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Journal articles on the topic 'Physical output'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 January 2023

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

DeAngelis, Richard, and M. Lindsay Lessig. "Physical augmentation of cardiac output." Critical Care Nursing Quarterly 10, no. 4 (March 1988): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002727-198803000-00006.

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2

TORNAMBÉ, ANTONIO. "Physical realizability of output feedback control laws." International Journal of Systems Science 24, no. 7 (July 1993): 1403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207729308949569.

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3

Dietzenbacher, Erik. "Waste treatment in physical input–output analysis." Ecological Economics 55, no. 1 (October 2005): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.04.009.

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4

Casazza, Marco, Francesco Gonella, Gengyuan Liu, Antonio Proto, and Renato Passaro. "Physical Constraints on Global Social-Ecological Energy System." Energies 14, no. 23 (December 6, 2021): 8177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14238177.

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Energy is the main driver of human Social-Ecological System (SES) dynamics. Collective energy properties of human SES can be described applying the principles of statistical mechanics: (i) energy consumption repartition; (ii) efficiency; (iii) performance, as efficient power, in relation to the least-action principle. International Energy Agency data are analyzed through the lens of such principles. Declining physical efficiency and growth of power losses emerge from our analysis. Losses mainly depend on intermediate system outputs and non-energy final output. Energy performance at Country level also depends on efficient power consumption. Better and worse performing Countries are identified accordingly. Five policy-relevant areas are identified in relation to the physical principles introduced in this paper: Improve efficiency; Decouple economic growth from environmental degradation; Focus on high value added and labor-intensive sectors; Rationalize inefficient fossil fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption; Upgrade the technological capabilities. Coherently with our findings, policies should support the following actions: (1) redefine sectoral energy distribution shares; (2) Improve Country-level performance, if needed; (3) Reduce intermediate outputs and non-energy final output; (4) Reduce resources supply to improve eco-efficiency together with system performance.

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Vernaza-Pinzón, Paola, and Gabriel Álvarez-Bravo. "Latin American Scientific Output in Physical Therapy/Kinesiology." Aquichan 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2011.11.1.7.

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Objetivo: caracterizar la producción latinoamericana de literatura científica sobre fisioterapia / kinesiología entre los años 2000 y 2007. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo a 1700 artículos en el área de fisioterapia / kinesiología publicados en las bases de datos de Scielo y Lillacs. Las variables estudiadas fueron: frecuencia documental, número de documentos encontrados, producción científica por país, producción científica por cada descriptor sobre fisioterapia / kinesiología, número de autores, filiación institucional, tipo de publicación, idioma, tipo de estudio y número de referencias bibliográficas. Resultados: la tendencia de producción científica por país refleja que Brasil lidera con el 70,1 % la producción científica de la fisioterapia / kinesiología en Latinoamérica, seguido de Chile con el 13,4 %, Colombia y Venezuela con el 6 %, Argentina con el 3,4 %, y con menos del 1 % de representatividad en producción se encuentran Cuba y Perú. Conclusiones: a pesar de que los estudios bibliométricos en una sola área del conocimiento no resuelven las necesidades de medida de la actividad científica, dan claridad y orientan el trabajo investigativo. Conocer las investigaciones de la fisioterapia / kinesiología en la región permitirá a los académicos generar una política de investigación latinoamericana que redunde en el beneficio de la profesión, de las comunidades y del contexto.

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6

Grasselli, Osvaldo Maria, and Sauro Longhi. "Robust output regulation under uncertainties of physical parameters." Systems & Control Letters 16, no. 1 (January 1991): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6911(91)90026-b.

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7

Tanaka, Masaaki, Yoshihito Shigihara, and Yasuyoshi Watanabe. "Central inhibition regulates motor output during physical fatigue." Brain Research 1412 (September 2011): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2011.07.021.

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8

Wang, Junwei, Kairui Chen, and Qiuli Liu. "Output Consensus of Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems with Physical and Communication Graphs." Complexity 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9091380.

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This paper deals with the output consensus problem of heterogeneous networks in a leader-follower manner that are interconnected by a physical coupling graph. The network under consideration consists of linear agents with different dynamics/dimensions. Both the state-feedback and output-feedback control protocols based upon information flow prescribed by a separate communication graph are developed, using the internal model principle and relative outputs of neighboring agents. With the small-gain theorem, we convert the consensus problem into a H∞ control problem of decoupled linear systems having the same dimensions as a single agent, where the disturbance attenuation constraints depend on the largest singular value related to the global information of physical and communication graphs. Then, we provide local synthesis procedures for control gains in terms of feasible solutions of algebraic Riccati equations. Finally, simulation examples are presented to verify the performance of the theoretical results.

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9

Prihhartini, Sya'baningrum. "LEARNING GRAMMAR THROUGH PHYSICAL GAMES." Sukma: Jurnal Pendidikan 2, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32533/02201.2018.

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This study aims to investigate the language output resulted from physical games played as a practice to learn grammar. 20 university students were involved in a game in which they had to jump and throw a marker towards cue cards that contained questions in If-Conditional Type II structure. The students’ language output during the game was recorded and analyzed qualitatively. The result shows that physical game facilitates the learners to acquire new grammartical items and that it is effective to a good extent.Keywords : physical games, grammar, accuracy

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10

Shephard, R. J. "Accelerometer Output and MET Values of Common Physical Activities." Yearbook of Sports Medicine 2011 (January 2011): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yspm.2010.12.003.

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11

KOZEY, SARAH L., KATE LYDEN, CHERYL A. HOWE, JOHN W. STAUDENMAYER, and PATTY S. FREEDSON. "Accelerometer Output and MET Values of Common Physical Activities." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42, no. 9 (September 2010): 1776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181d479f2.

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12

Barrett, Steve, Matthew C. Varley, Samuel P. Hills, Mark Russell, Matt Reeves, Adam Hearn, and Christopher Towlson. "Understanding the Influence of the Head Coach on Soccer Training Drills—An 8 Season Analysis." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 8149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228149.

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Soccer players perform a variety of training drills to develop the physical, technical and tactical qualities required for match-play. The role of coaches in prescribing training suggests that players may not always meet physical targets set by conditioning staff. To quantify the physical outputs elicited by different training drill types, 183 professional soccer players were monitored over 8 seasons using Microelectromechanical Systems during normal training, yielding 65,825 drill observations [362 ± 341 observations·player−1]. Linear mixed models assessed the influence of drill type, head coach and playing position on physical output. Drills lasted ~14 min, eliciting total distances and high speed running of ~1000 m and 40 m, respectively. Conditioning drills elicited substantially greater relative high-speed running [18.8 ± 27.2 m.min−1] and Sprint [3.5 ± 9.4 m.min−1] distances than all other drill types. The proportion of training drill types used and external outputs elicited per drill were affected by the head coach. Midfielders recorded the highest total distance [77.3 ± 36.1 m.min] and PlayerLoad™ [8.29 ± 3.54] of any playing position, whilst the lowest outputs were recorded by goalkeepers. This study provides reference data for practitioners when seeking to manipulate training prescription to achieve physical output targets whilst also meeting the team’s technical and tactical objectives.

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13

FUKUYAMA, HIROFUMI, and WILLIAM L. WEBER. "MODELING OUTPUT GAINS AND EARNINGS' GAINS." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 04, no. 03 (September 2005): 433–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622005001659.

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In this paper, we examine the potential gains in physical outputs or earnings on outputs from an optimal reallocation of inputs. When some decision-making units (DMUs) face higher input prices than other DMUs, the Farrell decomposition of cost efficiency can potentially indicate that a firm with lower overall costs of production is less efficient than a firm that uses fewer physical inputs, but has higher costs. We extend our gain functions accounting for cases where DMUs face different input prices. An empirical illustration of our method is provided using data on Japanese banks operating during 2000–2003.

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Al-Rabbaie, Arqam Abdul Razzaq, Usama Robin Al-qalawi, and Ahmad Alwaked. "Do Government Expenditures in G7 Countries Target Socioeconomics or Physical Output?" Economies 10, no. 10 (October 21, 2022): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10100262.

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The issue of valuable government policy interventions has not been fully addressed. Therefore, this paper analyzes the impact of government capital expenditure on production efficiency in the G7 countries. Two models are estimated with different dependent variables: the Human Development Index (HDI) as a dependent variable to capture the socio-economic impact and the gross domestic product (GDP) as a dependent variable to capture the physical impact. The paper uses a set of panel data for the G7 countries spanning the years 2000–2018, which were obtained from the World Development Indicators (WDI) database. The paper applies stochastic production frontier analysis (SFA) to estimate each country’s yearly efficiency and to estimate the impact of government expenditure on the overall technical inefficiency for both models. The results demonstrate that increasing government expenditure boosts the inefficiency in the G7 countries in the HDI model, but it depresses inefficiency in the GDP model. This may suggest that government capital expenditure in the G7 countries was directed toward increasing physical output—not toward socio-economic outputs such as health and educational output—during the study period. Furthermore, the results show that the estimated average technical efficiency over the study period was 93.4% for the HDI model and 81.2% for the GDP model. Finally, the results show that the G7 countries’ objectives were not similar in this area, with some countries using socioeconomic-oriented policies and others using physical-capital-oriented policies.

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15

Fukunaga, T., A. Matuo, K. Funato, Y. Kawakami, and H. Numazawa. "The measurement of power output exerted with various physical movements." Japanese journal of ergonomics 27, Supplement (1991): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.27.supplement_152.

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16

Choe, Wonseok, and Jinho Jeong. "Compact Modified Wilkinson Power Divider With Physical Output Port Isolation." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 24, no. 12 (December 2014): 845–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2014.2303164.

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Choe, Wonseok, and Jinho Jeong. "-Way Unequal Wilkinson Power Divider With Physical Output Port Separation." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 26, no. 4 (April 2016): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2016.2537043.

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18

Dolara, Alberto, Sonia Leva, and Giampaolo Manzolini. "Comparison of different physical models for PV power output prediction." Solar Energy 119 (September 2015): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.06.017.

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19

HOSHINA, Masao. "Introduction(II Physical Aspects for Output Measurements in Radiation Therapy)." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 55, no. 3 (1999): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003110461.

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20

Kim, Young, and Young-Chul Yoon. "An Unequal Divider with Enhanced Physical Isolation Between Output Ports." Journal of Korea Navigation Institute 18, no. 4 (August 30, 2014): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12673/jant.2014.18.4.359.

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21

Weisz, Helga, and Faye Duchin. "Physical and monetary input–output analysis: What makes the difference?" Ecological Economics 57, no. 3 (May 2006): 534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.05.011.

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22

Tanaka, Masaaki, and Yasuyoshi Watanabe. "Neural compensation mechanisms to regulate motor output during physical fatigue." Brain Research 1395 (June 2011): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2011.04.041.

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23

Singh, Shweta, Jana E. Compton, Troy R. Hawkins, Daniel J. Sobota, and Ellen J. Cooter. "A Nitrogen Physical Input-Output Table (PIOT) model for Illinois." Ecological Modelling 360 (September 2017): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.06.015.

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24

Shaqarin, Tamir. "Smith predictor-based PI control of a wet granulation process." JORDANIAN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES (JJECI) 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.48103/jjeci122018.

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The need for prediction and reference updating in feedback control of a wet granulation process is addressed. The granulation process is often modeled as a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) linear model with dead-time. Industrial implementation of granulation process poses strict constraints on the process inputs & outputs. The presence of dead-time and the physical necessity of the input-output constraints are the key challenges of the wet granulation control. These challenges motivated the use of model predictive control (MPC) for such processes. In this work, a Smith predictor-based proportional-integral (PI) controller is designed for the dead-time compensation. Accompanied with the reference updating method to handle the physical constraints. The regulation and reference tracking control problems are assessed via closed-loop simulations of the wet granulation model. The ability of the proposed control approach of dead-time compensation and coping with input/output constraints is rigorously proved. The current approach is compared to MPC of a similar granulation process and found superior in terms of output stability, performance and reference tracking.

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25

Hysa, Azem. "Modeling and Simulation of the Photovoltaic Cells for Different Values of Physical and Environmental Parameters." Emerging Science Journal 3, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2019-01202.

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Both research and technological development in the area of renewable energy sources are necessary to account for the increase in energy demand and environment problems in the world. The photovoltaic (PV) cell has been described by non-linear outputs characteristics in current-voltage and power-voltage. This outputs is affected by various effects such as; series resistance ( ), shunt resistance ( ), solar irradiance and temperature. In this paper the effect of variation of parameters has been studied such as series resistance ( ) and shunt resistance ( ) of the diode in the photovoltaic cell and these effects could be seen in the Current-Voltage (I-V) and Power-Voltage (P-V) characteristic curves. In this paper also has been studied the effect of variation of the environmental parameters such as solar irradiance and temperature. Results show that a higher temperature at constant solar irradiance produces a decrease power. So the voltage and the photovoltaic cell output power tend to decrease at higher temperatures, but there is no noticeable effect on the photovoltaic cell current. Thus, it is important to keep the cell temperature as low as possible, because higher temperatures have negative effect on output power of photovoltaic cell. On the other hand, the effect of solar irradiance on photovoltaic cell, it reveals that higher solar irradiance gives higher current and higher power. Shunt resistance has significant effect on the operating characteristic curves of PV cells as low power output is recorded if the value of shunt resistance varies from 0.07 ohms to 1700 ohms. Finally, I have presented power-voltage characteristic curves and current voltage characteristic curves of photovoltaic cell for different solar irradiance in Shkoder, Tirana and Vlore.

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26

Shephard, R. J., E. Bouhlel, H. Vandewalle, and H. Monod. "Muscle mass as a factor limiting physical work." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 1472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.4.1472.

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Maximal exercise has been performed by eight men and eight women, using four types of ergometer (2-leg, 1-leg, arm + shoulder, and arm) while breathing room air and while breathing 12% O2. Results have been related to anthropometric estimates of muscle mass in the active limbs. Although significant sex differences of O2 transfer and power output are shown, the sex-specific aerobic performance was roughly proportional to active muscle volume (both when comparing individuals on a given type of ergometer and when comparing average scores of the several types of ergometer). However, the relationship was closer for steady power output than for peak O2 intake (where the scores for arm work were boosted by the use of accessory muscles and by hyperventilation). When breathing 12% O2, the 2-leg performance was substantially reduced (an average of 28.7% for O2 transport and 19.2% for power output). This effect dropped to 9.1% for O2 transport and 12% for power output in one-leg ergometry and was negligible for arm or arm plus shoulder work. It is argued that because of difficulty in perfusing small muscles, arm work is limited largely by the intrinsic power of the active muscles, that single-leg ergometry is limited rather equally by central circulatory and muscular factors, and that two-leg ergometry is almost entirely dependent on the central circulatory transport of O2.

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27

Kelly, Louise A., John J. Reilly, Sheila C. Fairweather, Sarah Barrie, Stanley Grant, and James Y. Paton. "Comparison of Two Accelerometers for Assessment of Physical Activity in Preschool Children." Pediatric Exercise Science 16, no. 4 (November 2004): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.16.4.324.

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The primary aim of this study was to test the validity of two accelerometers, CSA/MTI WAM-7164 and Actiwatch®, against direct observation of physical activity using the Children’s Physical Activity Form (CPAF). CSA/MTI WAM-7164 and Actiwatch accelerometers simultaneously measured activity during structured-play classes in 3- to 4-year olds. Accelerometry output was synchronized to CPAF assessments of physical activity in 78 children. Rank order correlations between accelerometry and direct observation evaluated the ability of the accelerometers to assess total physical activity. Within-child minute-to-minute correlations were calculated between accelerometry output and direct observation. For total physical activity, CSA/MTI output was significantly correlated with CPAF (r = .72, p < .001), but output from the Actiwatch was not (r = .16, p > .05).

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28

Huang, S. Y., and K. Youcef-Toumi. "Zero Dynamics of Physical Systems From Bond Graph Models—Part II: MIMO Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 121, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2802436.

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Zero dynamics is an important feature in system analysis and controller design. Its behavior plays a major role in determining the performance limits of certain feedback systems. Since the intrinsic zero dynamics can not be influenced by feedback compensation, it is important to design physical systems so that they possess desired zero dynamics. In the Part I paper, a method is proposed to derive the zero dynamics of SISO systems from bond graph models. Using this approach, the design of physical systems, including the consideration of zero dynamics, can be performed in a systematic way. In this paper, the extension of the proposed method for MIMO systems is presented. It is shown that for MIMO systems, the input-output configurations determine the existence of vector relative degrees. If a system has a vector relative degree, it’s zero dynamics can be identified by a straightforward extension of the proposed method. If a system does not have a vector relative degree, a dynamic extension procedure may be used to fix the structure. By doing so, the zero dynamics can still be identified in a similar manner. It is also shown that if the input-output configurations are ill-designed, not only the relative degrees do not exist, but also the zero dynamics can not be reasonably defined. In that case, independent tracking controls for all the outputs are impossible. Therefore, the results in this paper provide a guideline for the design of the input-output configurations as well as the zero dynamics of MIMO systems.

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29

TATEOKA, Kunihiko. "4. Dosimetry of Output for the Varian Dynamic Wedge(II Physical Aspects for Output Measurements in Radiation Therapy)." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 55, no. 3 (1999): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00003110465.

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30

Wang, Ying, Liu-An Li, Jin-Ping Ao, and Yue Hao. "Physical-Based Simulation of the GaN-Based Grooved-Anode Planar Gunn Diode." Micromachines 11, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11010097.

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In this paper, a novel gallium nitride (GaN)-based heterostructure Gunn diode is proposed for the first time to enhance the output characteristics of Gunn oscillation waveforms. A well-designed grooved anode contact is adopted to separate the long-channel diode into two short-channel diodes in parallel. If the grooved anode contact is positioned in the middle of the device, the output power nearly doubles in the grooved-anode diode compared with the single-channel ones, as does the output frequency. Based on the numerical results, the best output characteristics are obtained at the 2.0-µm symmetrical grooved-anode diode, which produces nearly 5.48 mW of power at the fundamental frequency of 172.81 GHz, with 3.13% efficiency of power conversion. If the grooved anode contact is not positioned in the middle of the diode, the harmonic frequency would be enhanced. The GaN heterostructure grooved-anode Gunn diode has been demonstrated to be an excellent solid-state source of terahertz oscillator.

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31

Jin, Dan, Bo Chen, Li Yu, and Shichao Liu. "Adaptive output regulation for cyber-physical systems under time-delay attacks." Control Theory and Technology 20, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11768-021-00072-w.

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32

Mizoguchi, Masashi, and Toshimitsu Ushio. "Output Feedback Controller Design with Symbolic Observers for Cyber-physical Systems." Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 232 (December 13, 2016): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.232.7.

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33

Maroun, M. J., S. Mehta, R. Turcotte, M. G. Cosio, and S. N. Hussain. "Effects of physical conditioning on endogenous nitric oxide output during exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 79, no. 4 (October 1, 1995): 1219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1995.79.4.1219.

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Nitric oxide (NO) has been detected in the expiratory air of normal animals and human subjects. Recent experiments revealed that expiratory NO production rises during exercise and correlates well with O2 consumption (VO2) and heart rate. Whether physical conditioning influences expiratory NO output production remains unclear. In this study, NO concentration in expired gas was measured in 18 healthy male volunteers subdivided into three groups (sedentary, intermediate, and athletic) on the basis of the subjects' state of physical conditioning. Measurements were taken at rest and during two steady-state exercise bouts on a bicycle ergometer designed to elicit VO2 of 1 and 2 l/min with the athletes performing an additional bout at VO2 of 4 l/min. In the sedentary and intermediate groups, expired NO concentrations declined significantly with increasing VO2. In contrast, expired NO levels declined only slightly with increasing VO2 in the athletes. At a VO2 of 2 l/min, expired NO concentrations were significantly higher in the athletes compared with values in the other groups. When correlated with minute ventilation (VE), expired NO concentrations declined linearly with the increase in VE in sedentary and intermediate groups but not in the athletes. Only the athletes had a significant linear increase in NO output (expired NO x VE) with increasing VO2 (P < 0.001). These results support the notion that physical conditioning increases expiratory NO output during exercise. We speculate that the rise in expiratory NO output in the athletes might be due to increased vascular and/or epithelial production of NO. Enhanced vascular NO production may be the result of increased shear stress and/or upregulation of endothelial NO synthase gene expression.

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34

Dagli, N. "Physical origin of the negative output resistance of heterojunction bipolar transistors." IEEE Electron Device Letters 9, no. 3 (March 1988): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/55.2059.

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35

Wang, Zhiwen, Long Li, Hongtao Sun, Chaoqun Zhu, and Xiangnan Xu. "Dynamic Output Feedback Control of Cyber-Physical Systems Under DoS Attacks." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 181032–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2959083.

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36

Sweegers, Maike G., Laurien M. Buffart, Rosalie J. Huijsmans, Inge R. Konings, Annette A. van Zweeden, Johannes Brug, Mai J. M. Chinapaw, and Teatske M. Altenburg. "From accelerometer output to physical activity intensities in breast cancer patients." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 23, no. 2 (February 2020): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.09.001.

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37

Fukuyama, Hirofumi, Atsuo Hashimoto, Kaoru Tone, and William L. Weber. "Does human capital or physical capital constrain output in Japanese prefectures?" Empirical Economics 54, no. 2 (January 7, 2017): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00181-016-1202-5.

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38

Murgo, Margherita, Lisa Nicholson, Liz Steel, Gordon Flynn, Martin Boyle, Maureen O’Brien, and David Bihari. "Can a physical examination technique be used to determine cardiac output?" Australian Critical Care 22, no. 1 (February 2009): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2008.12.014.

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39

Liang, Sai, and Tianzhu Zhang. "Data Acquisition for Applying Physical Input-Output Tables in Chinese Cities." Journal of Industrial Ecology 15, no. 6 (October 13, 2011): 825–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00372.x.

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40

Altimiras-Martin, Aleix. "ANALYSING THE STRUCTURE OF THE ECONOMY USING PHYSICAL INPUT–OUTPUT TABLES." Economic Systems Research 26, no. 4 (August 27, 2014): 463–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09535314.2014.950637.

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41

Xu, Yijian, and Tianzhu Zhang. "A new approach to modeling waste in physical input–output analysis." Ecological Economics 68, no. 10 (August 2009): 2475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.04.010.

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42

Philipona, D., J. K. O'Regan, and J. P. Nadal. "Is There Something Out There? Inferring Space from Sensorimotor Dependencies." Neural Computation 15, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 2029–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089976603322297278.

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This letter suggests that in biological organisms, the perceived structure of reality, in particular the notions of body, environment, space, object, and attribute, could be a consequence of an effort on the part of brains to account for the dependency between their inputs and their outputs in terms of a small number of parameters. To validate this idea, a procedure is demonstrated whereby the brain of a (simulated) organism with arbitrary input and output connectivity can deduce the dimensionality of the rigid group of the space underlying its input-output relationship, that is, the dimension of what the organism will call physical space.

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van der Ploeg, Melanie M., Julian Koenig, Mika P. Tarvainen, and Julian F. Thayer. "From Individual Output to Pooled Data." Journal of Psychophysiology 32, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000196.

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Abstract. This technical note introduces an easy-to-use macro in Office Excel to batch the output from Kubios HRV 2.2, which is a software program for heart rate variability (HRV) data extraction. Due to a new release of the program, previous solutions have become outdated. The current macro simplifies and substantially reduces the time needed to post-process the output from Kubios HRV 2.2. With the use of this macro, advancements in knowledge on the role of HRV in mental and physical health can be accelerated.

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Bouten, C. V., W. P. Verboeket-van de Venne, K. R. Westerterp, M. Verduin, and J. D. Janssen. "Daily physical activity assessment: comparison between movement registration and doubly labeled water." Journal of Applied Physiology 81, no. 2 (August 1, 1996): 1019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.2.1019.

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The use of movement registration for daily physical activity assessment was evaluated during a 7-day period in 30 free-living subjects. Body movement was registered with a Tracmor motion sensor consisting of a triaxial accelerometer and a data unit for on-line processing of accelerometer output over 1-min intervals. Average Tracmor output was correlated against four different energy estimates: 1) average daily metabolic rate (ADMR), determined with doubly labeled water; 2) ADMR-sleeping metabolic rate (SMR; determined in a respiration chamber); 3) (ADMR-SMR) per kilogram of body mass; and 4) the overall physical activity level (PAL = ADMR/SMR). The highest correlation was found for the relationship between Tracmor output and PAL (r = 0.58). After correction for Tracmor values arising from vibrations produced by transportation means, this correlation was improved to 0.73. There was no difference between Tracmor output and PAL in discriminating between overall activity levels with "low" (PAL < 1.60), "moderate" (1.60 < or = PAL < or = 1.85), and "high" (PAL > 1.85) intensity. It is concluded that the Tracmor can be used in free-living subjects to distinguish among interindividual as well as intraindividual levels of daily physical activity.

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EROKHIN, VICTOR, GERARD DAVID HOWARD, and ANDREW ADAMATZKY. "ORGANIC MEMRISTOR DEVICES FOR LOGIC ELEMENTS WITH MEMORY." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 22, no. 11 (November 2012): 1250283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127412502835.

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Memristors are promising next-generation memory candidates that are nonvolatile, possess low power requirements and are capable of nanoscale fabrication. In this article, we physically realize and describe the use of organic memristors in designing stateful boolean logic gates for the AND OR and NOT operations. The output of these gates is analog and dependent on the length of time that suitable charge is applied to the inputs, displaying a learning property. Results may be also interpreted in a traditional binary manner through the use of a suitable thresholding function at the output. The memristive property of the gate allows for the production of analog outputs that vary based on the charge-dependent nonvolatile state of the memristor. We provide experimental results of physical fabrication of three types of logic gate. A simulation of a one-bit full adder comprised of memristive logic gates is also included, displaying varying response to two distinct input patterns.

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Li, Xing, Liang Wang, and Bang Yuan Wu. "Research on Efficiency of Physical Capital and Human Capital in China's Economic Growth." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2970–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2970.

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Research on economic growth in the past concerns only with physical capital and human capital in the absolute amount of effects at the expense of the efficiency of the present situation, we use the 1981-2008 China's annual time-series data, with uniform measurement to build econometric models to study China's economic growth in the efficiency of physical capital and human capital. Our research results indicate that in the long term, human capital is of much higher output efficiency than physical capital; In the short term, increased input ratio of human capital causes average labour output to grow sustainably, and increased input ratio of physical capital only between the 1th and 2nd period dues to rapid increase in average labour output and then declined rapidly.

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Plotnikov, L. V., B. P. Zhilkin, Yu M. Brodov, N. I. Grigoriev, and L. E. Osipov. "Physical simulation of thermomechanics of gas flows in the output channels of turbocharger centrifugal compressor." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 22, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2020-3-44-50.

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It is known that the thermal and mechanical characteristics of the air flow in the output channel of the turbocharger compressor largely determine the efficiency and quality of the gas exchange processes of the piston engine. The research was carried out on an experimental installation containing a turbocharger, output channels of different configurations, a measurement database and a data collection system. It was found that the stabilization of the flow in the output channel of the compressor leads to a significant increase in the heat transfer intensity (up to 25 %) compared to the base pipeline, while reducing the degree of turbulence by up to 30 %. In the output channel of the compressor with grooves, there is an even more significant increase in the heat transfer intensity (up to 30 %) with an increase in the degree of turbulence by up to 12% compared to the base channel. The proposed configurations of the compressor output channels can be used to intensify heat exchange in order to naturally cool the air during the intake process, as well as to stabilize the gas dynamic parameters of the flow in order to reduce the hydraulic resistance of the intake system of the turbocharged engine.

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Marrier, Bruno, Julien Robineau, Julien Piscione, Mathieu Lacome, Alexis Peeters, Christophe Hausswirth, Jean-Benoît Morin, and Yann Le Meur. "Supercompensation Kinetics of Physical Qualities During a Taper in Team-Sport Athletes." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 9 (October 2017): 1163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0607.

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Peaking for major competition is considered critical for maximizing team-sport performance. However, there is little scientific information available to guide coaches in prescribing efficient tapering strategies for team-sport players. Purpose:To monitor the changes in physical performance in elite team-sport players during a 3-wk taper after a preseason training camp. Methods:Ten male international rugby sevens players were tested before (Pre) and after (Post) a 4-wk preseason training camp focusing on high-intensity training and strength training with moderate loads and once each week during a subsequent 3-wk taper. During each testing session, midthigh-pull maximal strength, sprint-acceleration mechanical outputs, and performance, as well as repeated-sprint ability (RSA), were assessed. Results:At Post, no single peak performance was observed for maximal lower-limb force output and sprint performance, while RSA peaked for only 1 athlete. During the taper, 30-m-sprint time decreased almost certainly (–3.1% ± 0.9%, large), while maximal lower-limb strength and RSA, respectively, improved very likely (+7.7% ± 5.3%, small) and almost certainly (+9.0% ± 2.6%, moderate). Of the peak performances, 70%, 80%, and 80% occurred within the first 2 wk of taper for RSA, maximal force output, and sprint performance, respectively. Conclusions:These results show the sensitivity of physical qualities to tapering in rugby sevens players and suggest that an ~1- to 2-wk tapering time frame appears optimal to maximize the overall physical-performance response.

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Yang, Qingyuan, E. Bruce Pitman, Elaine Spiller, Marcus Bursik, and Andrea Bevilacqua. "Novel statistical emulator construction for volcanic ash transport model Ash3d with physically motivated measures." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 476, no. 2242 (October 2020): 20200161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0161.

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Statistical emulators are a key tool for rapidly producing probabilistic hazard analysis of geophysical processes. Given output data computed for a relatively small number of parameter inputs, an emulator interpolates the data, providing the expected value of the output at untried inputs and an estimate of error at that point. In this work, we propose to fit Gaussian Process emulators to the output from a volcanic ash transport model, Ash3d. Our goal is to predict the simulated volcanic ash thickness from Ash3d at a location of interest using the emulator. Our approach is motivated by two challenges to fitting emulators—characterizing the input wind field and interactions between that wind field and variable grain sizes. We resolve these challenges by using physical knowledge on tephra dispersal. We propose new physically motivated variables as inputs and use normalized output as the response for fitting the emulator. Subsetting based on the initial conditions is also critical in our emulator construction. Simulation studies characterize the accuracy and efficiency of our emulator construction and also reveal its current limitations. Our work represents the first emulator construction for volcanic ash transport models with considerations of the simulated physical process.

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GIOVANNETTI, VITTORIO, LORENZO MACCONE, SAIKAT GUHA, SETH LLOYD, JEFFREY H. SHAPIRO, and BRENT J. YEN. "MINIMUM OUTPUT ENTROPY OF A GAUSSIAN BOSONIC CHANNEL." International Journal of Quantum Information 03, no. 01 (March 2005): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749905000657.

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The entropy at the output of a Bosonic channel is analyzed when coherent fields are randomly added to the signal. Coherent-state inputs are conjectured to provide the minimum output entropy. Supporting physical and mathematical evidence is provided.

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