirds of the isolates were Deuteromycotina, followed in frequency by Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Phycomycetes. The rotation practices affected the incidence of several pathogenic fungi (e.g., Fusarium spp., and Lasiodiplodia theobromae) in the peanut shells, but the results were not consistent across trials or years. Bahiagrass or corn grown in rotation with peanut reduced the frequency of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 in shells. Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-2 and Macrophomina phaseolina were isolated at a greater level in the bahiagrass-peanut rotation. Where peanut was rotated with cotton with or without a winter cover crop of rye, plots containing rye had lower isolation rates for total fungi in 1992 than those without rye, but there was no différence in 1993. Also, several species of Fusarium were isolated more frequently from shells from plots rotated with rye. Flutolanil significantly lowered isolation rates of several fungi, including R. solani AG-4, in one trial in 1992. Total fungi isolated (all fungal isolates combined) in the flutolanil-treated plots were greater in 1993, but not in 1992 at one site. Isolation rates for the different gene and species of fungi differed on the two media utilized (malt-extract agar and malt-salt agar). In particular, Alternaria alternata and species of Fusarium were isolated more frequently on malt-salt agar, whereas L theobromae, R. solani AG-4 and Trichoderma spp. were more common on malt-extract agar.

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Gleason, Frank H., Osu Lilje, and Lene Lange. "What has happened to the “aquatic phycomycetes” (sensu Sparrow)? Part II: Shared properties of zoosporic true fungi and fungus-like microorganisms." Fungal Biology Reviews 32, no. 2 (March 2018): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbr.2017.09.003.

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GASHE, BERHANU A., SISAI F. MPUCHANE, BUPE A. SIAME, JOSEPH ALLOTEY, and GETACHEW TEFERRA. "The Microbiology of Phane, an Edible Caterpillar of the Emperor Moth, Imbrasia belina." Journal of Food Protection 60, no. 11 (November 1, 1997): 1376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-60.11.1376.

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The larvae of Imbrasia belina (Westwood) are cooked and sun dried to make a product known as phane, which is consumed as a delicacy. A study was conducted to determine the sanitary quality of phane and the kinds of microorganisms associated with it. It also looked into the potential for the existence of health risk associated with its consumption. Laboratory- and field-processed phane and that from open markets were subjected to microbiological analyses. The total microbial population for the larvae was in the range of 3 × 105 to 2 × 107 CFU/g. Species belonging to seven genera of bacteria and five genera of fungi were isolated from the larvae. About 50% of the identified bacteria were gram-positive, yet their combined population was much lower than that of the gram-negative bacteria. Cooking (89 to 93°C) under both sets of conditions (laboratory and field) reduced the microbial population to less than 9 × 103 CFU/g. The survivors were mostly sporeformers. Laboratory-processed phane was contaminated during drying, but none of the isolates were coliforms and the population increment was marginal. Field-processed phane, on the other hand, had a population of 4 × 104 to 1 ×108 CFU/g after 24 h of drying. The high moisture content of phane (55%) and a high degree of contamination from the soil and air appeared to have contributed to the increased population. Aspergilli including A. flavus and phycomycetes were frequently isolated from the samples. Coliforms were present in 30% and 50% of the phane processed in the field and in market phane, respectively. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found in 33% and 21%, respectively, of samples acquired from the market. The presence of K. pneumoniae. E. coli, a toxin-producing sporeformer (Bacillus cereus), and mycotoxin-producing fungi (A. flavus, Penicillium sp., and Fusarium sp.) all point to the possible existence of health risks associated with its consumption.

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Martínez, Mario Andrés Sepúlveda, Juan Antonio Lugo-Machado, Edwin Canché-Martín, Noemí Sainz-Fuentes, Roberto Reina-Loaiza, Said Rodríguez-Quintana, and Alfonso Rubio Espinoza. "Factors associated with survival in diabetic patients with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis." Romanian Journal of Rhinology 11, no. 42 (April 30, 2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjr-2021-0011.

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Abstract BACKGROUND. Mucormycosis is an emerging angioinvasive, potentially fatal infection caused by the ubiquitous filamentous fungi of the order Mucorales of the class Phycomycetes. They occur particularly in metabolically decompensated diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the factors associated with survival in a group of diabetic patients with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A case-control study of a series of cases from January 2013 to May 2020 was designed. Patients with diabetes mellitus and a diagnosis of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis were included. The clinical findings were considered, as well as age, gender, laboratory and radiological results, and mortality. For the statistical analysis, we used descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U test. We considered a p-value equal to or less than 0.05 to indicate a statistically significant association or difference. Likewise, the odds ratio was used to determine the relative risk. RESULTS. 19 cases were included, with an average age of 60.8 years and female gender predominance. In 100% of the cases, nonseptate hyphae were identified in histopathological studies. We had a mortality of 7 (36.8%), where the rhino-orbital complications were the most frequent. The findings of CRP ≤23.1mm/L, an absolute neutrophil count ≥13.2 x1000 /µl and absence of bone erosion in the simple tomography, the rhino-orbital stage, could be related to greater survival. CONCLUSION. Our series presented mortality close to 40%. Age <64 years, CRP ≤23.1mm/L, absolute neutrophil count ≥13.2 x1000 /µl and absence of bone erosion in the simple tomography, rhino-orbital stage were associated with a better survival in our series.

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Cerdá-Olmeda, E., and J. Avalos. "Oleaginous fungi: carotene-rich from Phycomyces." Progress in Lipid Research 33, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-7827(94)90021-3.

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Corrochano, Luis M., and Enrique Cerda -Olmedo. "PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS IN Phycomyces and IN OTHER FUNGI." Photochemistry and Photobiology 54, no. 2 (August 1991): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1991.tb02023.x.

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Tagua, Victor G., Marcell Pausch, Maike Eckel, Gabriel Gutiérrez, Alejandro Miralles-Durán, Catalina Sanz, Arturo P. Eslava, Richard Pokorny, Luis M. Corrochano, and Alfred Batschauer. "Fungal cryptochrome with DNA repair activity reveals an early stage in cryptochrome evolution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 49 (November 17, 2015): 15130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514637112.

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DASH (Drosophila, Arabidopsis, Synechocystis, Human)-type cryptochromes (cry-DASH) belong to a family of flavoproteins acting as repair enzymes for UV-B–induced DNA lesions (photolyases) or as UV-A/blue light photoreceptors (cryptochromes). They are present in plants, bacteria, various vertebrates, and fungi and were originally considered as sensory photoreceptors because of their incapability to repair cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) lesions in duplex DNA. However, cry-DASH can repair CPDs in single-stranded DNA, but their role in DNA repair in vivo remains to be clarified. The genome of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus contains a single gene for a protein of the cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF) encoding a cry-DASH, cryA, despite its ability to photoreactivate. Here, we show that cryA expression is induced by blue light in a Mad complex-dependent manner. Moreover, we demonstrate that CryA is capable of binding flavin (FAD) and methenyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF), fully complements the Escherichia coli photolyase mutant and repairs in vitro CPD lesions in single-stranded and double-stranded DNA with the same efficiency. These results support a role for Phycomyces cry-DASH as a photolyase and suggest a similar role for cry-DASH in mucoromycotina fungi.

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Foissner, I. "Gametangial interaction and oogenesis in the phycomycete Ciliomyces spectabilis (Fungi, Lagenidiales)." Archives of Microbiology 147, no. 2 (March 1987): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00415275.

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Barrero, Alejandro F., M. Mar Herrador del Pino, Jesús F. Arteaga, and José A. González-Delgado. "Occurrence and Chemical Synthesis of Apocarotenoids from Mucorales: A Review." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 5 (May 2017): 1934578X1701200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701200518.

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Apocarotenoids are metabolites originated by degradation of carotenes through the loss of carbon atoms placed at the side chain of their structure as consequence of oxydative reactions. We present here the first review of apocarotenoids in the fungi mucorales Phycomyces blakesleeanus, Blakeslea trispora and Mucor mucedo. This review is divided into two parts: the first one presents their structures and sources, whereas the second part is dedicated to their chemical synthesis.

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ONODA, Akio, Yasuo KOBAYASHI, Masaaki WAKITA, and Sadao HOSHINO. "Isolation of Anaerobic Phycomycete Fungi from Some Herbivores and Their Chemical Composition." Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho 64, no. 2 (1993): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2508/chikusan.64.115.

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Mehta, Bina J., and Enrique Cerdá-Olmedo. "Intersexual Partial Diploids of Phycomyces." Genetics 158, no. 2 (June 1, 2001): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/158.2.635.

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Abstract Sexual interaction between strains of opposite sex in many fungi of the order Mucorales modifies hyphal morphology and increases the carotene content. The progeny of crosses of Phycomyces blakesleeanus usually include a small proportion of anomalous segregants that show these signs of sexual stimulation without a partner. We have analyzed the genetic constitution of such segregants from crosses that involved a carF mutation for overaccumulation of β-carotene and other markers. The new strains were diploids or partial diploids heterozygous for the sex markers. Diploidy was unknown in this fungus and in the Zygomycetes. Random chromosome losses during the vegetative growth of the diploid led to heterokaryosis in the coenocytic mycelia and eventually to sectors of various tints and mating behavior. The changes in the nuclear composition of the mycelia could be followed by selecting for individual nuclei. The results impose a reinterpretation of the sexual cycle of Phycomyces. Some of the intersexual strains that carried the carF mutation contained 25 mg β-carotene per gram of dry mass and were sufficiently stable for practical use in carotene production.

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Kemp, P., D. J. Jordan, and C. G. Orpin. "The free- and protein-amino acids of the rumen phycomycete fungi Neocallimastix frontalis and Piromonas communis." Journal of Agricultural Science 105, no. 3 (December 1985): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600059402.

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SUMMARYThe proteins and the amino acid profile of the rumen fungi Neocallimastix frontalis and Piromonas communis have been examined and the in vitro digestibility of the vegetative growth determined.The mean true protein content of N. frontalis was 24% of the dry weight and 30% for P. communis, which has a lower chitin content. 50% of the protein extracted from cells and examined by HPLC was in the 200000 MW range and 40% in the 50000 MW range. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after treatment with sodium dodecylsulphate and 2-mercaptoethanol indicated that the native proteins were composed of smaller units in the MW range 25000–50000.The amino acid profiles of the two fungi were similar and compared favourably with those of casein and fraction 1 protein of lucerne.

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M. A. Saadabi, Abdulmoniem, Mohammed S. Alhussaini, Abdullah A. Al-Ghanayem, Babu Joseph, and Mohammed S. A-l Shuriam. "Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi from Some Saudi Bank Note Currency." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 14, no. 2 (June 25, 2017): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2499.

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ABSTRACT: Saudi Bank notes in different values were critically evaluated to show the level of contamination with pathogenic bacteria and fungi using standard techniques. The fungal genera Trichophyton sp., Microsporum sp., Epidermophyton sp., Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp., Penicillium sp., Candida sp., Phycomyces sp., Saccharomyces sp. and Cladosporium sp. were isolated and identified. The genera of bacteria that isolated were Escherichia coli, Citrobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., Streptococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Corynebacterium sp. and Staphylococcus sp. The potential of Saudi currency notes to act as environmental vehicles for transmission of pathogenic fungi & bacteria was assessed. The lower values of bank notes were highly contaminated and there is a negative correlation between bank notes value and microbial contamination. The results suggest that currency notes may be contaminated, especially with bacteria and enteric microbes and may serve as a source of contamination or infection. Personal hygiene and electronic or credit banking to reduce the risk of infection were recommended.

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Stanic, Marina, M. Zivic, and Joana Zakrzewska. "Effects of anoxia on 31P NMR spectra of Phycomyces blakesleeanus during development." Archives of Biological Sciences 61, no. 1 (2009): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0901017s.

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The method of 31P NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the effects of anoxia on Phycomyces blakesleea?nus mycelium during development. The greatest changes were recorded in the PPc, NADH, and ?-ATP signals. Decrease of PPc signal intensity is due to chain length reduction and reduction in number of PPn molecules. Smaller decrease of ?-ATP compared to ?-ATP signal intensity can be attributed to maintenance of ATP concentration at the expense of PPn hydrolysis. Sensitivity to anoxia varies with the growth stage. It is greatest in 32-h and 44-h mycelium, in which PPn is used as an additional energy source, while the smallest effect was noted for 36-h fungi.

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Revuelta, J. L., and M. Jayaram. "Phycomyces blakesleeanus TRP1 gene: organization and functional complementation in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 8 (August 1987): 2664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.8.2664.

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We have cloned the gene encoding the TRPF and TRPC functions of Phycomyces blakesleeanus by complementation of the corresponding activities of Escherichia coli. TRPF also complemented a trpl mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As in other filamentous fungi, such as Neurospora and Aspergillus spp., the P. blakesleeanus TRPF and TRPC formed part of a trifunctional polypeptide encoded by a single gene (called TRP1). Transcription of TRP1 in P. blakesleeanus did not appear to be regulated by light or by the nutritional status of the culture. The information on the structure and organization of a P. blakesleeanus gene derived from these studies should be useful in devising molecular genetic strategies to analyze the sensory physiology of this organism.

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Revuelta, J. L., and M. Jayaram. "Phycomyces blakesleeanus TRP1 gene: organization and functional complementation in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 7, no. 8 (August 1987): 2664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.7.8.2664-2670.1987.

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We have cloned the gene encoding the TRPF and TRPC functions of Phycomyces blakesleeanus by complementation of the corresponding activities of Escherichia coli. TRPF also complemented a trpl mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As in other filamentous fungi, such as Neurospora and Aspergillus spp., the P. blakesleeanus TRPF and TRPC formed part of a trifunctional polypeptide encoded by a single gene (called TRP1). Transcription of TRP1 in P. blakesleeanus did not appear to be regulated by light or by the nutritional status of the culture. The information on the structure and organization of a P. blakesleeanus gene derived from these studies should be useful in devising molecular genetic strategies to analyze the sensory physiology of this organism.

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Maier, Josef, Thomas Werner, and Helga Ninnemann. "Homology Cloning of GTP-cydohydrolase I from Fungi and Plants by Reverse-transcription PCR Using a General Set of Degenerate Primers." Pteridines 6, no. 3 (August 1995): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines.1995.6.3.112.

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Summary Unconjugated pteridines are present in fungi, algae and plants. However, the functions of pteridines in these organisms are not thoroughly investigated. The biosynthesis follows the same steps as were shown for animals and eubacteria. One possible function of pteridines in these organisms is participation in blue-light reception. To analyze this or other functions of pteridines it would be useful to inhibit pteridine synthesis specifically by genetic engineering. GTP-cyclohydrolase I is the primary enzyme of tetrahydrobiopterin and folic acid biosynthesis. A comparison of amino acid sequences of GTP-cyclohydrolase I (EC 3.5.4.16) previously known from various species allowed the construction of degenerate primers, based on highly conserved regions. The same consensus primers are able to bind to cDNAs of unrelated eukaryotes. By reverse-transcriptase PCR cDNAs of the conserved C-terminal part of the fungi Neurospora and Phycomyces, the phytoflagellate Euglena and the higher plant Mucuna hassjoo were amplified and cloned. Similarities between the sequences agreed with the evolutionary relationship of the investigated organisms. Various regions strictly conserved between unrelated eukaryotes and bacteria were observed, which could be essential for the function of GTP-cyclohydrolase I.

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USHIDA, Kazunari, Akihiro OKUTANI, and Yolchi KOJIMA. "Effect of Sodium Propionate on the Population Size and Generic Distribution of Phycomycete Fungi in Sheep Rumen." Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho 64, no. 3 (1993): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2508/chikusan.64.250.

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Ortega, Joseph. "Dimensionless Numbers to Analyze Expansive Growth Processes." Plants 8, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8010017.

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Cells of algae, fungi, and plants have walls and exhibit expansive growth which can increase their volume by as much as 10,000 times. Expansive growth is central to their morphogenesis, development, and sensory responses to environmental stimuli. Equations describing the biophysical processes of the water uptake rate and the wall deformation rate have been derived, validated, and established. A significant amount of research provides insight into the molecular underpinnings of these processes. What is less well known are the relative magnitudes of these processes and how they compare during expansive growth and with walled cells from other species. Here, dimensionless numbers (Π parameters) are used to determine the magnitudes of the biophysical processes involved in the expansive growth rate of cells from algae (Chara corallina), fungi (Phycomyces blakesleeanus), and plants (Pisum satinis L.). It is found for all three species that the cell’s capability for the water uptake rate is larger than the wall plastic deformation rate and much larger than the wall elastic deformation rate. Also, the wall plastic deformation rates of all three species are of similar magnitude as their expansive growth rate even though the stress relaxation rates of their walls are very different. It is envisioned that dimensionless numbers can assist in determining how these biophysical processes change during development, morphogenesis, sensory responses, environmental stress, climate change, and after genetic modification.

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Choi, Hyoung T., Jose L. Revuelta, Chanchal Sadhu, and Makkuni Jayaram. "Structural organization of the TRP1 gene of Phycomyces blakesleeanus: implications for evolutionary gene fusion in fungi." Gene 71, no. 1 (November 1988): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(88)90080-7.

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Idnurm, Alexander, and Joseph Heitman. "Ferrochelatase is a conserved downstream target of the blue light-sensing White collar complex in fungi." Microbiology 156, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 2393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.039222-0.

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Light is a universal signal perceived by organisms, including fungi, in which light regulates common and unique biological processes depending on the species. Previous research has established that conserved proteins, originally called White collar 1 and 2 from the ascomycete Neurospora crassa, regulate UV/blue light sensing. Homologous proteins function in distant relatives of N. crassa, including the basidiomycetes and zygomycetes, which diverged as long as a billion years ago. Here we conducted microarray experiments on the basidiomycete fungus Cryptococcus neoformans to identify light-regulated genes. Surprisingly, only a single gene was induced by light above the commonly used twofold threshold. This gene, HEM15, is predicted to encode a ferrochelatase that catalyses the final step in haem biosynthesis from highly photoreactive porphyrins. The C. neoformans gene complements a Saccharomyces cerevisiae hem15Δ strain and is essential for viability, and the Hem15 protein localizes to mitochondria, three lines of evidence that the gene encodes ferrochelatase. Regulation of HEM15 by light suggests a mechanism by which bwc1/bwc2 mutants are photosensitive and exhibit reduced virulence. We show that ferrochelatase is also light-regulated in a white collar-dependent fashion in N. crassa and the zygomycete Phycomyces blakesleeanus, indicating that ferrochelatase is an ancient target of photoregulation in the fungal kingdom.

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Živić, Miroslav, Marko Popović, Nataša Todorović, and Željko Vučinić. "Outwardly Rectifying Anionic Channel from the Plasma Membrane of the Fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus." Eukaryotic Cell 8, no. 9 (July 10, 2009): 1439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00059-09.

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ABSTRACT In the present report, by using a patch clamp technique, we provide, to our knowledge, the first detailed description of an anionic channel from filamentous fungi. The characterized channel, an outwardly rectifying anionic channel (ORAC), is the most prominent feature of the cell membrane of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus in the absence of energizing substrates. The unitary conductance of the channel is 11.3 ± 0.4 pS. It is characterized by a strong voltage dependence of the open-channel probability (zδ; the gating charge is 2.1 ± 0.1), and the channel is activated by depolarization. The values of the time constants for voltage-induced activation and deactivation of 28 ± 3 ms for τ a and 39 ± 9 ms for τ d show that the ORAC is characterized by fast activation/deactivation kinetics. The ORAC shows strong selectivity for anions over cations and weak selectivity among anions, with a selectivity sequence of I− ≥ NO3 − > Br− > Cl− > SO4 2− = 4.8 > 4.4 > 2.2 > 1 > 0.55, which corresponds to Eisenman series 1. The channel is characterized by two open and two closed states, with dominant long open (τo2 = 35.0 ± 3.9 ms) and long closed (τc2 = 166 ± 28 ms) states occupying 63% ± 8% and 79% ± 3% of total open and closed times, respectively. The ORAC is insensitive to anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (<200 μM), but 2 mM malate reversibly inhibits 59% ± 12% of the channel activity. Based on the electrophysiological properties of the channel, we propose that the ORAC plays a role in anion accumulation and in membrane potential regulation through local membrane depolarization.

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Grams, G. "Phycomyces blakesleeanus BURGEFF and several wood-decay fungi in a bioassay for growth factor resources in fresh and microbially precolonized timber." Journal of Basic Microbiology 30, no. 6 (1990): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jobm.3620300604.

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Benito, Begoña, Blanca Garciadeblás, and Alonso Rodrı́guez-Navarro. "Potassium- or sodium-efflux ATPase, a key enzyme in the evolution of fungi The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are: Pleurotus ostreatus ENA1, AJ420741; Phycomyces blakesleeanus ENA1, AJ420742; Ph. blakesleeanus PCA1, AJ420743; Blakeslea trispora ENA1, AJ420744; B. trispora BCA1, AJ420745; B. trispora BCA2, AJ420746." Microbiology 148, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-148-4-933.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Phycomycetes. Fungi'

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