Relevant bibliographies by topics / Phylum cnidaria

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Academic literature on the topic 'Phylum cnidaria'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Phylum cnidaria"

1

Van Iten, Heyo. "Affinities and class-level systematics of the phylum Cnidaria." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008571.

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Phylogenetic relationships among the cnidarian classes Anthozoa, Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa, and between Cnidaria and other metazoan phyla, continue to be subject to widely divergent interpretations. Also controversial are the affinities of numerous fossil groups, including Byronia Bischoff, Sphenothallus Hall and conulariids, that have been interpreted as extinct cnidarians. Currently favored interpretations of evolution within Cnidaria are generally consistent with one of two alternative hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships: scyphozoans and anthozoans are members of a monophylclic group that excludes hydrozoans; or scyphozoans and hydrozoans are members of a monophyletic group that excludes anthozoans. Putative anthozoan-scyphozoan synapomorphies include (1) gastric septa present; (2) cnidae present in both ectoderm and gastroderm; (3) sex cells gastrodermal; and (4) mesoglea contains amoeboid cells. Putative hydrozoan-scyphozoan synapomorphies include (1) medusa present; (2) tetraradial symmetry; (3) rhopaloid nematocysts; and (4) similarities in sperm structure.Evaluation of alternative hypotheses of relationships within Cnidaria is complicated by uncertainty surrounding relationships between this and other metazoan phyla. While some investigators have interpreted Cnidaria and Ctenophora as members of a monophyletic group that excludes other phyla, others have argued that ctenophorans are more closely related to platyhelminths than they are to cnidarians. Putative cnidarian-ctenophoran synapomorphies include (1) production of cells modified for prey capture; and (2) presence of a medusa. Putative ctenophoran-platyhelminth synapomorphies include (1) presence of gonoducts; (2) ciliated cells with several to many cilia; (3) determinate cleavage; and (4) muscle cells developed from mesoderm. Comparisons of these and other phyla indicate that the strongest hypotheses of synapomorphy are those between cnidarians and ctenophorans. Ctenophorans do not have a mesoderm, and they lack complex reproductive structures that can be homologized with platyhelminth gonoducts. Similarities between ctenophorans and platyhelminths in ciliation and cleavage type are either non-homologous or shared primitive. The most recent common ancestor of ctenophorans and cnidarians was probably a medusa-like animal with circular and meridional muscle fibers and a non-septate digestive cavity having four radial canals. This cavity probably lacked cells specialized for prey capture, but glutinant prey-capture structures may have been present on tentacles. Sperm produced by this common ancestor were most similar to sperm of extant ctenophorans, hydrozoans and scyphozoans. Anatomical features unique to ctenophorans or cnidarians, regarded by some investigators as evidence against a close relationship between these two groups, are autapomorphies. These interpretations imply that putative hydrozoan-scyphozoan synapomorphies are actually shared primitive, and that the presence of gastric septa and cnidae-bearing gastric filaments in scyphozoans and anthozoans is shared derived. This would mean that the most parsimonious hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships within Cnidaria is that anthozoans and scyphozoans are members of a monophyletic group that excludes hydrozoans.Debate over relationships among these extant taxa has heightened interest in the affinities of prominent groups of problematic fossil cnidarians. Byronia Bischoff, Sphenothallus Hall and conulariids, all characterized by an apatitic, multilamellar theca, show detailed anatomical similarities to hydrozoans and/or scyphozoans. Putative synapomorphies linking Byronia and coronatid scyphozoans include the presence of multiple whorls of thorn-like nodes projecting into the thecal cavity, with each whorl consisting of eight nodes arranged in two sets of four nodes each. Sphenothallus, characterized by a pair of tentacles and, in some species, multiple branching, is most similar to hydrozoan and scyphozoan polyps, many of which are colonial or exhibit a single pair of tentacles early in their development. Similarities in hard- and soft-part anatomy between scyphozoans and conulariids suggest that conulariids, like scyphozoans, possessed four gastric septa and produced medusae through polydisc strobilation. Although conulariids have been interpreted as ancestral to extant cnidarians, they are more likely either a sister group to Scyphozoa or members of this class.
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DALY, MARYMEGAN, MERCER R. BRUGLER, PAULYN CARTWRIGHT, ALLEN G. COLLINS, MICHAEL N. DAWSON, DAPHNE G. FAUTIN, SCOTT C. FRANCE, et al. "The phylum Cnidaria: A review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity 300 years after Linnaeus*." Zootaxa 1668, no. 1 (December 21, 2007): 127–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.11.

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Systema Naturae includes representatives of every major lineage of the animal phylum Cnidaria. However, Linnaeus did not classify the members of the phylum as is now done, and the diversity of the group is not well represented. We contrast the Linnaean perspective on cnidarian diversity with the modern, phylogenetic perspective. For each order, we detail diversity at the family level, providing phylogenetic context where possible.
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Stabili, Loredana, Maria Parisi, Daniela Parrinello, and Matteo Cammarata. "Cnidarian Interaction with Microbial Communities: From Aid to Animal’s Health to Rejection Responses." Marine Drugs 16, no. 9 (August 23, 2018): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16090296.

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The phylum Cnidaria is an ancient branch in the tree of metazoans. Several species exert a remarkable longevity, suggesting the existence of a developed and consistent defense mechanism of the innate immunity capable to overcome the potential repeated exposure to microbial pathogenic agents. Increasing evidence indicates that the innate immune system in Cnidarians is not only involved in the disruption of harmful microorganisms, but also is crucial in structuring tissue-associated microbial communities that are essential components of the Cnidarian holobiont and useful to the animal’s health for several functions, including metabolism, immune defense, development, and behavior. Sometimes, the shifts in the normal microbiota may be used as “early” bio-indicators of both environmental changes and/or animal disease. Here the Cnidarians relationships with microbial communities and the potential biotechnological applications are summarized and discussed.
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Cartwright, Paulyn, and Annalise M. Nawrocki. "Character Evolution in Hydrozoa (phylum Cnidaria)." Integrative and Comparative Biology 50, no. 3 (July 9, 2010): 456–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icq089.

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Adachi, Kenta, Hiroshi Miyake, Takashi Kuramochi, Kanta Mizusawa, and Sei-ichi Okumura. "Genome size distribution in phylum Cnidaria." Fisheries Science 83, no. 1 (December 3, 2016): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12562-016-1050-4.

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Fautin, Daphne Gail. "Reproduction of Cnidaria." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 1735–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-133.

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Empirical and experimental data on cnidarian reproduction show it to be more variable than had been thought, and many patterns that had previously been deduced hold up poorly or not at all in light of additional data. The border between sexual and asexual reproduction appears to be faint. This may be due to analytical tools being insufficiently powerful to distinguish between the two, but it may be that a distinction between sexual and asexual reproduction is not very important biologically to cnidarians. Given the variety of modes by which it is now evident that asexual reproduction occurs, its ecological and evolutionary implications have probably been underestimated. Appropriate analytical frameworks and strategies must be developed for these morphologically simple animals, in which sexual reproduction may not be paramount, that during one lifetime may pass though two or more phases differing radically in morphology and ecology, that may hybridize, that are potentially extremely long-lived, and that may transmit through both sexual and asexual reproduction mutations arising in somatic tissue. In cnidarians, perhaps more than in any other phylum, reproductive attributes have been used to define taxa, but they do so at a variety of levels and not necessarily in the way they have conventionally been considered. At the species level, in Scleractinia, in which these features have been most studied, taxa defined on the basis of morphology, sexual reproduction, and molecular characters may not coincide; there are insufficient data to determine if this is true throughout the phylum. At the class level, transverse fission occurs in members of all three major taxa but is rare outside Scyphozoa, the group of which it is considered characteristic (pending more research, its absence in Cubozoa should be ascribed to poor knowledge). Understanding the role of transverse fission in the ecology and reproductive biology of hydrozoans and anthozoans could shed light on scyphozoan evolutionary history, and elucidating its morphogenesis in all groups is essential to determining if it is homologous across the classes. Only by comparing aspects of reproduction among cnidarians of various taxa will idiosyncratically adaptive strategies be distinguished from reproductive characters that reflect evolution and so are phylogenetically informative.
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Americus, Benjamin, Brett M. Austin, Tamar Lotan, Jerri L. Bartholomew, and Stephen D. Atkinson. "In vitro and in vivo assays reveal that cations affect nematocyst discharge in Myxobolus cerebralis (Cnidaria: Myxozoa)." Parasitology 147, no. 12 (July 14, 2020): 1352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020001158.

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AbstractMyxozoans are parasitic, microscopic cnidarians that have retained the phylum-characteristic stinging capsules called nematocysts. Free-living cnidarians, like jellyfish and corals, utilize nematocysts for feeding and defence, with discharge powered by osmotic energy. Myxozoans use nematocysts to anchor to their fish hosts in the first step of infection, however, the discharge mechanism is poorly understood. We used Myxobolus cerebralis, a pathogenic myxozoan parasite of salmonid fishes, and developed two assays to explore the nature of its nematocyst discharge. Using parasite actinospores, the infectious stage to fish, we stimulated discharge of the nematocysts with rainbow trout mucus in vitro, in solutions enriched with chloride salts of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Gd3+, and quantified discharge using microscopy. We then used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the in vivo effects of these treatments, plus Mg2+ and the common aquaculture disinfectant KMnO₄, on the ability of M. cerebralis actinospores to infect fish. We found that Mg2+ and Gd3+ reduced infection in vivo, whereas Na+ and K+ over-stimulated nematocyst discharge in vitro and reduced infection in vivo. These findings align with nematocyst discharge behaviour in free-living Cnidaria, and suggest phylum-wide commonalties, which could be exploited to develop novel approaches for controlling myxozoan diseases in aquaculture.
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Mokady, Ofer, and Leo W. Buss. "Transmission Genetics of Allorecognition in Hydractinia symbiolmgicarpus (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)." Genetics 143, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 823–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/143.2.823.

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Abstract Allorecognition is ubiquitous, or nearly so, amongst colonial invertebrates. Despite the prominent role that such phenomena have played both in evolutionary theory and in speculations on the origin of the vertebrate immune system, unambiguous data on the transmission genetics of fusibility (i.e., the ability of two individuals to fuse upon tissue contact) is lacking for any metazoan outside of the phylum Chordata. We have developed lines of the hydroid Hydractinia symbiolongzcarpus (Phylum Cnidaria) inbred for fusibility and here report results of breeding experiments establishing that fusibility segregates as expected for a single locus with codominantly expressed alleles, with one shared allele producing a fusible phenotype. Surveys of fusibility in field populations and additional breeding experiments indicate the presence of an extensive allele series.
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Kitchen, Sheila A., Camerron M. Crowder, Angela Z. Poole, Virginia M. Weis, and Eli Meyer. "De NovoAssembly and Characterization of Four Anthozoan (Phylum Cnidaria) Transcriptomes." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 5, no. 11 (September 17, 2015): 2441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.115.020164.

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Atkinson, Stephen D., Jerri L. Bartholomew, and Tamar Lotan. "Myxozoans: Ancient metazoan parasites find a home in phylum Cnidaria." Zoology 129 (August 2018): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2018.06.005.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Phylum cnidaria"

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Watkins, Russell Floyd. "Dynamics of mitochondrial genome evolution in the lower metazoan phyla Porifera, Cnidaria and Ctenophera." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61692.pdf.

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Malúšová, Klára. "Metody a strategie výuky žahavců se zaměřením na medúzy v přírodopisu na základní škole." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-436641.

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This diploma thesis deals with the topic of phylum cnidaria as it is being taught in biology classes at primary schools and grammar schools. This work is divided into three parts. The first part deals the position of the topic of phylum cnidaria among curricular documents. It states its classification in the Czech Framework education programme (for Elementary Education) and some chosen School Education Programme. Furthermore, this part analyses the topic as it is written in biology class books, with the clause by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. Representatives of phylum cnidaria that are mentioned in biology class books are characterised more thoroughly within the scope of the analysis. The second part of the thesis deals with the teaching methods and forms that are used in teaching biology the most frequently and the questionnaire research that tells us which forms and methods are being used the most by teachers to teach about phylum cnidaria and what specific activities they employ in class. The last part of the thesis consists of suggestions for practical activities for teaching the topic of phylum cnidarian inspired by the results of the survey and a description of educational excursion to the World of Jellyfish aquarium with 6th grade pupils. KEYWORDS phylum...
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Books on the topic "Phylum cnidaria"

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Berntson, Ewann Agenbroad. Evolutionary patterns within the Anthozoa (Phylum Cnidaria) reflected in ribosomal gene sequences. Woods Hole, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, 1998.

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Sponges and other minor phyla. Chicago, Ill: Raintree, 2005.

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Licandro, Priscilla, Astrid Fischer, and Dhugal J. Lindsay. Cnidaria: Scyphozoa and Non-Colonial Hydrozoa. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233267.003.0018.

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This chapter describes the taxonomy of scyphozoa and non-colonial hydrozoa. The Phylum Cnidaria assembles highly diverse primitive invertebrates that carry stinging cells called cnida. The presence of cnida, which are organized in specialized structures called cnidocysts (or nematocysts), makes the organisms of this group venomous to varying degrees. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.
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Thomson, Robert G., and Peter Abramoff. Kingdom Animalia: Phyla Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora: Separate from Laboratory Outlines in Biology VI. W. H. Freeman, 1995.

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Key questions in biodiversity: a study and revision guide. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248630.0000.

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Abstract An understanding of biodiversity is an important requirement of a wide range of programs of study including biology, zoology, wildlife conservation and environmental science. This book is a study and revision guide for students following such programs in which biodiversity is an important component. It contains 600 multiple-choice questions (and answers) set at three levels namley foundation, intermediate and advanced, and grouped into 10 major topic area: principles of classification and taxonomy; comparative anatomy and physiology; protoctists, monerans, fungi, lichens and acellular organisms; lower plants and pteridophytes; seed-bearing plants; sponges, cnidarians, nematodes and minor animal phyla; platyhelminths, annelids and molluscs; arthropods and echinoderms; fishes, amphibians and reptiles; and b0. Birds and mammals. The book has been produced in a convenient format so that it can be used at any time in any place. It allows the reader to learn and revise the meaning of terms used in animal and plant classification, the principles of comparative physiology, and the characteristics of, and diversity in, the major animal and plant taxa. The structure of the book allows the study of one topic area or group of taxa at a time, progressing through simple questions to those that are more demanding. Many of the questions require students to use their knowledge to identify organisms and biological structures from drawings or photographs.
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Book chapters on the topic "Phylum cnidaria"

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Morandini, André C., Márcio R. Custódio, and Antonio C. Marques. "Phylum Porifera and Cnidaria." In Marine and Freshwater Toxins, 1–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6650-1_6-1.

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Morandini, André C., Márcio R. Custódio, and Antonio C. Marques. "Phylum Porifera and Cnidaria." In Marine and Freshwater Toxins, 287–316. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6419-4_6.

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Santhanam, Ramasamy. "Biology of Marine Cnidarians [Phylum Cnidaria (= Coelenterata)]." In Biology and Ecology of Venomous Marine Cnidarians, 7–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1603-0_2.

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Santhanam, Ramasamy, Santhanam Ramesh, and Gubbiyappa Shivakumar. "Biology and Ecology of Cnidarians [Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata)]." In Biology and Ecology of Pharmaceutical Marine Cnidarians, 7–12. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429200038-2.

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Van Iten, Heyo, Juliana M. Leme, Mírian L. A. F. Pacheco, Marcello G. Simões, Thomas R. Fairchild, Fábio Rodrigues, Douglas Galante, Paulo C. Boggiani, and Antonio C. Marques. "Origin and Early Diversification of Phylum Cnidaria: Key Macrofossils from the Ediacaran System of North and South America." In The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future, 31–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31305-4_3.

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Rees, Paul A. "Sponges, cnidarians, nematodes and minor animal phyla." In Key questions in biodiversity: a study and revision guide, 87–102. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248630.0006.

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Abstract This chapter contains questions on the classification, characteristics and anatomy of the Porifera, Cnidaria, Nematoda and a number of minor zoological phyla represented by relatively small numbers of species. The questions are divided into three levels, i.e. foundation, intermediate, and advanced. Knowledge of basic facts are dealt with at the foundation level while the intermediate level and advanced levels contain questions involving more obscure facts and concepts.
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Deserti, María Irene, Priscila A. Grohmann, and Sérgio N. Stampar. "Phylum Cnidaria." In Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates, 93–99. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-804225-0.00004-6.

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Jankowski, Thomas, and Boris Anokhin. "Phylum Cnidaria." In Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates, 93–111. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385024-9.00004-6.

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Folino-Rorem, Nadine C. "Phylum Cnidaria." In Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates, 159–79. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385026-3.00009-7.

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Campbell, Richard D. "Phylum Cnidaria." In Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates, 85–89. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-385028-7.00004-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Phylum cnidaria"

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Premaratne, Upeka, and Saman Halgamuge. "Hybrid optimization algorithms resembling the life cycles of organisms of Phylum Cnidaria." In 2014 International Conference on Advances in Electronics, Computers and Communications (ICAECC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaecc.2014.7002458.

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