Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Phylosophy'
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Enger, Jonas. "Optical manipulation and its applications : thesis for the degree of doctor of phylosophy /." Göteborg : Chalmers university of technology, Göteborg university, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392972691.
Full textRibeiro, Caroline Vasconcelos. "A critica de Heidegger a herança metafisica da psicanalise freudiana e a possibilidade de uma psicanalise não-metafisica." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281074.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Esta pesquisa pretende abordar a veemente crítica de Heidegger à psicanálise freudiana, apontando, sobretudo, sua filiação à metafísica moderna e ao modo de proceder das ciências naturais. Tendo como base a obra Seminários de Zollikon ¿ que reúne as atas dos seminários, diálogos e cartas trocadas entre Heidegger e o psiquiatra Medard Boss ¿ visa pontuar que a ciência freudiana não alcança o homem enquanto Dasein, visto que o reduz a uma máquina que representa, a um aparelho gerador de sintomas, a um objeto causalmente explicável. Em seguida, almeja expor que a psicanálise de Winnicott atende a requisitos heideggerianos para uma ¿ciência do homem¿ irredutível ao discurso objetificante. Sendo assim, pretendemos indicar que Winnicott fundamenta a base de sua ciência em pilares não-metafísicos
Abstract: Diese Untersuchung hat zum Ziel, Heideggers vehemente Kritik an der Freudschen Psychoanalyse zu erörtern, wobei sie vor allem dessen Verbindung mit der modernen Metaphysik und die Art seiner Verwurzelung in den Naturwissenschaften hervorhebt. Auf der Basis seines Werkes Die Zollikoner Seminare ¿ das die Protokolle der Seminare sowie die Dialoge und den Briefaustausch zwischen Heidegger und dem Psychiater Medard Boss enthält ¿ machen wir deutlich, dass die Freudsche Wissenschaft den Menschen nicht im Sinne des Daseins begreift, sondern ihn reduziert auf eine Maschine, die vorstellt, auf einen Apparat, der Symptome hervorruft, auf ein Objekt, das kausal erklärbar ist. Im folgenden wird aufgezeigt, dass die Psychoanalyse von Winnicott die Heideggerschen Forderungen nach einer ¿Wissenschaft vom Menschen¿ erfüllt, die nicht auf den objektivierenden Diskurs reduzierbar ist. Somit wollen wir verdeutlichen, dass Winnicott die Basis seiner Wissenschaft auf nicht-metaphysischen Grundfesten fundiert
Doutorado
Filosofia da Psicanalise
Doutor em Filosofia
WIBMER, ELSA HELENA BUADAS. "METAPHYSICS AS ONTO-THEO-LOGY: AN INTERPRETATION OF PLATO`S PHYLOSOPHY ENLIGHTENED BY MARTIN HEIDEGGER`S THINKING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12369@1.
Full textThis work is an interpretation of the main aspects of Plato`s philosophy as Metaphysic`s beginning, enlightened by Martin Heidegger`s thinking. With the regard founded in the contemporary world and the comprehension of the technology`s essence that first came to light with Martin Heidegger, it aims to enlighten the forgotten ground of metaphysic`s onto-theo-logical essence that begins with Plato, i.e., the retrial of the aletheia as original happening favoring a way of unconcealment of being as substance, with the correlate postulation of a supreme being that founds the adequacy between being an thinking. It shows how this original accord starts metaphysic`s decline in the modernity, with Cartesian thinking, giving another way of unconcealment: o Gestell, the technology`s essence. In this perspective the study analyses the next Plato`s dialogues: Meno, Republic, Symposium, Sophist and Timaeus. The work presents too an analysis of the consequences of the decline of substance notion in the modernity, in Descartes and Kant`s philosophies, as well as a critical exposition of those contemporary conceptions that understand technology as essentially having an instrumental character.
Jacques, Carmen. "Palavra cítrica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/32281.
Full textTo write an abstract? Impossible, I would say. A taste, an air, an atmosphere. How to do it? It is easy when the word is linear and the thought narrow. But here? I just surrendered myself no matter what. Pure imagination. But if you insist. They insist on a dance of linguistics and philosophy of the act. The act in the word, said in another way, one shot. I devoured books, texts, theories. And what else came my way. I ground everything. I blended everything. I gave back everything. You probably will not recognize it. What was one thing became another. Nothing is the same. I bit my tongue. I swallowed what I do not know. What I threw up you do not want to know. Everything citric and crunchy. Gelato al limone. That‟s what I wanted to do. The aim, as they used to say. That‟s what came out. The results, as they used to say. To write an abstract? Impossible, I would say. But if you insist.
Johansson, Åsa. "Laser diagnostic and kinetic modelling of reaction intermediate in catalytic combustion : thesis for the degree of doctor of phylosophy /." Göteborg : Chalmers university of technology, Göteborg university, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39297274m.
Full textOliveira, Thiago Silva Freitas 1981. "Significação e linguagem no livro Gama da Metafisica de Aristoteles." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278802.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Essa dissertação consiste em uma análise detalhada dos trechos do livro Gama da Metafísica de Aristóteles onde o autor desenvolve sua defesa do princípio da não contradição bem como a distinção entre significar algo uno e significar de algo uno. A argumentação em defesa do princípio pretende evitar a petição de princípio ao imputar ao interlocutor a tarefa de simplesmente dizer algo (legein ti) com sentido. Essa defesa permitirá a distinção entre as duas classes de predicação denominadas como significar algo uno e significar de algo uno, com a qual Aristóteles poderá desenvolver aquilo que chamamos de uma teoria da significação
Abstract: This thesis consists of a detailed analysis of excerpts from the book Gamma from Aristotle's Metaphysics, where the author develops his defense of the principle of noncontradiction as well as the distinction between signify one thing and signify about one thing. The argument in defense of the principle claims to prevent beg what was originally at issue giving to the opponent the task of simply saying something (legein ti) with sense. That defense will allow the distinction between the two classes of predication called as signify one thing and signify about one thing, with which Aristotle will may develop what we call a theory of meaning
Mestrado
Filosofia
Mestre em Filosofia
Лисенко, А. А., Віталій Миколайович Король, Виталий Николаевич Король, and Vitalii Mykolaiovych Korol. "Філософські погляди Арнольда Тойнбі на історію." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/67988.
Full textRaynaud, Serra Patrice. "L'imagination au cœur de l'apprendre : interprétations de textes pédagogiques et philosophiques pour l’imagination couplées avec des savoirs en psychologie cognitive." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0394.
Full textThis work opens up with directive interviews of and questionnaires for secondary school teachers in order to find out if they perceive a link between imagination and learning. It is then devoted to studying and analysing official texts and syllabuses related to Mathematics and French. It proceeds with the interpretation of pedagogic writings thar refer to imagination. Based on the observation that imagination is polysemic and even polymorphic, this work interprets some pedagogic and philosophic theories on the theme of imagination. However this research remains motivated by the aim of finding out if imagination allows one to learn.This thesis is centered on the theory of schematism as described by Kant. Schematism is produced by presentative imagination which, in the analogical configuration of experience, reveals the expectation of a term, an object ; an object to seize, ʺto ap-prehendʺ, so that a link can be established, then two links be compared. Thanks to this approach by Kant we are in a position to conclude that imagination is at the heart of learning because learning is the extension of analogical experience, the outcome of presentaive imagination
Carmo, Junior Wilson do. "Motricidade humana : aproximações filosoficas sobre a corporeidade." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/253022.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: O discurso sobre a motricidade humana ainda oferece ampla possibilidade de debate, pois, embora tenha gerado no campo da Educação Física um conjunto de significados das práticas corporais na cultura contemporânea, esse discurso parece ter dado maior ênfase às questões sobre o corpo e movimento humano inseridas no conceito amplo de Educação Física. Entendemos que as práticas corporais somam um conjunto de atividades que ultrapassam os limites disciplinares do fazer educação física, quando tomadas no contexto da formação de conceitos sobre a corporeidade. Para que essa dinâmica conceitual esteja mais próxima da Educação Física e, junto a ela, possa contribuir para o aprimoramento da identidade da área, propomos uma reflexão com base numa filosofia que traga a corporeidade e a motricidade como conceitos importantes para a visão prática da Educação Física. Considerando que a discussão sobre Educação Física, ou sua referência à questão da motricidade humana, ainda contém os impactos das abordagens biológicas e culturais como atividades excludentes, vemos neste trabalho a possibilidade de: a) aprofundar a questão da Educação Física dentro de uma visão políssêmica - a definição de termos como ginástica, educação física e ciência da motricidade humana como conceitos que se entrelaçam, porém que, às vezes, se confundem diante de diferentes análises; b) desenvolver a compreensão da Educação Física como uma atividade cultural cuja referência à corporeidade requer a presença da reflexão filosófica; c) aproximar a Filosofia da Educação Física, sobretudo, considerar a contribuição de Merleau-Ponty na compreensão do conteúdo que sustenta a visão da prática na área da Educação Física. Como resultado dessa abordagem entre a questão da corporeidade e a Educação Física, destacamos: a) a necessidade de um inter-relacionamento entre a ciência e a filosofia para fortalecer o embasamento interdisciplinar entre o sentido da prática' da Educação Física e a visão cultural de seus conteúdos; b) a contribuição da filosofia neste caso, do pensamento de Merleau-Ponty - que poderá enriquecer esses conceitos sem ferir a tradição da área, trazendo novas dimensões ao discurso sobre a prática; c) a necessidade de potencializar o professor, oferecendo instrumentos de reflexão, para desenvolver projetos de Educação Física, entendendo-a como uma atividade inserida dentro de outras dimensões da cultura, como as artes, a ciência e a filosofia
Abstract: The speech about human "motricidade" seems to have inspired the cultural legacy of Physical Education. Although very explored in the academic field the term "human motricidade" is still inconsistent and has not achieved a real concept that could justify the relevance of the term, to the point of inspiring values revolutions and behavioral changes. The human "motricidade" is an structural concept, a meaningful set that is attributed to the practical dynamic of Physical Education and to everything it represents in contemporary reality. The contemporary culture seems to give sense to the questions about body and human movement whose performance is in the concept of Physical Education. If one understands that corporeal activities compound a set of activities and, from them a knowledgeable body that compound a discipline, it seems that "to do Physical Education" became cultural. Thus it seems that the speech about physical activities practice, mainly the human body, get some strength in meaning. In order for this conceptual dynamic be legitimated and acquire identity, we propose a philosophic approach and a broad discussion about the language in which the relation between body and human "motricidade" are been treated. Considering that some scientific arguments with strong tendency to biological approaches, whose language is part of the tradition of the projects about Physical Education and human movement we believe it is important to deal with the following topics: a) the question about the polyssemy of the point of view of the terminology within a philosophical view; b) the contribution of philosophy - Merlau-Ponty's thoughts - it can enrich concepts without harming the disciplinary tradition and bring new dimensions to the speech about practice; c) the criticism about the view of science in the world and its relation with Physical Education concepts as a cultural activity; d) the question about language as a view yet with low treatment within Physical Education concepts as an activity that belongs to general culture; e) a discussion about a possible philosophy that comes to give identity to the Physical Education as cultural and with as an anthropology of the practices. As a result from these approaches we observe how important is the reflection about these topics and mainly the anthropologic pertinent relationship between the culture of body and motion for man We highlight: a) an interdisciplinary background is needed in order to form a knowledgeable body that allows for Physical Education activities to became cultural practices and that they can make sense with other languages; b) the philosophy and language can alter concepts without injure or interfere in tradition and practice speech; c) it is necessary to involve the instructor, giving him reflection instruments, mainly giving strength to the concepts about Physical Education projects as a pedagogy for the totality of the human being d) to the Physical Education independently of the common used term, its the structure and its content is already inserted, although invisible, within others cultural entities together with the arts, the science, the philosophy and the religion. Inside this conclusion, one can continue the Physical Education project, philosophy and language. In this particular case we have seen that there is more sense and knowledge strength in Physical Education than we could think of. In theory or practice, to the subject or to the object, to the material or to the spirit, to the thoughts and to the forms, ali is added, and even against ideologies, educations and pedagogies it is important to make the professor an everlasting legislator of himself and of his students. To the body and to human "motricidade" a little bit of philosophy and a lot of other languages
Doutorado
Historia, Filosofia e Educação
Doutor em Educação
Machado, Bruno Martins. "A psicologia em "Humano demasiado humano": Nietzsche, Paul Rée e a história natural da moral." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFS, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/1671.
Full textLa, Salvia Andre Luis 1982. "Introdução ao estudo dos regimes de imagens nos livros "Cinema" de Gilles Deleuze." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281534.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A ¿taxionomia¿ dos signos cinematográficos e dos tipos de imagens, os quatro comentários a Bergson, as monografias de mais de 150 autores são algumas das entradas possíveis aos livros Cinema de Gilles Deleuze. Aqui, optou-se por encarar a obra pelo viés conceitual, a saber, considerou-se Imagem-movimento e Imagem-tempo conceitos deleuzeanos. Assim sendo, em primeiro lugar, a pesquisa precisou entender quais características Deleuze dá aos conceitos: eles são constituídos por elementos em relação de vizinhança organizando campos de solução para problemas. Os conceitos de Imagem-movimento e Imagem-tempo são dinâmicos e diferenciam-se através das diferentes relações dinâmicas que seus diferentes elementos travam entre si. Ao mesmo tempo, a pesquisa percorreu a obra Cinema em vários sentidos, extraiu linhas mais ou menos constantes e assistiu muitos filmes. Desse modo, buscou os elementos que eram colocados em jogo quando Deleuze precisava explicar porque determinado autor fazia uma ¿imagem indireta do tempo¿ ou uma ¿imagem direta do tempo¿ ¿ o filósofo deixa claro, em uma das entrevistas de Conversações, que seu interesse é analisar como o devir das imagens e signos constitui um ¿automovimento¿ e também uma ¿autotemporalização¿ das imagens. E estes termos são os problemas para os quais os conceitos de Imagem-movimento e Imagem-tempo apresentam elementos que, em relação, são capazes de dizer algo sobre os diferentes autores e estilos de fazer cinema
Abstract: The ¿taxionomy¿ of the cinematographic signs and the types of images, the four commentaries the Bergson, the monographs of more than 150 authors are some of the possible entrances the work Cinema of Gilles Deleuze. Here, it was opted to facing the work for the conceptual bias, namely, considered Image-movement and Image-time deleuzeans concepts. Thus, in first place, the research needed to understand which characteristics Deleuze gives to the concepts: they are constituted by elements in neighborhood relation having organized fields of solution for problems. The concepts of Image-movement and Image-time are dynamic and are differentiated through the different dynamic relations that its different elements do between itself. At the same time, the research covered the work Cinema in some directions, extracted more or less constant lines and attended many films. In this manner, it searched the elements that were placed in game when Deleuze needed to explain because one author made a ¿indirect image of the time¿ or a ¿direct image of the time¿ - the philosopher leaves clearly, in one of the interviews of Conversations, that its interest is to analyze how the devir of the images and signs constituted a ¿automotion¿ and a ¿autotimezation¿ of the images. And these terms are the problems for which the concepts of Image-movement and Image-time presents elements that, in relation, are capable to say something on the different authors and styles to make cinema
Mestrado
Mestre em Filosofia
Dutra, Jorge da Cunha. "A relevância da filosofia como disciplina escolar no currículo do ensino médio." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2014. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3191.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
O presente trabalho refere-se à pesquisa que realizei em duas escolas estaduais de Ensino Médio, regulares e diurnas, do município do Rio Grande/RS. O estudo teve como objetivo geral investigar em que medida a Filosofia está se estabelecendo como uma disciplina relevante para o currículo do Ensino Médio. A fim de atingir o objetivo proposto, entrevistei as supervisoras, as docentes de Filosofia e das outras áreas do conhecimento e os alunos dos três anos do respectivo nível de ensino das duas escolas, coletando também os conteúdos programáticos. Após essa investigação, concluo que a Filosofia é relevante para o currículo do Ensino Médio, na medida em que preenche uma lacuna que existia na escola, quanto à formação (pessoal, social, política, etc.) dos estudantes, permitindo que os mesmos tenham conhecimento a respeito dos saberes filosóficos que fazem parte do desenvolvimento histórico da humanidade, desenvolvimento este que continua sendo construído e que acompanhará sempre o ser humano, enquanto este existir. Neste sentido, entendo que o contato com a Filosofia oferece o espaço para que os alunos se envolvam com as atividades relacionadas ao leque filosófico e possam iniciar-se na prática da Filosofia desde a adolescência, o que será muito salutar para o desenvolvimento de suas autonomias. Com isso, a investigação que foi realizada poderá contribuir para o aprimoramento do ensino de Filosofia no Ensino Médio, superando a visão “senso comum” que se tem sobre esta disciplina, aproximando-a cada vez mais do âmbito de trabalho contemplada pelo leque filosófico.
This paper reports the findings of a research conducted in two public, regular, and daytime high schools in the city of Rio Grande/RS. The study aimed to investigate the extent to which Philosophy is establishing itself as a relevant discipline to the high school curriculum. To this end, the supervisors, Philosophy teachers, educators from other fields of knowledge and the students attending the three high school grades in both mentioned schools were interviewed; syllabus material was also collected. It was concluded that Philosophy is a relevant discipline to the high school curriculum as it fills an existing gap regarding students? personal, social, and political education. It enables them to become aware of the philosophical knowledge forming the historic development of mankind, which is always in progress and will always accompany human beings while they exist. In this sense, it is understood that the contact with Philosophy gives students the opportunity to be involved in activities related to the philosophical range so they can be introduced to the practice of philosophy since adolescence, which will be very beneficial for the development of their autonomy. Thus, it is expected this research may contribute to the improvement of the teaching of philosophy in high school in a way to go beyond the 'common sense' vision that one usually has on this subject, bringing it ever closer to the scope of work met by the philosophical range.
Cavalcanti, Adriane da Silva. "Filosofia e pintura em Gilles Deleuze." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281532.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho se pretende como uma investigação filosófica enfeixando questões conceituais a respeito de estética, arte e a potencialidade dos conceitos filosóficos ao abordarem este domínio, segundo a óptica do pensador francês Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995). O estudo centra-se no discurso desse autor acerca da arte pictórica, tomada como eixo para a compreensão de como se ergue o encontro entre a filosofia e a arte. Dois aspectos são delimitados para desenvolver a investigação: o primeiro indaga pelas relações entre a filosofia e a arte, explicitando as articulações entre conceitos filosóficos e elementos artísticos segundo um ponto de vista teórico. O segundo aspecto refere-se ao momento prático dessa articulação, presente na pintura. Esse segundo aspecto se desenvolve segundo a análise da operatoriedade de um conjunto de conceitos deleuzianos mobilizados ao apreciar a singular configuração estética da pintura de Francis Bacon em relação à aparição destes mesmos conceitos em outras obras do filósofo, visando com isso verificar as variações e apropriações às quais eles são submetidos e, conseqüentemente, dar a dimensão de como se constitui o discurso deleuziano acerca de uma arte
Abstract: This work intends to be a philosophical investigation assembling conceptual questions related to aesthetics, art, and the potentiality of philosophic concepts to concern this domain, according to Gilles Deleuze¿s point of view. Our study is based on that philosopher¿s discourse about pictorial art, as the axis to understand how proceeds the meet interface between philosophy and art. Two points are circumscribed to develop our investigation: the first asks for the relations hip between philosophy and art, making clear the articulations between philosophicae concepts and artistic elements according to a theoretical point of view. The second point is related to the practical moment of this articulation, as it occurs on painting. This second point evolves according to the analysis of the functionality of an ensemble of deleuzian concepts, mobilized during the appreciation of the singular aesthetic configuration of Francis Bacon¿s paintings, and how these concepts appear in other writings of that same philosopher, intending, to investigate the variations and appropriations to which they are conditioned, and, consequently, to explicit the dimension of the deleuzian discourse constitution about a fine art (painting)
Mestrado
Mestre em Filosofia
Albuquerque, Ana Carolina Cavalcanti de. "Poder e violência no estado de direito: análise comparativa do pensamento de Hannah Arendt e Niklas Luhmann." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2139/tde-26032012-110804/.
Full textThe traditional theory of power identifies State violence as the ultimate expression of political power, to the point of perceiving in the demonstration of physical strength the essence of power. The liaison between political commands and violent attitudes reaches the definition of State itself, establishing it, not without any Historical grounds, as the monopoly of instruments of force. In Law the relation between power and violence leads to overestimating the role of sanction in define a norm as lawful. Even though not as pioneers, Hannah Arendt and Niklas Luhmann defined power as opposite to violence, yet connected. Such similarities induce the question of the possibility of combining both theoretical approaches. This essay compares the works of the authors regarding the bearing of power and violence under the rule of law. As premise, this essay adopts the assumption that it is indeed possible for a theory of State to develop both Arendts and Luhmanns concepts as its own. Different theoretical positions inside and outside polity allow the creation of an asymmetry, which enables the comparison. This essay reaches the conclusion favorable to the compatibility of the authors, due to the similarity of both the concept of action and that of communication. Nonetheless, it recognizes that Arendts concept of power is much broader than Luhmanns. Finally, this essay suggests new approaches to political and legal theories that may pursuit the theoretical path of any or both the authors in comparison.
Pereira, Reinaldo Sampaio. "Necessidade e contigencia a partir da potencia racional em Aristoteles." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280130.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Advertimos que não temos como propósito a releitura de algum ponto específico de alguma parte da obra de Aristóteles ou uma nova interpretação acerca de alguma passagem, conceito ou 'doutrina¿ do corpus. Pretendemos tão somente estabelecer certo percurso de análise de um dos importantes conceitos da sua filosofia, a saber, o lógos, a partir da investigação de outro conceito de fundamental importância nos seus textos, a potência, percurso esse que conduz a um aparente paradoxo (o qual constituir-se-á no objeto norteador da nossa pesquisa), qual seja, por um lado, de uma perspectiva física, o lógos confere potencialidade para o homem não ficar totalmente sujeito à necessidade do mundo sublunar, permitindo-lhe agir na contingência que este comporta; por outro, de um ponto de vista prático, esse mesmo lógos tende a encerrar o homem em certa necessidade.
Abstract: Not informed.
Doutorado
Historia da Filosofia Antiga
Doutor em Filosofia
Ferreira, Anselmo Tadeu. "O conceito de ciencia em Tomas de Aquino : uma apresentação da Expositio libri Posteriorum (Comentario aos Segundos Analiticos)." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280328.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Esta tese tem como objeto o Comentário de Tomás de Aquino aos Segundos Analíticos de Aristóteles (Expositio libri Posteriorum). O objetivo é fazer uma apresentação do texto, mostrando como Tomás articula os temas principais do trabalho aristotélico, utilizando o método da divisão literal (divisiones litterae), em que o texto é dividido e comentado linha por linha. De propósito principalmente didático, o texto é dividido por Tomás em 5 grandes partes, nas quais também se divide nosso trabalho. Na primeira parte, introdutória ao comentário propriamente dito, há uma reflexão geral sobre a lógica; na segunda parte, uma caracterização do silogismo demonstrativo, que é o silogismo que produz ciência ou conhecimento científico; na terceira parte, a determinação sobre o silogismo demonstrativo, na qual se examinam os seus elementos constitutivos, isto é, que o silogismo demonstrativo se constitui de princípios universais, próprios, necessários e por si; em seguida, examinam-se os elementos a partir dos quais a conclusão é obtida, isto é, o mediador e os princípios indemonstráveis, sendo que essas duas partes são o tema do livro II dos Segundos Analíticos. A partir da exposição de Tomás, podemos ver surgir a sua concepção a respeito da ciência, como conhecimento causal, verdadeiro e necessário, construído a partir de premissas verdadeiras, primeiras e imediatas em si mesmas e anteriores, mais conhecidas e causas em relação à conclusão. Por meio de tal processo meticuloso de construção silogística, ele acredita que podemos obter conhecimento não apenas formalmente verdadeiro, mas verdadeiro também quanto à realidade cognoscível, o que está em perfeito acordo com o realismo do autor do Comentário
Abstract: The subject matter of this thesis is Thomas Aquinas. Commentary on Aristotle's Posterior Analytics. It aims to realize a presentation of the text, showing the way as Aquinas articulates the main themes of the Aristotelian work. To do this, he uses the method of literal division (divisiones litterae), in which the text is divided and the commentary progress line by line. The purpose of Aquinas. commentary is especially didactic, and in its main articulations, he divides the text in five parts: 1) a general reflection on the nature of logic; 2) characterization of the demonstrative syllogism as a syllogism that produces science; 3) examination of the constitutive elements of the demonstrative syllogism, that is, its principles must be universal, necessary, proper and per se; next, in the book II, he examines the elements from which the conclusion of the syllogism is grasped, that is: 4) the medium of the demonstration and 5) the indemonstrable and immediate principles. From this presentation, we can see what is Aquinas. conception of science or scientific knowledge as causal, true and necessary, obtained by a syllogistic procedure in which the premises are true, frist and immediate in themselves and more knowable, anterior and causes in respect to the conclusion. By means of this meticulous procedure, we are able, according to Aquinas, to gain true knowledge, not only formally but truly in its relation to reality itself, what harmonizes with the realism professed by the author of the Commentary
Doutorado
Historia da Filosofia Medieval
Doutor em Filosofia
SOUSA, Leonardo Silva. "DA VONTADE DESESPERADA EM QUERER TORNAR-SE SI MESMO À TRISTEZA DE NUNCA SERMOS DOIS: a questão do eu em Kierkegaard e Mário de Sá-Carneiro." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1303.
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CAPES
This research aims to gather Soren Aabye Kierkegaard (1813 – 1855) phylosophy to the portuguese poet Mário de Sá Carneiro (1890 – 1916) through a theme that is developed in the authors’ works: the matter of myself. Kierkegaard develops this theme starting from the conception that man is a synthesis between heterogeneous elements – the finite and the infinite, the temporal and the eternal, the possibility and the necessity. In his literature, Sá-Carneiro deals with this issue presenting a subject in phycho disorder, characterized as a fragmented being, unable to balance personal desires and goals with reality. Although they develop this problem in different way in their works, we sustain the following hypothesis: both in Kierkegaard and in Sá-Carneiro we noticed the human being existing problem while looking for fufillments that may eliminate the incompleteness experience which lies inside the subject. To fight the problem of synthesis, facing despair, man must become him himself, with faith helping him trying to eliminate the mortal illness. In Mário de Sá Carneiro, there is a recurrence to the double, when the subject spreads trying to reach the accomplishment of something, harmonizing imagination and reality. The present paper aims to present how the authors develop this theme. To the development of the problem, we take as main works the texts Fear and fright (1843) and Human despair (1849), from the danish phylosopher and the novel Lucio’s confession (1913), from the portuguese writer. Lately, the work moves towards an interpretation of the short story “The man of the dreams”, from Sá-Carneiro, considering the aesthetic stage as the reading key to the text. In this analysis stage, we seek to find similarities between the character named Russo in Sá Carneiro’s short story, and Johannes, pseudonym and author of Diary of a seducer (1843), which lives this existence possibility. At last, we analyse two characters from Lucio’s confession still by the existence aesthetic stage perspective.
A pesquisa consiste em aproximar a filosofia de Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (1813-1855) da literatura do poeta português Mário de Sá-Carneiro (1890-1916) por meio de um tema que se desdobra nas obras dos autores: a questão do eu. Kierkegaard desenvolve este tema partindo da concepção de que o homem é uma síntese entre elementos heterogêneos – o finito e o infinito, o temporal e o eterno, a possibilidade e a necessidade. Em sua literatura, Sá-Carneiro trabalha esta questão apresentando um sujeito em desequilíbrio psíquico, caracterizado como um ser fragmentado, incapaz de equilibrar desejos e aspirações pessoais com a realidade. Embora desenvolvam este problema de forma diferente em suas obras, sustentamos a seguinte hipótese: tanto em Kierkegaard, quanto em Sá-Carneiro percebemos o problema da existência do ser humano enquanto busca por realizações que possam eliminar a experiência de incompletude que reside no interior do sujeito. Para enfrentar o problema da síntese, encarando o desespero, o homem deve tornar-se um si mesmo, com a fé a auxiliá-lo na tentativa de extirpar a enfermidade mortal. Em Mário de Sá-Carneiro, há a recorrência ao duplo, quando o sujeito se dispersa na tentativa de atingir a realização de algo, harmonizando imaginação e realidade. A presente dissertação objetiva apresentar como os autores desenvolvem este tema. Para o desenvolvimento do problema, tomaremos como obras principais os textos Temor e tremor (1843) e O desespero humano (1849) do filósofo dinamarquês e a narrativa A confissão de Lúcio (1913) do escritor português. Posteriormente, o trabalho incide para uma interpretação do conto “O homem dos sonhos”, de Sá-Carneiro, considerando o estádio estético como chave de leitura para o texto. Nesse estágio da análise, buscamos encontrar similaridades entre a personagem o Russo do conto de Sá-Carneiro, e Johannes, pseudônimo e autor de Diário de um sedutor (1843) que vivencia esta possibilidade de existência. Por fim, analisaremos duas personagens de A confissão de Lúcio ainda pela perspectiva do estádio estético da existência.
Farjat, Juliette. "Critique de la société et pratiques linguistiques : pour une philosophie sociale du langage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA100089.
Full textWhen we ask ourselves what social life consists of in concrete terms, one of the most intuitive answers is that in society, everything goes by way of language: all the activities we engage in (speaking, working, studying, politics, etc.) are carried out, lived through and expressed in language. Social philosophy, however, has paid little regard to linguistic phenomena, and it is to fill this gap that the present work was undertaken. To do so, I have chosen to turn to the Marxist intellectual and political tradition. This choice may come as a surprise to some, given that an insistence on the centrality of language has been the occasion for a rejection of this tradition. However, one of the originalities of Marxism is to consider society from the point of view of the activity of the individuals who constitute it, and language is both a specific practice in which we are engaged on a daily basis and an activity that is transversal to other social practices. This is why I propose to elaborate a social philosophy of language practices by starting from Marx’s scattered and little remarked upon texts on language, and by extending the insights that emerge from them through the construction of a dialogue with the human sciences – from anthropology to linguistics, history to literary theory. The thesis unfolds on three levels. First, I show that it is impossible truly to understand the nature and functioning of societies unless we analyze their linguistic practices. I argue, secondly, that any critique of society must include a critique of its language. And, finally, I underline the idea that processes of emancipation must be accompanied by a liberation of our relationship to language. For the idea of a better life in general is inseparable from that of a more fulfilled linguistic life
CHEN, SHU-CHUNG. "EASTERN AND WESTERN CULTURAL VALUES: IMPLICATION FOR TRAINING ASIAN COUNSELORS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1085605728.
Full textFerreira, Moisés David Sousa Gomes. "A liberdade do sentido: o simbólico nos horizontes do cuidar e do curar." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14224.
Full textMarques, Davina. "Experimentações : deleu-guatta-roseando a educação." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/252035.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo : Reafirmando as potências que existem na filosofia e na literatura, através de encontros entre textos de Gilles Deleuze-Félix Guattari e de contos de João Guimarães Rosa, este trabalho discute a educação como plano de imanência, como promotora de agenciamentos, como experimentação. Destacam-se também, neste texto, além de imanência e agenciamento, o conceitos de rizoma; territorialização/desterritorialização/reterritorialização; e rostidade. A discussão teórica é atravessada por textos literários que vibram os conceitos. A literatura pulsa criação, é ritmo que convida a. A arte, tão presente nos escritos de Deleuze-Guattari, atualiza também aqui os conceitos filosóficos, repetindo-os. Nessa repetição, em uma escrita-experimentação, repleta de movimentos, atravessada, que pulsa, que segue caminhos tresloucados, que faz fugir e agir, que evita um único rosto, reafirma-se a potência da educação. Cumprindo seu papel de dissertação de mestrado em Filosofia da Educação, o texto busca movimentar o nosso pensamento em uma área aberta, povoada por filósofos e artistas, que a atravessam com seus saberes. Por sugestão dos membros da banca examinadora, anexei à dissertação o filme-apresentação em DVD que fiz para a exposição deste trabalho no dia da defesa. Uma experimentação também, outra linguagem para falar desta e pensar a educação
Abstract : Reassuring the potentiality of philosophy and literature, through encounters of texts by Gilles Deleuze-Félix Guattari and short stories by João Guimarães Rosa, we have considered education as a plane of immanence, as a possibility of assemblage, as experimentation. Other philosophical concepts will be observed in education: rhizome, territorialization/deterritorialization/reterritorialization, and faciality. The theoretical argument will be related to literary texts which are connected to the concepts. Literature pulses creation, it is an inviting rhythm. Art, so present in Deleuze-Guattari¿s writings, actualizes the philosophical concepts, and it repeats them. In repetition, in na experimentation-writing, full of movements, crossings, pulsations, that follows surprising paths, that causes flight and acting, that avoids an only face, we can assure the potentiality of education. It is a master¿s dissertation in Philosophy of Education that aims to make our thoughts of education more open, by interconnecting philosophy and art, and the ways their specific knowledge is intertwined. A film-experimentation used to present this dissertation is attached to the written material, as suggested by the examining board
Mestrado
Filosofia da Educação
Mestre em Educação
FEROLDI, Alessandra. "La luce e lo stile gotico: una nuova modalità di organizzazione dello spazio sacro, una nuova visione dell’uomo e del rapporto con Dio. Le relazioni tra arte, religione e scienza nel passaggio dal XII al XIII secolo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/30776.
Full textSinicaitė-Karikova, Ramunė. "Informacinės technologijos ir matematikos mokymo filosofija." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20140627_171114-81206.
Full textThis theme paper analyses the phenomenon of information technologies in relation with the present knowledge-based society and the Web technologies in the process of education. The concept of learning process is discussed in the age of technological change. The constructivism based learning (constructionism learning theory) is presented in this paper too. Besides this, the most essential principles and tasks of connectivism which a learner is supposed to deal with in the digital surroundings are being analysed as well. Moreover, the issues raised by the phylosophy of mathematics education (and the phylosophy of mathematics) are also introduced in this paper. Finally, the reply search to the following issues – what role do computer-based technologies, modern internet technologies and services play in the process of teaching and learning mathematics; how do the above mentioned factors influence a process of education; what are the perspectives of the mentioned processes; how do the discussed issues change the process of teaching and learning mathematics – is analysed in the paper.
Barbosa, Junior Silvio Moreira. "O caráter indeterminado no problema da unidade do homem." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11755.
Full textThis work follows the way in wich Martin Heidegger surpasses the proposition of a Phylo sophic Antropology through his project of a Fundamental Ontology. The Phylosophic Antropology he has in sight is the one of Max Scheler, and the specific problem from wich he takes over is the constitution of a unitary idea of man. Through the analisys of existence, Heidegger shows that so the detrmined object determined by the Phylosophic Antropology, the man, as the way of adressing the question about it, wields within the domain of Traditional Metaphysisc and, by this interven tion, are not capable to offer the desired unity. The modus operandi of Phylosophic Antropology underlines a indetermined character of the questio about man that it ignores on it importance, dealing this indetermination of what man is as an obstacle to be overcomed. This work stabilishes this indetermination, made present in the question for the unity of man with the structural unity of Dasein put uncoverd in anguish. Through this relation it s shown not only the reason why Phylosophic Antropology can not offer a unitary idea of man, but also the way in wich Fundamental Ontology overdoes the proposal of a Phylosophic Antropology
Este trabalho acompanha o modo pelo qual Martin Heidegger supera a proposta de uma antropologia filosófica a partir do seu projeto de ontologia fundamental. A antropologia filosófica que tem em vista é a de Max Scheler, e o problema específico do qual parte é o problema em se constituir uma idéia unitária de homem. Através da analise da existência, Heidegger mostra que tanto o objeto determinado pela antropologia filosófica, o homem, quanto o modo de dirigir a pergunta sobre ele, exercem-se dentro do âmbito da metafísica tradicional e, em decorrência disto, não são capazes de oferecer a unidade almejada. O modo de operar da antropologia filosófica evidencia um caráter indeterminado na pergunta sobre o homem, que ela ignora em sua importância, tratando a indeterminação do que seja o homem como obstáculo a ser superado. Este trabalho relacionará esta indeterminação, feita patente na pergunta pela unidade do homem, com a unidade estrutural do Dasein posto a descoberto na angústia. Através desta relação fica patente não só porque a antropologia não pode oferecer uma idéia unitária de homem, como o modo pelo qual a ontologia fundamental supera a proposta de uma antropologia filosófica
Delsart, Didier. "La notion de "société ouverte" chez Bergson et Popper." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3024.
Full textIt is usually said, when talking about Bergson and Popper, that the former borrows the notion of “open society” to the latter and diverts its meaning. It is a mistake: when he puts this notion in the center of The open society and its enemies, Popper is convinced that he is the one who came up with the notion. When he learns that Bergson used it before him, he underlines the differences between both open societies, while admitting a similarity between both closed societies. But how, if the closed society opposes, by definition, the open society, and if both notions of “closed society” are similar, could both notions of “open society” be fundamentally dissimilar?We are wondering, in our first part, to what degree the two closed societies can be considered similar, and if it is possible to build a unified conception of both of them. We are first seeking to show how Bergson and Popper, while starting from different issues, end up reuniting on the notion of a closed natural morality. We are then showing that these two modalities of the closed – warrior exclusivism and conservative holism – are found in both authors, although they don’t give it the same degree of importance: a number of underlying differences are announcing the upcoming oppositions on the open society. These differences, however, do not prevent the elaboration of a unified conception for the closed society. We are following Bergson to articulate both modalities of the closed while considering that social cohesion comes partly from hostility towards enemies. Our second part questions if what first shows up as a contradiction between both open societies could not be considered rather as tensions among one same open society. We first insist on what can appear as contradictory by showing that openness doesn’t have the same meaning for Bergson it does for Popper: for the former, it’s stepping from the city to a society containing humanity. For the latter, it’s stepping to a city where man’s critical powers are liberated. Popper’s open society is closed to Bergson, and Bergson’s open society is, to Popper, an expression of the longing for the unity of the closed society. But the contradiction comes from comparing each author’s preferred modality for openness, which differs. It is necessary, to have a better vision, to compare the rationalist modality of openness for both authors, as well as the mystical modality of openness for one and the other.By proceeding to this comparison, we can show that these two modalities are both a way for a society to transcend nature, for it to be inventive or creative. When it comes to the rationalist modality of openness, Popper is the one who manages to show its creative aspect, in both theory and practice – Bergson being restrained to do so by his conception of intelligence; when it comes to the mystical modality, it is Bergson who shows how it allows a society to transcend, at least partially, nature – Popper being restrained to do so by his conception of love.From this point, it doesn’t seem impossible to elaborate a unified conception for the open society articulating both of these modalities: the rationalist modality of openness is based on faith in human fraternity, which can only reach its fullest with the mystical modality. It is true that there is tension between these two modalities of openness, but their balance is necessary for a society that opens up: the mystical modality’s presence prevents the rationalist modality, that allows conflict, to fall into warrior degeneracy; the rationalist modality’s presence prevents the mystical modality, that transcends conflicts in enthusiasm, to degenerate into “mystical nationalism”
Chung, jung-jang, and 鍾贇揚. "The study of the moral phylosophy of Mencius." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22062689933896085068.
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