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Journal articles on the topic 'Physical fitness for youth – Namibia'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Corbin, Charles B., James R. Whitehead, and Peter Y. Lovejoy. "Youth Physical Fitness Awards." Quest 40, no. 3 (December 1988): 200–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1988.10483901.

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2

Squires, W. G., and J. R. Morrow. "YOUTH FITNESS." Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 21, Supplement (April 1989): S61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198904001-00363.

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3

Corbin, Charles B., Gregory J. Welk, Cheryl Richardson, Catherine Vowell, Dolly Lambdin, and Scott Wikgren. "Youth Physical Fitness: Ten Key Concepts." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 85, no. 2 (January 30, 2014): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2014.866827.

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4

Vanhelst, Jérémy, Julien Labreuche, Laurent Béghin, Elodie Drumez, Paul S. Fardy, Didier Chapelot, Jacques Mikulovic, and Zékya Ulmer. "Physical Fitness Reference Standards in French Youth." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 31, no. 6 (June 2017): 1709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001640.

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5

Franklin, Barry A. "The Fountain of Youth in Physical Fitness." ACSM'S Health & Fitness Journal 1, no. 2 (March 1997): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00135124-199703000-00013.

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6

Welk, Gregory J., Jodee A. Schaben, and Mack Shelley. "Physical Activity and Physical Fitness in Children Schooled at Home and in Public Schools." Pediatric Exercise Science 16, no. 4 (November 2004): 310–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.16.4.310.

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Homeschooling is increasingly popular, but little is known about how homeschooling affects physical activity patterns or fitness levels. This study compares patterns of physical fitness, physical activity, and psychosocial correlates of physical activity in homeschooled youth and youth attending public school. Fitness levels were obtained using the PACER aerobic fitness test, physical activity levels were assessed with 3 days of accelerometry, and psychosocial correlates were assessed with the Children’s Physical Activity Correlates scale. There were no significant main effects for fitness comparisons, but significant age and gender interactions indicate that variability exists within these samples for fitness. No school type effects were evident for the physical activity measures or the psychosocial correlate measures, but trends in the data suggest the possibility of age-related interactions for the psychosocial measures. Additional research on possible differences between homeschooled youth and youth attending public school is needed to better understand these trends.
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7

Wolfe, Alex M., Joey A. Lee, and Kelly R. Laurson. "Socioeconomic status and physical fitness in youth: Findings from the NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey." Journal of Sports Sciences 38, no. 5 (January 17, 2020): 534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1713688.

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8

Corbin, Charles B. "Texas Youth Fitness Study." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 81, sup3 (September 2010): S75—S78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2010.10599696.

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9

Collingwood, Thomas R. "Providing Physical Fitness Programs to At-Risk Youth." Quest 49, no. 1 (February 1997): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1997.10484224.

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10

London, Rebecca A., and Oded Gurantz. "Afterschool Program Participation, Youth Physical Fitness, and Overweight." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 44, no. 3 (March 2013): S200—S207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.11.009.

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11

Wang, Chee Keng John, Do Young Pyun, Woon Chia Liu, Boon San Coral Lim, and Fuzhong Li. "Longitudinal changes in physical fitness performance in youth." European Physical Education Review 19, no. 3 (August 2, 2013): 329–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x13495630.

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12

Siegel, Shannon R., and Simon M. Fryer. "Rock Climbing for Promoting Physical Activity in Youth." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 11, no. 3 (July 22, 2015): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827615592345.

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Prevalence of overweight and obesity in youth has steadily increased over the last decade, although it appears to have currently stabilized. Physical inactivity is a major contributor to this obesity epidemic, and more than half of American youth do not meet physical activity recommendations. Rock climbing and bouldering require both aerobic and anaerobic fitness, with the metabolic cost comparable to moderate to vigorous physical activity in adults. Minimal data on youth climbers exist, yet climbing is extremely popular with youth, and thus the sport may be a viable option for decreasing the prevalence of obesity. Available data show that rock climbing can provide youth with muscular strength and endurance building exercise, and possibly improve flexibility. In addition, rock climbing has the potential to provide youth with moderate levels of physical activity according to recommended guidelines. Nine peer reviewed articles are included in this review, as these are the articles specifically associated with youth climbing and health-related fitness. Due to limited research in this area, no articles were excluded if they were related to health-related fitness and youth and rock climbing/bouldering. This review aims to systematically address the impact of rock climbing and bouldering on health-related fitness in youth.
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13

Pate, Russell R., Stewart G. Trost, Marsha Dowda, Alise E. Ott, Dianne S. Ward, Ruth Saunders, and Gwen Felton. "Tracking of Physical Activity, Physical Inactivity, and Health-Related Physical Fitness in Rural Youth." Pediatric Exercise Science 11, no. 4 (November 1999): 364–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.11.4.364.

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This study examined the tracking of selected measures of physical activity, inactivity, and fitness in a cohort of rural youth. Students (N = 181, 54.7% female, 63.5% African American) completed test batteries during their fifth- (age = 10.7 ± 0.7 years), sixth-, and seventh-grade years. The Previous Day Physical Activity Recall (PDPAR) was used to assess 30-min blocks of vigorous physical activity (VPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), TV watching and other sedentary activities, and estimated energy expenditure (EE). Fitness measures included the PWC 170 cycle ergometer test, strength tests, tnceps skinfold thickness, and BMI. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for VPA, MVPA, and after-school EE ranged from 0.63 to 0.78. ICCs ranged from 0.49 to 0.71 for measures of inactivity and from 0.78 to 0.82 for the fitness measures. These results indicate that measures of physical activity, inactivity, and physical fitness tend to track during the transition from elementary to middle school.
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14

Stodden, David, and Toby Brooks. "Promoting Musculoskeletal Fitness in Youth." Strength and Conditioning Journal 35, no. 3 (June 2013): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/ssc.0b013e318296391e.

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15

&NA;. "Testimony for the Youth Fitness Hearings of the Presidentʼs Council on Physical Fitness of Children and Youth." Pediatric Physical Therapy 1, no. 1 (1989): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001577-198901010-00005.

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16

Corbin, Charles B. "Physical Activity for Everyone: What Every Physical Educator Should Know about Promoting Lifelong Physical Activity." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 21, no. 2 (January 2002): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.21.2.128.

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In recent years evidence has accumulated to document the importance of physical activity to lifelong health and fitness. This paper is based on the assumption that a primary goal of physical education is to promote lifetime physical activity. Common misconceptions are described and alternatives for change are proposed: (a) recognizing the unique physical activity needs of youth; (b) promoting opportunities for girls; (c) changing our focus from fitness to physical activity; (d) promoting self-esteem and feelings of competence among youth; (e) narrowing the scope of our objectives; and (f) emphasizing self-management skills in high school to help youth adopt active living as adults. The suggestions are based on scientific evidence and the author’s own experience.
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17

Bahiraei, Saeid, Hassan Daneshmandi, and Rahman Amiri. "Physical Fitness and Health-Related Physical Activity Programs in People With Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review." Journal of Sport Biomechanics 5, no. 4 (March 1, 2020): 200–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/biomechanics.5.4.1.

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Objective: Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disease in people with intellectual disability, with a prevalence of 1 in 800-1000 live births. Youth and adolescents with DS are a unique population in terms of health-related physical fitness factors. Methods: In this review study, to investigate the physical fitness factors and physical activity programs for youth and adolescents with DS, a search was conducted in international and national databases such as EBSCO, Medline, PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar and SID among studies conducted during 1996-2016 using following keywords in Persian and English: Physical fitness, physical activity, Down syndrome, rehabilitation, intellectual disability, muscular strength, muscular endurance, aerobic fitness, balance, agility and flexibility. Results: Initial search yielded 130 articles. After removing duplicates, 35 were remained for the review. The studies indicated lower cardiorespiratory capacity and physical fitness in people with DS than in their normal peers in strength, endurance, balance and agility as well as increased subcutaneous fat and body fat distribution. Conclusion: Adolescents and youth with DS have low cardiovascular and muscular capacity and physical fitness, overweight/obesity, and reduces health-related physical activities. Future studies should focus on strength testing and training protocols, methods for determining physical activity levels, and practical interventions to increase physical activities in DS patients.
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18

Deforche, Benedicte, Johan Lefevre, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Andrew P. Hills, William Duquet, and Jacques Bouckaert. "Physical Fitness and Physical Activity in Obese and Nonobese Flemish Youth." Obesity Research 11, no. 3 (March 2003): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2003.59.

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19

Welk, Gregory J., Marilu D. Meredith, Michelle Ihmels, and Chris Seeger. "Distribution of Health-Related Physical Fitness in Texas Youth." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 81, sup3 (September 2010): S6—S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2010.10599689.

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20

Zhu, W., and J. Krause. "PHYSICAL FITNESS SCREENING OF INNER-CITY CHILDREN AND YOUTH." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 24, Supplement (May 1992): S124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199205001-00744.

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21

Katzmarzyk, P. T., R. M. Malina, T. M. K. Song, and C. Bouchard. "TELEVISION VIEWING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND FITNESS IN YOUTH 239." Medicine &amp Science in Sports &amp Exercise 28, Supplement (May 1996): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199605001-00239.

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22

Vowell, Catherine, Gregory J. Welk, Pedro Saint-Maurice, Tamas Csányi, and Monika Kaj. "Distribution Of Health-related Physical Fitness In Hungarian Youth." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47 (May 2015): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000478625.79894.07.

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23

Barcelona, Jeanne M., Jessica Duncan Cance, Jane Wargo, Seraphine Pitt Barnes, Jungyun Hwang, and Darla M. Castelli. "Changes in Youth Physical Fitness by Year in School." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47 (May 2015): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000479216.38591.8d.

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24

Freedson, Patty S., and Thomas W. Rowland. "Youth Activity versus Youth Fitness: Let's Redirect Our Efforts." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 63, no. 2 (June 1992): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1992.10607572.

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25

Sacheck, Jennifer M., and Sarah A. Amin. "Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Children and Youth." Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 46, no. 2 (April 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jes.0000000000000145.

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26

Sauka, Melita, Ilga S. Priedite, Ludmila Artjuhova, Viesturs Larins, Guntars Selga, Örjan Dahlström, and Toomas Timpka. "Physical fitness in northern European youth: Reference values from the Latvian Physical Health in Youth Study." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 39, no. 1 (August 10, 2010): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494810380298.

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27

Stodden, Dave, Ryan Sacko, and Danielle Nesbitt. "A Review of the Promotion of Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559827615619577.

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The relationship between physical fitness and health in adults is well established, yet until recently, empirical support for the impact of physical fitness levels on health markers in children has not been thoroughly documented. The aim of this review was to provide a summary of current literature that has examined the linkage between measures of health-related physical fitness (ie, cardiorespiratory fitness, musculoskeletal fitness, flexibility, and body composition) and health markers in youth. Specifically, this review focused on the findings from the recent 2012 Institutes of Medicine report on Fitness Measures in Youth as well as other subsequent review articles related to the topic. In addition, recommendations for health-related fitness assessments in youth populations are presented.
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28

Klasson-Heggeb??, L., M. Grydeland, K. Andersen, and S. A. Anderssen. "PHYSICAL FITNESS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND OBESITY AMONG CHILDREN AND YOUTH OSLO, NORWAY." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34, no. 5 (May 2002): S278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-01562.

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29

Duditska, S., Y. Zoriy, and A. Hakman. "Introduction of aerobics in classes on physical education of student youth." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 5(125) (September 27, 2020): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2020.5(125).12.

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Wellness fitness uses a large arsenal tools of various sports and physical activity. The development of the fitness industry contributes to the expansion and requires classification and definition of methodological features that determine the use of appropriate means. Health-improving fitness classes require students to have knowledge of the fundamentals of the methodology for introducing the selected types of physical activity. This article summarizes the information about the content of selective focus health related aerobics using practical material for the development of basic physical qualities and motor skills of student youth. The purpose of the study is to analyze the content of health aerobics classes and the introduction of modern fitness programs and technologies related to the development of abilities to solve motor and sports problems in physical education of student youth. The study was performed at the theoretical and analytical level. In the process of research we used the following methods: analysis of literature sources, methods of theoretical interpretation (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization). Conclusions. In turn, regular aerobics and rhythmic gymnastics in combination with other types of wellness fitness have a health-improving and training effect on the body. The variety of fitness programs does not mean the arbitrariness of their construction - the used of different types of physical activity must comply with the basic principles of physical education. Experts in the experiment to determine the effectiveness of aerobics concluded that as a result of classes students have improved metabolism, normalized cardiovascular and respiratory systems, increased immunity to various diseases and help lift the mood.
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30

Kabiri, Laura S., Allison Butcher, Wayne Brewer, and Alexis Ortiz. "Youth physical health and years in American homeschools: are they related?" Health Promotion International 35, no. 3 (May 20, 2019): 512–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz047.

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Abstract Homeschooling is a growing trend in the USA and abroad with both reported consequences and benefits to youth physical health. The purpose of this study was to examine whether changes in youth physical health could be related to the number of years a student spends in homeschool. Body composition (body mass index and body fat), muscular fitness (lower extremity, abdominal and upper extremity) and cardiorespiratory fitness (Progressive Aerobic Capacity Endurance Run) were assessed in 211 youth ages 5–17. Data analysis showed weak or non-significant relationships between years in homeschool and all aspects of youth physical health. Time spent in homeschool is weakly or not at all related to multiple aspects of youth physical health. Parents and policy makers should not be concerned with detrimental physical health effects of homeschooling on youth.
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31

Keating, Xiaofen, Xiaolu Liu, Rachyl Stephenson, Jianmin Guan, and Michael Hodges. "Student health-related fitness testing in school-based physical education: Strategies for student self-testing using technology." European Physical Education Review 26, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 552–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x19874818.

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If used appropriately in schools, youth fitness testing can play a significant role in promoting a physically active lifestyle among school-age children. Unfortunately, many issues exist when testing students’ health-related fitness (HRF) components, such as privacy concerns, misuse of testing results, and time-consuming test procedures. This paper provides an alternative approach to implementing youth fitness testing, attempting to solve some of these long-standing problems. Contextual information concerning global youth fitness testing practices is first introduced, followed by strategies for fitness self-testing using emerging technologies instead of more traditional testing methods conducted in a physical education (PE) setting. We also address how a self-testing approach could be used as part of a fitness education programme where students learn about HRF components, develop competence, and learn how to improve their HRF over time, absent of an expert evaluator to monitor their own HRF. The potential role of modern technology in solving some of the seemingly unsolvable problems with youth fitness testing in schools worldwide and facilitating the implementation of self-testing HRF in school-based PE programmes is also presented. More effort should be given to the development of technology-based HRF self-testing and empirical research.
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32

Lang, Justin J. "Exploring the utility of cardiorespiratory fitness as a population health surveillance indicator for children and youth: An international analysis of results from the 20-m shuttle run test." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 43, no. 2 (February 2018): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0728.

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Emerging evidence has demonstrated the strong link between cardiorespiratory fitness and multiple aspects of health (i.e., physiological, physical, psychosocial, cognitive), independent of physical activity, among school-aged children and youth. Cardiorespiratory fitness is a trait that does not vary substantially from day-to-day, and provides an indication of recent physical activity levels, making it an important possible indicator of population health. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was to investigate the utility of cardiorespiratory fitness, measured using the 20-m shuttle run test, as a broad, holistic health indicator for population health surveillance among children and youth. To achieve this objective we completed 7 manuscripts, all prepared for submission to peer-reviewed, scientific journals: (1) Systematic review of the relationship between 20-m shuttle run performance and health indicators among children and youth. (2) Review of criterion-referenced standards for cardiorespiratory fitness: what percentage of 1 142 026 international children and youth are apparently healthy? (3) Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with physical literacy in a large sample of Canadian children aged 8 to 12 years. (4) International variability in 20-m shuttle run performance in children and youth: Who are the fittest from a 50-country comparison? A systematic review with pooling of aggregate results. (5) Making a case for cardiorespiratory fitness surveillance among children and youth. (6) International normative 20-m shuttle run values from 1 142 026 children and youth representing 50 countries. (7) Temporal trends in the cardiorespiratory fitness of children and adolescents representing 19 high-income and upper middle-income countries between 1981 and 2014. Combined, this dissertation provides support for the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness for health surveillance among school-aged children and youth. Results from the international analysis highlighted the variability across countries, with countries in north-central Europe and Africa having the highest cardiorespiratory fitness, and countries in South America having the lowest cardiorespiratory fitness. The results indicated that declines in cardiorespiratory fitness may have stabilized in recent years in some high- and middle-income countries. This dissertation also identified 2 methods (criterion- and normative-referenced standards) to interpret cardiorespiratory fitness levels among children and youth, methods that could be used to inform future consensus, surveillance, and cardiorespiratory fitness guidelines.
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33

Bai, Yang, Senlin Chen, Kelly R. Laurson, Youngwon Kim, Pedro F. Saint-Maurice, and Gregory J. Welk. "The Associations of Youth Physical Activity and Screen Time with Fatness and Fitness: The 2012 NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey." PLOS ONE 11, no. 1 (January 28, 2016): e0148038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148038.

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34

Madiyeva, Galiya, Lyazzat Gumarova, Karina Karim, Artur Niyazov, and Damet Ongarbaeva. "Assessment of the level of physical fitness of student youth." Теория и методика физической культуры, no. 1 (2020): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.48114/2306-5540_2020_1_80.

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35

Fahlman, Mariane, Heather L. Hall, and Lila Gutuskey. "Minority Youth, Physical Activity, and Fitness Levels: Targeted Interventions Needed." American Journal of Health Education 46, no. 6 (November 2, 2015): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19325037.2015.1077758.

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36

Fragala-Pinkham, Maria A., Margaret E. O'Neil, Kristie F. Bjornson, and Roslyn N. Boyd. "Fitness and Physical Activity in Children and Youth with Disabilities." International Journal of Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/162648.

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37

KATZMARZYK, PETER T., ROBERT M. MALINA, THOMAS M. K. SONG, and CLAUDE BOUCHARD. "Physical activity and health-related fitness in youth: amultivariate analysis." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 30, no. 5 (May 1998): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199805000-00011.

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38

Steele, Rebekah M., Soren Brage, Kirsten Corder, Nicholas J. Wareham, and Ulf Ekelund. "Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and the metabolic syndrome in youth." Journal of Applied Physiology 105, no. 1 (July 2008): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00072.2008.

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The metabolic syndrome is defined as the coexistence of multiple cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors, the prevalence of which has increased dramatically in adult populations in the last decades. More recently, the same cluster of metabolic risk factors has also been recognized in children and adolescents. Epidemiological evidence suggests that high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity are associated with a favorable metabolic risk profile in adults. However, in youth the role of these factors is less clear. Therefore, the purpose of this mini-review is to examine the recent evidence between objectively measured habitual physical activity and CRF with clustered metabolic risk in youth. In general, it appears that both physical activity and CRF are separately and independently associated with metabolic risk factors in youth, possibly through different causal pathways. Further research is necessary to quantify how much physical activity is needed to prevent the metabolic syndrome and the diseases with which it is associated. Public health approaches that encourage increased physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviors may prove useful in reducing the population burden associated with metabolic risk.
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39

Morrow, James R., Jacob S. Tucker, Allen W. Jackson, Scott B. Martin, Christy A. Greenleaf, and Trent A. Petrie. "Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines and Health-Related Fitness in Youth." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 44, no. 5 (May 2013): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2013.01.008.

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40

Santana, C. C. A., L. B. Azevedo, M. T. Cattuzzo, J. O. Hill, L. P. Andrade, and W. L. Prado. "Physical fitness and academic performance in youth: A systematic review." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 27, no. 6 (October 7, 2016): 579–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sms.12773.

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41

MCLOUGHLIN, GABRIELLA M., YANG BAI, and GREGORY J. WELK. "Longitudinal Associations between Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement in Youth." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, no. 3 (March 2020): 616–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002159.

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42

Going, Scott. "Physical Best—Body Composition in the Assessment of Youth Fitness." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 59, no. 7 (September 1988): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.1988.10606247.

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43

Bardid, Farid, Till Utesch, David F. Stodden, and Matthieu Lenoir. "Developmental perspectives on motor competence and physical fitness in youth." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 31, S1 (April 2021): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sms.13946.

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44

Tyler, Kiley, Megan MacDonald, and Kristi Menear. "Physical Activity and Physical Fitness of School-Aged Children and Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Autism Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/312163.

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social communication deficits and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities. Literature comparing the physical activity and fitness of children with ASD to typically developing peers is in need of attention. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the physical activity and fitness of school-aged children with ASD (N=17) in comparison to typically developing peers (N=12). Participants with ASD completed diagnostic and developmental assessments and a series of physical fitness assessments: 20-meter multistage shuttle, sit-and-reach test, handgrip strength, and body mass index. Physical activity was measured using accelerometry and preestablished cut-points of physical activity (Freedson et al., 2005). MANCOVA revealed significant between-group effects in strength (P=.03), while ANCOVA revealed significant between-group effects in sedentary (P=.00), light (P=.00), moderate (P=.00), and total moderate-to-vigorous (P=.01) physical activity. Children with ASD are less physically active and fit than typically developing peers. Adapted physical activity programs are one avenue with intervention potential to combat these lower levels of physical activity and fitness found in children with ASD.
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45

Clennin, Morgan N., and Russell R. Pate. "The Association Between Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Physical Activity in US Youth." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0039.

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Background: Growing evidence suggests that the broader neighborhood socioeconomic environment is independently associated with cardiometabolic health. However, few studies have examined this relationship among younger populations. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to (1) investigate the association between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation (SED) and cardiorespiratory fitness and (2) determine the extent to which physical activity mediates this relationship. Methods: Data from 312 youth (aged 12–15 y) were obtained from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Youth Fitness Survey. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using a standard submaximal treadmill test, and maximal oxygen consumption was estimated. Physical activity was self-reported time spent in moderate to vigorous activity. Neighborhood SED was measured by a composite index score at the census tract of residence. Logistic regression analyses examined relationships between neighborhood SED, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness, adjusting for individual-level characteristics and the complex sampling design. Results: Neighborhood SED was not significantly associated with cardiorespiratory fitness or physical activity among youth in the study sample. Conclusions: While not significant, cardiorespiratory fitness levels were observed to decrease as neighborhood SED increased. Future research is needed to better understand this relationship and to identify underlying mechanisms beyond fitness or physical activity that may drive the relationship between neighborhood SED and health.
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46

Lamb, J., L. A. Chase, J. P. Porcari, R. Richardson, and M. McAlpine. "578 HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS IN HKONG YOUTH." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 26, Supplement (May 1994): S103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199405001-00583.

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47

Simmons, Kathryn. "Back to School for Youth Fitness Tests." Physician and Sportsmedicine 14, no. 9 (September 1986): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1986.11709175.

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48

Mahar, Thomas F., Tyler R. Hall, Adrian D. Lloyd, and Matthew T. Mahar. "Musculoskeletal Fitness and Health Outcomes in Youth." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47 (May 2015): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000478626.87517.d2.

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Sinex, Jacob A., Caner Acikada, and Robert F. Chapman. "Relative Age Effects in Youth Fitness Testing." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47 (May 2015): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000479229.84333.8b.

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Borremans, Erwin, Pauli Rintala, and Jeffrey A. McCubbin. "Physical Fitness and Physical Activity in Adolescents With Asperger Syndrome: A Comparative Study." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 27, no. 4 (October 2010): 308–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.27.4.308.

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While physical activity is beneficial for youth with developmental disabilities, little is known about those individuals’ fitness profile and levels of activity. Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate the physical fitness profile and physical activity level of 30 adolescents with and without Asperger syndrome (AS). Evaluations were done using the Eurofit physical fitness test and the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity questionnaire. A 2 × 2 MANOVA indicated that adolescents with AS scored significantly lower than the comparison group on all physical fitness subtests, including balance, coordination, flexibility, muscular strength, running speed, and cardio-respiratory endurance (p < .001). Adolescents with AS were also less physically active (p < .001). Engagement in physical activities is therefore recommended.
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