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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physical planning'
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1
Yao, Bo. "Physical planning of VLSI layout /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3189794.
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Roos, Håkan. "Physical Planning of ASIC’s in mobile systems." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8641.
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With increasing demands in terms of timing, area and power, today’s ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) designers are faced with new problems as technology emerges. Ericsson has started to work in 65 nm and realized that the methods used in previous, larger technologies, does not offer good enough correlation between synthesis and the results after physical placement. This leads to several expensive and time consuming iterations back and forth between Ericsson and the ASIC vendor.
In order to narrow the gap between Ericsson and the ASIC vendor, and hence increase correlation, physical planning has been identified as a possible solution. Cadence First Encounter, part of the Cadence Encounter digital IC design platform, is an advanced tool for silicon virtual prototyping. The tool basically brings back-end placement knowledge to front-end ASIC designers.
This master’s thesis main goal is to evaluate Cadence First Encounter and investigate how it could be integrated with Ericsson’s design flow. The tool has been tested on previous designs with known issues and the results are positive. By using the prototype work flow in First Encounter that is described in this report, it is possible to identify and correct issues with the netlists in time, which will help shortening the lead time in projects and hence also the time to market.
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Ekpanyapong, Mongkol. "Microarchitecture-Aware Physical Planning for Deep Submicron Technology." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10467.
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The main objective of this thesis is to develop a new design paradigm that combines microarchitecture design and circuit design with physical design for deep submicron technology. For deep submicron technology, wire delay will be the bottleneck for high performance microarchitecture design. Given the location information, inter-module latency can be calculated and hence, performance of the system can be estimated.
In this thesis, we present a novel microarchitectural floorplanning that can help computer architects tackle the wire delay problem early in the microarchitecture design stage. We show that by employing microarchitectural floorplanning up to 40\% performance gain can be achieved. We also extend the framework to include three dimensional integrated circuit (3D-IC). 3D-IC is a new integration technique that is also introduced to address the wire delay issue in deep submicron technology. By combining microarchitectural floorplanning with 3D-IC, we show that wire delay impact can be reduced substantially. We also show that not only the module location, but also the module size can impact the performance. Adaptive search engine is introduced to identify the right module size. Using our adaptive search engine, we show that the system can identify good module sizes that help improve the performance with a shorter run-time than the limited runtime brute force search.
Our microarchitecture-aware physical planning assumes that the target clock period can be achieved by inserting more flip-flops into the system. Inserting flip-flops along the wires can make the system meet the timing constraints without violating correctness of the circuit on that path because the function of the wire is to transfer signal from one location to another. However, inserting the flip-flop along the paths that consist of gates cannot guarantee the correctness of that path. A circuit optimization technique that allows flip-flop insertion along circuit path is called retiming. In this dissertation, We show that retiming can be used to achieve target clock period in microprocessor design. With the same target clock period, power reduction technique can be combined with retiming to help reduce the power consumption. We show that up to 34% power reduction can be achieved without timing violation. Furthermore, to tackle the problem of process variation in deep submicron, we also propose a modified retiming that can tolerate errors from statistical timing computation. We show that our statistical retiming algorithm provides close results to Monte-Carlo simulation results.
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Sundler, Sofie Inger. "Ecosystem Services in Spatial Planning : Towards Sustainable Development in the Swedish Physical Planning Process." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-19823.
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This thesis aims at defining the connection between the increasingly popular ecosystem services theory and its practical implications for sustainable development in Swedish physical spatial planning. A literature study was made to summarize the ecosystem services and resilience thinking concepts (with an emphasis on ecosystem services), their definitions and potential uses in physical spatial planning. This overview was then applied in choosing a concept framework to be tested in a case-study: the possible changes in ecosystem services and their values in a land-use trade off situation. To gather insight into the benefits of the ecosystem services concept, compared to environmental integration into physical spatial planning on a municipal level today, the literature study was extended to encompass a short overview of environmental management in the Swedish planning system. Finally, the case study was introduced to municipal employees with strong ties to the planning process, in order to gage their opinions on the ecosystem services concept and its usefulness in planning for sustainability and increased human wellbeing. The results of these interviews showed a generally positive attitude towards the concept as a way to gather and communicate ecological and socio-cultural information to decision makers. The economic valuation was deemed less important as the method is fraught with such difficulties. Overall, the ecosystem services and resilience thinking concepts have great potential to gather the discontinuous environmental management methods toward sustainable (ecologic) development, but in order for this to happen, the municipalities need to be given the right resources, and incentives, for implementation.
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Knechtel, Johann. "Interconnect Planning for Physical Design of 3D Integrated Circuits." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-143635.
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Vertical stacking—based on modern manufacturing and integration technologies—of multiple 2D chips enables three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs). This exploitation of the third dimension is generally accepted for aiming at higher packing densities, heterogeneous integration, shorter interconnects, reduced power consumption, increased data bandwidth, and realizing highly-parallel systems in one device. However, the commercial acceptance of 3D ICs is currently behind its expectations, mainly due to challenges regarding manufacturing and integration technologies as well as design automation. This work addresses three selected, practically relevant design challenges: (i) increasing the constrained reusability of proven, reliable 2D intellectual property blocks, (ii) planning different types of (comparatively large) through-silicon vias with focus on their impact on design quality, as well as (iii) structural planning of massively-parallel, 3D-IC-specific interconnect structures during 3D floorplanning. A key concept of this work is to account for interconnect structures and their properties during early design phases in order to support effective and high-quality 3D-IC-design flows. To tackle the above listed challenges, modular design-flow extensions and methodologies have been developed. Experimental investigations reveal the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed techniques, and provide findings on 3D integration with particular focus on interconnect structures. We suggest consideration of these findings when formulating guidelines for successful 3D-IC design automationDreidimensional integrierte Schaltkreise (3D-ICs) beruhen auf neuartigen Herstellungs- und Integrationstechnologien, wobei vor allem “klassische” 2D-ICs vertikal zu einem neuartigen 3D-System gestapelt werden. Dieser Ansatz zur Erschließung der dritten Dimension im Schaltkreisentwurf ist nach Expertenmeinung dazu geeignet, höhere Integrationsdichten zu erreichen, heterogene Integration zu realisieren, kürzere Verdrahtungswege zu ermöglichen, Leistungsaufnahmen zu reduzieren, Datenübertragungsraten zu erhöhen, sowie hoch-parallele Systeme in einer Baugruppe umzusetzen. Aufgrund von technologischen und entwurfsmethodischen Schwierigkeiten bleibt jedoch bisher die kommerzielle Anwendung von 3D-ICs deutlich hinter den Erwartungen zurück. In dieser Arbeit werden drei ausgewählte, praktisch relevante Problemstellungen der Entwurfsautomatisierung von 3D-ICs bearbeitet: (i) die Verbesserung der (eingeschränkten) Wiederverwendbarkeit von zuverlässigen 2D-Intellectual-Property-Blöcken, (ii) die komplexe Planung von verschiedenartigen, verhältnismäßig großen Through-Silicion Vias unter Beachtung ihres Einflusses auf die Entwurfsqualität, und (iii) die strukturelle Einbindung von massiv-parallelen, 3D-IC-spezifischen Verbindungsstrukturen während der Floorplanning-Phase. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht darin, Verbindungsstrukturen mit deren wesentlichen Eigenschaften bereits in den frühen Phasen des Entwurfsprozesses zu berücksichtigen. Dies begünstigt einen qualitativ hochwertigen Entwurf von 3D-ICs. Die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten modularen Entwurfsprozess-Erweiterungen bzw. -Methodiken dienen zur effizienten Lösung der oben genannten Problemstellungen. Experimentelle Untersuchungen bestätigen die Wirksamkeit sowie die Effektivität der erarbeiten Methoden. Darüber hinaus liefern sie praktische Erkenntnisse bezüglich der Anwendung von 3D-ICs und der Planung deren Verbindungsstrukturen. Diese Erkenntnisse sind zur Ableitung von Richtlinien für den erfolgreichen Entwurf von 3D-ICs dienlich
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Tecwyn, Emma Carolan. "Physical cognition in great apes : planning and object compliance." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4914/.
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It has been suggested that great ape cognitive abilities evolved in response to challenges in the physical environment related to large body size. As wild orangutans travel through the forest canopy compliant branches deform under their weight, which increases the size of gaps to be crossed and poses issues of safety and stability; yet they achieve safe and efficient locomotion. Wild orangutans also build structurally complex nests and select branches for nest-building on the basis of their compliant properties. Both of these behaviours suggest that orangutans (1) are able to consider alternative possible actions or to plan and execute appropriate sequences of actions; and (2) possess some knowledge of object compliance (flexibility). This thesis investigated these cognitive abilities in captive great apes (orangutans and bonobos) as well as human adults and children, by presenting individuals with novel problem-solving tasks (puzzle-boxes) and novel objects (locomotor supports) and observing their behavioural responses. Attempts were made to address previous issues associated with studying physical cognition in animals, and particular attention was paid to individual differences and the role of exploration when interpreting results. Studying cognitive abilities related to wild orangutan behaviour may have implications for the evolution of cognition in great apes.
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Koegelenberg, Johannes Josias Albertus. "Integrating physical asset management with business strategy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50373.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A critical success factor for investment in high capital intensive business is to ensure that there is an integrated physical asset management plan in place that is integrated with the business strategy. The three fundamental aspects in modern physical asset management are to have a balanced performance measurement framework, self assessment system and benchmark review process in place to integrate, control and continuously improve the return on asset investment. There is a general lack of "hands-on" structured integration and performance management in the physical asset management environment. The result is ineffective assets with high life cycle costs that will have a negative effect on the business return on investment. A literature study was done on the most resent physical asset management models and business performance measurement systems to identify if the necessary methods and business systems exist to effectively manage the physical asset management function. A self assessment review and benchmark was done on Ticor South Africa and Kumba Resources centres to identify the gap in performance and what the main criteria is for improvement. The process was also used to identify the barriers that exist to effectively implement and integrate physical asset management with a link into business strategy. Achieving success in any strategy implementation requires a team effort among all stakeholders. A shared understanding and collaboration of all the role players is required. Very often physical asset management is not seen as core business, but as a cost centre that cannot be done without. This leads to sub optimisation and increased asset life cycle cost. It also promotes the tendency to make short-term financial decisions that do not have any longterm sustainability. A further downside to it is that if the function is seen as a service department it will only be reactive to business strategy and does not form part of the business strategy. This leads to a very reactive situation where the actions are driven by fixing what is wrong just to stay in business. A uniform performance measurement framework must be implemented across all business functions to align the entire organisation with the business goals. All functions have an effect on overall business performance, but they seldom have conflicting goals. Physical asset managers are sometimes not properly prepared and skilled to ensure that an effective and efficient physical asset management function is being maintained. Training and learning should be a major focus to ensure optimum use of employee potential in meeting the functional goals. Ignored leadership is a recipe for poor performance and frustration. The degree to which a company's business functions and processes are aligned with customers' needs makes a significant impact on the bottom line. The key objectives for the physical asset management strategy should be drafted with customer "needs and wants" in mind. The objective must be to maximise long-term profitability of plant and equipment through utilisation of the allocated resources. The opportunities and improvement methods that are possible in the physical asset management environment are endless and the potential that exists can be missed by the likelihood of failure to implement it effectively. The lack of managerial support is in many cases the only cause of failure to link physical asset management with business strategy. Secondly, the weakness of some of the solutions offered and the lack of embedding the solutions that are generated also contribute to the failure of linking physical asset management with business strategy. "The secret of managing success is choosing the right direction despite the uncertainties and conjlicting stakeholder expectations, and taking the whole organisation with you." - John Woodhouse.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Kritiese faktor vir die suksesvolle belegging in kapitaal intensiewe besighede is om te verseker dat 'n geïntegreerde fisiese batebestuurplan in plek is wat met die besigheidstrategie integreer. Die drie fundamentele aspekte in moderne fisiese batebestuur is om 'n gebalanseerde prestasieraamwerk vir bestuur, self-evalueringstelsel en doelwit-bestuursproses in plek te hê, om dit te integreer, te beheer en deurlopend opbrengste op bate-belegging te verbeter. Daar is 'n algemene gebrek aan vaardighede om die gestruktureerde integrasie en prestasiebestuur in die fisiese batebestuursomgewing te verseker. Die resultaat is oneffektiewe bates met baie hoë lewensikluskoste wat die besigheid se opbrengs op kapitaal negatief sal beinvloed. 'n Literatuurstudie is gedoen om die nuutste fisiese batebestuurmodelle en prestasiebestuurstelsels te identifiseer en te analiseer. Die doel was om vas te stel of die nodige metodes en besigheidraamwerke bestaan waarmee die fisiese batebestuur funksie bestuur kan word. 'n Self-evaluering analise en doelwitmeting is gedoen op Ticor South Africa en Kumba Resources-sentra met die doel om die gapings in prestasie te identifiseer en kriteria vir verbetering te bepaal. In die proses is die hindernisse wat in die pad van effektiewe implementering en integrering van fisiese batebestuur met besigheidstrategie staan, geïdentifiseer. Spanwerk word benodig vir die suksesvolle implementering van besigheidstrategie. 'n Gedeelde verstandhouding en samewerking deur alle belanghebbendes word benodig. Fisiese batebestuur word gereeld uitgesonder as een van die nie-kern besigheidsfunksies en dat dit slegs 'n kostesentrum is waarmee nie weggedoen kan word nie. Dit lei tot die suboptimisering van die bate se lewensiklus-koste. Dit skep ook die tendens om slegs korttermyn finansiële besluite te neem, wat geen langtermyn volhoubaarheid het nie. 'n Verdere gevolg is dat die funksie slegs beskou kan word as 'n dienste-funksie en dat dit baie reaktief raak teenoor strategie verandering. Die funksie word ook nie deel van die besigheidstrategie nie. Dit lei tot 'n baie reaktiewe situasie waarin aksies en inisiatiewe slegs gedryf word deur die noodsaaklikste bates te herstel net om in besigheid te bly. 'n Uniforme prestasie-bestuursraamwerk moet geïmplementeer word regoor al die besigheidsfunksies om die totale organisasie se besigheidsdoelwitte in ooreenstemming te bring. Al die besigheidfunksies het 'n effek op oorhoofse besigheidprestasie, maar daar is baie selde doelwitte wat totaal in konflik met mekaar is. Fisiese batebestuurders is soms nie ten volle voorbereid of bevoeg om te verseker dat 'n effektiewe fisiese batebestuursfunksie onderhou word nie. Opleiding en mentorskap moet 'n fokuspunt wees om te verseker dat werknemerpotensiaal benut word in die bereiking van funksionele doelwitte. Leierskap wat agterweë bly is 'n resep vir lae prestasie en frustrasie. Die graad waartoe 'n besigheidfunksie en proses ooreenstem met sy kliente se behoeftes sal 'n beduidende impak op die netto prestasie van die besigheid hê. Die kern doelwitte van die fisiese batebestuurstrategie moet opgestel word deur die behoeftes van die kliente in ag te neem. Langtermyn winsgewendheid van aanlegtoerusting moet die doelwit wees tydens die allokasie van hulpbronne. Die geleenthede en verbeteringsmetodes beskikbaar in die fisiese batebestuuromgewing het oneindige potensiaal wat verlore kan gaan as nagelaat word om die funksie effektief te implementeer. Gebrek aan ondersteuning deur bestuur is in baie gevalle die rede hoekom die fisiese batebestuurfunksie nie geïntegreer is met die besigheidstrategie nie. Die swakpunte van sommige van die oplossings wat aangebied word en die onvermoë om oplossings te implementeer, dra by tot die mislukking om fisiese batebestuur met besigheidstrategie te verbind. "The secret of managing success is choosing the right direction despite the uncertainties and conflicting stakeholder expectations, and taking the whole organisation with you. " - John Woodhouse.
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Wang, Renshen. "Physical planning to embrace interconnect dominance in power and performance." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/fullcit?p3404703.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2010.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 15, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 49-50).
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Tweedale, Robyn. "Integration of information technology and physical asset planning and management." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15798/.
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Queensland University of Technology has radically restructured the top-level governance systems for information technology planning and management. Additionally, QUT has integrated information technology planning and management with physical infrastructure planning and management via the Asset Management Plan. To complete the approach, QUT has instigated a top-level governance committee for IT to ensure alignment with organisational goals and strategies. This is an unusual development for IT planning and management at an Australian university and attracted attention from the Commonwealth Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST) as well as other universities in the Australian tertiary education sector and led to the research study. This research studies the redevelopment of the information technology planning and management approach. The survey research determines the level of integration of IT and university planning, and the correlation of this integration to effectiveness of IT planning. The case study documents the changes, highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the new approach and provides a model for change in IT management at other Australian universities. It is evident from current literature on information technology management and strategic planning that these developments are validated as steps toward achieving best practice in information technology planning and management. Through rigorous conduct of interviews, observations and review of documentation and through application of a survey questionnaire to a defined population, the research reviews the developments and ongoing implementation of the planning and management infrastructure. Among the outcomes from the new approach are better alignment of information technology investment with QUT goals and objectives, better benefits realisation from information technology investment, better project management of information technology development and innovation, and increased flexibility and accountability in information technology expenditure. Finally, a comparison to other information technology planning and management methods in place at Australian universities demonstrates the uniqueness of the QUT approach. The thesis reports the benefits and difficulties associated with this approach, and provides a context for future development of IT planning, management and governance at QUT.
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Smith, Andrea Lynn. "Healthy Communities: Designing, Planning and Implementing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32704.
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It is easy to overlook the individual features that constitute a community, including types and mix of land use, lot sizes, building type, size and height, setbacks, street and sidewalk widths, parking requirements, and infrastructure, all of which are controlled and regulated by land use development codes, more commonly referred to as zoning. Zoning is the primary means communities employ to control and guide land use and development decisions affecting the physical form of these places. However, zoning is a rigid, legal framework that separates uses and prescribes standards without describing or even considering what development will or should look like.
Disenchantment with conventional zoning methods combined with innovative new approaches that address current and emerging issues are now readily available to learn from and adapt. A number of these approaches focus on design and form rather than use alone. The intentions of code reform focus on the creation of better public space, pedestrian friendly streets and communities, mixing uses and reducing parking requirements, all of which can lead to increased physical activity and healthy communities.Master of Landscape Architecture
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Charlebois, James Thomas. "Planning and design, the essential relationship; the role and purpose of physical design in the planning profession." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0016/MQ48259.pdf.
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Aradas, Rodolfo D. "Groundwater and surface water interaction for integrated catchment planning." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12810/.
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Integrated Catchment Management (ICM), defined as the design of intervention strategies encompassing and integrating the fields of hydrology, environmental, social and economic science, is vital in order to reach sustainable solutions on a catchment basis. Modelling lies at the core of the ICM process as it supports baseline studies and enables analysis of proposed intervention measures both for present day conditions and under future scenarios. Its core role in ICM leads to the need to develop modelling into a more comprehensive activity within which the design of a modelling approach, selection of tools and need for linkages can be thoughtfully matched to the requirements of ICM. Initial research revealed a gap in this area, leading to development of a Framework for Catchment Modelling Studies (FCMS) intended to create a staged and systematic approach that could be used as a template for development of modelling exercises that strike the right balance between ICM needs, project costs and the availability of human and technical resources. To demonstrate the utility of the FCMS and populate it with application guidance, practical techniques and examples, technical research was focused on analysis of groundwater-surface water interaction in the Rio Salado Basin. This flatland of 175,000km2, is located in the Buenos Aires Province of Argentina and features widespread groundwater-surface water interaction as the key driver of the flooding in vast areas of the basin. This flooding currently limits the potential for agricultural and livestock development of what is, economically, most important region of the country. Research revealed that use of uncoupled groundwater-surface water models was inadequate to simulate observed flooding in a test area of the Rio Salado Basin, and a new program - iSISMOD - was developed by coupling MODFLOW (McDonald and Harbaugh, 1988) with ISIS (HR Wallingford and Halcrow, 1995) to permit dynamic coupling of both systems and support improved flood probability mapping. The research concludes that adoption of an FCMS approach would provide scientists and engineers with a systematic basis from which to think through technical issues involved in the modelling cycle, and would facilitate improved decision making on key issues, such as when uncoupled models must be replaced by coupled models. This systematic approach is not only resource-effective, it is more importantly essential to support development of integrated catchment management plans that are sustainable.
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Płuciennik, Fryderyk. "A systems approach toecosystem services planning in Stockholm County." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-189947.
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The concept of Ecosystem services was developed mainly in the 1980’s, but one of the most important milestones in that process was publication of Millennium Ecosystem Assessment in 2005 which divided ecosystem services into four different types: provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting. Ecosystem services are being degraded in many cases all over the world. Integrating the concept into the planning process may help to improve this situation. Sweden and Stockholm have long tradition in spatial planning, but there is still a lot to improve when it comes to sustainable management of ecosystem services. One of the reasons is that there is a lack of holistic perspective in planning and systems thinking might be a tool to decrease this deficiency. The aim of the project is to identify the most representative and significant ecosystems in Stockholm County and explain the dynamics within the system of maintenance of ecosystem services on the both regional and local level of planning in Stockholm County. The research has been conducted using literature review as well as semistructured interviews with the most significant stakeholders who are involved in physical planning in Stockholm County both on regional and municipal level. During the interviews five Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs) where developed. The study concludes that four most representative ecosystems in Stockholm County are: Lake Mälaren, Local green structures, Green wedges and Rural areas. They provide various types of ecosystem services, but the most important and strategic ones seem to be regulating and cultural types since they were the ones easily (and in biggest number listed by the interviewees). The research furthermore concludes that the biggest threats for the identified ecosystems are connected with development of the County, growing population and pressure from the building industry as well as the climate change. Physical planning in Stockholm County has the opportunity to counteract these threats by implementing the concept of ecosystem services planning process and due to collaborative work between municipalities. It is also important to distinguish between ecosystem services per se and what is a requirement for the provision of ecosystem services. In the future this qualitative research could be supplemented with a more detailed/quantitative studies which would contribute to better estimation the results of different planning decisions and include the money factor which have not been researched in this study.
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Ayorekire, Jim. "Planning for sustainable tourism development in the Lake Victoria shore region of Uganda : a physical environment planning approach." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4826.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 209-224).
This study examined whether sustainable tourism development could be achieved in the Lake Victoria shore region of southern Uganda, based on the physical environment indicators of sustainable tourism. This arose out of the observation that tourism in this region was developing in an unplanned manner which was likely to be environmentally destructive. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional descriptive survey involving an analytical research design. Its objectives include: to identify the spatial and temporal characteristics of the tourism sites; to assess their performance relative to the physical environment indicators of sustainable tourism; to examine the factors explaining the performance of the sites; and to develop a planning approach that will help attain sustainable tourism development. Data were collected using survey, non-survey and geo-spatial methods. The survey methods included interviews and questionnaires, which were administered to planning and environment officials, local residents and visitors selected using various sample methods. Documentary analysis, field observation, remote sensing and experimentation were among the nonsurvey and geo-spatial methods used. Data were analysed using qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques, which included documentary analysis, statistical techniques involving, chi square, data reduction, ANOVA, and correlation and regression analysis. Results indicate that lakeshore tourism sites are increasing in both number and size, which is gradually resulting in a clustered spatial patterning, especially in urban areas. Sites are receiving an increasing number of visitors, mainly nationals and day visitors. Apart from conservation areas, the contribution of the sites to nature conservation is concluded to be minimal and their management of solid and sewage waste, water quality and use intensity generally poor. Moreover, tourism planning and development control was found to either be limited or lacking, a situation that has resulted in unregulated tourism development. This poses a significant threat, not only to the fragile physical environment of the lakeshore region, but also to the future of lakeshore tourism itself. Analysis of the results show that there are significant relationships between spatial distribution of sites, their characteristics, site performance and factors explaining the performance and planning for sustainable tourism development in the region. Further analysis indicates that each of these variables may significantly predict planning, especially at site and local government level. Accordingly, a linear regression model-based planning approach is developed. This study explains how the model, when rooted in incremental planning theory, can be applied in order to plan for sustainable tourism in the lakeshore region. It highlights the variables and the sequence in which tourism planning efforts can be applied. The study concludes that, although this planning approach may not provide a panacea to the achievement of sustainable tourism development in the lakeshore region, it represents a valuable contribution towards the understanding of sustainable tourism planning. With the identification of critical tourism planning intervention points, the Lake Victoria shore region may be able to develop into a major tourism destination that is environmentally sustainable.
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Peart, Wilbur L. "A Site Planning and Design Process for Antiterrorism Practices." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36473.
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This study explores a solution to a growing problem
involving the landscapes of many prominent landmarks
in America. The probability that terrorists will target
and attack public and private sites has mandated
increased security presence. The initial response was to
surround sensitive facilities with barriers and guards.
Thus, the images of these sites intended to be publicly
open and welcoming are being transformed to seemingly
modern fortresses. To date, the solution to the problem
has focused on sophisticated engineering and electronics
to help protect vulnerable architecture. Meanwhile, the
potential contribution of the landscape architecture
profession has not been fully recognized.
This thesis develops a planning process to guide
the integration of site design and physical security.
It describes the role of the landscape architect on
design teams charged with the complex task of protecting
against terrorism. The document provides the landscape
architect with a flowchart, site images, and a step-by-step
process that leads to reconciliation of conflicting needs.
The thesis culminates with a conceptual schematic site
design that demonstrates how the site planning and design
process proposed in this thesis can be a mechanism to
achieve both secure and socially desirable landscapes.
This thesis helps resolve the current dilemma of how
to maintain an adequate degree of security while preserving
a sense of openness on a site. The paper identifies functions
specific to the landscape architecture profession that ease
and improve collaboration on secure site design. It identifies
a niche that has the potential to increase the demand for
landscape architectural services. Most importantly, the planning
and design process proposed in this document fills a void in the
existing literature by addressing the significance of landscape
architecture in antiterrorism practices.Master of Landscape Architecture
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Walker, Ann L. (Ann Lee). "Strategic Planning Applications in Postsecondary Institutions with Accredited Physical Therapy Educational Programs." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331640/.
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Although strategic planning has been used successfully in most major business institutions, higher education has been slow to adopt this management technique. Involvement in planning is a critical issue for allied health educational programs, such as physical therapy, which are relatively new to the academic environment. These programs face a continual need to update their curricula and clinical education based on rapid changes in the health care delivery system and the profession. The problem of this study was to determine the extent to which the strategic planning process is currently applied in institutions in the United States which offer accredited physical therapy educational programs.
The population of this study was made up of the chief executive officers of the 115 public and independent institutions that offer physical therapy educational programs. Selected experts on strategic planning and chief executive officers were surveyed in two phases using a mailed questionnaire designed to measure the organization, characteristics, and impact of strategic planning in institutions that offer accredited physical therapy educational programs. Seventy-three percent of the chief executive officers responded, and 50.9 percent indicated their involvement with strategic planning by completing the questionnaire.
The findings indicate that, although there is general agreement between the experts and the chief executive officers concerning the characteristics of strategic planning, differences exist. Differences were also identified between academic health centers and other types of institutions, between public and independent institutions, and between institutions by type of physical therapy degree offered. It was concluded that, in the opinion of the chief executive officers, strategic planning processes are being practiced in institutions that offer physical therapy programs, that this process is compatible with academic collegiality, that changes are made in policies and programs but not in the mission, that although faculty members including those from physical therapy are involved, the role and the involvement of these individuals is unclear, and that information-gathering and evaluation methods could be refined.
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Staples, Kerri. "Fundamental movement skills and motor planning abilities among children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86759.
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Behaviours of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are developmental in nature, where movement skill differences can be accounted for in terms of either delays or deficits. This dissertation includes three manuscripts that collectively delineate differences in planning and execution of fundamental movement skills by children with ASD in terms of delays and deficits. The first manuscript compares performance of twenty-five children with ASD to three typically developing comparison groups individually-matched on chronological age (CA), movement skill (DEV), and mental age equivalence (MA) on the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2). Performance of children with ASD was poor compared to the CA group on locomotor and object control subtests of the TGMD-2, suggesting a delay in development. Children with ASD were strategically matched to the DEV group on raw score from the locomotor portion of the TGMD-2. This group was approximately half the age of the children with ASD, demonstrating the extent of this delay. Comparisons to the MA group showed that differences in movement skill cannot be accounted for entirely in terms of cognition as the children with ASD performed significantly worse on both subtests. The second manuscript describes the initial development and validation of an obstacle course to explore movement planning to better understand the differences in performance of fundamental movement skills found in the first study. The psychometric properties were sufficient to warrant further use. The third manuscript examined movement planning based on performance of children with ASD on the obstacle course compared to the same three groups of typically developing children. Motor planning was inferred from frequency of acts of hesitation and hesitation time during the obstacle course, while movement execution was inferred from execution time, movement pattern, and success. Despite demonstrating similar movement patterns as the younger DEV groLes comportements des enfants autistes sont de nature développementale; les différences des habiletés de mouvement peuvent être expliquées comme des différences de délais ou de déficits. Cette thèse est composée de trois articles scientifiques, qui collectivement expliquent les différences de la planification et de l'exécution des mouvements fondamentaux des enfants autistes, en ce qui a trait aux délais et déficits. Le premier article compare la performance de vingt-cinq enfants autistes à trois groupes d'enfants avec un développement typique. Les enfants étaient jumelés individuellement par l'âge chronologique (AC), l'habileté de mouvement (HM), et l'équivalence de l'âge mentale (AM) mesuré avec le « Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2). La performance des enfants autistes était faible en comparaison avec le groupe AC sur les sous-tests de control du mouvement et control des objets du TGMD-2, suggérant un délai de développement. Les enfants autistes étaient jumelés au groupe HM par leur résultat brut au sous test du control du mouvement du TGMD-2.Les enfants de ce groupe étaient deux fois plus jeune que les enfants autistes, ce qui démontre l'ampleur du délai. Des comparaisons au groupe HM, démontrent que les différences d'habiletés de mouvement ne peut être complètement expliqué par la cognition étant donné que les enfants autistes performaient moins bien aux deux sous-tests, et ce, de façon significative. Le deuxième article décrit le développement et la validation d'une course à obstacles pour' explorer la planification des mouvements afin de mieux comprendre les différences de l'exécution des mouvements fondamentaux trouvées lors de la première étude. Les propriétés psychométriques étaient suffisantes pour justifier l'usage davantage. Le troisième article examine la planification du mouvement basée sur la performance des enfants autistes à la course à 'obstacle. La performance des enfants autis
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Akillioglu, Hakan. "Demand Responsive Planning : A dynamic and responsive planning framework based on workload control theory for cyber-physical production systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Produktionssystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-172969.
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Recent developments in the area of Cyber-Physical Production Systems prove that high technology readiness level is already achieved and industrialization of such technologies is not far from today. Although these technologies seem to be convenient in providing solutions to environmental uncertainties, their application provides adaptability only at shop floor level. Needless to say, an enterprise cannot reach true adaptability without ensuring adaptation skills at every level in its hierarchy. Commonly used production planning and control approaches in industry today inherit from planning solutions which are developed in response to historical market characteristics. However, market tendency in recent years is towards making personalized products a norm. The emerging complexity out of this trend obliges planning systems to a transition from non-recurring, static planning into continuous re-planning and re-configuration of systems. Therefore, there is a need of responsive planning solutions which are integrated to highly adaptable production system characteristics. In this dissertation, Demand Responsive Planning, DRP, is presented which is a planning framework aiming to respond to planning needs of shifting trends in both production system technologies and market conditions. The DRP is based on three main constructs such as dynamicity, responsiveness and use of precise data. These features set up the foundation of accomplishing a high degree of adaptability in planning activities. By this means, problems from an extensive scope can be handled with a responsive behavior (i.e. frequent re-planning) by the use of precise data. The use of precise data implies to execute planning activities subject to actual demand information and real-time shop floor data. Within the context of the DRP, both a continuous workload control method and a dynamic capacity adjustment approach are developed. A test-bed is coded in order to simulate proposed method based on a system emulation reflecting the characteristics of cyber-physical production systems at shop floor level. Continuous Precise Workload Control, CPWLC, method is a novel approach aiming at precise control of workload levels with the use of direct load graphs. Supported by a multi-agent platform, it generates dynamic non-periodic release decisions exploiting real time shop floor information. As a result, improved shop floor performances are achieved through controlling workload levels precisely by the release of appropriate job types at the right time. Presented dynamic capacity adjustment approach utilizes rapid re-configuration capability of cyber-physical systems in achieving more frequent capacity adjustments. Its implementation architecture is integrated to the CPWLC structure. By this means, a holistic approach is realized whereby improved due date performance is accomplished with minimized shop floor congestion. Hence, sensitivity to changing demand patterns and urgent job completions is improved.QC 20150907
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Wal, Coen van der. "In praise of common sense : planning the ordinary, a physical planning history of the new towns in the IJsselmeerpolders /." Rotterdam : 010 publ, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37562694r.
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Wong, Kim-hong. "Planning for physical linkage and continuity between waterfront reclamation area and existing urban edge area /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23436037.
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Lord, William. "Open-ended Affordance Learning and Planning in a System with Active Vision." Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231926.
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Al-Kabab, Abdulaziz A. "Implementing physical plans in Yemen : a case study of Sana'a." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280335.
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Rickwood, Peter. "The impact of physical planning policy on household energy use and greenhouse emissions." Electronic version, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/1085.
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This thesis investigates the impact of physical planning policy on combined transport and dwelling-related energy use by households. Separate analyses and reviews are conducted into dwelling-related and transport-related energy use by households, before a model is developed to investigate the city-wide implications of different land-use scenarios in Sydney, Australia. The analysis of household energy use in Chapter 3 suggests that medium density housing (i.e. lose-rise apartments, townhouses, and terraces) is likely to result in the lowest per-capita energy use, while also allowing for sufficient densities to make frequent public transport service viable. The analysis of transport energy in Chapter 4 confirms that increasing urban density is associated with decreased car ownership and use, independent of other factors. However, land use changes alone are likely to result in modest changes to travel behaviour. The results of the scenario modelling in Chapters 7-9 support the view that changes to land use alone can reduce household energy consumption, but the changes, even over a long time period (25 years) are small (~0-10%) for all but the most extreme land-use policies. Instead, a coordinated (land-use/transport and other policy levers) approach is much more effective. The results confirm that it is transport energy that is most sensitive to planning policy, but that a combined consideration of dwelling-related and transport-related energy use is still useful. The micro-simulation model developed to assess the impact of different land-use planning scenarios allows the establishment of a lower-bound estimate of the effect that housing policy has on household energy use, assuming ‘business as usual’ transport policy, household behaviour, and technology.
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Vita, Sandro. "Planning for Physical Activity in Public Open Spaces - Insights from Malmö and Copenhagen." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-29372.
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The urban population of cities world-wide is steadily growing, causing pressure on land use for different purposes, such as residential, commercial, or recreational use. A growing urban population will also create new public health challenges, especially due to the epidemic increase of Non-Communicable Diseases. Creating opportunities for and increasing physical activity in public open spaces could represent a crucial resource to tackle health problems of urban residents. This multiple case study explores the strategies and approaches of two case cities (Malmö and Copenhagen) in connection to planning for physical activity in public open spaces and the collaborative efforts behind it. The empirical material for the study consists of 9 interviews with professionals connected to urban planning from the municipalities of Malmö and Copenhagen. The collaborations between urban planners and other actors were analysed using collaboration theory. Various barriers and facilitators of collaboration were identified, as well as findings which can suggest more fruitful collaboration.
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Politis, Daphne. "The unmeltables : the role of the physical environment in the immigrant experience." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76860.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture; and, (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 253-257.
by Daphne Zaphira Politis.
M.S.
M.C.P.
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Srinivasan, Sudharshana. "Spatial Scheduling Algorithms for Production Planning Problems." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3406.
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Spatial resource allocation is an important consideration in shipbuilding and large-scale manufacturing industries. Spatial scheduling problems (SSP) involve the non-overlapping arrangement of jobs within a limited physical workspace such that some scheduling objective is optimized. Since jobs are heavy and occupy large areas, they cannot be moved once set up, requiring that the same contiguous units of space be assigned throughout the duration of their processing time. This adds an additional level of complexity to the general scheduling problem, due to which solving large instances of the problem becomes computationally intractable. The aim of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between the spatial and temporal components of the problem. We exploit these acquired insights on problem characteristics to aid in devising solution procedures that perform well in practice. Much of the literature on SSP focuses on the objective of minimizing the makespan of the schedule. We concentrate our efforts towards the minimum sum of completion times objective and state several interesting results encountered in the pursuit of developing fast and reliable solution methods for this problem. Specifically, we develop mixed-integer programming models that identify groups of jobs (batches) that can be scheduled simultaneously. We identify scenarios where batching is useful and ones where batching jobs provides a solution with a worse objective function value. We present computational analysis on large instances and prove an approximation factor on the performance of this method, under certain conditions. We also provide greedy and list-scheduling heuristics for the problem and compare their objectives with the optimal solution. Based on the instances we tested for both batching and list-scheduling approaches, our assessment is that scheduling jobs similar in processing times within the same space yields good solutions. If processing times are sufficiently different, then grouping jobs together, although seemingly makes a more effective use of the space, does not necessarily result in a lower sum of completion times.
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Hur, Misun. "Neighborhood Satisfaction, Physical and Perceived Characteristics." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1227646622.
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Campos, Geraldine 1973. "Reinforcing social infrastructure : the role of physical interventions in revitalizing Hyde Square in Jamaica Plain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9324.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-121).
Hyde Square is an example of an inner city neighborhood turnaround that linked physical to social changes. In the past, planners, architects, and government have tried to transform distressed urban neighborhoods unsuccessfully through either social or physical agendas. Hyde Square is an important case study in that it shows a successful approach to linking physical to social changes to revitalize a distressed urban neighborhood. This thesis answers how physical interventions helped to build and reinforce the social fabric of Hyde Square. It concentrates on three physical interventions and two repercussions led by a local non-profit agency, the Neighborhood Development Corporation of Jamaica Plain beginning in the late 1980s. These include the Hyde Square Cooperative Housing, the Stop & Shop Supermarket, and Walden Garden, and two repercussions: the 1-4 Family Housing Program and the Hyde Square Main Street Program. These five interventions have stabilized the decline of the neighborhood, provided a physical manifestation of positive change, improved the image of the neighborhood, and spurred other development. They have reinforced and improved the physical and social fabric allowing for a sense of place, safety, and pride in the neighborhood. By paying special attention to elements of timing, design, and history, the physical interventions have reinforced the social-political work of neighborhood institutions and organizations. These physical interventions have stimulated and encouraged the revitalization momentum by producing physical, social, and economic benefits for the neighborhood. Each intervention's success created opportunities for other physical interventions to occur producing a cycle of events. Their collective results have revitalized the neighborhood. The analysis of the Hyde Square efforts shows that a conscious integrated revitalization effort that meshes government policies, good design, and a strong community organizational infrastructure is essential to successfully turning a neighborhood around. It is through the framework of collaborative efforts of residents, organizations, and institutions, in partnership with government and the private sector, that strategic physical interventions can be instrumental in revitalizing distressed urban neighborhoods.
by Geraldine Campos.
M.C.P.
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MacArthur, James David. "The Adams Lake physical development plan, a functional role for community in community planning." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0026/MQ48231.pdf.
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Kang, Sungik. "A Study of Jeju Naval Base Influence on Gangjeong Village with Physical Planning Recommendation." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406821281.
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Paek, Byungjoo. "Planning strategies taught by university professors and utilized by physical education teachers in Korea /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148784937729528.
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Anderson, David L. "Strategic development of transport systems: a study of the physical constraints on planning processes." Thesis, Aston University, 1987. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15182/.
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Investment in transport infrastructure can be highly sensitive to uncertainty. The scale and lead time of strategic transport programmes are such that they require continuing policy support and accurate forecasting. Delay, cost escalation and abandonment of projects often result if these conditions are not present. In Part One the physical characteristics of infrastructure are identified as a major constraint on planning processes. The extent to which strategies and techniques acknowledge these constraints is examined. A simple simulation model is developed to evaluate the effects on system development of variations in the scale and lead time of investments. In Part Two, two case studies of strategic infrastructure investment are analysed. The absence of a policy consensus for airport location was an important factor in the delayed resolution of the Third London Airport issue. In London itself, the traffic and environmental effects of major highway investment ultimately resulted in the abandonment of plans to construct urban motorways. In both cases, the infrastructure implications of alternative strategies are reviewed with reference to the problems of uncertainty. In conclusion, the scale of infrastructure investment is considered the most important of the constraints on the processes of transport planning. Adequate appraisal of such constraints may best be achieved by evaluation more closely aligned to policy objectives.
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Li, Chung. "The teachers' view on the planning and implementation of the physical education curriculum for the secondary schools in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38626299.
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Obata, Yasunori, and Hiroshi Oguchi. "Commissioning of modulator-based IMRT with XiO treatment planning system." AIP Publishing, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20613.
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Chan, Claire S. (Claire Sher-Lin) 1970. "Measuring physical density : implications on the use of different measures on land use policy in Singapore." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9449.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-140).
Land use planning policies in Singapore have been driven by the goal to optimize the use of the scarce land resource. Density measures how intensively land has been put to use and is thus a good indicator of how planning policies are performing in relation to this goal of land use optimization. This study looks at how physical density has been measured in Singapore and assesses the suitability of the methods of measurement. It also evaluates current planning practice to determine how successful they have been in achieving the goal to optimize land use. The Development Guide Plan for the Punggol Planning Area was used as the case study.
by Claire S. Chan.
M.C.P.
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Jonsson, Robert. "Planning Terrain Following Flight Paths : An Elastic Band Algorithm." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-55000.
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Planning algorithms have applications in many fields such as robotics, logistics, and more.Planning for terrain following flights can be to utilize features of the terrain to minimizethe risk of detection. The similar problem of terrain avoidance is applicable to planningthe movement for survey or search vehicles, where low and fixed altitude may be important.Common problems that arise when planning for terrain following flights is that the dynamics ofthe vehicle are difficult to model, the state space is only represented in an approximate mannerand detailed calculations of the subject are computationally expensive. This work presents aplanning algorithm for the vertical component of terrain following flight paths using methods ofenergy, where the path itself is modelled as an elastic band deformed by virtual forces to followthe terrain. Using linear internal equations of motion for the elastic band, the computationalcomplexity can be kept low. Similar ideas have been used for planning algorithms in otherworks, but novel to the method presented here is that complicated limitations to the dynamicsof the vehicle can be treated in an effective manner. This is achieved by an adaptive linearcombination of different models for the internal elastic forces.
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Goel, Megha. "A STUDY ON INVESTMENT STRATEGIES FOR RETIREMENT PLANNING." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/615.
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The aim of the thesis is to construct an effective realistic retirement income plan for an individual investor. We propose realistic frameworks with specific inputs given by investor such as number of investment instruments, income, and length of the time period before retirement using Modern Portfolio theory. The aim is to develop a retirement framework using fundamentals of Modern Portfolio Theory as per investor’s needs on asset allocation assuming investor’s risk appetite reduces as he ages in life and worries for real retirement income planning by comparing different statistical models scenarios. In each of the Scenarios we have 3 changing probability profile scenarios to allow for flexibility to the investor to withdraw from the portfolio for personal needs with increasing probability, decreasing probability and uniform probability of withdrawal throughout the portfolio investment time horizon. The results clearly reveal that there is no one best model for different investors as each investor is different with different objective functions. The results also show that, Traditional method and Bootstrapping scenario results are not always the same implying investor should not expect historical returns from the securities to reflect the future.
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Onal, Sebnem. "Functional and physical analysis of squares -public meeting places- in the Seljuk and Ottoman cities in Turkiye." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387197.
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Gardner, Joseph Kingsley. "Integration of VMC++ into a Commercial Treatment Planning System." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/990.
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Recently, there has been interest to integrate VMC++ into the commercial treatment planning system at VCU as another Monte Carlo code option, since it has been shown to increase efficiency dramatically without introducing a significant amount of systematic error. Also, independent validation of VMC++ for photon beams is of interest since this has not been performed previously in literature. This study included several tests required to integrate VMC++. Output factor normalization was performed and found to agree with experiment to within 1% for all field sizes except 1x1 cm2. Geometric validation was successful. Dosimetric validation was performed with respect to DOSXYZnrc on a water phantom, resulting in agreement within statistical uncertainty except for slight differences at the surface of the phantom. Dosimetric comparison was made for a head-and-neck patient case, showing that 5% of the voxels did not agree within 2.8% of maximum dose. The ability of VMC++ to compute dose-to-water was compared to an in-house algorithm and found to agree within statistical uncertainty.
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Chen, Xinlei. "Spatiotemporal Relationship Aided Field Estimation & Route Planning for Large Scale Mobile Cyber Physical Systems." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2018. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1159.
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A large scale mobile Cyber Physical System (CPS), which consists of a large number of mobile devices interacting with each other and the physical environment, is an integrated system of computation, networking and physical processes. In recent years, CPSs have gradually transformed how people interact with and control the physical world in many domains: agriculture, transportation, health-care, manufacturing, energy, defense, aerospace, buildings, etc. A large scale mobile CPS understands the physical world by sensing data to estimate the status of physical fields. This thesis focuses on two major tasks of large scale mobile CPSs: field estimation and route planning. The task of field estimation is to use sensing data of physical fields to estimate two statuses: 1) physical field: a physical quantity, represented by a number or tensor, that has a value for each point in space and time, such as air pollution, temperature, moisture, noise, traffic, etc; 2) system status: the conditions of the system’s mobile devices such as location, mobility, sensing accuracy, etc. The task of route planning is to design the routes for mobile devices in the system for data collection, which guarantees field estimation to achieve application specific accuracy. However, the real system faces two main challenges: lacking dense coverage and lacking even distribution of data collection. A dense coverage requires that the percentage of the overall space and time period being sensed by the mobile devices in the system should exceed a minimum number. An even distribution requires the information entropy of data distribution over space and time should exceed a minimum number. To improve the coverage and evenness of the data distribution, route planning designs routes for mobile devices to make sure that they sense data at designated locations and times. Since route planning relies on field estimation, especially system status estimation (e.g. locations of mobile devices), inaccuracy from field estimation deteriorates route planning performance. In addition, many real-world systems are semi-controllable. Only a fraction of total mobile devices follow the suggested routes from the system. This leads to two challenging problems: how to select mobile devices for route planning and how to design routes for the selected mobile devices. The thesis presents a spatiotemporal relationship aided framework for large scale mobile CPSs, which incorporates a new spatiotemporal relationship analysis layer to address the challenges of lacking dense coverage and lacking even distribution of data collection. By utilizing the spatiotemporal relationships of physical field and system status in the spatiotemporal relationship analysis layer , which are discussed in Section 2, models and algorithms are designed to improve the performance of major system tasks: field estimation (physical field and system status) and route planning. I deploy real testbed experiments and extensive simulations with real world collected data to validate the system design. As a part of the evaluation for uncontrolled to controlled motion aspects of our system, air pollution sensors are deployed on the taxi-based testbed to collect data in the city of Shenzhen for 2 years in collaboration with Tsinghua University. In addition, a swarm of 8 micro aerial vehicles are deployed in an indoor environment for autonomous navigation. The results show incorporating the spatiotemporal relationship analysis layer can achieve 2:1x and 6x error reduction on physical field and system status estimation and 3x improvement on route planning. This illustrates the potential of the spatiotemporal relationship analysis layer to improve the performance of field estimation and route planning in large scale mobile CPSs.
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Wong, Kim-hong, and 黃劍航. "Planning for physical linkage and continuity between waterfront reclamation area and existing urban edge area." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260640.
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Zhu, Tingjie. "The physical environment and revitualization of local commercial street urban design study in revitalizing Shuidong street in Huizhou, Guangdong, China /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41668947.
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Leung, Pak-wai Ashley. "Decision making of physical education teachers : a case study of a Hong Kong primary school /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25248947.
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Shah, Sagar M. "Physical Environment, Social Characteristics, and Health: Analyzing their Relationships in a Midwestern County." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1521192410862496.
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suh, yelin. "DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTIGATION OF INTENSITY-MODULATED RADIATION THERAPY TREATMENT PLANNING FOR FOUR-DIMENSIONAL ANATOMY." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1827.
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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment modalities of lung cancer. However, the achievable accuracy of radiotherapy treatment is limited for lung-based tumors due to respiratory motion. Four-dimensional radiotherapy explicitly accounts for anatomic motion by characterizing the motion, creating a treatment plan that accounts for this motion, and delivering this plan to the moving anatomy. This thesis focuses on the current problems and solutions throughout the course of four-dimensional radiotherapy. For characterization of respiratory-induced motion, patient tumor motion data were analyzed. It is shown that tumor motion can be significant during radiotherapy treatment, and its extent, direction, and linearity vary considerably between patients, between treatment fractions, and between respiratory cycles. After this, approaches to four-dimensional intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment planning were developed and investigated. Among the techniques to manage respiratory motion, tumor tracking using a dynamic multileaf collimator delivery technique was chosen as a promising method. A formalism to solve a general four-dimensional intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment-planning problem was developed. Specific solutions to this problem accounting for tumor motion initially in one dimension and extending this to three dimensions were developed and investigated using four-dimensional computed tomography planning scans of lung cancer patients. For four-dimensional radiotherapy treatment delivery, accuracy of two-dimensional projection imaging methods was investigated. Geometric uncertainty due to the limitation of two-dimensional imaging in monitoring three-dimensional tumor motion during treatment delivery was quantified. This geometric uncertainty can be used to estimate proper margins when a single two-dimensional projection imager is used for four-dimensional treatment delivery. Lastly, tumor-tracking delivery using a moving average algorithm was investigated as an alternative delivery technique that reduces mechanical motion constraints of a multileaf collimator. Moving average tracking provides an approximate solution that can be immediately implemented for delivery of four-dimensional intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment. The clinical implementation of four-dimensional guidance, intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment planning, and dynamic multileaf collimator tracking delivery may have a positive impact on the treatment of lung cancer.
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Petersen, Susan Christine. "A multi-case study of instructional sequencing in elementary school physical education /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1991. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10298678.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1991.Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: William G. Anderson. Dissertation Committee: Joseph R. Higgins. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 287-297).
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Jencks, James. "A case study of four North American casino communities : comparative physical land use impacts, based on regional monopoly status." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67438.
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Bian, Yuan. "Tactical production planning for physical and financial flows for supply chain in a multi-site context." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0064/document.
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En période de crise financière, les entreprises ont besoin de trésorerie pour réagir efficacement aux aléas et assurer leur solvabilité. Cette thèse se situe à l’interface entre l’opérationnel et la finance pour développer des modèles de planification tactique gérant simultanément les flux physiques et financiers dans la supply chain. Le coût de financement des opérations basé sur le besoin en fond de roulement (BFR) est intégré comme un nouvel aspect financier jamais considéré dans la littérature de lot-sizing. Nous débutons par une extension du modèle EOQ considérant les coûts de financement du BFR. L’objectif est la maximisation du profit. Une quantité de production optimale est obtenue analytiquement ainsi que l’analyse de la sensibilité du modèle. De plus, les comparaisons avec le modèle EOQ et un modèle qui considère le coût du capital sont étudiées. Ensuite, un modèle basé sur un lot-sizing dynamique est établi. La propriété ZIO est démontrée et permet l’utilisation d’un algorithme en temps polynomial. Enfin un scénario multi-niveau à capacité infini est étudié avec une approche séquentielle puis centralisée. La propriété ZIO est prouvée dans ces deux cas. Des algorithmes de programmation dynamique sont utilisés pour obtenir une solution optimale. Cette thèse peut être considérée comme un premier, mais significatif, travail combinant la planification de production et la gestion du besoin en fond de roulement dans des modèles de planification tactique. Nous montrons que les aspects financiers ont un impact significatif sur les plans de production. Les cas étudiés dans cette thèse peuvent être considérés comme des sous-problèmes dans l’étude de scénario plus réalistesIn financial crisis, companies always need free cash flow to efficiently react to any uncertainties to ensure solvency. Thus, this thesis serves as an interface between operations and finance to develop tactical production planning models for joint management of physical and financial flows in the supply chain. In these models, the financing cost of operation-based working capital requirement (WCR) is integrated as a new financial aspect never before considered in the lot-sizing literature. We first focus on extending the classic EOQ model by considering the financing cost of WCR with a profit maximization objective. The optimal analytic production quantity formula is derived as well as sensitivity analysis of this model. Moreover, a comparison with the EOQ model and with the formula which considers the cost of capital are discussed. Secondly, a dynamic lot-sizing-based, discounted cash flow model is established based on Uncapacitated lot-sizing model. The zero-inventory ordering property is proven valid for this case and a polynomial-time algorithm can thus be established. Thirdly, multi-level and infinite capacity scenario is investigated with both sequential and centralized approaches. The ZIO property is demonstrated valid in both cases. Dynamic-programming based algorithms are constructed in order to obtain an optimal solution. This thesis should be considered as a first, but significant setup of combining production planning and working capital management. It is shown the significant financial consequences of lot-sizing decision on production planning. The cases investigated in this thesis may be tackled as subproblems in the study of more realistic scenarios
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VIRGILLITO, EMANUELE. "Observing and Modeling the Physical Layer Phenomena in Open Optical Systems for Network planning and management." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2945179.
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Kallerman, Nils. "Detailed planning through the eyes of sustainability : Mobility, Green spaces and Safety." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-125124.
Full textAbstract:
This study is a thematic analysis of written plan-descriptions associated to valid detail-plans in the city of Umeå. These plan-descriptions are used as gateways to how planners and architects have reasoned when it comes to planning decisions. The thematic analysis is conducted on 24 selected detail-plans in the city of Umeå and has the starting point of the three themes of Mobility, Green space and Safety. The themes are identified as important to study in the light of the sustainable development concept where new modes of transportation, better knowledge about how nature affects us and a safe environment for everyone are propagated. By making better use of the fine source of information and insights that are the detail-plans students, researchers and practitioners can more effectively steer their efforts towards areas that really are in need of change. There is also something to be learned about the connection between process and outcome in physical planning. The results of this study show first of all that the scope and the thoroughness of detail-planning have changed over time. During the 1950’s, 60’s and 70’s the plans generally covered larger areas and the descriptions where short and concise. In present time the plans generally cover smaller areas but are very exhausting in their investigative preparing work and associated documents. Other findings are that the goal of a safe environment in the detail-plans mostly is connected to traffic-safety.