Relevant bibliographies by topics / Physical geography and topography

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Physical geography and topography'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 12 December 2022
Last updated: 27 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Physical geography and topography"

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Gao, Jay, and Zong-guo Xia. "Fractals in physical geography." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 20, no. 2 (June 1996): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339602000204.

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Since the fractal concept was introduced to measuring coastline length over three decades ago, fractal analysis has been prolifically applied to many topographic studies. A number of mathematical algorithms are now available to determine the fractal dimension for both linear and areal features. These determination methods require one or more straight-line segments to fit the Richardson's plot. A close examination of the literature shows that not all topographic features are fractal at all scales studied. While the multifractal nature of some geographical phenomena has been explored in great depth, it is not completely understood why some terrains are better modelled with fractal geometry than others. Fractal analysis has been successfully used to measure and characterize irregular linear features such as coastlines and shorelines, to describe and characterize landforms, and to delineate landform regions statistically. Fractal analysis can also be used to produce terrain simulations with a known dimension against which hypotheses can be tested. These studies fail to link fractal dimensions to the underlying geomorphic processes. The failure stems from the fact that there is no one-to-one relationship between geomorphic processes and the landforms they shape.
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Qin, Zilong, and Jinxin Wang. "Multifractal Correlation between Terrain and River Network Structure in the Yellow River Basin, China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 10 (October 16, 2022): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11100519.

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As the most basic physical geographic elements, basin terrain and river networks have high spatial complexity and are closely related. However, there is little research on the correlation between terrain and river networks. In this paper, the Yellow River Basin was selected as the study area. Topographic factors of multiple dimensions were calculated. The influence of different topographic factors on the river network structure at different scales and their correlation from a multifractal perspective based on geographical detectors and a geographically weighted regression model were determined. The explanatory power of topography on the river network structure at different scales was: multifractal spectrum width > multifractal spectrum difference > slope > average elevation > elevation maximum > elevation minimum, which generally indicated that the topographic factor that has the greatest influence on the river network structure is the complexity and singularity of the terrain. The second-order clustering of regression coefficients from the results of the geographically weighted regression model revealed that the Yellow River basin was divided into three types of high-aggregation areas, which are dominated by the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Loess Plateau, and the Huang-Huaihai Plain, respectively. The clustering results also revealed that the river network structure was affected by different key topographic factors in the different types of areas. This research studies and quantifies the relationship between basin topography and river network structure from a new perspective and provides a theoretical basis for unraveling the development of topography and river networks.
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Savage, Roger W. H. "Space of Experience, Horizon of Expectation. Spatiotemporal Metaphors, Philosophical Anthropology, and the Flesh." Études Ricoeuriennes / Ricoeur Studies 12, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/errs.2021.557.

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Paul Ricœur’s recourse to the metahistorical categories, space of experience and horizon of expectation, invites an inquiry into geography’s role as the guarantor of history. The ontology of the flesh provides the first indication of how one’s body is implicated in the sense of one’s place in the world. In turn, narrative inscriptions of events on the landscape transform the physical topography of a place into an array of sites where memories of ancestral wisdom and historical traumas endure. By anchoring historians’ representations of the past in the places and locales in which events took place, geography constructs a third space analogous to the third time of history. The aporias engendered by the phenomenology of time, however, have no equivalent in the phenomenology of space. The dissymmetry between the dialectic that informs the discourse of space and the one that informs the discourse of time thus keeps in place the reciprocal relation between geography and historiography.
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Puertas, Jerónimo, Luis Hernández-Ibáñez, Luis Cea, Manuel Regueiro-Picallo, Viviana Barneche-Naya, and Francisco-Alberto Varela-García. "An Augmented Reality Facility to Run Hybrid Physical-Numerical Flood Models." Water 12, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 3290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113290.

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This article presents a novel installation for the development of hybrid physical-numerical flood models in an augmented reality environment. This installation extends the concept introduced by the well-known Augmented Reality-SandBox (AR-Sandbox) module, which presents a more educational, and less research-based and professional application. It consists of a physical scale topography built in a sandbox into which other elements (such as buildings, roads or dikes) can be incorporated. A scanner generates, in real time, a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) from the sandbox topography, which serves as a basis for the simulation of overland flow using professional hydraulic software (Iber+). The hydraulic and hydrological parameters (surface roughness, inlet discharges, boundary conditions) are entered with a simple Graphical User Interface (GUI) developed specifically for this project, as indeed was the entire system that allows the visualization of the simulation results. This allows us to obtain quantitative results of flood extension and magnitude, which are represented directly over the physical topography, yielding a realistic visual effect. This installation is conceived for both educational and professional uses. An example of its use is presented, through which its accuracy can be appreciated, and which also illustrates its potential.
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Smith, M. W., J. L. Carrivick, and D. J. Quincey. "Structure from motion photogrammetry in physical geography." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 40, no. 2 (November 26, 2015): 247–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133315615805.

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Accurate, precise and rapid acquisition of topographic data is fundamental to many sub-disciplines of physical geography. Technological developments over the past few decades have made fully distributed data sets of centimetric resolution and accuracy commonplace, yet the emergence of Structure from Motion (SfM) with Multi-View Stereo (MVS) in recent years has revolutionised three-dimensional topographic surveys in physical geography by democratising data collection and processing. SfM-MVS originates from the fields of computer vision and photogrammetry, requires minimal expensive equipment or specialist expertise and, under certain conditions, can produce point clouds of comparable quality to existing survey methods (e.g. Terrestrial Laser Scanning). Consequently, applications of SfM-MVS in physical geography have multiplied rapidly. There are many practical options available to physical geographers when planning a SfM-MVS survey (e.g. platforms, cameras, software), yet, many SfM-MVS end-users are uncertain as to the errors associated with each choice and, perhaps most fundamentally, the processes actually taking place as part of the SfM-MVS workflow. This paper details the typical workflow applied by SfM-MVS software packages, reviews practical details of implementing SfM-MVS, combines existing validation studies to assess practically achievable data quality and reviews the range of applications of SfM-MVS in physical geography. The flexibility of the SfM-MVS approach complicates attempts to validate SfM-MVS robustly as each individual validation study will use a different approach (e.g. platform, camera, georeferencing method, etc.). We highlight the need for greater transparency in SfM-MVS processing and enhanced ability to adjust parameters that determine survey quality. Looking forwards, future prospects of SfM-MVS in physical geography are identified through discussion of more recent developments in the fields of image analysis and computer vision.
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Asnoune, Salah. "Remote sensing and GIS applications in historical research. Case of The establishment of the Tiaret city (Algeria) during the colonial era." Technium Social Sciences Journal 39 (January 8, 2023): 602–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v39i1.7938.

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The present research paper is a descriptive study of the most essential natural geographic factors that distinguish the location of the city of Tiaret and the surrounding lands, shedding light on the extent of their importance and impact on the emergence of the colonial city, and the relationship of the physical characteristics of the location to the pattern and shape of the urban growth of the city during the colonial era and to the rest of human activities in it, especially agriculture. Moreover, the study also aims to highlight the effectiveness of employing remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems (GIS) as a support and investigation tool for this historical research, which was used as a geographical method through which the researcher is assisted in scrutinizing some of the data and information contained in some previous research related to the geography of the city of Tiaret from the topography, the surface, climate, and hydrography.
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Florinsky, Igor V. "An illustrated introduction to general geomorphometry." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 41, no. 6 (October 4, 2017): 723–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133317733667.

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Geomorphometry is widely used to solve various multiscale geoscientific problems. For the successful application of geomorphometric methods, a researcher should know the basic mathematical concepts of geomorphometry and be aware of the system of morphometric variables, as well as understand their physical, mathematical and geographical meanings. This paper reviews the basic mathematical concepts of general geomorphometry. First, we discuss the notion of the topographic surface and its limitations. Second, we present definitions, formulae and meanings for four main groups of morphometric variables, such as local, non-local, two-field specific and combined topographic attributes, and we review the following 29 fundamental morphometric variables: slope, aspect, northwardness, eastwardness, plan curvature, horizontal curvature, vertical curvature, difference curvature, horizontal excess curvature, vertical excess curvature, accumulation curvature, ring curvature, minimal curvature, maximal curvature, mean curvature, Gaussian curvature, unsphericity curvature, rotor, Laplacian, shape index, curvedness, horizontal curvature deflection, vertical curvature deflection, catchment area, dispersive area, reflectance, insolation, topographic index and stream power index. For illustrations, we use a digital elevation model (DEM) of Mount Ararat, extracted from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 1-arc-second DEM. The DEM was treated by a spectral analytical method. Finally, we briefly discuss the main paradox of general geomorphometry associated with the smoothness of the topographic surface and the non-smoothness of the real topography; application of morphometric variables; statistical aspects of geomorphometric modelling, including relationships between morphometric variables and roughness indices; and some pending problems of general geomorphometry (i.e. analysis of inner surfaces of caves, analytical description of non-local attributes and structural lines, as well as modelling on a triaxial ellipsoid). The paper can be used as a reference guide on general geomorphometry.
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Kobal, Milan, and David Hladnik. "Tree Height Growth Modelling Using LiDAR-Derived Topography Information." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 6 (June 19, 2021): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10060419.

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The concepts of ecotopes and forest sites are used to describe the correlative complexes defined by landform, vegetation structure, forest stand characteristics and the relationship between soil and physiography. Physically heterogeneous landscapes such as karst, which is characterized by abundant sinkholes and outcrops, exhibit diverse microtopography. Understanding the variation in the growth of trees in a heterogeneous topography is important for sustainable forest management. An R script for detailed stem analysis was used to reconstruct the height growth histories of individual trees (steam analysis). The results of this study reveal that the topographic factors influencing the height growth of silver fir trees can be detected within forest stands. Using topography modelling, we classified silver fir trees into groups with significant differences in height growth. This study provides a sound basis for the comparison of forest site differences and may be useful in the calibration of models for various tree species.
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Rutkauskaite, Renata, Thordis Gisladottir, Maret Pihu, Lise Kjonniksen, Irinja Lounassalo, Terhi Huovinen, Rita Gruodyte-Raciene, et al. "Schoolyard Affordances for Physical Activity: A Pilot Study in 6 Nordic–Baltic Countries." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 11640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111640.

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Environmental settings influence children’s and adolescents’ physical activity (PA) in neighborhoods and schoolyards. This study aimed to explore the main characteristics of schoolyards in six Nordic–Baltic countries, to document how those facilities provide affordances for PA in 7–18 year–old schoolchildren, and how the schoolyard meets children’s preferences. One schoolyard was studied in each included country: Iceland, Norway, Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. The affordances, facilities, and equipment for PA in schoolyards were identified through orthophoto maps and standard registration forms. Children’s preferences were collected through group interviews at each participating school. A common design of schoolyards across countries indicated mostly flat topography with sparse vegetation and green areas dominated by large traditional sport arenas such as a football field, areas suitable for ball games, and track and field activities. Green spaces and varied topography were more prominent in Nordic countries. Across nationalities, the responses from pupils regarding the schoolyard were similar: they liked it though they wished for more variety of activities to do during recess. National regulations/recommendations for schoolyard design differed across the countries, being more restricted to sport fields and sport-related activities in Latvia and Lithuania, while in Nordic countries, the recommendations focused more on versatile schoolyard design.
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Wang, Yongzheng, Yiwen Ji, Haoran Yu, and Xiaoying Lai. "Measuring the Relationship between Physical Geographic Features and the Constraints on Ecosystem Services from Urbanization Development." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (July 4, 2022): 8149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138149.

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Exploring the constraint relationship between physical geographic features and urbanization on ecosystem services is important for managing and optimizing regional ecosystem services. Taking Anhui Province as an example, we assessed the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of five types of ecosystem services (habitat support, water production services, soil conservation, NPP, and carbon fixation) and five types of urbanization levels (population, economic, social, ecological, and spatial) in 2000, 2010, and 2020, and integrated the constraint line method, bivariate spatial autocorrelation model, and spatial regression model to measure the relationship between ecosystem services. The spatial constraints between ecosystem services and urbanization level and natural topography in Anhui Province were measured using the constraint line method, bivariate spatial autocorrelation model and the spatial regression model. The results show that: (1) the spatial distribution of the five types of ecosystem services in Anhui Province is characterized as “low in the north and high in the south”. At the provincial level, the five ecosystem services in southern and central Anhui Province are synergistic, while the five ecosystem services in northern Anhui Province show a trade-off; (2) topography has different effects on the five ecosystem services with “exponential” effects on water production services and NPP, “positive convex” effects on habitat support, and “positive convex” effects on habitat support”; (3) the bivariate global autocorrelation Moran’s I index between ecosystem services and urbanization level in Anhui Province is significant, confirming that ecosystem services and urbanization are spatially related, where the development of population urbanization, spatial urbanization, economic urbanization, and social urbanization leads to the decrease in ecosystem services, and ecological urbanization promotes the increase in ecosystem services. In the spatial regression model, the Spatial Lag Model passed the significance test, indicating that there is a spatial spillover effect between ecosystem services and urbanization. That is, changes in ecosystem services are influenced not only by their own urbanization elements, but also by urbanization elements in neighboring units or more distant units. Exploring the constraints of ecosystem services and identifying their interaction with urbanization can provide a scientific basis for land-use optimization, adjusting management measures and achieving regional sustainability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Physical geography and topography"

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Bensimon, Dov Richard. "On the interaction of extratropical cyclones with topography." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29654.pdf.

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Gagnon, Jean Sebastien. "Multiscaling and multifractality in the earth's topography." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33761.

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Topographic transects corning from four different Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) which collectively span different ranges of scales from 20000 km to 0.5 m are analyzed. Power spectra, trace moments and structure functions are used to show that continents and oceans have the same moment scaling function K(q) but different (scale by scale) nonconservation H and also that the Earth's topography is multiscaling from planetary scales down to a few meters. The results also suggest that topography can be described statistically at all scales by a global K(q). The form of K(q) shows that the statistics of topography are close to those predicted by universal multifractals. It seems that the multiscaling of topography is broken because of the presence of trees on the DEM: they introduce a characteristic length in the vertical that is approximately 9 m.
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Strick, Robert John Paul. "Floodplain geomorphology and topography in large rivers." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2016. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a61e4805-4874-4cec-a1d8-e019aefd3053.

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Rivers are essential components of the earth surface. The world’s largest rivers have been studied much less than to smaller rivers. They are dominated by meandering channels – whether these are individual km-wide meander bends or ‘accessory’ meandering channels in an anabranching system. Large rivers, specifically ones with laterally migrating bends, can build a variety of floodplain elements that are represented by a complex surface topography, the dynamics and characteristics of which are not yet fully understood. This research brings a greater understanding to, and quantification of, the floodplain topography and geomorphology of large rivers. The project uses remote sensing imagery of the World’s largest rivers, LiDAR datasets of meandering scroll bar topography, and global coverage elevation data. Novel analytical methods are created, involving image manipulation and GIS processing, to quantify these landforms in a way that was not possible until recent technological and computational advancements. A new hierarchical classification schema of meandering floodplain deposits is presented and applied to quantify meandering deposits for two large rivers, the Amazon and the Ob. Both floodplains show similar downstream morphological changes to their floodplains despite their different sizes and locations. The new classification schema works well to describe meandering floodplain deposits. The geomorphology of scroll bars is investigated for the Mississippi River, revealing the heterogeneity of these deposits and that local meander bend conditions are important in determining scroll bar formation and preservation on the floodplain. The periodicity of scroll bars from a range of rivers is investigated and it is shown that scroll bars are intrinsically linked with the width of the adjacent river channel and respond to local planform changes. Floodplains of large rivers have complex overbank sedimentation processes that create spillage sedimentation phenomena. Spillage sedimentation was quantified down a 1700 km reach of the Amazon River and a 1400 km reach for the River Ob, revealing spatial discontinuities in spillage phenomena. Spillage dominance depends on diverse sediment loadings, hydrological sequencing, and morphological opportunity. Understanding spillage dynamics is important in quantifying overbank sedimentation rates and the spatial distribution of fine-grained deposits. The findings of this thesis highlight that despite the incredible complexity and heterogeneity of large river floodplains, order can be inferred via classification schemas and fundamental relationships identified. The thesis uses novel methods and conceptual models to bring a greater understanding and quantification to this complex floodplain geomorphology.
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Monge, Jackie Ann. "CONVERGENCE OF DUNE TOPOGRAPHY AMONG MULTIPLE BARRIER ISLAND MORPHOLOGIES." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/19.

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Wave-dominated and mixed tidal and wave energy barrier islands are assumed to have characteristic dune topographies that link to their macroscale form. However, there has been no systematic attempt to describe the linkage between barrier island macroscale form and dune topography. The goal of this thesis was to investigate how dune topographies correspond to a number of barrier island morphologies found along the southeastern U.S. Atlantic coast. Macroscale process-form variables were used to classify 77 islands into seven morphologic clusters. Islands from each cluster were selected and sites characteristic of the range of dune topographies within islands were characterized using three methods: the frequency distribution of elevations, directional spatial autocorrelation of elevation at different distance classes, and FRAGSTATS indices summarizing the patch structure of elevations. Variables derived from each of these methods peaked in their ability to discriminate among barrier island morphologies when the islands were aggregated into three groups. An ordination of those variables revealed a two or three-fold grouping of barrier island dune types that approximated the traditional wave dominated and mixed energy barrier island morphologic classification. These findings suggest that dune topographies converge upon two to three configurations even within the heterogeneity in macroscale island morphology.
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Parker, Simon Toby. "An investigation into the effects of complex topography on particle dry deposition." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1471/.

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There is a requirement to predict the spatial variation of particle dry deposition following a nuclear accident. The interaction of landscape features, atmospheric flow and particle dry deposition has been investigated with this in mind. Wind tunnel studies have been used with computational fluid dynamics to predict the deposition rate relative to a flat landscape. Good quantitative agreement was seen for this relative deposition rate. Landscape shapes showed significant effects on deposition rate, increasing it by more than two in some cases, over limited areas. The effect of turbulence intensity, in the absence of landscape features, was also studied and a weak relationship to dry deposition was observed. Computational fluid dynamics methods used in wind tunnel comparisons were extended to a wide range of landscape cases. Deposition rates varied spatially around the landscape features. In general, for hills and ridges, deposition was seen to increase on the windward face, decrease on the leeward face and near wake, and increase in the further wake, before returning to the flat case value. The computational results were applied to a real landscape with the use of a customised geographical information system. Good general agreement was seen when compared with a test case.
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Page, Amaris. "A topographic and photogrammetric study of rock glaciers in the southern Yukon Territory." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28319.

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This research statistically examined the topographic characteristics of rock glacier locations in the Yukon Territory and tested the suitability of the Canadian air photo collection for photogrammetrically measuring rock glacier velocities. A database of more than 1500 rock glacier locations in the Yukon was compiled. The topographic characteristics of rock glaciers in a 12% sample were compared by classifying the sample by morphology (lobate or tongue-shaped) and activity (active, inactive or relict) and testing the difference between the class properties of elevation, slope, aspect and area. Tongue-shaped rock glaciers occurred at significantly higher mean and minimum elevations than lobate forms. Active rock glaciers were significantly larger than inactive and relict forms, and active forms were significantly more north-facing than inactive forms. The photogrammetry study found that it is possible to measure rock glacier movement rates from multi-temporal air photos of the quality and frequency available for the Canadian North. It was also found that thermokarst development could be tracked on multi-temporal air photos, though its presence hinders the measurement of movement. With the continued acquisition of high quality photos, the technique should prove useful for monitoring both rock glacier movement and thermokarst development.
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Miles, Luke G. "Global Digital Elevation Model Accuracy Assessment in the Himalaya, Nepal." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1313.

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Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are digital representations of surface topography or terrain. Collection of DEM data can be done directly through surveying and taking ground control point (GCP) data in the field or indirectly with remote sensing using a variety of techniques. The accuracies of DEM data can be problematic, especially in rugged terrain or when differing data acquisition techniques are combined. For the present study, ground data were taken in various protected areas in the mountainous regions of Nepal. Elevation, slope, and aspect were measured at nearly 2000 locations. These ground data were imported into a Geographic Information System (GIS) and compared to DEMs created by NASA researchers using two data sources: the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (STRM) and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). Slope and aspect were generated within a GIS and compared to the GCP ground reference data to evaluate the accuracy of the satellitederived DEMs, and to determine the utility of elevation and derived slope and aspect for research such as vegetation analysis and erosion management. The SRTM and ASTER DEMs each have benefits and drawbacks for various uses in environmental research, but generally the SRTM system was superior. Future research should focus on refining these methods to increase error discrimination.
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Lam, Norris. "Modeling rating curves from close-range remote sensing data : Application of laser and acoustic ranging instruments for capturing stream channel topography." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-142135.

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A rating curve provides a functional relationship between water height (i.e. stage) and discharge at a specified cross-section in a river. Used in combination with a time series of stage, rating curves become one of the central components for generating continuous records of streamflow. Since developing and maintaining rating curves can be time consuming, hydraulic models have shown potential to reduce the effort required for developing rating curves. A central challenge with modeling procedures, however, is the acquisition of accurate stream channel and floodplain topography. From this perspective, this thesis focuses on the real-world application of close-range remote sensing techniques such as laser-based ranging technologies (i.e. Light detection and ranging or LiDAR) or acoustic based ranging technologies (i.e. acoustic Doppler current profiler or ADCP) to capture topographic information for hydraulic modeling applications across various spatial scales. First, a review of the current LiDAR literature was carried out to identify potential ways to take full advantage of these novel data and technologies in the future. This was followed by four interconnected studies whereby: (i) a low-cost custom laser scanning system was designed to capture grain size distributions for a small stream; (ii) synthetically thinned airborne laser scanning (ALS) data was applied in a physically-based hydraulic modelling framework to develop rating curves; (iii) low-resolution national-scale ALS was coupled with ADCP bathymetry to be used in conjunction with a hydraulic model to develop rating curves; and (iv) the impact of measurement uncertainties on generating rating curves with a hydraulic model were investigated. This thesis highlights the potential of close-range remote sensing techniques for capturing accurate stream channel topography and derive from these data, the necessary parameters required for hydraulic modeling applications.
En avbördningskurva tillhandahåller ett funktionellt förhållande mellan vattendjup (dvs. vattenstånd) och flöde vid ett specifikt tvärsnitt i ett vattendrag. Avbördningskurvan blir en central komponent för generering av kontinuerliga tidsserier av vattenföring från tidsserier av vattenstånd. Eftersom det är tidskrävande att utveckla och underhålla avbördningskurvor erbjuder hydrauliska modeller attraktiva möjligheter att minska den insats som krävs för att utveckla avbördningskurvorna. En central utmaning för sådana modelleringsförfaranden är emellertid tillgången till noggrann topografidata av strömfåran och de omgivande stränderna. Den här avhandlingen fokuserar på tillämpningen av fjärranalystekniker för avståndsmätning på nära håll, såsom laserbaserade teknik (dvs. Light detection and ranging eller LiDAR) och akustisk baserat teknik (dvs. acoustic Doppler current profiler eller ADCP), för att fånga topografisk information för hydraulisk modellering av vattendrag i olika rumsliga skalor. Först presenteras en litteraturstudie av den nuvarande LiDAR-litteratur för att identifiera potentiella sätt att dra full nytta av dessa nya data och tekniker i framtiden. Detta följs av fyra sammanlänkade studier: (i) tillämpning av ett lågkostnads-laseravsökningssystem för att fånga kornstorleksfördelningar i ett litet vattendrag, (ii) syntetiskt förtunnad flygburen laserskanningsdata (ALS) applicerad i en fysiskt baserad hydraulisk modell för att utveckla avbördningskurvor, (iii) lågupplösta ALS från Svensk nationell höjdmodell kopplade med ADCP-batymetri för att ta fram en avbördningskurva med en hydraulisk modell, och (iv) undersökning av effekterna av osäkerheter på mätdata för att generera avbördningskurvor med en hydraulisk modell. Denna avhandling belyser potentialen för fjärranalystekniker för avståndsmätning på nära håll, för att fånga strömfårans exakta topografi och ifrån dessa data härleda de parametrar som krävs för hydrauliska modelleringstillämpningar.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 5: Manuscript.

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Hsu, Li-Chih. "VISUALIZING BARRIER DUNE TOPOGRAPHIC STATE SPACE AND INFERENCE OF RESILIENCE PROPERTIES." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/63.

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The linkage between barrier island morphologies and dune topographies, vegetation, and biogeomorphic feedbacks, has been examined. The two-fold stability domain (i.e., overwash-resisting and overwash-reinforcing stability domains) model from case studies in a couple of islands along the Georgia Bight and Virginia coast has been proposed to examine the resilience properties in the barrier dune systems. Thus, there is a need to examine geographic variations in the dune topography among and within islands. Meanwhile, previous studies just analyzed and compared dune topographies based on transect-based point elevations or dune crest elevations; therefore, it is necessary to further examine dune topography in terms of multiple patterns and processes across scales. In this dissertation, I develop and deploy a cross-scale data model developed from resilience theory to represent and compare dune topographies across twelve islands over approximately 2,050 kilometers of the US southeastern Atlantic coast. Three sets of topographic variables were employed to summarize the cross-scale structure of topography (elevational statistics, patch indices, and the continuous surface properties). These metrics differed in their degree of spatial explicitness, their level of measurement, and association with patch or gradient paradigms. Topographic metrics were derived from digital elevation models (DEMs) of dune topographies constructed from airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). These topographic metrics were used to construct dune topographic state space to investigate and visualize the cross-scale structure of dune topography. This study investigated (1) dune topography and landscape similarity among barrier islands in different barrier island morphologic contexts, (2) the differences in barrier island dune topographies and their resilience properties across large geographic extents, and (3) how geomorphic and biogeomorphic processes are related to resilience prosperities. The findings are summarized below. First, dune topography varies according to island morphologies of the Virginia coast; however, local controls (such as human modification of the shore or shoreline accretion and erosion) also play an important role in shaping dune topographies. Compared with tide-dominated islands, wave-dominated islands exhibited more convergence in dune topographies. Second, the dune landscapes of the Virginia Barrier Islands have a poorly consistent spatial structure, along with strong collinearity among elevational variables and landscape indices, which reflects the rapid retreat and erosion along the coast. The dune landscapes of the Georgia Bight have a more consistent spatial structure and a greater dimensionality in state space. Thus, the weaker multicollinearity and higher dimensionality in the dataset reflect their potential for resilience. Last, islands of different elevations may have similar dune topography characteristics due to the difference in resistance and resilience. Notwithstanding the geographic variability in geomorphic and biogeomorphic processes, convergence in dune topography exists, which is evidenced by the response curves of the topographic metrics that are correlated with both axes. This work demonstrates the usefulness of different representations of dune topography by cross-scale data modeling. Also, the two existing models of barrier island dune states were integrated to form a conceptual model that illuminates different, but complementary, resilience properties in the barrier dune system. The differences in dune topographies and resilience properties were detected in state space, and this information offers guidance for future study’s field site selections.
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Sandström, Sonja. "Central Asian ice-marginal moraines of the global last glacial maximum : An analysis of topographic features affecting the glaciation pattern in the Tian Shan and Altai mountains." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-155171.

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Glacial runoff from the Tian Shan and Altai Mountains is an important water resource, especially for people living in the arid areas of Central Asia. Measured water volumes from glaciers have decreased, and glacier area have shrunk with 50-90% since the Little Ice Age. Lack of knowledge regarding glaciers in high mountain areas, and the impact from climate change makes this an important field to investigate. This thesis focuses on topographic features and their impact on spatial glaciation patterns; today and during the global last glacial maximum, 19-30 thousand years ago (ka). From selected marginal moraines in the Tian Shan and Altai mountains, with a deglaciation age between 19-30 ka, an analysis was created in ArcMap (GIS, Geographic Information System) with 1 arc second resolution ASTER GDEM2 (Digital Elevation Model) and in Google Earth. An elevation profile, hypsometry and mapping were created for the analysis. The interpretations made from the limited dataset resulted in topographic features affecting the glaciation extension today and percentage of decreasing glacier area since 19-30 ka, to be connected to north/south-facing direction of the drainage area and the elevation. Drainage areas experiencing the highest percentage of glacial shrinkage were southfacing and/or at elevation below 3961 m a.s.l.
Central Asia Paleoglaciology Project
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Books on the topic "Physical geography and topography"

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Lorenzetti, Luigi. Relire l’altitude: La terre et ses usages Suisse et espaces avoisinants, XIIe-XXIe siècles. Neuchâtel: Editions Alphil Presses universitaires suisses, 2019.

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Winstanley-Chesters, Robert. Fish, Fishing and Community in North Korea and Neighbours: Vibrant Matter. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2020.

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Sareen, Siddharth. Enabling Sustainable Energy Transitions: Practices of legitimation and accountable governance. Cham: Springer Nature, 2020.

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(Belgium), Institut géographique national. Topografische atlas België. Tielt: Uitgeverij Lannoo, 1992.

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Mabit, Lionel. Assessing Recent Soil Erosion Rates through the Use of Beryllium-7 (Be-7). Cham: Springer Nature, 2019.

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Mosher, David C. Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2010.

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1955-, Sack Dorothy Irene, Gabler Robert E, and Gabler Robert E, eds. Physical geography. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning, 2012.

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Craghan, Michael. Physical Geography. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2004.

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Physical geography. 2nd ed. St. Paul: West Pub. Co., 1992.

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McIntyre, Michael P. Physical geography. 4th ed. New York: Wiley, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Physical geography and topography"

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Holt-Jensen, Arild. "Synthesis of Physical and Human Geography: Necessary and Impossible?" In Socio-Spatial Theory in Nordic Geography, 69–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04234-8_5.

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AbstractThroughout its recorded history, the aims of geography have shifted between synthesis and specialized systematic studies. Cosmography, as understood by Alexander von Humboldt and others, presented an ambitious synthesis of climate, topography, biogeography, settlement and human life. Explorations financed by geographical societies gradually led to growth of specialized disciplines, particularly in natural sciences. This broad activity was regarded as geography by the general public and those that established geography chairs 1870–1910. The first professors adhered to synthesis of human and physical geography and found relevant research themes. Initially geography was dominated by environmental determinism, possibilism and a focus on regional geography through synthesis. Gradually specialized research in systematic branches led to a nomothetic shift to spatial science, inspiring models in both human and physical geography. Synthesis of physical and human geography remained an aim within spatial science but provided few integrating research exemplars. Synthesis of physical and human geo-factors was fundamental for the first professors and was seen as a goal for many geographers in the following generations, but has been difficult to attain in research projects. However, present global changes give our discipline new relevance for research on global sustainability.
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Ceríaco, Luis M. P., Bruna S. Santos, Ricardo F. de Lima, Rayna C. Bell, Sietze J. Norder, and Martim Melo. "Physical Geography of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands." In Biodiversity of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands, 13–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06153-0_2.

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AbstractThe Gulf of Guinea, in the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, has three oceanic islands that arose as part of the Cameroon Volcanic Line. From northeast to southwest these are Príncipe (139 km2), São Tomé (857 km2), and Annobón (17 km2). Although relatively close to the adjacent mainland, the islands have distinct climactic and geomorphologic characteristics, and have remained isolated throughout their geological history. Consequently, they have developed a unique biodiversity, rich in endemic species. We provide an integrated overview of the physical setting of the islands, including their geographic location, geological origin, topography, geology and soils, climate zones, and prevailing wind and ocean currents—key features that underlie the evolution of their biodiversity.
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Buhl, Svend, and Don McColl. "GEOGRAPHY & TOPOGRAPHY." In Henbury Craters and Meteorites, 64–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03955-8_6.

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Markoski, Blagoja. "Basic Principles of Topography." In Springer Geography, 1–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72147-7_1.

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Wang, Jing’ai, Shunlin Liang, and Peijun Shi. "Topography and Landforms." In World Regional Geography Book Series, 63–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04158-7_3.

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Leng, Shuying, Hongyan Liu, Jiawu Zhang, Siyuan He, Xuan Ji, Linshan Liu, Wenxiang Zhang, Huiyi Zhu, Yunlin Zhang, and Xianyan Wang. "Physical Geography." In Springer Geography, 49–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1884-8_4.

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Peng, Hua. "Physical Geography." In Springer Geography, 33–36. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5959-0_3.

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Wang, Wen-Xiong, and Philip S. Rainbow. "Physical Geography." In Estuaries of the World, 5–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61834-9_2.

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Duncan, Hawley. "Physical geography." In Debates in Geography Education, 75–88. Second edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315562452-6.

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Holden, Joseph. "Atmosphere, oceans, climate and weather." In Physical Geography, 45–75. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003124405-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Physical geography and topography"

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Pantuwong, Natapon, Napat Chutchomchuen, and Patphimon Wacharawisoot. "Interactive topography simulation sandbox for geography learning course." In 2016 8th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciteed.2016.7863262.

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Ramamurthy, Adinarayanane, and Anusha Roy. "Green and blue infrastucture to regulate thermal comfort in high density city planning. A case of Navi Mumbai, India." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/amfc5106.

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Cities create an environment that is clearly distinct from their surrounding areas. Urban structures alter the surface energy budget, modify the vertical profile of various atmospheric properties, interact with both local and regional circulation, and introduce anthropogenic heat. As a result, the climate conditions in the urban environment significantly differ from their rural system. Sustainability in planning is a topic of high interest among urban planners, urbanist and policy makers yet lack of scientific knowledge in the field leads to low impact in evolving urban planning decisions. Urban climatic map, as a tool provides a visual and spatial information platform using Geographic Information System (GIS). Increase in vegetation and water surfaces, known as green and blue infrastructure (GBI), is of particular interest due to their multiple functionality and benefits for the urban environment, such as increasing urban biodiversity and improving air quality in case of urban vegetation. The urban climatic, environmental and planning parameters, as well as their impact, are considered to synthesize and comprehensively evaluate the physical urban environment with regard to thermal load and dynamic potential. The parameters considered to evaluate Thermal load include: Topography; Population Density; Land Surface Temperature; Air Temperature and Dynamic potential are: Normalized difference Built up Index; Normalized difference Vegetation Index; Normalized difference Water Index and Prevailing Wind of the study region. Study concludes with planning decisions to develop urban climatology-based map for GBI to enhance cooling effects and thereby undertaking measures to regulate thermal comfort in the city through green and blue infrastructure.
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Mejia, Christian, Ming-Hsiang Tsou, and Minjuan Wang. "Work-in-Progress–Virtual Reality Integration into Geography Education: A Case Study of Physical Geography." In 2022 8th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ilrn55037.2022.9815963.

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Huixian, Jiang, and Chen Xin. "Design and Applied Research of Virtual Geography Experiment System Based on Coastal Topography Cognition." In 2021 16th International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccse51940.2021.9569608.

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Tomida, Takayuki, Takayo Ogawa, Satoshi Wada, M. D. Rodriguez Frias, and Andrii Neronov. "Remote sensing for physical geography from ISS by JEM-EUSO." In SPIE Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing, edited by Kazuhiro Asai, Nobuo Sugimoto, Upendra N. Singh, Achuthan Jayaraman, Jianping Huang, and Detlef Mueller. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.977301.

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Tyas Wulan Mei, Estuning, Ifa Meilyana Sari, Alia Fajarwati, and Diwya Safitri. "Assessing the Social Economic and Physical Vulnerabilities to Gamalama Volcano." In lst International Cohference on Geography and Education (ICGE 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icge-16.2017.7.

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Tanarro, Luis M., Jose Úbeda, Nuria De Andrés, José M. Fernández-Fernández, Javier De Marcos, Diana Ovaco, Jesús García, and David Palacios. "Design of three-dimensional cartographical didactic materials for Physical Geography teaching." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11195.

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Three-dimensional cartographic resources are an important tool in the teaching of Physical Geography and other Earth Sciences. They are also able to help the students to reach a better understanding of the natural landscape. The objective of this work is to design appropriate 3D didactic resources to facilitate the teaching of the landforms in the Higher Education context. These didactic materials have been prepared by using Geographic Information Technologies (GIT). These graphical materials have been created with specific GIT tools, but they can be used by teachers and students with standardized sotfware (Google Earth, Adobe Acrobat Reader or image viewers). Specifically, files with topographical and geological information have been prepared to work with Google Earth. The digital elevation models (DEM) can be viewed in three-dimensional files in 3D PDF format. This work also proposes the creation of photo-realistic images with thematic information draped with the DEM in isometric perspective. Finally, 3D models have been made from the application of photogrammetric techniques so that can be seen in stereoscopic mode as an alternative to the traditional techniques. In conclusion, all these 3D didactic materials proposed in this work showed a great potential as complementary resources in the teaching and learning of Physical Geography and other Earth Sciences.
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Ye, Wei, Mohamed Baker Alawieh, Yuki Watanabe, Shigeki Nojima, Yibo Lin, and David Z. Pan. "TEMPO: Fast Mask Topography Effect Modeling with Deep Learning." In ISPD '20: International Symposium on Physical Design. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3372780.3375565.

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Tyas Wulan Mei, Estuning, Djati Mardianto, Evita Pamudianti, and Dwi Yanti Amalia. "Physical Assessment of Barangka Tugurara towards Volcanic Hazards of Gamalama Volcano." In lst International Cohference on Geography and Education (ICGE 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icge-16.2017.1.

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Logunova, Elena. "Morphological evolution of the fringe-belts of Krasnoyarsk." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6052.

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Elena Logunova1Master of Urban Planning, Post-graduate student, 1Department of Urban Design and Planning, School of Architecture and Design, Siberian Federal University Address: 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation E-mail: ikukina@inbox.ru , el.lgnv@yandex.ruScientific adviser: Pd.D., Professor - I. V. Kukina Keywords: fringe-belt, Siberia, urban morphology, fixation lineConference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphologyThe fringe-belt concept is one of the most important concepts in urban morphology which provides a possibility to analyze existing urban layout. Urban fringe-belt phenomenon in cities of Siberia hitherto was poorly investigated. Thus, it constitutes an extremely broad research area.Phases and processes of formation, transformation and alienation in urban fringe-belts examines at the case of Krasnoyarsk from the 17th to mid 20th centuries. Krasnoyarsk was founded as a military stockaded town in 1628 during the first period of Siberia development and experienced several historical stages in the process of urban growth.Relation of changes in fringe-belts structure and political and socio-economic contexts is evidently at all periods of their physical formation. Natural fixation lines (topographic features, body of big river, and development of small river valley) and man-made fixation lines (city walls, railway corridor) influenced to the formation and evolution processes of fringe-belts and urban fabric generally. Railway was a turning point in the city expansion and contributed to overcoming of the power natural fixation line as the Yenisei river. Unlike the urban core, right bank of Krasnoyarsk formed as a linear city with specific fringe belts.Detailed analysis of Krasnoyarsk city plan indentifies several morphological units separated by fringe-belts. These fringe-belts are characterized by distinctive road network, variety of land-use units and heterogeneous forms in plan. It presents difficulties for reconstruction projects of modern city. An approach for renovation of these territories needs to depend on urban morphology methodology. ReferencesConzen M. P., Kai Gu, Whitehand J. W. R. (2012) ‘Comparing traditional urban form in China and Europe: a fringe-belt approach’ Urban Geography, 33, 1, p. 22–45.Whitehand J.W. R, Morton N. J. (2003) ‘Fringe belts and the recycling of urban land: an academic concept and planning practice’, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, volume 30, p.819- 839. Ünlü T. (2013) ‘Thinking about urban fringe belts: a Mediterranean perspective’, Urban Morphology 17 (1), p. 5-20.
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Reports on the topic "Physical geography and topography"

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Brown, Gavin, Naomi Holmes, Catherine Souch, and Nicola Thomas. Enabling equitable cultures in Physical Geography. Royal Geographical Society (with IBG), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55203/lhmx2434.

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Malone, Melanie. Using Critical Physical Geography to Map the Unintended Consequences of Conservation Management Programs. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5523.

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Бондаренко, Ольга Володимирівна, Світлана Вікторівна Мантуленко, and Андрій Валерійович Пікільняк. Google Classroom as a Tool of Support of Blended Learning for Geography Students. CEUR-WS.org, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2655.

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Abstract. The article reveals the experience of organizing blended learning for geography students using Google Classroom, and discloses its potential uses in the study of geography. For the last three years, the authors have tested such in-class and distance courses as “Cartography and Basics of Topography”, “Population Geography”, “Information Systems and Technologies in Tourism Industry”, “Regional Economic and Social World Geography (Europe and the CIS)”, “Regional Economic and Social World Geography (Africa, Latin America, Asia, Anglo-America, Australia and Oceania)”, “Socio-Economic Cartography”. The advantages of using the specified interactive tool during the study of geographical disciplines are highlighted out in the article. As it has been established, the organization of the learning process using Google Classroom ensures the unity of in-class and out-of-class learning; it is designed to realize effective interaction of the subjects learning in real time; to monitor the quality of training and control the students’ learning achievements in class as well as out of it, etc. The article outlines the disadvantages that should be taken into account when organizing blended learning using Google Classroom, including the occasional predominance of students’ external motivation in education and their low level of readiness for work in the classroom; insufficient level of material and technical support in some classrooms; need for out-of-class pedagogical support; lack of guidance on the content aspect of Google Classroom pages, etc. Through the test series conducted during 2016-2017, an increase in the number of geography students with a sufficient level of academic achievements and a decrease of those with a low level of it was revealed.
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Karstensen, Johannes, Alexandra Andrae, Ludwig Bitzan, Jakob Deutloff, Christiane Lösel, Paul J. Witting, Nils O. Niebaum, et al. Student cruise: Observing techniques for Physical Oceanographers Cruise No. AL529. GEOMAR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al529.

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Oct. 07 2019 – Oct. 10, 2019 Kiel (Germany) – Kiel (Germany) MNF-Pher-110The main purpose of the ALKOR cruise AL529 was the training of students in observational techniques applied by physical oceanographers. The students who participated in the trip attend the module "Measurement Methods of Oceanography" which is offered in the Bachelor program "Physics of the Earth System" at CAU Kiel. During the AL529 the students were instructed in instrument calibration and in the interpretation of measurement data at sea. In addition, the students had the opportunity to learn about working and living at sea and to explore and study the impact of physical processes in the western Baltic Sea, the sea at their doorstep. The observations show a quasi-synoptic picture of the hydrography and currents in the western Baltic Sea. Twice-repeated hydrographic and current sections across the Fehmarn Belt show well the short time scales where significant changes occur. A zonal section along the deepest topography, from about 10°40'E to 014°21'E, shows very nicely the two-layer system of outflowing low salinity and inflowing North Sea water. A bottom shield anchorage shows the currents in the water column and the near-bottom temperature and salinity variations in the Fehmarnbelt area.
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