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Zealand, Donovan Dominic. "A physical activity programme to support the development of Namibian youth in an 'at-risk' context." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50274.
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Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The positive relationship between physical activity and recreation and a reduction in risk factors for youth has extensive historical roots. The definition of youth in an at-risk context has evolved over the years and may be conceptualized on a continuum ranging from low risk to chronic deviance. Many factors predispose youth to behavioural risk factors. These predisposing factors include variables related to the individual (self), family, peers, school, and community. The current situation in Namibia suggests that there is need for concern about youth in an at-risk context, and that efforts to minimize risk factors for youth will provide diverse personal and social benefits. Strategies involving physical activity and recreation appear particularly promising in minimizing risk factors for youth. Physical activity and recreational participation can provide positive benefits related to psychological health, physical health, familial interaction, peer influence, academic performance, community development, and other lifestyle behaviours. The documentation supporting the enormous potential of physical activity and recreational programmes to positively influence youth in an at-risk context cannot be ignored. The 305 participants in the survey and the 35 participants from the Physically Active Youth (PAY) Group provided invaluable input into this research. All participants provided unique insight. Throughout the research it became increasingly apparent that there is incredible potential for physical activity initiatives to positively impact on youth in an at-risk context. Physical activity can help youth in an at-risk context by improving self-esteem, providing positive role models, teaching teamwork and social skills, promoting self-confidence, providing a sense of belonging. reducing risk factors for disease, giving youth something constructive to do, providing a means of releasing stress, promoting positive morals and values, teaching cognitive, leadership and life skills, providing a sense of community, fostering family support, and promoting the wellness of youth. At the end of the PAY pilot project all learners showed remarkable increases in their fitness levels, their attitudes changed towards being more positive and the programme showed a passing rate of 91%. Many organizations are currently providing programmes or services that directly or indirectly impact on youth in an at-risk context. There was a general consensus that these efforts is in need of government policy that will result in better coordination of such programmes. Successful programmes need to have youth spearheading the initiative. Programmes also need to be flexible, accommodating, inexpensive (or free), with good leadership and community support. Programmes directed towards youth in an at-risk context should be non-threatening, emphasizing participation, and not competition. The research evidence suggest that there is a need to empower marginalized youth, provide good leadership, establish parental support, provide increased government support, develop partnerships, create youth centres, reform current programming initiatives to reflect the needs of youth in an at-risk context, and continue research are some of the primary concerns. The need to approach youth in an at-risk context issues holistically was also a pervasive attitude. Physical activity and recreation can provide both prevention and intervention functions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die positiewe verhouding tussen liggaamlike aktiwiteit en ontspanning en 'n afname in risikofaktore vir die jeug het 'n omvangryke geskiedenis. Die definisie van jeugdiges binne 'n risiko-konteks het oor die jare heen ontwikkel en kan gekonseptualiseer word op 'n kontinuum wat van laerisiko- tot chroniese afwyking strek. Daar is baie faktore wat die jeug vatbaar maak vir risiko ten opsigte van gedrag. Hierdie predisponerende faktore sluit veranderlikes in wat verband hou met die individu (self), die gesin, die portuurgroep, die skool en die gemeenskap. In die huidige situasie in Namibië is daar aanduidings dat daar rede vir kommer is wat betref jeugdiges binne 'n risiko-konteks, en dat pogings om risikofaktore vir die jeug te minimaliseer baie voordeel inhou, op persoonlike sowel as sosiale vlak. Dit blyk dat strategieë wat liggaamlike aktiwiteit en deelname in ontspanningsbedrywighede insluit, veel kan bydra om risikofaktore vir die jeug te minimaliseer. Liggaamlike aktiwiteit en deelname aan ontspanningsbedrywighede kan bydra tot die bevordering van die geestes- en liggaamlike gesondheid, gesinsinteraksie, invloed van die portuurgroep, akademiese prestasie, gemeenskapsontwikkeling, asook ander vorme van lewenstylgedrag van jongmense. Die dokumentasie oor die geweldige potensiaal wat liggaamlike aktiwiteit en ontspanningsprogramme het om die jeug op 'n positiewe wyse te beïnvloed, mag nie misken word nie. Die 305 deelnemers aan die ondersoek, en die 35 deelnemers van die Liggaamlikaktiewe Groep (Engels: Physically Active Youth Group oftewel PAY Group) het waardevolle insette tot hierdie navorsing gemaak. Elke deelnemer het 'n unieke insig bygedra. Namate daar met die navorsing gevorder is, het dit toenemend duidelik geword dat daar 'n ongelooflike potensiaal bestaan vir inisiatiewe vir liggaamlike aktiwiteite om 'n positiewe uitwerking te hê op jeugdiges binne 'n risiko-konteks. Liggaamlike aktiwiteit kan jeugdiges binne 'n risiko-konteks help deur hul gevoel van eiewaarde te verhoog, positiewe rolmodelle te verskaf, vir hulle spanwerk en sosiale vaardighede aan te leer, hul selfvertroue te bevorder, hulle te laat voel dat hulle êrens behoort, risikofaktore vir siekte te verminder, hulle iets opbouends te gee om hulle mee besig te hou, 'n manier te bied waarop hulle van stres ontslae kan raak, positiewe sedes en waardes te leer, kognitiewe, leierskaps- en lewensvaardighede te leer. 'n gemeenskapsbewustheid te kweek, gesinsondersteuning te bevorder, en ook hulle algemene welstand te bevorder. Aan die einde van die PAY-projek het al die leerders 'n merkwaardige verhoging in hul fiksheidsvlakke getoon, en was hulle houding baie meer positief. Die program het 'n slaagsyfer van 91% gehad. Daar is tans baie organisasies wat programme of dienste aanbied wat direk óf indirek 'n invloed het op jeugdiges binne 'n risiko-konteks. Daar was eenstemmigheid dat hierdie poging op regeringsbeleid moet kan steun wat tot beter koordinering van sodanige programme sal lei. In suksesvolle programme moet jeugdiges aan die voorpunt van die inisiatiewe wees. Programme behoort soepel en aanpasbaar te wees, hulle moet óf bekostigbaar óf gratis wees, en daar moet sterk leierskap en gemeenskapsondersteuning wees. Programme wat op jeugdiges binne 'n risiko-konteks gerig is moet deelnemers nie bedreig laat voel nie, en behoort deelname eerder as wedywering te beklemtoon. Die navorsing het bewys dat daar 'n behoefte is om gemarginaliseerde jeugdiges te bemagtig, om goeie leierskap daar te stel, om ouerondersteuning te vestig, om verhoogde regeringsondersteuning te verskaf, om vennootskappe te ontwikkel, om jeugsentrums te skep, om huidige programinisiatiewe te omskep sodat hulle die behoeftes van jeugdiges binne 'n risiko-konteks weerspieël, en om met navorsing voort te gaan. Hierdie is sommige van die primêre sake wat aandag vereis. 'n Houding wat deurgaans voorgekom het, was die noodsaaklikheid daarvan om kwessies rakende jeugdiges binne 'n risiko-konteks holisties te benader. Liggamlike aktiwiteit en ontspanning' kan beide voorkomings- en intervensiefunksies bied.
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Kimball, Reginald S. "Sixth grade fitness levels and the FitnessGram assessment program /." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2007. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Woodfield, Lorayne Angela. "Young people's physical activity, attitudes towards physical education, and health related fitness." Thesis, Coventry University, 2008. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/967fa15e-56a2-40cf-892a-7de2ba417114/1.
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The aim of this study was to assess the physical activity, attitudes towards physical education, and health related fitness at two points, one year apart (Phase One and Phase Two). Three hundred and ninety four secondary school pupils of mixed ethnicities from National Curriculum school years 7, 8 and 9 (mean age ± S.D. = 12.9 ± 0.81 years) participated in phase one of the study. Two hundred and sixty seven pupils (from the original 394 participants) from National Curriculum school years 8, 9 and 10 (mean age ± S.D. = 13.7 ± 0.79 years) took part in phase two one year later. Physical activity was measured using the four by one-day physical activity recall questionnaire (Cale, 1993). Attitude was measured using the Pre-Adolescent Attitude towards Physical Education Questionnaire (PAAPEQ) (Shropshire, 1997). Five components of health related fitness were measured in a randomly selected sub-sample (35%) of the overall sample: body composition (measured using skinfold measures and body mass index); cardiovascular endurance (measured using the twenty metre multistage fitness test, Brewer et al., 1988); flexibility (measured using the sit and reach test); muscular strength (measured using hand grip dynamometry); and muscular endurance (measured using situps). Results of repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant decrease in energy expenditure between phase one and phase two (p<0.01) and young people’s energy expenditure was higher during weekends (especially Saturdays) than during school days (p<0.01). Young Asians were found to expend less energy than white and black pupils (p<0.01) and boys expended more energy than girls (p<0.01). No main effect according to school year was found (p>0.05) although a significant ‘time’ by ‘days’ of the week interaction was revealed; pupils in Year 8 were more active on school days than those in Years 7 and 9 (p<0.05). Non-parametric analyses conducted on time spent in moderate physical activity (MPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) indicated that: MPA and VPA decreased between phases one and two; Asians consistently spent less time in MPA than white and black pupils (p<0.01); boys engaged in more MPA and VPA than girls (p<0.01). However, the difference in mean reported time for boys and girls decreased between phases one and two. Percentages of the whole sample meeting optimal activity guidelines and percentages classified as active or moderately active decreased between measurements for the whole sample. With regard to attitudes towards PE, results from MANOVA revealed a significant ‘school year’ x ‘ethnicity’ x ‘gender’ interaction (p<0.05). Attitudes of black males became more positive with age whereas the attitudes of other groups followed an age related decline. Significant main effects were found according to school year (p<0.01) and ethnicity (p<0.05). Attitude towards PE became less favourable with school year. Asian pupils had more positive overall attitudes than white and black pupils but univariate analysis revealed that Asian pupils had a less positive attitude towards their PE teacher (p<0.05). Furthermore, Pearson’s product moment correlations indicated weak yet significant positive relationships between total attitude towards PE and energy expenditure (p<0.01), time spent in moderate activity (p<0.05) and time spent in vigorous activity (p<0.01). Results of repeated measures ANOVA conducted on health related fitness data revealed that, for all groups, body fat (p<0.05) and muscular endurance (p<0.01) increased between phases one and two. In both phases, significant positive relationships were found between muscular endurance and energy expenditure (p<0.01) and vigorous activity (p<0.05 and p<0.01 for phases one and two respectively). Therefore, young people who were more active had greater levels of muscular endurance. No further consistent findings were made. Findings indicate that generally young people’s physical activity decreases with age and that girls are less active than boys although as young people age the physical activity gap between the genderes narrows. Findings also lend support to the idea that cultural differences may influence physical activity levels and attitudes towards PE. Furthermore, associations between physical activity and attitude towards PE exist and therefore, attitude may be used to predict physical activity behaviour. Ethnicity, age, and attitude towards PE should be considered in the development of future interventions to increase young people’s physical activity levels. However, as the current study did not reveal strong associations between physical activity and health related fitness, further research is required in the area.
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Dickson, Caroline. "What is a girl's experience of physical activity? a qualitative descriptive study : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science, (MHSc), 2008." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/470.
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Wong, Peggy. "Establishing criteria to assess levels of habitual activity in Hong Kong students." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31675463.
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Lee, Jessica. "Physical activity and physical culture in the lives of rural young people /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19404.pdf.
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Pitkethly, Amanda Jane. "Examining the role of self-regulated learning in adolescent physical activity behaviour." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/222.
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Introduction Physical activity (PA) engagement is highly beneficial for adolescents and although interventions are shown to be effective, participants often return to former PA levels once the intervention is removed. Adolescents may lack explicit training in psychological and behaviour change skills required to sustain PA behaviour changes, such as self-regulation. SR is a key process in psychological functioning and its failure can result in impulse control problems, such as a tendency not to engage in behaviours that require a delay of gratification such as physical activity. Purpose Self-regulated learning (SRL) is an approach that focusses on how to make improvements through a systematic method of learning how to adapt to ever changing environments, i.e. through planning, self-monitoring, effort, self-efficacy, self-evaluation and reflection. Study 1 examined the effectiveness of studies examining SRL variables in a PA context. Study 2 translated and validated an English language SRL questionnaire to measure SRL in a Chinese adolescent population. Study 3 assessed the contribution of SRL variables to PA in both Chinese and Scottish adolescent samples. In preparation for study 5, study 4 qualitatively assessed Chinese students’ motivation for and engagement in PA. Finally, study 5 taught SRL skills in a PA context with the aim of positively impacting on adolescent PA levels. Methods and Results In study 1 a systematic review of the literature was conducted. The majority of reviewed studies demonstrated a positive effect of SRL variables on PA. The review highlighted a lack of research conducted using SRL theory. Study 2 translated and validated a Chinese version of an SRL questionnaire with 315 (and cross-validated with 480) Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. The short SRL-SRS-C was found to be a sufficiently reliable instrument to measure SRL in a Hong Kong Chinese adolescent population. In study 3, a cross-sectional study of 480 Hong Kong and 411 Scottish adolescents was conducted to assess the relationship SRL and physical activity. Results revealed that adolescents from Hong Kong and Scotland do not engage in sufficient PA to achieve the potential health benefits that PA can provide. Significantly more use of self-monitoring, self-evaluation and reflection was associated with significantly higher LTPA in Scottish adolescents. In both samples, SRL was weakly but significantly associated with higher PA, and self-efficacy and reflection played significant roles this SRL-PA relationship. Study 4 conducted two qualitative focus group interviews and found that most Chinese adolescents only engaged in PA during limited physical education classes. Most students were knowledgeable of the health benefits of PA, however, academic pressures and the effort required to overcome PA barriers was too great. Students propose that walking more and felt that novel ways to encourage PA, such as through WhatsApp, were worthwhile. Finally, study 4 used a quasi-experimental design with three groups (total n = 98) Hong Kong Chinese secondary school students. Peers modelled SRL skills and the learning was prompted either face-to-face or through Whatsapp. Meaningful, but not significant, mean value increases in PA and SRL were found. SRL was weakly but positive and significantly associated with PA, and reflection emerged as the key SRL component in the SRL-PA relationship. Conclusions SRL and PA are weak, but positive and significantly associated. Importantly, reflection has emerged as a significant predictor of adolescent PA. Adolescents with better SRL and reflective skills may be more aware of their strengths and weaknesses and able to translate this knowledge into future action. Considering that SRL skills are amenable to training, further experimental research should focus on teaching SRL strategies, particularly reflection, and assessing their impact on PA. SRL research in the adolescent PA area is promising but is at an early stage. Therefore, further research is recommended before strong conclusions can be made.
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Matheri, Joseph Mwangi. "Physical inactivity among adolescents with physical disabilities attending high schools in Kenya." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3717_1258009225.
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Physical inactivity together with overweight and obesity has emerged as a major health risk factor for chronic disease of lifestyle as coronary heart disease, diabetes type 2, and hypertension affecting adolescents with physical disabilities in developed countries. This has contributed to the increase of social and economic costs of healthcare and social services in these countries. Review of literature has revealed that little has been documented about the status of adolescents with physical disabilities in developing countries. This study, therefore, aimed at establishing the degree of physical inactivity among high school adolescents with physical disabilities in Kenya.
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Yu, Mei-fong. "A study of physical fitness and academic performance of teenagers." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13786982.
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Hazuga, Rachel J. "Effects of a sports performance training program on adolescent athletes." Connect to online version, 2009. http://www.oregonpdf.org/search-results.cfm?crit=catid&searchString=PE+4877.
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Peterson, John C. (John Charles) 1956. "Effect of gender on fitness performance variables (Argyle test battery) in high school students." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64050.
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Arcidiacono, Steven. "Predicting Cardiovascular Fitness in Ethnic Minority Youth: A Comparison of Demographic, Body Composition, and Physical Activity Variables." Diss., NSUWorks, 2017. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/112.
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Prevalence of obesity, low physical activity, and poor physical fitness of youth in the United States are increasingly poor and in need of intervention to prevent later concerns like hypertension. The overall goal of this dissertation was to examine which factors weigh heaviest in predicting cardiovascular fitness in diverse youth, and how we might measure those factors by maximizing clinical utility and psychometric properties. The sample was gathered from a larger study examining physical activity in youth from Miami-Dade county enrolled in out-of-school programs. Participants (N = 58) were aged 6-17 and comprised exclusively of Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black children and adolescents, the majority of whom were from low-income families. Predictors of fitness were gathered in three primary categories: demographic variables (age, gender, race/ethnic category, family income level), body composition (Body Mass Index [BMI] percentile, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis [BIA]-measured body fat percentage), and habitual physical activity (accelerometer-measured counts per minute). These factors were entered in a hierarchical regression model to predict cardiorespiratory fitness measured by performance on a 20-meter shuttle run. Physical activity was not found to be significantly associated with fitness, and the effect size of this relationship was small, particularly when considering the impact of demographic and body composition variables. Overall, results reinforced the need for interventions to improve body composition and increase physical activity: the average participant was at the 81st percentile of BMI, had 26% body fat, was sedentary for approximately 84% of awake time, and only spent a few minutes per day engaging in vigorous physical activity. There were significant main effects of gender and race/ethnic category such that males and Non-Hispanic Black participants generally spent a greater proportion of time engaging in physical activity, with less sedentary time. Being female, younger, and having less body fat was associated with performance in the healthy fitness range when considering the impact of other variables, even though boys and older participants had more laps on the shuttle run. Findings presented in this dissertation indicate a continued need to develop technology with high utility, validity, and reliability to measure and improve indicators of health in diverse, low-income youth.
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Figaji, Tamara Ann. "Impact of a lifestyle physical activity intervention on school going children's physical activity participation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6968_1297753030.
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Associated with physical inactivity and obesity are numerous other health risks which have become a major health concern. A steady decrease in the levels of physical activity during childhood and adolescents have been noted in various parts of the world. The picture of low physical activity levels in developed countries is no different in developing countries. Children spend the majority of their day at school therefore a school setting is ideal to conduct physical activity intervention studies The primary aim of this study was to measure the effect of an intervention programme on the physical activity participation levels among school going children and adolescents. The study was carried out at an urban independent Catholic school. The sample, which was conveniently selected, which included 100 learners from grade 5 to 7 with parental consent. A quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design was used in this study. Baseline data included levels of physical activity participation, Body Mass Index (BMI), hip-waist ratio, and socio-demographic variables. Physical activity was assessed with the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. The Promoting Lifestyle activity for Youth (PLAY) programme was implemented at the school. This process-oriented programme shifts the focus from fitness toward regular participation in daily physical activity, and it is not intended to replace a comprehensive physical education programme.
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Fleming, Belinda J. "Metabolic syndrome, inflammation, heart rate variability, and fitness in obese African American Youth." View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version, 2009. http://etd.utmem.edu/ABSTRACTS/2009-026-Fleming-index.htm.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2009.Title from title page screen (viewed on August 6, 2009). Research advisor: Patricia A. Cowan, Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (xii,112p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-111).
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Ward, Jillian. "The Effects of Choice on Student Motivation and Physical Activity Behavior in Physical Education." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd740.pdf.
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Yu, Mei-fong, and 余美芳. "A study of physical fitness and academic performance of teenagers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197756X.
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Atencio, Matthew. "'Crunk', 'cracking' and 'choreographies' the place and meaning of health and physical activity in the lives of young people from culturally diverse urban neighborhoods /." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20061211.120420/index.html.
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Dunlap, Delaney. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A FITNESS MENTORING PROGRAM ON LIFE SKILLS IN AT-RISK YOUTH." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/520.
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BACKGROUND: The Aspire program is an eight-week program for troubled youths around the Canberra, Australia community that is run by former Canberran of the year and Canberra Raiders Captain Alan Tongue. The program aims to build self-esteem, develop social skills, help teach the effects actions have on others, understand how practice and hard work provide support, give purpose in life, and teach other practical, lifelong skills. During the program, Alan uses a combination of various activities including fitness, teamwork, discussion, writing, and self-reflection to help youth see their potential. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the lasting effects of the Aspire program. METHODS: Twenty-six of last year’s participants across six schools were interviewed ten months after the program had taken place. Qualitative data was taken via group discussion, while quantitative data was taken via an eleven-question survey. RESULTS: Overall, the program received positive feedback from both the students and the youth workers in both qualitative and quantitative responses. CONCLUSION: The Aspire program had a positive effect on the participant’s behaviors, confidence, and outlook on life after ten months post-program.
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Oliveira, Ricardo Santos. "The role of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise on the autonomic and arterial systems of healthy adolescents." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33599.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide and the atherosclerotic process that precedes CVD starts during childhood. Physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and exercise are well known as preventive strategies for CVD. One possible mechanism for such prevention is the role of PA, CRF and exercise on the arterial and autonomic systems. The aim of this thesis was to investigate using observational and experimental studies the role of PA, CRF and exercise on the autonomic and arterial systems of healthy adolescents. Chapter 4 systematically reviewed observational cross-sectional studies and provided level one evidence for a significant and positive association between resting parasympathetic function and moderate-to-vigorous PA in youth. Chapter 4 also indicated that gaps exist in the literature such as the associations between PA intensities, CRF and heart rate variability (HRV). These findings were furthered in Chapter 5 which showed that vigorous PA (VPA) and moderate PA (MPA) were positively related with HRV at rest and cardiac autonomic recovery following exercise in adolescents. In Chapter 6 a high-fat meal was used aiming to increase CVD risk in the postprandial state, and it was demonstrated that PA levels and CRF are not significantly associated with postprandial HRV and arterial stiffness in adolescents. Aiming to investigate possible associations between the vascular and autonomic system, measures of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were introduced. Chapter 7 showed that BRS and its autonomic and vascular components present a between-day coefficient of variation lower than 20% whilst within day coefficient of variations were lower than 34% in adolescents. In Chapter 8 acutely following high- and moderate-intensity interval exercise a decrease in blood pressure was observed concomitantly with decreases in BRS. This was mainly mediated by decreases in the autonomic modulation, and the duration of the decreases in blood pressure was higher following high-intensity interval exercise. Chapter 9 extended these findings by demonstrating that the changes in BRS following the ingestion of glucose was not altered by the high or moderate-intensity exercise performed before glucose ingestion. Chapter 10 showed that following four weeks of high-intensity exercise interval training no improvements were observed in BRS and its autonomic and vascular components at rest or acutely following exercise. Collectively, the present thesis contributes significantly to the literature by providing novel evidence in healthy adolescents on the role of PA intensities, CRF and exercise on the arterial and autonomic systems at rest, acutely following exercise and in the postprandial state. The results gathered in this thesis indicate potential of the autonomic and vascular function as targets of CVD risk reduction in youth.
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Wildschutt, Phillip Jacobus. "The effect of accumulative physical activity on the fitness and health status of rural school children." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Numerous studies focusing on cardiovascular disease risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, elevated serum lipids, inactivity and lack of physical fitness prevalent in children highlight the importance of the early diagnosis and prevention of conditions that are associated in adulthood with cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of accumulative physical activity on the fitness profile, blood pressure and body composition in 14-16 year old school children in the Western Cape of South Africa.
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Williams, Christy Nicole. "The Effects of Project PACE on Adolescent Females' Physical Activity Readiness." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279267/.
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This study evaluated the effects of Project PACE, a program designed to increase physical activity, on the physical activity level and selected psychosocial variables of sedentary adolescent females ages 12 to 18. Psychosocial variables included self efficacy, attitude, perception of barriers, perceived social support, and knowledge. Of the 69 participants, 40 were enrolled in the treatment group and 29 were enrolled in the control group at the start of the study. The only significant differences were found for
attitudes towards physical activity at base line. Findings from this study suggest that implementation of Project PACE protocol in school settings may produce some positive effects, but no significant findings were detected.
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Yeung, Wai-man, and 楊偉文. "The efficacy of a physical recreation programme for improving fitness in Hong Kong Award for Young People participants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257331.
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Gluck, Beth. "The Effects of Physical Activity on Bone Density in Adolescent Females." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GluckB2004.pdf.
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Wong, Peggy, and 黃碧琪. "Establishing criteria to assess levels of habitual activity in Hong Kong students." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31675463.
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Sheinbein, Shelly T. "Psychosocial Mediators of the Fitness-depression Relationship Within Adolescents." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699904/.
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Adolescence is a developmental period during which boys and girls are at high risk of developing major or minor depression. Increases in fitness have been associated with lower levels of depressive symptomatology and improvements in psychological well-being, yet the mechanisms that underlie this relationship have not been thoroughly examined. Three such psychosocial variables (i.e. body satisfaction, social physique anxiety, and physical activity self-efficacy) have been identified as possible mechanisms and although they have theoretical support, additional research is needed to demonstrate empirically the potential effects of these variables. Self-report measures were used to assess the psychosocial variables and the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) in conjunction with age, Body Mass Index [BMI], and sex was used to determine an estimate of aerobic capacity (VO2max). Path analyses were used to test the proposed model using version 6.2 EQS Multivariate Software. Results of study revealed that the boys’ and girls’ depressive scores were determined based on the extent that their fitness levels improved their satisfaction with their bodies and lowered the anxiety they experience in relation to real or imagined judgments of their physique. Although all pathways in the model were significant, with the exception of physical activity self-efficacy to depression, differences emerged between the boys and girls in terms of the strength of some of the relations amongst the variables. Limitations include restricted generalizability, self-report measures, and cross-sectional design. Results have implications for individuals in a context intended to improve physical and psychosocial well-being of adolescents.
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Lee, Lok-chun Janet, and 李樂真. "The effects of socio-economic status on physical activity participation in Hong Kong adolescents: asocial ecological approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849812.
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Motivations: Socio-economic status (SES) is a major source of health disparities. Those
who lived in resource-deficient social and physical environments and with low individual
income have been found to be at increased risk of physical inactivity. In Hong Kong there
is virtually no research on the effect of SES on adolescent physical activity (PA). It is
therefore important to explore the SES differentials in PA among Hong Kong adolescents
and identify the mechanisms underlying such differentials. It is also important to examine
the extent to which SES acts as a moderator and mediator of associations between various
potential determinants of adolescent PA.
Methods: A hundred eighty-one adolescents aged 12-18 were recruited in the study. This
study applied an ecological framework to study the SES effects on adolescents’ PA
participation. Physical activity was measured both objectively using accelerometers and
subjectively using self-reports. Individual, social and school environment factors were
assessed by validated self-report measures. Neighborhood built environmental factors
were assessed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. Individual-level SES
was based on parents’ report of monthly household income, while area-level SES was
based on census data on median household income of selected study neighborhoods.
Generalized linear models with robust standard errors were used to assess associations of
individual, social and environmental factors with adolescents’ PA. They were also used
to assess the moderating of SES and mediators of SES-PA relationships.
Results: The results supported the hypothesis that individual, social and environmental
factors would all contribute to the explanation of adolescents’ PA. Moderation analyses
showed that the PA level of adolescents living in low SES areas might have been
negatively affected by the presence of steep streets in the neighborhood environment and
the lack of sports facilities. These effects were not observed in adolescents living in high
SES areas. In contrast, only adolescents living in high-SES areas showed positive
associations of school-based social support and school PA-related environment with PA.
Mediation analyses showed that SES differences in adolescents PA participation could be
explained by social support from family and access to sports/recreational facilities
in/around the school.
Significance: The current findings would imply that environmental interventions at the
neighborhood level might benefit low-SES groups of adolescents as they seem to be more
influenced by aspects of the neighborhood environment. By contrast, high-SES
adolescents might be more reactive to school-based environmental interventions. To
narrow the SES gap in PA participation among Hong Kong adolescents, interventions
should encourage low-SES families to provide more support to their children by
widening the available range of opportunities for PA, encouraging their children to
participate in PA, and acting as role models. The findings from this study also suggest
that the provision of more PA facilities in/around school neighborhood in low-SES areas
could contribute to increasing PA participation among the adolescent population of such
areas and, thus, narrow the gap between high- and low-SES groups of adolescents.published_or_final_version
Human Performance
Master
Master of Philosophy
27
Mak, Kwok-kei, and 麥國基. "Weight status, health-related physical fitness, and quality of life inHong Kong adolescents." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45458248.
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Wai-fu, Kan. "Sport participation, health-related fitness, and stress among students of the City University of Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21184896.
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Frantz, José Merle. "Physical inactivity among high school learners in Belhar - a public health concern." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/1561.
Full textAbstract:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhDFor many decades, the World Health Organisation had highlighted the growing importance of chronic non-communicable diseases in developed and developing countries, with an increase in lifestyle-related diseases. Physical inactivity has been identified as one of the risk factors, in addition to other leading risk factors like diet, and the use of tobacco and alcohol, contributing to the occurrence of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Based on the researcher's observations while living in Belhar community for more then ten years, it was hypothesized that the level of physical inactivity among adolescents could become a public health problem in the future if not addressed immediately.
South Africa
30
Bergström, Erik. "Cardiovascular risk indicators in adolescents : the Umeå youth study." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Epidemiologi och folkhälsovetenskap, 1995. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-7540.
Full textAbstract:
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVD), particularly coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease, are today major causes of death in the industrialised parts of the world. There are evidence to suggest that the atherosclerotic process starts in childhood, implying that preventive measures should be implemented already in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine CVD risk indicators and their determinants in healthy Swedish adolescents. The study population comprised 14- and 17-year-old boys and girls (n=1032), in the dty and surroundings of Umeå in northern Sweden. Biochemical, anthropometric, and physiological parameters associated to CVD (s- lipoproteins and s-apolipoproteins, s-insulin, s-ferritin, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and physical fitness) were evaluated in relation to family history of CVD, weight and length at birth, infant feeding regimen, physical growth during infancy and childhood, current diet, physical activity, smoking, and educational level and occupation of the parents. The main findings of the study were that, on average, total serum cholesterol (TC) values in boys and girls were at the same level as reported from other European countries. A family history of CVD, short duration of breast feeding, low attained height during infancy and childhood, high body mass index (BMI), and low physical fitness were all associated with an unfavourable serum lipid profile. The findings also showed that features typical of the insulin resistance syndrome are present already in adolescents. In boys, iron stores, estimated by serum ferritin, were related to BMI and physical fitness, in a similar way as well established CVD risk indicators. Compared to previous dietary studies in Sweden, mean relative (energy %) fat intake had decreased substantially although the mean relative intake of saturated fat was still rather high. For both boys and girls, reported relative energy intake (energy intake/estimated energy expenditure) decreased with increasing level of BMI. Furthermore, daily smoking was more common among adolescents from families with low socio-economic status (SES) but was most strongly associated to smoking in peers. Tobacco use was considerably higher among adolescents attending vocational programs at secondary high school as compared to theoretical programs. Daily smokers had a more unfavourable serum lipid profile compared to non-smokers. Low socio-economic status of the parents was related to higher BMI and low educational level to higher dietary fat intake in both boys and girls. In conclusion, the findings of the study show that parameters linked to adult CVD when examined in adolescents, are related to family history, infant nutrition, previous physical growth, current body composition, physical fitness, physical activity, smoking, and social status and educational level of the parents.digitalisering@umu
31
Ma, Wan-yee Kathy, and 馬韻儀. "The relationship between bout detection analysis of physical activity,anaerobic recovery and body composition in adolescents." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257422.
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Kan, Wai-fu, and 簡偉富. "Sport participation, health-related fitness, and stress among studentsof the City University of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31960935.
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Pillay, Tanushree. "Determining the effects of a short-term physical activity intervention programme on body mass index, blood pressure, pulse rate and percentage body fat among high school learners." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textAbstract:
Physical inactivity is recognised as a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. Current recommendations for participation in physical activity are 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, but preferably all days of the week. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a physical activity programme on weight, blood pressure, body mass index and body fat classification among high school learners through a short-term physical activity intervention programme.
34
McCabe, Erin. "Influence of Physically Active Leisure Participation on Obesity in Youth with Spina Bifida." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4690/.
Full textAbstract:
Childhood obesity and resulting secondary complications in youth with disabilities are occurring in epidemic proportions, due in part to a trend of physical inactivity. The purpose of this study is to report the prevalence of overweight, the leisure time activity patterns, and the association between frequency of physically active leisure participation and body mass index for age, in a sample of 50 youth with spina bifida, ages 4.5 to 17.9 years. Results indicate that 52% of the sample are classified as at risk of overweight or overweight; 36% were male and 16% were female. The top five leisure time activities and team sport participation are identified. Subjects who did not use a wheelchair for ambulation participated significantly more in physically active leisure than subjects who used a wheelchair. Future research and rationale for physically active leisure as an intervention for youth with spina bifida are discussed.
35
Nizeyimana, Eugene. "Perceived constraints to physical activity among paramedical institution students in Uganda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textAbstract:
Research has clearly shown that all individuals will benefit from regular physical activity. Unfortunately, young adults including college and university students are not physically active on a regular basis worldwide. In the developing world particularly in Sub- Saharan Africa, physical inactivity along with tobacco use, poor diet and nutrition are increasingly parts of today&rsquos lifestyle. Physical activity declines with age and the most important decline appear to be during the transition period from high school to university and during university years. The aim of this study was to assess the level of physical activity, to investigate the perceived constraints to physical activity and to determine whether socio-demographic characteristic have an influence on participation in physical activity and perceived constraints to physical activity among paramedical institutions students in Uganda. A cross-sectional study with descriptive quantitative design was conducted. Four hundred (400) paramedical institution students were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire adopted from the literature was used to collect the data. A response rate of 90% was obtained. Descriptive and inferential statistics using the statistical package for social sciences were used to analyze the data. The relationships and associations between different variables were determined by carrying out significant tests using chi-square tests. Alpha level was set at 0.05. The mean age of the sample was 22.44 years (SD = 2.03). Males constituted 73.9% and females constituted 26.1% of the sample. Students from eight (8) health professional courses participated in the study. Over half (59%) of participants were classified as physically active and 41% were classified as inactive or sedentary. For male participants, lack of the right equipment to exercise and wanting to do other things in their free time were perceived as the major constraints to physical activity. For female participants, lack of motivation and tiredness after exercise were perceived as the major constraints to physical activity. The findings of this study demonstrate that there is an influence of socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, year of the study and different departments/schools on participation in physical activity and perceived constraints to physical activity. They also indicate the need of health promotion intervention aiming at promoting physical activity among paramedical institution students in Uganda.
36
Mann, Stephen Eugene. "Frequency of and barriers to physical education in selected grade levels in a Southern California school district." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3375.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent physical education programs are being implemented in a Southern California school district, in an effort to increase physical activity and decrease obesity among students. This study also identified factors that either contributed to, or detracted from, implementation.
37
Isberg, Jenny. "Viljan till fysisk aktivitet en intervention avsedd att stimulera ungdomar att bli fysiskt aktiva /." Doctoral thesis, Örebro : Örebro universitet, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-8234.
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Denton, Sarah Jane. "Determinants, measurement and promotion of physical activity in 10-14 year-old Bedfordshire children : a multidisciplinary approach." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/271294.
Full textAbstract:
Regular moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with significant physiological and psychological health benefits (Department of Health, DoH, 2004). However, many children are not undertaking recommended levels of physical activity (PA) (DoH, 2009). This research examined relationships between physiological health parameters, psychological determinants and PA levels in 10-14 year old schoolchildren (N = 249) and assessed the influence of three school-based PA interventions on these constructs in the context of the Health And Physical activity Promotion in Youth (HAPPY) study. Study 1 revealed that sedentary behaviours, moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA) and MVPA levels were higher on weekdays than weekend days (p < .001). However, schoolchildren’s PA is often difficult to measure accurately. The self-report measure utilised in study 2 underestimated total MVPA versus accelerometry for both sexes on weekdays and girls on weekend days (p < .01). However, study 3 highlighted a lack of agreement between two RT3® triaxial accelerometer cut-offs for all activity categories. The importance of VPA for promoting health was highlighted in the updated PA guidelines (DoH, 2011). Study 4 reported that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was positively associated with VPA but not MPA (β = .27, p < .01) and inversely correlated with measures of body composition (% body fat; body mass index; waist circumference) (r = -.74, r = -.60, r = -.39, p < .001). Knowing the health benefits of regular MVPA and VPA, it is important to understand the determinants of PA intentions and behaviours to more effectively promote PA in less active children (studies 5 and 6). An exploratory analysis of the constructs in the Revised Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Modified Social Learning Theory for children predicted PA intentions (R2 = .38, F(5, 171) = 20.19, p < .001; R2 = .13, F(6, 147) = 3.4, p < .01, respectively) but the constructs in either model were unable to predict PA. Recognising the need to promote PA levels, study 7 investigated the effectiveness of three school-based interventions (vs. control) on outcome variables included in studies 1, and 4-6. The Health Education and Psychology Health Promotion conditions produced significant positive change scores between data collection 2 and 3 for CRF (vs. control) whereas the Youth-Led condition produced significant change scores between baseline and data collection 2 for generalised self-efficacy (vs. control). No significant change scores were reported for PA, the RTPB constructs or intentions. In conclusion, this research has emphasised the importance of employing a multidisciplinary approach to aid understanding of schoolchildren’s PA levels. Specific highlights include low weekend day PA as a possible future PA promotion target, although it is vital that accelerometry cut-points are standardised, and the relevance of VPA and body composition in predicting CRF. The psychological models identified some important determinants of PA intentions, but a prominent intention-behaviour gap and a need for more intensive interventions to promote PA levels was apparent.
39
Arlotta, Dawn Marie. "The Effects of HealthMPowers on the Levels of Physical Activity among Students in 13 Georgia Public Schools." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/26.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Dawn Arlotta (The Effects of HealthMPowers on the Levels of Physical Activity among Students in 13 Georgia Public Schools) (Under the direction of Dr. Marshall Kreuter and Dr. Derek Shendell) Objectives. This study evaluated a school based health and physical education program conducted in nine elementary and four middle schools in seven Metro-Atlanta school districts in Georgia. HealthMPowers served 5,644 students last year and approximately 15,000 students over the 3 year intervention. Methods. Quantitative programmatic data were collected by HealthMPowers before the intervention started (pre, 2004) and again three years later (post, 2007). HealthMPowers worked with these schools for the entire three year period and collected post Program Design and post-intervention fitness data in spring 2007. Results. The nine participating elementary schools each demonstrated an increase in student fitness levels for the fourth and fifth grades. The four middle schools demonstrated an increase in student fitness levels in at least one grade, which varied by school. Conclusion. Our findings suggested school programs can be effective in increasing physical activity and fitness scores and supports broader implementation of known successful programs. INDEX WORDS: Physical Activity, Youth, School Health Index, Coordinated School Health Program, Obesity, FITNESSGRAM, Physical Fitness Testing, Physical Education.
40
Lang, Justin. "Exploring the Utility of Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Population Health Surveillance Indicator for Children and Youth: An International Analysis of Results from the 20 M Shuttle Run Test." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36668.
Full textAbstract:
Emerging evidence has demonstrated the strong link between cardiorespiratory fitness and multiple aspects of health (i.e., physiological, physical, psychosocial, cognitive), independent of physical activity, among school-aged children and youth. Cardiorespiratory fitness is a trait that does not vary substantially from day-to-day, and provides an indication of recent physical activity levels, making it an important possible indicator of population health. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was to investigate the utility of cardiorespiratory fitness, measured using the 20 m shuttle run test, as a broad, holistic health indicator for population health surveillance among children and youth. To achieve this objective we completed seven manuscripts, all prepared for submission to peer-reviewed, scientific journals:
1. Systematic review of the relationship between 20 m shuttle run performance and health indicators among children and youth.
2. Review of criterion-referenced standards for cardiorespiratory fitness: What percentage of 1 142 026 international children and youth are apparently healthy?
3. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with physical literacy among Canadian children aged 8 to 12 years.
4. International variability in 20 m shuttle run performance in children and youth: Who are the fittest from a 50-country comparion? A systematic review with pooling of aggregate results.
5. Making a case for cardiorespiratory fitness surveillance among children and youth.
6. International normative 20 m shuttle run values from 1 142 026 children and youth representing 50 countries.
7. Temporal trends in the cardiorespiratory fitness of 965 264 children and youth representing 19 countries since 1981.
Combined, this dissertation provides support for the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness for health surveillance among school-aged children and youth. Results from the international analysis highlighted the variability across countries, with countries in North-Central Europe and Africa having the highest cardiorespiratory fitness, and countries in South America having the lowest cardiorespiratory fitness. The results indicated that declines in cardiorespirtory fitness may have stabilized in recent years in some high- and middle-income countries. This dissertation also identified two methods (criterion- and normative-referenced standards) to interpret cardiorespirtory fitness levels among children and youth, methods that could be used to inform future consensus, surveillance, and cardiorespiratory fitness guidelines.
41
Southerland, Jodi L., Shimin Zheng, Mark Dula, Yan Cao, and Deborah L. Slawson. "Relationship Between Physical Activity and Suicidal Behaviors Among 65,182 Middle School Students." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/131.
Full textAbstract:
Background:
The psychosocial benefits of participating in physical activity (PA) are well known; less is known about the relationship between suicidal behaviors and PA among adolescents, especially among middle school-aged youth. This study seeks to fill that gap by assessing the cross-sectional relationship between these variables.
Methods:
A secondary analysis of the 2010 Tennessee Middle School Youth Risk Behavior Survey data was conducted among 65,182 middle school students. Items examined were PA, sports team engagement, physical education (PE) class, screen time, suicidal behaviors, drug/substance use, extreme weight control behaviors, weight status and weight misperceptions, and selected personal characteristics. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between PA, sports team engagement, and PE class attendance on suicidal behaviors.
Results:
Sports team engagement was significantly associated with suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts even after controlling for other important variables. There was no relationship, however, between total PA or PE class attendance in univariate or multivariate models, respectively.
Conclusions:
Findings suggest that sports team engagement is associated with reduced risk for suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts, whereas, no relationships were found for PA or PE class attendance. Asking adolescents questions about sports team engagement may help clinicians screen for risk of suicidal behaviors.
42
Forsdick, Heather Ann. "Authentic assessment handbook for middle school physical education." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1444.
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43
Lemes, Vanilson Batista. "Relatos de uma proposta de educação física escolar: a promoção da saúde na educação de jovens e adultos (EJA)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/163309.
Full textAbstract:
Objetivos: (1) descrever uma escola, realizando um diagnóstico sobre o perfil comportamental das turmas da EJA, os problemas de saúde, as características dos alunos no que se refere ao número de faltas nas aulas de Educação Física (EF), medidas antropométricas, indicadores de composição corporal, pressão arterial, ocorrências de alguns hábitos de vida, aptidão física, atividades ocupacionais realizadas no dia-a-dia e as preferências por manifestações da cultura corporal; (2) construir e aplicar uma proposta em EF voltada para promoção da saúde de acordo com o diagnóstico obtido durante um semestre letivo; (3) relatar a experiência docente a partir da elaboração e aplicação da proposta de EF escolar para a EJA; (4) verificar os efeitos da proposta de EF nos escores de: hábitos de vida sedentários, atividade física organizada, de lazer e total, níveis de Aptidão física relacionada a saúde (APFRS), pressão arterial e nos indicadores de composição corporal; (5) verificar se os efeitos da proposta de EF sobre a aptidão física, composição corporal e pressão arterial se associaram entre si e com fatores moderadores (hábitos de vida); (6) descrever a satisfação dos escolares com a proposta em EF e os efeitos sobre a aprendizagem docente. Procedimentos metodológicos: trata-se de uma pesquisa participante de abordagem mista, na qual o método quantitativo foi aninhado ao método qualitativo sendo elaborada com as seguintes fases: descrição e exploração; detalhamento da realidade escolar; construção teórica da proposta e aplicação; feedbacks iniciais aos participantes da pesquisa; avaliação da ação e relato docente. O estudo foi realizado com 39 sujeitos estudantes da educação de jovens e adultos. Foram avaliados problemas de saúde dos alunos, houve descrição das características da comunidade escolar, aspectos comportamentais das turmas, as preferências no que se refere as manifestações da cultura corporal e a opinião/satisfação dos estudantes. Os hábitos de vida foram investigados com um questionário adaptado com perguntas fechadas em escala ordinal. A APFRS foi mensurada com a bateria de testes do Projeto Esporte Brasil, o perímetro da cintura e a pressão arterial foram medidos. Também foi relatada a aprendizagem docente nessa realidade escolar. Resultados e considerações finais: existiu um elevado número de ausências nas aulas de EF, muitas dificuldades de saúde ocasionadas por comportamentos de risco, problemas sociais, dificuldade de relação interpessoal, hábitos de vida não saudáveis, baixos níveis de aptidão física, elevados níveis de pressão arterial e ocorrências de sobrepeso/obesidade entre 35% e 54%. As preferências dos estudantes eram modalidades de atividade física ou exercício físico focados no treinamento/desenvolvimento de condicionamento físico. Foi possível e viável, criar e aplicar uma proposta de educação física escolar durante um semestre letivo nessa realidade, sendo defendida pela escola e pelos alunos. Concluímos que foram reduzidos os hábitos sedentários, houve aumento de prática de atividade física organizada fora da escola, principalmente no número de vezes por semana e a atividade física de lazer também aumentou. Esses foram efeitos que auxiliaram na melhoria da flexibilidade e dos níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória, principalmente nos sujeitos mais assíduos na proposta de EF para a promoção da saúde na EJA.Objectives: (1) to describe a school, performing a diagnosis about the behavioral profile of the Youth and Adults Education (YAE) classes, health problems, the student’s characteristics regarding the number of absences in Physical Education (PE) lessons, anthropometric measures, body composition indicators, blood pressure, occurrences of some life habits, physical fitness, occupational activities carried out in the day-to-day and preferences for body culture manifestations; (2) construct and apply a proposal of PE during a semester, it aimed the health promotion according to the diagnosis obtained; (3) to report the teaching experience from the elaboration and application of the proposal of PE for the YAE. (4) to verify the effects of the EF proposal on the scores of: sedentary lifestyle habits, organized, leisure and total physical activity (PA), related health physical fitness (RHPF) levels, blood pressure and body composition indicators; (5) to verify if the effects of PE proposal on RHPF, body composition and blood pressure were associated each other and with moderating factors (life habits); (6) describe the satisfaction of the students with the PE proposal and the effects on teacher learning. Methodological procedures: it is a participant research of mixed approach, in which the quantitative method was nested to the qualitative method being elaborated with the following phases: description and exploration; details of the school reality; theoretical construction of the proposal and application; initial feedback to survey participants; action evaluation and teacher report. The study was carried out with 39 subjects of YAE. The health problems of the students were evaluated, the characteristics of the school community were described, the behavioral aspects of the classes, the preferences regarding the body culture manifestations and the opinion / satisfaction of the students too. Life habits were investigated with a questionnaire adapted with questions closed on an ordinal scale. RHPF was measured using the battery of the Projeto Esporte Brasil, waist perimeter and blood pressure were measured. Teaching learning in this school reality was also reported. Results and conclusions: there was a higher number of absences in PE lessons, many health problems due to risky behavior, social problems, difficulties in interpersonal relations, unhealthy life habits, low levels of physical fitness, higher levels of blood pressure and occurrence of overweight / obesity was between 35% and 54%. Student preferences were modalities of PA or physical exercise focused on the training / development of physical fitness. It was possible and feasible to create and apply a physical education proposal during a school semester in this reality, being it defended by the school and the students. We concluded that the sedentary life habits were reduced, there was an increase in the practice of organized PA outside the school, it happened mainly in the number of times per week and the PA of leisure also increased. These effects facilitated improving flexibility and improved levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, especially in those subjects who were most present in PE proposal for health promotion on YAE.
44
Larouche, Richard. "Assessing the Health-Related Outcomes and Correlates of Active Transportation in Children and Youth." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26158.
Full textAbstract:
Active school transport (AST; e.g. the use of non-motorized modes such as walking and cycling to travel to/from school) is an inexpensive, accessible and environmentally-friendly source of physical activity (PA). This dissertation addresses two overarching objectives: 1) to measure the relationships of AST with PA and health-related outcomes; and 2) to examine the correlates of AST immediately before and after the transition from primary to secondary school (the “school transition”). First, a systematic review revealed increasing evidence showing that AST is associated with greater daily PA levels, and that cycling to/from school is associated with higher cardiovascular fitness. Cycling for transportation (not only for school trips) was also associated with lower values for total cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio in the nationally-representative 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Moreover, the present dissertation provides preliminary evidence suggesting that AST may help attenuate the decline in PA across the school transition. However, the relationship between AST and body composition indicators remains unclear. With respect to the correlates of AST, distance was the strongest barrier to AST at both time points, but several road safety concerns, and the perception of having too much stuff to carry were also associated with engagement in motorized travel. At follow-up, AST was more common in children whose parents owned less than 2 cars. In contrast, children were more likely to engage in AST if their parents reported that they chose to live in their current neighbourhood so that their children could walk or bike to school. The associations of neighbourhood walkability (as measured with the Walk Score® application) with AST and PA were generally stronger after the school transition. While AST may improve health among children and youth, an ecological approach targeting multiple levels of influence will likely be needed to alleviate current barriers to AST.
45
Mowad, Laura Marie. "Evaluation of a high school leisure time physical activity curriculum." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1196185969.
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46
Richards, Justin A. "Evaluating the impact of a sport-for-development intervention on the physical and mental health of young adolescents in Gulu, Uganda - a post-conflict setting within a low-income country." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9632dcfc-94e6-45ac-a4c1-ad63113f9b59.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Physical inactivity is thought to contribute to the emergence of non-communicable diseases in post-conflict settings of low-income countries. Sport-for-development (SfD) organisations in these regions claim to improve the health of programme participants. However, there is a paucity of supporting evidence. I assessed the impact of a voluntary community-based SfD intervention on the physical activity (PA), physical fitness (PF) and mental health (MH) of adolescents in Gulu, Uganda. Methods: The Acholi Psychosocial Assessment Instrument (APAI), standing broad jump (SBJ), multi-stage fitness test (MSFT) and BMI-for-age (BFA) were adapted to the local context. I tested their feasibility and reliability with a repeat-measures design (n=70). A cross-sectional analysis of a random sample was used to assess the local needs and establish the PF and MH of the adolescents reached by the intervention (n=1464). This was also the baseline assessment for the impact evaluation. It comprised a randomised control trial (n=144) nested within a cohort study (n=1400) and triangulated by cross-sectional assessment of PA using accelerometry (n=54). Results: The adapted PF and MH measures demonstrated good intra-tester reliability (ICC>0.75). Adolescents in Gulu predominantly had “healthy” BFA (>90%). They performed better than global norms for the SBJ (p<0.001), but worse for the MSFT (p<0.05). The girls who registered for the intervention had higher PF at baseline (p<0.05) and experienced no significant benefits when compared to the community. The aerobic capacity of the boys intervention group increased relative to the community (p<0.01), but was not significantly different to the trial control group whose PF also improved. The PA results concurred with this finding. Boys in the intervention group experienced a deterioration in MH relative to their peers (p<0.05). Implications: It is feasible to apply rigorous evaluation methods to SfD interventions. Although adolescents in Gulu have poor aerobic capacity, a voluntary programme may not reach those at risk. Interpreting the impact evaluation was limited by a lack of programme development theory, but suggested that opportunities for non-competitive play may confer PF benefit without harming MH. Further investigation is warranted.
47
Åberg, John. "Bryta målchansen tidigt : Fysiska tester skapade för målvakter." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5864.
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Syfte och frågeställningar Studiens syfte är att undersöka relationen mellan ungdomsmålvakters resultat i vanligt förekommande standardtester som är avsedda att mäta fysisk kapacitet och deras prestation i matchlika aktioner. Syftet är också att undersöka om resultaten skiljer sig mellan målvakter i två olika ålderskategorier. Frågeställningar: Vad är korrelation mellan resultat i standardtester och matchlika aktioner? Skiljer sig resultaten mellan ungdomsmålvakter på U17 och U19 nivå? Metod För att svara på studiens frågeställningar skapades ett testbatteri innehållande fysiska tester designade för fotbollsmålvakter, utifrån deras rörelsemönster och aktioner (verklighetsnära tester), som jämförs med tester som används av dagens fotbollsklubbar (standardtester). Med hjälp av aktuellt forskningsläge tillsammans med information som mottagits från tränare och målvakter, utfördes 6 tester, på 15 målvakter, som registrerades med mätinstrument och höghastighetskameror. Resultatet analyserades med dubbelsidig t-test för att finna en statistisk signifikans mellan två åldersgrupper och Spearmans test för att finna en korrelation mellan standard- och verklighetsnära testerna. Resultat Resultatet från t-testet visade ingen signifikant skillnad mellan U17:s och U19:s målvakter på samtliga tester (p> 0,05). Spearmans test visade ingen statistiskt signifikant korrelation mellan testerna. Slutsats Både standard- och verklighetsnära testerna har sina fördelar men är syftet att utvärdera målvaktens fysiska kapacitet i matchlika situationer genom tester, bör dessa vara utformade utifrån målvaktens agerande under match. Enligt resultaten från denna studie visar detta att man inte enbart kan använda standardtester utan dessa bör kompletteras med tester specifikt utformade för måvakter.Aim The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between youth goalkeepers' results in commonly used standard tests that are intended to measure physical capacity and their performance in match-like actions. The purpose is also to investigate whether the results differ between goalkeepers in two different age categories. Research questions: What is the correlation between results in standard tests and match-like actions? Do the results differ between youth goalkeepers at U17 and U19 level? Method To answer the study's questions, a test battery was created containing physical tests designed for football goalkeepers based on their movement patterns and actions (match-like actions) compared to tests used by today's football clubs (standard tests). With the help of research, together with information we received from coaches and goalkeepers, 6 tests were designed and performed, on 15 goalkeepers, which were recorded with measuring instruments and high-speed cameras. The results were analyzed with two tailed t-test to find a statistical significance between the two age groups and Spearman's test to find a correlation between the standard and realistic tests. Results The results of the t-test show no significant difference between the U17 and U19 goalkeepers on all tests (p> 0.05). Spearman's test shows that there was no statistic significant correlation between the tests. Conclusions Both standard and realistic tests have their advantages, but if the purpose is to evaluate the goalkeeper's physical capacity in match-like actions through tests, should these be designed based on the goalkeeper's actions during the match. According to the results of this study, this shows that you should not just use standard tests, but these should be supplemented with tests specifically designed for goalkeepers.
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Nowik, Daniel, and Amanda Tellström. "Specialidrottslärares erfarenhet av rehabilitering för skadade elever : En kvalitativ studie riktad mot riksidrottsgymnasier och nationellt godkända idrottsutbildningar." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5266.
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Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur specialidrottslärare på RIG och NIU ger stöttning samt förmedlar strategier till elever kring mentala situationer under en rehabilitering. Frågeställningarna studien ska besvara är följande: Hur anpassas undervisningen för skadade elever på RIG och NIU i form av stöttning? Vilka metoder förekommer på gymnasier för att bidra till elevernas motivation till rehabilitering? Metod Datainsamlingen till studien gjordes i form av intervjuer utifrån en intervjuguide. Sex specialidrottslärare med olika idrotter intervjuades, fyra från NIU och två från RIG utspritt på tre olika skolor i Mellansverige intervjuades. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades. Resultat Samtliga specialidrottslärare menade att motivation behövdes för att orka med att genomföra en rehabilitering och att de hade ett ansvar att finnas där som ett socialt stöd för de skadade eleverna. En motivation för eleverna blev att ta sig igenom delmål utifrån ett rehabiliteringsprogram. Specialidrottslärarna ville få eleverna att känna delaktighet under skadeperioden och de stöttades till att uppnå sina delmål. Specialidrottslärarna ansåg att stöttning var en självklar del av undervisningen, framför allt under en skadeperiod då positiv stöttning bör komma från alla håll och kanter. Det är lättare att ge stöttning till elever som är tillsammans med övriga i gruppen, då gruppdynamiken ger positiv inverkan mentalt på den skadade eleven. En del av specialidrottslärarna använder sig av en strategi med målsättningar, där de sätter upp delmål för att få en progression med rehabiliteringen. Slutsats Undervisningen anpassas så att skadade elever i största mån ska utöva sin rehabilitering i anslutning till gruppen för att den skadade eleven ska känna sig inkluderad. Detta också för att specialidrottsläraren ska kunna ge stöttning och feedback under lektionstimmarna i skolan.Ämneslärarprogrammet, Specialidrott
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Lamb, Jennifer A. "Health-related fitness in Hmong youth /." 1994. http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1793/23581.
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Menon, Suchitra. "Determinants of physical activity among young sedentary adults /." 2008. http://dspace.sunyconnect.suny.edu/handle/.
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