Dissertations / Theses: 'Physical Predictions'

1

Grindley, Emma J. "Predicting adherence in injury rehabilitation utility of a screening tool and physical therapists' predictions /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3931.

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Lai, Wang Chun. "Characterisations of different El Nino types, their physical causes and predictions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271824.

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El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most important interannual mode of climate variability in the tropical Pacific affecting the globe through teleconnections. The evolution of ENSO is studied with focus on individual El Nino (EN) events; factors and processes explaining the behaviours of different EN flavours are identified. The comparison to model simulations reveals a number of biases that explain differences in model behaviour. Based on reanalysis data, ENs are divided into Central Pacific (CPEN), Eastern Pacific (EPEN), and Hybrid (HBEN). ENs are found to form a continuous spectrum of events with CPEN and EPEN as its end members depending on: (1) the Western Pacific subsurface potential temperature anomaly (PTA) about 1 year before the EN peak, and (2) the Western to Central Pacific cumulative zonal wind anomaly (ZWA) between the onset and peak of the EN. Using these two parameters, about 70% of the total variance of the maximum EN SSTA can be explained up to 6 months in advance. ZWA describes the potential for triggering Kelvin waves for a given initial West Pacific recharge state as captured by PTA. A cross-validated statistical model is developed to hindcast the 1980-2016 Nov-Dec-Jan (NDJ) mean Niño3.4 SSTA based on the two parameters. The model is comparable to, or even outperforms, many NOAA Climate Prediction Centre's statistical models during the boreal spring predictability barrier. The explained variance between observed and predicted NDJ Niño3.4 SSTA at a lead-time of 8 months is 57% using five years for cross-validation. Predictive skills are lower after 2000 when the mean climate state is more La Niña-like due to stronger equatorial easterly ZWA caused by an intensification of both, Walker and Hadley cell. The ability of climate models to simulate and predict EN is assessed with data from the Climate Model Inter-comparison Project 5 (CMIP5). Most models are able to capture the main features of different EN types. But models struggle to reproduce large intensity ENs as found in observations. This issue can be traced back to a failure to realistically simulate the oceanic recharged state and the subsequent Kelvin waves for intense EN. Causes of EN involve Kelvin waves that are triggered by westerly wind bursts (WWB). From higher temporal resolution of reanalysis data, WWBs above a certain threshold are required to trigger a Kelvin wave. Kelvin waves are triggered in locations of positive Ocean Heat Content (OHC) anomalies. Intensity, longitudinal coverage and duration of a WWB, the strength of the OHC anomaly and gradient influence the amplitude of Kelvin waves as they propagate. Synoptic pattern analysis suggests that most WWBs are caused by cyclones with the combination of an active Madden-Julian Oscillation. The NorESM is able to reproduce many characteristics of observed WWBs, OHC anomalies and their relation to Kelvin waves. However, differences are noticeable for the distribution of synoptic patterns causing WWBs in the model. In future work, climate models can be used to disentangle causes and effects of EN for correlations identified here with the ultimate goal to advance our understanding of ENSO, its variability and future changes.

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Grönroos, Jesper, and Christoffer Beiming. "Exotic Hadrons : Classification of Mass Models and Predictions for Non-Strange Dibaryons." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297543.

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In this report we study theoretical models for calculating mass spectra of exotic hadrons and carry out numerical predictions for selected states. A brief introduction to the Standard Model and other key concepts are presented in order to contextualize and aid the reader. Four mass models are described and classified, applicable to different multiquark systems. Then, predictions for mass spectra of six non-strange dibaryon candidates are performed, using a simple mass formula with parameters fixed from experimentally determined baryon masses. Finally, results are discussed in relation to other existing work on the subject.

4

Gunnesby, Michael. "On Flow Predictions in Fuel Filler Pipe Design - Physical Testing vs Computational Fluid Dynamics." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanisk värmeteori och strömningslära, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-117534.

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The development of a fuel filler pipe is based solely on experience and physical experiment. The challenge lies in designing the pipe to fulfill the customer needs. In other words designing the pipe such as the fuel flow does not splash back on the fuel dispenser causing a premature shut off. To improve this “trial-and-error” based development a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the refueling process is investigated. In this thesis a CFD model has been developed that can predict the fuel flow in the filler pipe. Worst case scenario of the refueling process is during the first second when the tank is partially filled. The most critical fluid is diesel due to the commercially high volume flow of 55 l/min. Due to limitations of computational resources the simulations are focused on the first second of the refueling process. The challenge in this project is creating a CFD model that is time efficient, thus require the least amount of computational resources necessary to provide useful information. A multiphase model is required to simulate the refueling process. In this project the implicit volume of fluid (VOF) has been used which has previously proven to be a suitable choice for refueling simulations. The project is divided into two parts. Part one starts with experiments and simulations of a simplified fuel system with water as acting liquid with a Reynolds number of 90 000. A short comparison between three different turbulence models has been investigated (LES, DES and URANS) where the most promising turbulence model is URANS, specifically the SST k-ω model. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the chosen turbulence model. Between the chosen mesh and the densest mesh the difference of streamwise velocity in the boundary layer was 2.6 %. The chosen mesh with 1.9 M cells and a time step of 1e-4 s was found to be the best correlating model with respect to the experiments. In part two a real fuel filling system was investigated both with experiments and simulations with the same computational model as the chosen one from part one. The change of fluid and geometry resulted in a lower Reynolds number of 12 000. Two different versions of the fuel system was investigated; with a bypass pipe and without a bypass pipe. Because of a larger volumetric region the resulting mesh had 3.7 M cells. The finished model takes about 230 h on a local workstation with 11 cores. On a cluster with 200 cores the same simulation takes 30 h. The resulting model suffered from interpolation errors at the inlet which resulted in a volume flow of 50 l/min as opposed to 55 l/min in the experiments. Despite the difference the model could capture the key flow characteristics. With the developed model a new filler pipe can be easily implemented and provide results in shorter time than a prototype filler pipe can be ordered. This will increase the chances of ordering one single prototype that fulfills all requirements. While the simulation model cannot completely replace verification by experiments it provides information that transforms the development of the filler pipe to knowledge based development.

5

Erunal, Ebru. "Sturcuture And Activity Predictions On Mono- And Bi-metallic Catalysts." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607178/index.pdf.

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The purpose of this study is to simulate Pt&ndash
IB (IB=Ag, Au, Cu) and PtPd bimetallic catalysts with Monte Carlo method for 201, 586, 1289, and 2406 atom containing clusters in the temperature range between 298&ndash
1000K. The simulations were based on a coordination-dependent potential model in which binary interaction parameters were used. The binary interaction parameters were determined from the available thermodynamic data and classical thermodynamics mixing rules. The equilibrium structure of the clusters was dictated as a perfect cubo-octohedral shape. In the first part of this study, Pt&ndash
Ib bimetallics were modelled in order to test the Monte Carlo program against the previously published work. In the second part of the study, the surface composition of PtPd bimetallic catalysts as a function of temperature and cluster size were estimated in order to offer further insight to the catalytic activity for CO oxidation reaction. It was found that at low temperatures Pd segregation took place on the catalyst. The Monte Carlo predictions were in good agreement with the published experimental data on the surface compositions.

6

Chu, Yi-Fei. "The incorporation of hourly goes data in a surface heat flux model and its impacts on operational temperature predictions in bodies of water /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu14879491500689.

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7

Åkesson, Anna. "Peakflow response of stream networks : implications of physical descriptions of streams and temporal change." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Vattendragsteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-172939.

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Through distributed stream network routing, it has quantitatively been shown that the relationship between flow travel time and discharge varies strongly nonlinearly with stream stage and with catchment-specific properties. Physically derived distributions of water travel times through a stream network were successfully used to parameterise the streamflow response function of a compartmental hydrological model. Predictions were found to improve compared to conventional statistically based parameterisation schemes, for most of the modelled scenarios, particularly for peakflow conditions. A Fourier spectral analysis of 55-110 years of daily discharge time series from 79 unregulated catchments in Sweden revealed that the discharge power spectral slope has gradually increased over time, with significant increases for 58 catchments. The results indicated that the catchment scaling function power spectrum had steepened in most of the catchments for which historical precipitation series were available. These results suggest that (local) land-use changes within the catchments may affect the discharge power spectra more significantly than changes in precipitation (climate change). A case study from an agriculturally intense catchment using historical (from the 1880s) and modern stream network maps revealed that the average stream network flow distance as well as average water levels were substantially diminished over the past century, while average bottom slopes increased. The study verifies the hypothesis that anthropogenic changes (determined through scenario modelling using a 1D distributed routing model) of stream network properties can have a substantial influence on the travel times through the stream networks and thus on the discharge hydrographs. The findings stress the need for a more hydrodynamically based approach to adequately describe the variation of streamflow response, especially for predictions of higher discharges. An increased physical basis of response functions can be beneficial in improving discharge predictions during conditions in which conventional parameterisation based on historical flow patterns may not be possible - for example, for extreme peak flows and during periods of nonstationary conditions, such as during periods of climate and/or land use change.

QC 20150903

8

Juri, Juan Ernesto. "Prediction of petro-physical properties for carbonates." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3120.

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This thesis is concerned with the inversion of lattice pore-network model parameters of carbonate rocks using only the capillary pressure, and then the use of the inverted parameters to predict the water-flooding relative permeabilities of the carbonate rocks. Background: There has been a tendency to claim that pore-network modelling using three-dimensional micro-computed tomography or 3D mathematically created images can predict imbibition relative permeabilities for wettabilities other than strongly water/oil-wetting. This is based on the flexibility for matching data, which is a weakness of pore-network modelling. The method proposed in this thesis is important because a large percentage of the porosity in carbonates is microporosity. Conclusions: We applied stochastic inversion of lattice pore-network model parameters using Hamiltonian Dynamics (Hamiltonian Monte Carlo) to three carbonate rock samples and we predicted water-flooding relative permeabilities with good accuracy by using as constraint only routinely obtained data, such as mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP) and oil/water capillary pressure. We found that there is a strong correlation between the amount of microporosity and the volume exponent parameter. This suggests that when microporosity is ignored, the volume exponent will tend to be systematically strongly underestimated. HMC found large variability in wettability that causes mid-sized pores to be invaded at the same level of pressure as larger pores. The coexistence of these events reduces the tendency for preferential flow through large pores, resulting in more uniform flow at the pore scale compared with the case in which flow is restricted only to large pores. Mid-sized pores have an important effect on the connectivity because they could have higher contact angles than larger pores. Therefore, they do not spontaneously imbibe and shield larger pores, improving water-flooding displacement. The wettability of micropores could better explain the gentle curvature of the imbibition water relative permeability compared with the generally assumed mixed-wet large wettability model. The importance of the maximum and minimum observed capillary pressure is directly connected to accounting for the full pore-size distribution. Thus, the common assumption that microporosity can be ignored is unsatisfactory. The ranges of advancing contact angles obtained from the HMC inversion were wider than the ranges of apparent advancing contact angles obtained with analytical determinations in previous studies, and in one case our results were contradictory to the analytical determination. It follows that variability in advancing and receding contact angles is not reflected in the apparent contact angle data outside porous media. Apparent contact angle data outside porous media cannot completely characterise the wettability in porenetwork models because the data does not capture the contact angle variability in porous media. The existence of wetting films depends on the maximum capillary pressure during drainage, and thus wettability alteration during ageing. Our results suggest that matching both connate water at the maximum drainage capillary pressure before ageing and matching residual oil at the minimum imbibition capillary pressure leads to better estimation of the advancing and receding variability in the contact angles.

9

Wannasuntad, Supaporn. "Factors predicting Thai children's physical activity." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3261262.

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Roberts, Amy B. "Physical activity prediction using transtheoretical model and personality /." Available to subscribers only, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1095437441&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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11

Sepp, Löfgren Nicholas. "Accelerating bulk material property prediction using machine learning potentials for molecular dynamics : predicting physical properties of bulk Aluminium and Silicon." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teoretisk Fysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-179894.

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In this project machine learning (ML) interatomic potentials are trained and used in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to predict the physical properties of total energy, mean squared displacement (MSD) and specific heat capacity for systems of bulk Aluminium and Silicon. The interatomic potentials investigated are potentials trained using the ML models kernel ridge regression (KRR) and moment tensor potentials (MTPs). The simulations using these ML potentials are then compared with results obtained from ab-initio simulations using the gold standard method of density functional theory (DFT), as implemented in the Vienna ab-intio simulation package (VASP). The results show that the MTP simulations reach comparable accuracy compared to the DFT simulations for the properties total energy and MSD for Aluminium, with errors in the orders of magnitudes of meV and 10-5 Å2. Specific heat capacity is not reasonably replicated for Aluminium. The MTP simulations do not reasonably replicate the studied properties for the system of Silicon. The KRR models are implemented in the most direct way, and do not yield reasonably low errors even when trained on all available 10000 time steps of DFT training data. On the other hand, the MTPs require only to be trained on approximately 100 time steps to replicate the physical properties of Aluminium with accuracy comparable to DFT. After being trained on 100 time steps, the trained MTPs achieve mean absolute errors in the orders of magnitudes for the energy per atom and force magnitude predictions of 10-3 and 10-1 respectively for Aluminium, and 10-3 and 10-2 respectively for Silicon. At the same time, the MTP simulations require less core hours to simulate the same amount of time steps as the DFT simulations. In conclusion, MTPs could very likely play a role in accelerating both materials simulations themselves and subsequently the emergence of the data-driven materials design and informatics paradigm.

12

Dietrich, Daniel S. Robertson R. Clark. "Predicting radiation characteristics from antenna physical dimensions." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School; Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA262462.

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13

Lundholm, Steven E. "Predicting antenna parameters from antenna physical dimensions." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA276442.

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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1993.
Thesis advisor(s): Robertson, R. Clark. "December 1993." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

14

Dietrich, Daniel S. "Predicting radiation characteristics from antenna physical dimensions." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23750.

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This report explains the fundamental theory and equations used in writing a set of software applications which predict antenna radiation parameters. Each application predicts the radiation characteristics of a particular type of antenna over a planar surface which serves as a model of either earth or seawater. The radiation parameter predictions are based solely on an antenna's physical dimensions, the properties of the underlying surface, and electromagnetic theory. Existing electric field equations provide the basis for radiation parameter predictions, and the accuracy of the predicted radiation parameters is totally dependent upon the extent to which the electric field equations used realistically model the actual radiated electromagnetic fields of the antennas. In addition to a review of applicable electromagnetic field theory, this report is also intended to be a user's guide for the corresponding computer applications. The appendices contain computer hardcopies of sample calculations for several antenna types and remarks regarding the conformity of predicted radiation parameters to expectations. Radiation parameters computed thus far are consistent with expectations based on other computational programs and empirical measurements

15

Garnham-Lee, Katy P. "Predicting physical activity behaviour across early adolescence." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35275.

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Physical activity (PA) has been labelled the miracle drug (Pimlott, 2010) and participating in regular PA has ample physical and mental wellbeing benefits. However, physical inactivity remains a critical public health concern, particularly across adolescence. In England the proportion of adolescents aged 13-15 years meeting the recommended guidelines for PA decreased significantly from those at a younger age (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2009; 2012; 2015). The adolescent years (13 18 years) have been identified as the age of greatest decline in PA, although it is possible that large declines can also be seen at younger ages (Sallis, 2000). Among girls the decline in PA is greater at younger ages (9 12 years old) and among boys it is greater at older ages (13 16 years old) (Dumith, Gigante, Domingues, & Kohl, 2011). Thus, examining behaviour of early adolescents (aged 11-13 years) is a primary focus of this thesis. Researchers have called for a more comprehensive grasp of PA correlates and determinants and their impact on behaviour (Biddle & Mutrie, 2001, 2008). This broader picture needs to incorporate longitudinal study designs to accurately portray developmental changes (Evenson & Mota, 2011). This thesis aims to work towards a better understanding of associations among variables across aspects of the ecological model in relation to PA behaviour during early adolescence. Early adolescents within their first year of secondary school (year 7, aged 11 12 years) were recruited through schools across the East Midlands, United Kingdom (UK). These participants completed various measures across an 18 month period to compile all data required for the thesis. The thesis begins with a focus on active transport as a means of commuting to school which can significantly contribute to overall PA levels (Aibar, Bois, Generelo, Bengoechea, & Paillard, 2015; Slingerland, Borghouts, & Hesselink, 2012). The distance from home to school is an important influence on the decision to use active transport; however, ecological perspectives would suggest this variable may interact with individual, interpersonal and environmental factors. Therefore, the first study of this thesis investigates whether the relationship between distance to school and active transport is moderated by (i) gender, (ii) biological maturation, (iii) perceived family support for PA and (iv) multiple deprivation. Cross-sectional results from the baseline data collected demonstrated that the relationship between distance to school and the likelihood to actively travel to school is moderated by biological maturation, multiple deprivation and family support of PA in adolescents. Further analysis revealed that late-maturing children, those from less socio-economically deprived backgrounds and children with low family support of PA are less likely to actively commute to school as distance to school increases. Due to the interaction between these variables described above, the second study focused on the variables collectively using a person-oriented approach, which aimed to classify distinct profiles of early adolescents based on correlates of PA. The outcome variables were also broadened to include active transport and overall PA across two time points. Findings from this second study illustrate that the highly supported, shortest commuters produced the highest levels of self-reported PA and that affluent, short commuters were the most likely to use active transport to travel to school. The affluent, short commuters lived a relatively short distance to school in areas of the lowest deprivation and had relative moderate family support of PA. The highly supported, shortest commuters were characterised by the highest family support of PA and lived the shortest distance to school in areas of low deprivation. Study 1 evidenced an association between biological maturation and PA behaviour; however, study 2 displayed that biological maturation did not meaningfully contribute to the class characteristics, and were not a predictor of PA. Previous evidence as to whether early, average or late maturing adolescents are more likely to disengage from PA is mixed and tends to focus on one gender only (Sherar, Cumming, Eisenmann, Baxter-Jones, & Malina 2010; Bacil, Mazzardo, Rech, Legnani, & Campos, 2015). Thus for the third study a more focused inspection of biological maturity was undertaken. Biological maturity status was investigated as a predictor of PA behaviour at two subsequent time points (6 9 months after baseline and 12 18 months after baseline) and whether there was variation across genders. Findings displayed that biological maturity status does not predict subsequent PA, with no distinction across genders. To conclude, the final study examined additional forms of PA behaviour. For children to develop and maintain healthy PA behaviours, their PA during the school day, particularly during physical education (P.E) classes is important (Owen, Smith, Lubans, Ng, & Lonsdale, 2014). Self-reported PA was divided into school-time PA (during P.E. lessons, break and lunchtimes) and leisure-time PA (after school, during evenings and weekends). The final study fully utilised the longitudinal data collected and utilised longitudinal growth modelling to describe the changes in PA behaviour across 12-18 months during early adolescence. Results displayed that school-time PA and leisure-time PA are distinct. Males; those from less deprived backgrounds and individuals with higher family support of PA all separately reported more school-time PA than their counterparts (females, those from higher deprived backgrounds and individuals with lower family support of PA) at baseline. Males and those with higher family support of PA also reported more leisure-time PA than their respective counterparts at baseline. On average, both genders decreased in school-time PA across 18 months yet for leisure-time PA, on average, there was no change over time and no significant difference in the rate of change between genders. There were no observed significant differences in the rate of change between multiple deprivation status and biological maturation across the 18 months for both behaviours. For family support, on average school-time PA decreased over time and results showed significant difference in the rate of change between individuals with lower or higher levels of family support of PA across the 18 months. On average, there was no change over time for leisure-time PA yet there was a significant difference in the rate of change between individuals and their family support of PA across 18 months. Further analysis demonstrated if an individual s family support increases, so does their leisure-time PA and vice versa. These overall key findings demonstrate the complexity of PA behaviour throughout early adolescence. This thesis works towards predicting individuals, correlates and determinants that may be susceptible to physical inactivity and/or a decrease in activity over time. Results can be used to target and direct PA intervention work.

16

Gonzalez, Aliza. "Factors Predicting Physical Activity Among Minority Mothers." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10261831.

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The purpose of this experimental design was to analyze environmental factors influencing physical activity among low-income, minority mothers of young children participating in an intervention to increase physical activity. The women (n = 30) were randomized into experimental and control groups and were assessed at baseline and 3 months later. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and self-report measures.

Independent samples t-tests were conducted to examine the effects of dichotomous demographic variables and group status on physical activity levels. Correlations were used to assess the effects of Daily Hassles, Self-Efficacy: Barriers, and Social Support for Exercise (both friend and family). The results did not yield any significant differences or correlations.

Further research is needed with a larger sample. This line of research is important to social work as it reflects the person-in-environment theory, which can assist in the development of exercise enhancement interventions aimed at underrepresented populations.

17

Lanka, Venkata Raghava Ravi Teja Lanka. "VEHICLE RESPONSE PREDICTION USING PHYSICAL AND MACHINE LEARNING MODELS." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1511891682062084.

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18

Bergström, Johannes. "Predictions of Effective Models in Neutrino Physics." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Teoretisk partikelfysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-35267.

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Experiments on neutrino oscillations have confirmed that neutrinos have small, but non-zero masses, and that the interacting neutrino states do not have definite masses, but are mixtures of such states.The seesaw models make up a group of popular models describing the small neutrino masses and the corresponding mixing.In these models, new, heavy fields are introduced and the neutrino masses are suppressed by the ratio between the electroweak scale and the large masses of the new fields. Usually, the new fields introduced have masses far above the electroweak scale, outside the reach of any foreseeable experiments, making these versions of seesaw models essentially untestable. However, there are also so-called low-scale seesaw models, where the new particles have masses above the electroweak scale, but within the reach of future experiments, such as the LHC.In quantum field theories, quantum corrections generally introduce an energy-scale dependence on all their parameters, described by the renormalization group equations. In this thesis, the energy-scale dependence of the neutrino parameters in two low-scale seesaw models, the low-scale type I and inverse seesaw models, are considered. Also, the question of whether the neutrinos are Majorana particles, \ie , their own antiparticles, has not been decided experimentally. Future experiments on neutrinoless double beta decay could confirm the Majorana nature of neutrinos. However, there could also be additional contributions to the decay, which are not directly related to neutrino masses. We have investigated the possible future bounds on the strength of such additional contributions to neutrinoless double beta decay, depending on the outcome of ongoing and planned experiments related to neutrino masses.
QC 20110812

19

Williams, Colin Paul. "Predicting the approximate functional behaviour of physical systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27053.

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Zheng, David Y. M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Unsupervised learning of latent physical properties using perception-prediction networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119693.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 22-24).
We propose a framework for the completely unsupervised learning of latent object properties from their interactions: the perception-prediction network (PPN). Consisting of a perception module that extracts representations of latent object properties and a prediction module that uses those extracted properties to simulate system dynamics, the PPN can be trained in an end-to-end fashion purely from samples of object dynamics. We find that the representations of latent object properties learned by PPNs not only are sufficient to accurately simulate the dynamics of systems comprised of previously unseen objects, but also can be translated directly into human-interpretable properties (e.g. mass, coefficient of restitution) in an entirely unsupervised manner. Crucially, PPNs also generalize to novel scenarios: their gradient-based training can be applied to many dynamical systems and their graph-based structure functions over systems comprised of different numbers of objects. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of graph-based neural architectures in object-centric inference and prediction tasks, and our model has the potential to discover relevant object properties in systems that are not yet well understood.
by David Y. Zheng.
M. Eng.

21

Hamad, Mustafa. "In-Silico Prediction of the Physical Performance of Pharmaceutical Crystals." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/86652.

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Knowledge of the hardness of pharmaceutical crystals expedites the large-scale manufacturing of drug tablets. This research involved the development and testing of computational methods to simulate the various deformations of crystals that lead to the calculation of hardness. Both methods were applied to a range of materials and provided a consistent ranking of the slip systems with experiment, a detailed atomistic description of the deformation mechanisms, and the calculation of ideal shear strength.

22

Lian, Bo. "Unified Physical Property Estimation Relationships, UPPER." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311104.

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The knowledge of physicochemical properties of organic compounds becomes increasingly important. In this study, we developed UPPER (Unified Physical Property Estimation Relationships), a comprehensive model for the estimation of 20 physicochemical properties of organic compounds. UPPER is a system of thermodynamically sound relationships that relate the various phase-transition properties to one another, which includes transition heats, transition entropies, transition temperatures, molar volume, vapor pressure, solubilities and partition coefficients in different solvents and etc. UPPER integrates group contributions with the molecular geometric factors that affect transition entropies. All of the predictions are directly based on molecular structure. As a result, the proposed model provides a simple and accurate prediction of the properties studied. UPPER is designed to predict industrially, environmentally and pharmaceutically relevant physicochemical properties of organic compounds. It also can be an aid for the efficient design and synthesis of compounds with optimal physicochemical properties.

23

Groves, Joseph D. "Predicting physical properties of tomatoes with impact force analysis." Connect to resource, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1195579983.

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24

Schengel, Jonna K. "Predicting performance on the Physical Therapist Assistant licensure examination." Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/69.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if there was any relationship between student success as defined by grades in earned in basic sciences of anatomy and physiology as well as overall college grade point average with the score on the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) for Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA) students. This pilot study examined the first two cohorts of PTA students at the College of the Sequoias from 2012 and 2013. Correlations and multiples regressions were the primary quantitative methods used to determine which prerequisites were most likely to predict passing the NPTE. Demographic information of ethnicity and age, did not show any significant correlation with score on the NPTE-PTA. Further analysis determined that both anatomy and overall grade point average had statistical correlations. However, overall college grade point average was the only variable that contributed significantly to the NPTE score. Therefore, overall grade point average was used to develop a predictive admission formula that can be used for further research and analysis. The procedures for this pilot study can be used to duplicate the study on a larger scale and continue to build a predictive admission formula that has the potential for establishing a consistent admission criterion for PTA programs. The long range goal of this study has been to help identify students who have the greatest potential to pass the NPTE and become employed as a PTA.

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Dernie, Kirsty Miranda. "Predicting recovery of soft sediment communities following physical disturbance." Thesis, Bangor University, 2003. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/predicting-recovery-of-soft-sediment-communities-following-physical-disturbance(bdcc6c53-fe00-4771-aff1-73bdb95edf96).html.

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This study investigated the effects of physical disturbance on intertidal benthic habitats and communities. The aim of the work was to examine the use of physical habitat characteristics as a surrogate for biological recovery as an aid to the management of shallow water marine habitats. The first field experiment investigated the effects of two intensities of a disturbance treatment on a sandflat habitat and community. Community recovery from the lower intensity treatment was complete after 63 days whereas recovery following from the higher intensity disturbance took at least twice as long. There were no effects of the disturbance detected for any of the measured sediment parameters. Depth of disturbed pits gradually decreased over time and was correlated to benthic community structure. A comparison of macrofaunal and meiofaunal recovery as part of the same experiment revealed that significant differences existed in disturbed meiofaunal communities 32 days following the disturbance event. A second field experiment investigated the recovery rates of benthic communities from a range of soft sediment habitats following the application of a uniform disturbance treatment. Communities from clean sand sediments were less negatively impacted and recovered more rapidly following disturbance than muddy sediment communities. No effects of the disturbance treatment were detected for any of the measured sediment parameters. However, the rate of infilling of the disturbed plots could be used to predict the recovery rate of the associated community. An in situ device for the measurement of sediment properties used in this study is described and it's potential for use in ecological studies is discussed. Measuring the rate of habitat restoration could be an rapid and amenable method for predicting the recovery of intertidal benthic communities from a range of anthropogenic activities that impact upon intertidal areas.

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Lee, Seung Oh. "Physical modeling of local scour around complex bridge piers." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29398.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Committe Chair: Terry W. Sturm; Committe Members: Dr. Fotis Sotiropoulos; Committee Members: Dr. Philip J. Roberts; Committee Members: Dr. Donald R. Webster; Committee Members: Dr. Anthony Hayter. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Gerard, Luc. "Physical parameterisations for a high resolution operational numerical weather prediction model." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211550.

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Les modèles de prévision opérationnelle du temps résolvent numériquement les équations de la mécanique des fluides en calculant l'évolution de champs (pression, température, humidité, vitesses) définis comme moyennes horizontales à l'échelle des mailles d'une grille (et à différents niveaux verticaux).

Les processus d'échelle inférieure à la maille jouent néanmoins un rôle essentiel dans les transferts et les bilans de chaleur, humidité et quantité de mouvement. Les paramétrisations physiques visent à évaluer les termes de source correspondant à ces phénomènes, et apparaissant dans les équations des champs moyens aux points de grille.

Lorsque l'on diminue la taille des mailles afin de représenter plus finement l'évolution des phénomènes atmosphériques, certaines hypothèses utilisées dans ces paramétrisations perdent leur validité. Le problème se pose surtout quand la taille des mailles passe en dessous d'une dizaine de kilomètres, se rapprochant de la taille des grands systèmes de nuages convectifs (systèmes orageux, lignes de grain).

Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre des développements du modèle à mailles fines ARPÈGE ALADIN, utilisé par une douzaine de pays pour l'élaboration de prévisions à courte échéance (jusque 48 heures).

Nous décrivons d'abord l'ensemble des paramétrisations physiques du modèle.

Suit une analyse détaillée de la paramétrisation actuelle de la convection profonde. Nous présentons également notre contribution personnelle à celle ci, concernant l'entraînement de la quantité de mouvement horizontale dans le nuage convectif.

Nous faisons ressortir les principaux points faibles ou hypothèses nécessitant des mailles de grandes dimensions, et dégageons les voies pour de nouveaux développements.

Nous approfondissons ensuite deux des aspects sortis de cette discussion: l'usage de variables pronostiques de l'activité convective, et la prise en compte de différences entre l'environnement immédiat du nuage et les valeurs des champs à grande échelle. Ceci nous conduit à la réalisation et la mise en œuvre d'un schéma pronostique de la convection profonde.

A ce schéma devraient encore s'ajouter une paramétrisation pronostique des phases condensées suspendues (actuellement en cours de développement par d'autres personnes) et quelques autres améliorations que nous proposons.

Des tests de validation et de comportement du schéma pronostique ont été effectués en modèle à aire limitée à différentes résolutions et en modèle global. Dans ce dernier cas l'effet du nouveau schéma sur les bilans globaux est également examiné.

Ces expériences apportent un éclairage supplémentaire sur le comportement du schéma convectif et les problèmes de partage entre la schéma de convection profonde et le schéma de précipitation de grande échelle.

La présente étude fait donc le point sur le statut actuel des différentes paramétrisations du modèle, et propose des solutions pratiques pour améliorer la qualité de la représentation des phénomènes convectifs.

L'utilisation de mailles plus petites que 5 km nécessite enfin de lever l'hypothèse hydrostatique dans les équations de grande échelle, et nous esquissons les raffinements supplémentaires de la paramétrisation possibles dans ce cas.

Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Buttz, Catalina M. (Catalina Marie). "Cosmic microwave background predictions of supernatural inflation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32722.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, June 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-49).
This thesis makes predictions for the temperature anisotropy spectrum of the CMB under the supernatural inflation model class [17] and compares these predictions against the Boomerang 98 data [5], using the Lange et. al [11] cosmological parameter estimations for an [Omega]tot = 1 universe. This was implemented by creating a modified version of CMBFAST [19] which could accommodate a two-field inflation model. A series of codes were compiled, both with and without modifications, to determine the effect of the supernatural primordial spectrum spike on CMB simulations at the Planck, GUT and Intermediate energy scales, where the inflaton field has renormalizable couplings to other fields. While the spike's effects at lMpc were found to be negligible, the detailed calculations of the scalar spectral index, ns, demonstrate that the energy scale most favored by Randall et. al on particle physics grounds, is actually the one most tightly constrained by observation.
by Catalina M. Buttz.
S.B.

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Slaven, Emily Joan. "Prediction of functional outcome six months following total hip arthroplasty." Diss., NSUWorks, 2010. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_pt_stuetd/36.

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Koch, Rolf. "Methods for physics based facial surgery prediction /." Zürich, 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13912.

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Elliston, Joseph. "Observable predictions of generalised inflationary scenarios." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8457.

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Inflation is an early period of accelerated cosmic expansion, thought to be sourced by high energy physics. A key task today is to use the influx of increasingly precise observational data to constrain the plethora of inflationary models suggested by fundamental theories of interactions. This requires a robust theoretical framework for quantifying the predictions of such models; helping to develop such a framework is the aim of this thesis. We begin by providing the first complete quantization of subhorizon perturbations for the well-motivated class of multi-field inflationary models that possess a non-trivial field metric. In particular, the implications for the bispectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background (cmb) are potentially very exciting. The subsequent evolution of perturbations in the superhorizon epoch is then considered, via a covariant extension of the transport formalism. We demonstrate appropriate matching between the subhorizon and superhorizon calculations. With the aim of developing intuition about the relation between inflationary dynamics and the evolution of cosmic observables, we investigate analytic approximations of superhorizon perturbation evolution. The validity of these analytic results is contingent on reaching a state of adiabaticity which we discuss and illustrate in depth. We then apply our analytic methods to elucidate the types of inflationary dynamics that lead to an enhanced cmb non-Gaussianity, both in its bispectrum and trispectrum. In addition to deriving a number of new simple relations between the non-Gaussianity parameters, we explain dynamically how and why different shapes of inflationary potential lead to particular observational signals. In addition to multiple scalar fields, candidate theories of high energy physics include many possible modifications to the Einstein{Hilbert action. We consider the observational viability of single field chaotic inflation with additional corrections as motivated by low energy effective string theory. These new ingredients allow for consistency of chaotic inflationary models that are otherwise in tension with observational data.

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Berkman, Anton, and Gustav Andersson. "Predicting the impact of prior physical activity on shooting performance." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Datateknik och informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-46851.

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The objectives of this thesis were to develop a machine learning tool-chain and to investigate the relationship between heart rate and trigger squeeze and shooting accuracy when ﬁring a handgun in a simulated environment. There are several aspects that affects the accuracy of a shooter. To accelerate the learning process and to complement the instructors, different sensors can be used by the shooter. By extracting sensor data and presenting this to the shooter in real-time the rate of improvement can potentially be accelerated. An experiment which replicated precision shooting was conducted at SAAB AB using their GC-IDT simulator. 14 participants with experience ranging from zero to over 30 years participated. The participants were randomly divided into two groups where one group started the experiment with a heart rate of at least 150 beats per minute. The iTouchGlove2.3 was used to measure trigger squeeze and Polar H10 heart rate belt was used to measure heart rate. Random forest regression was then used to predict accuracy on the data collected from the experiment. A machine learning tool-chain was successfully developed to process raw sensor data which was then used by a random forest regression algorithm to form a prediction. This thesis provides insights and guidance for further experimental explorations of handgun exercises and shooting performance.

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Lemieux, François 1979. "Are inflationary predictions sensitive to very high energy physics?" Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80316.

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It was recently proposed that modifications to physics at trans-Planckian energies could lead to a non-adiabatic evolution of the scalar fluctuations responsible for the temperature anisotropy of the cosmological microwave background. If such a possibility was to be confirmed, it would provide us the first possibility to ever get experimental measurements of the physics near the Planck scale. This work investigates the physicality of such non-adiabatic evolutions, by avoiding the introduction of any exotic physics, by working well below the Planck scale. Simple 'hybrid-like' models of inflation composed of an inflaton field coupled to another heavy scalar will be used. It will be shown that small oscillations in the heavy scalar field can generate a non-adiabatic evolution of the inflationary vacuum leading to new features in the power spectrum that could eventually be observed. The naturalness of this non-adiabaticity is also studied, leading to a constraint about the maximum duration of inflation if these effects are to be big enough to ever be detectable.

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Garrido, Elmo E. "Graphical user interface for a physical optics radar cross section prediction code." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA383252.

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Lim, K. S. "The prediction of physical properties of pure components using group contribution methods." Thesis, University of Bath, 1985. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332119.

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The implementation of a physical property prediction procedure in a microcomputer for use in computer-assisted education has been investigated. A literature survey of existing group contribution methods for the prediction of a few selected properties has been performed resulting in the selection of an appropriate model for the prediction of each of the discussed properties. This selection is based both on the accuracy of prediction of the methods and the extent of commonality of the fragments used by them. Improvement in the accuracy of prediction for the heat capacities of ideal gases using Doraisamy's model has been achieved. The extent of commonality among the accepted models is also discussed. A compilation and statistical analysis of the pure component vapour pressure data has been undertaken in order to relate the basic parameters in the AMP kinetic model of the liquid state to molecular structures. Attempts to develop a general model fail to predict the vapour pressures of the compounds to the desired accuracy and as such, models are based on individual homologous series. The general model is accurate to a factor of 2 which is of the same order of accuracy as Edward's. A general model based on the Antoine equation has been derived but this would require the user to input the experimental normal boiling point of the compound. An APPLESOFT BASIC program it has been developed to process the IUPAC name of the compound in order to construct a 2-dimensional matrix representation of the molecule. The program then proceeds to construct a Boolean matrix which relates the connections between nodes with each bond as a bi-directional edge. Nodes separated by any number of bonds may then be identified by adapting the concept of the adjacency matrix used to identify recycle streams in steady-state process analysis. Fragments/subgroups are then identified by comparing the features of each node with the unique characteristics of those predetermined fragments.

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Nault, Edith Madeline. "Theory of Planned Behavior: Item Response Sets and Prediction of Physical Activity." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51814.

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Background: Less than half of Americans meet the recommendation of leisure-time physical activity (PA) of 150 minutes (CDC, 2012). A number of efficacious programs have been developed, and those that are based on theory are more effective. However, it is often difficult to determine the mechanisms of effect through meditational analyses. This is particularly an issue when a theory-based intervention is effective but theoretically hypothesized meditational relationships are not found. One reason for the lack of relationship could be the methods used to assess different theoretical constructs. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one model used in the exercise and PA research domain which generally employs traditional fixed-graded measures of proposed theoretical mediators (e.g., strongly disagree to strongly agree response sets). More recent research provides initial evidence that using continuous-open scaling (e.g., ratio-level scaling; days or time/per week rather than agreement scales) has shown the superiority in measurement accuracy demonstrated by stronger relationships between the theoretical constructs and behavioral outcomes when compared to other scaling types. However, continuous open scaling has only been applied to correlational studies and there is no evidence that this scaling procedure results in measures that are sensitive to change or are related to both self-reported and objectively measured PA. Primary Aims: The primary aims of this study were to determine 1) the sensitivity to change of TPB constructs using different response sets and self-report and accelerometer assessed PA, and 2) if TPB constructs measured using the different response-sets have differential prediction of PA measured using self-report and accelerometry. Methods: Forty-six young adults were recruited to complete 13-item measure of TPB constructs using both fixed-graded and continuous-open scales as well as Godin's Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire at 3 time (T1=Baseline, T2=End of week 1, T3=End of week 2) points over 2-weeks. Potential participants were excluded if they engaged in PA of 150 minutes or more per week. Inclusion criteria were the ability to perform moderate intensity PA and aged 18-25 years old. The order of different scales for the TPB constructs was randomly and evenly assigned within each condition. Participants were asked to wear an accelerometer for 2 weeks; one week prior to the action planning activity and one week after. To determine the sensitivity to change of the measures, participants were randomly assigned to either complete a personal action plan for physical activity (AP) or not (Control). Due to the exploratory nature of the pilot we set the significance level for all tests at p<0.10. Results: In general responses to the continuous open versus fixed closed items, at each time point, resulted in significantly (p<.05) lower perceptions of attitude (instrumental attitudes T1=4.4, T2=4.2, T3=4.3 versus time1= 6.2, T2=6.4, T3=6.3; affective attitudes T1=3.6, T2=3.5, T3=3.9 versus time1= 5.0, T2=5.0, T3=4.8), subjective norm ( T1=3.4, T2=3.3, T3=2.4 versus time1= 5.3, T2=5.2, T3=5.3), perceptions of control ( T1=3.2, T2=3.7, T3=3.9 versus time1= 4.6 T2=4.9, T3=5.2), and intention (T1=1.5, T2=1.8, T3=2.4 versus time1= 4.8, T2=5.1, T3=5.2). In regards to sensitivity to change continuous open and fixed closed measures of instrumental attitudes, subjective norms did not demonstrate significant changes as a result of action planning. Affective attitudes measured by the continuous-open scale, but not when measured by the fixed-closed scale, showed change over time regardless of condition. Perceived behavioral control measured using the continuous-open scale increased for AP participants by approximately 0.5 compared to control participants change of approximately 0.1 (p=.09). A similar pattern was found with intention in that changes in the continuous-open scale were significant (AP=0.9; control=0.2; p=0.07). No other scales showed significant sensitivity to change. Self-reported PA increased significantly for AP participants (81-16 minutes per week of PA) when compared to control participants (87 +/- 19 to 75 +/- 17 minutes per week of PA; p<0.1). Same pattern of differences was shown between AP (65 +/- 13 to 107 +/- 15 minutes per week of PA) and control (70 +/- 14 to 65 +/- 16 minutes per week of PA) participants (p<0.05). Conclusions: Continuous open scaling have significant correlations with all constructs along with affective attitude and intention being correlated with the actual reported exercise behavior over fixed graded scaling. This data sheds further insight into the different response sets of the TPB in application to exercise domain within a sedentary, young population. The lack of a significant difference may be due to the small sample size. Further research should investigate the role of the personalized action plan utilizing a larger sample size and the correlation of the TPB with intention and actual exercise behavior within an intervention.
Master of Science

37

Cilingir, H. Zeynep. "The Relationship of Oral Anatomy and Trumpet Performance: Prediction of Physical Talent." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353087983.

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Chowdhury, Alok K. "Sensor-based prediction of physical activity and its impacts using machine learning." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118664/1/Alok_Chowdhury_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis contributed to the development of advanced learning models and multi-sensor decision fusion algorithm to improve the prediction of physical activity and its personal impacts including relative intensity and energy expenditure from wearable sensor data. It identified the optimal sensor positioning and optimal combination of multimodal sensor data for assessing physical activity and predicting its impacts. All methods of this thesis collectively deliver better algorithms and maximise the use of available sensor information to provide accurate measurement of physical activity.

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Sofi, Backman. "A model for predicting robot dresspack damage." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149369.

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Green, Timothy Frederick Goldie. "Prediction of NMR J-coupling in condensed matter." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:39ee4a7c-58f9-49fa-b14c-16bc03141e53.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a popular spectroscopic method and has widespread use in many fields. Recent developments in solid-state NMR have increased interest in experiment and, alongside simultaneous developments in computational theory, have led to the field dubbed 'NMR crystallography.' This is a suite of methodologies, complementing the capabilities of other crystallographic methods in the determination of atomic structure, especially when large crystals cannot be made and when exploring materials with phenomena such as compositional, positional and dynamic disorder. NMR J-coupling is the indirect coupling between nuclear spins, which, when measured, can reveal a wealth of information about structure and bonding. This thesis develops and applies the method of Joyce for the prediction of NMR J-coupling in condensed matter systems using plane-wave pseudopotential density-functional theory, an important requirement for efficient treatment of finite and infinite periodic systems. It describes the first-ever method for the use of ultrasoft pseudopotentials and inclusion of special relativistic effects in J-coupling prediction, allowing for the treatment of a wider range of materials systems and overall greater user friendliness, thus making the method more accessible and attractive to the wider scientific community.

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Galasso, Michele. "Designing a new algorithm for crystal structure prediction in magnetic materials." Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210232.

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Lin, Tongyan S. B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Group theory predictions for B --> M₁M₂M₃." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40914.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-66).
The study of B meson decays to 3 pseudoscalar mesons MMM provides a promising arena for constraining CP violation from the Standard Model and searching for "new physics". In this thesis we derive decay amplitudes, rates, and CP asymmetries for B mesons decaying to MMM, in the limit of SU(2) isospin and in the limit of SU(3) quark flavor symmetry. Our results are classified according to the relative angular momentum of mesons in the final states. When all the mesons have relative even angular momentum, there are 56 decay channels expressed as linear combinations of 7 reduced matrix elements. There are also 7 reduced matrix elements for the 36 decay channels where all the mesons have relative odd angular momentum. These results imply relations between the decay amplitudes, including several isospin triangles for B --> MMM, analogous to the B --> [pi][pi] isospin triangle. We also derive sum rules for isospin triangle. We also derive sum rules for B --> MMM, which give approximate SU(2) relations among branching ratios and CP asymmetries.
by Tongyan Lin.
S.B.

43

De, Vivo Marlize. "Predicting and understanding physical activity behaviour during pregnancy : a multiphase investigation." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2017. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/15881/.

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Background: The benefits of physical activity during pregnancy extend to both mother and baby, however, little is known about the reasoning behind expecting mothers' decision to initiate or maintain regular participation during this period. Objective: The main purpose of this research project was to investigate the socio-cognitive determinants of pregnant women's physical activity behaviour. Method: A mixed methods research approach using a multiphase design with the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as conceptual framework guided the investigation. Application of the TPB required both qualitative (Study One; n = 18) and quantitative (Study Two; n = 78) cross-sectional data to be collected which addressed the aims of understanding and predicting physical activity behaviour during pregnancy. A further qualitative study (Study Three; n = 10) involving semi-structured interviews with community midwives augmented the investigation. Results: Whilst findings from individual studies have merit, a major strength of this study pertain to the 'meta-inferences' drawn from the combination of studies. Specifically, findings suggest that (1) pregnant women do not have access to the necessary information that would allow them to make informed decisions regarding their engagement in physical activities; (2) a co-ordinated effort is required to support pregnant women in overcoming barriers associated with regular exercise participation; and (3) profiling pregnant women according to motivation and behaviour status could serve as a useful and manageable starting point for intervening to produce positive changes in pregnant women's physical activity behaviour. Conclusion: In achieving better health and ensuring greater health outcomes for mothers and babies it is necessary to consider the factors involved in behaviour change, identify opportune moments to intervene, and involve health professionals in facilitating and supporting the lifestyle changes that may be required.

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Shaab, Kathryn R. "Predicting success| A study of admission processes and passing the national physical therapy examination for physical therapist assistants." Thesis, Capella University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3590559.

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In order to practice physical therapy, physical therapist assistants (PTAs) must graduate from an accredited academic program and pass the National Physical Therapy Examination for Physical Therapist Assistants (PTA-NPTE). The primary objective of academic programs is to prepare students to successfully complete these two milestones to become competent, entry-level practitioners. The ability of an academic program to achieve this goal begins with the admission of students most likely to complete the academic training and pass the PTA-NPTE. Although previous research has examined the relationships between certain programmatic and PTA student characteristics and the PTA-NPTE, research had yet to explore the relationships between admission processes and criteria and student achievement. The purpose of this study was to examine the existence of a relationship between the admission processes and criteria used by PTA programs and student achievement. An online survey was used to gather data from a convenience sample of 85 PTA program directors across the United States. Data collected included the process and criteria used to admit students into the technical phase of training from 2008 through 2010 and the corresponding student achievement outcomes. Statistically significant differences were identified between selective admission and open enrollment programs for both completion rates and PTA-NPTE pass rates. With regard to completion rates, statistically significant differences were identified between schools that considered completion of prior college credit and experience in the field of physical therapy during the admission process and those programs that did not. No statistically significant differences were revealed in PTA-NPTE pass rates based on the admission criteria examined. The study concluded that PTA programs that use a selective admission process would have higher completion and PTA-NPTE pass rates than those that use an open enrollment process. Within the selective admission process, consideration should be given to completion of prior college credits as well as experience in the field of physical therapy. Despite these findings, further research is needed to clearly identify the specific admission criteria correlated to both student achievement outcomes.

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Sekhar, Susheel Kumar. "Viscous hypersonic flow physics predictions using unstructured Cartesian grid techniques." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45857.

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Aerothermodynamics is an integral component in the design and implementation of hypersonic transport systems. Accurate estimates of the aerodynamic forces and heat transfer rates are critical in trajectory analysis and for payload weight considerations. The present work seeks to investigate the ability of an unstructured Cartesian grid framework in modeling hypersonic viscous flows. The effectiveness of modeling viscous phenomena in hypersonic flows using the immersed boundary ghost cell methodology of this solver is analyzed. The capacity of this framework to predict the surface physics in a hypersonic non-reacting environment is investigated. High velocity argon gas flows past a 2-D cylinder are simulated for a set of freestream conditions (Reynolds numbers), and impact of the grid cell sizes on the quality of the solution is evaluated. Additionally, the formulation is verified over a series of hypersonic Mach numbers for the flow past a hemisphere, and compared to experimental results and empirical estimates. Next, a test case that involves flow separation and the interaction between a hypersonic shock wave and a boundary layer, and a separation bubble is investigated using various adaptive mesh refinement strategies. The immersed boundary ghost cell approach is tested with two temperature clipping strategies, and their impact on the overall solution accuracy and smoothness of the surface property predictions are compared. Finally, species diffusion terms in the conservation equations, and collision cross-section based transport coefficients are installed, and hypersonic flows in thermochemical nonequilibrium environments are studied, and comparisons of the off-surface flow properties and the surface physics predictions are evaluated. First, a 2-D cylinder in a hypersonic reacting air flow is tested with an adiabatic wall boundary condition. Next, the same geometry is tested to evaluate the viscous chemistry prediction capability of the solver with an isothermal wall boundary condition, and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the immersed boundary ghost cell methodology in computing convective heating rates in such an environment.

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Mezei, Peter John. "The Effects of Word Prediction on Writing Fluency for Students with Physical Disabilities." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/epse_diss/64.

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Abstract:

Writing is a multifaceted, complex task that involves interaction between physical and cognitive skills. Individuals with physical disabilities vary in terms of both their physical and cognitive abilities. Often they must overcome one or more significant barriers in order to engage in the task of writing. Minimizing or eliminating barriers is important because opportunities are greater for individuals who can effectively communicate their ideas via writing. Assistive technology (AT) is an increasingly effective solution to increase typing fluency. The purpose of this study is to examine if word prediction software, a commonly used software program used with individuals with learning disabilities, will be effective for those with physical impairments to increase typing rate and reduce spelling errors (fluency). Data will be collected for words correct per minute (WCPM) and errors (e.g., spelling). Four middle- or high school-aged participants with diverse physical disabilities will be recruited in this single subject, alternating treatment design. Participants will type for three-minute timed sessions using either a standard word processor or Co:Writer 4000, a word prediction software program. Specific research questions are: (a) to what extent will students with physical and health disabilities produce greater WCPM when writing a draft paper on a common topic using word prediction rather than word processing, (b) to what extent will the use of word prediction software result in the production of different types of errors compared to errors produced using word processing, (c) to what extent will the use of word prediction software increase accuracy by decreasing spelling errors, (d) to what extent will more text be produced using word prediction software than with word processing, and (e) to what extent will word prediction increase motivation or willingness to write? Data will be graphed and analyzed for bifurcation. Bifurcation will be determined by examination of the means, level of performance, and trend. Finally, examination of errors will be used to verify spelling accuracy.

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Bandihalli, Mahalingaiah Darshan, and Ajayvarma Sagi. "Design and Analysis of a Generic Fixture for Physical Squeak and Rattle Prediction." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-173367.

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The thesis work investigates the possibility of replacing the Body-In-White (BIW) sections used in a physical test with a fixture. Volvo-cars perform several sub-system tests on its car components taken from various car models for different issues. Squeak and Rattle in Cockpits is one such important phenomenon investigated through its sub-system tests. Currently, the Body-in-White (BIW) sections taken from car body are used in holding the cockpits for Squeak and Rattle physical testing on a vibrating rig, the idea is to design a fixture that can replace these BIW sections for the test. Additionally, it is ensured that the fixture is designed to accommodate a variety of cockpits through the flexibility in its structure. Models from two different car segments were considered for performing the thesis. The development process started by researching the theory behind squeak and rattle along with investigating the important design parameters which would determine the requirements on the fixture. This is followed up with benchmarking the parameters and a physical test which would help later in comparison and evaluation of fixture performance against the BIW. The result from benchmarking were then used for topology optimization in obtaining a material layout to provide a basis for fixture design. Then, a basic CAD model is generated which is adapted to provide flexibility using Aluflexmechanisms. The final design comprises of a sufficiently rigid main structure made of hollow steel beams upon which Aluflex mechanisms are attached to provide flexibility in accommodating a variety of cockpit models. The fixture is analyzed and evaluated by comparing with benchmarked data. With the thesis, a fixture with generic (flexible) features which is manufacturable has been designed. It was concluded that at its current stage it cannot completely replace the BIW since the fixture is performing better than BIW in some respects and failing to conform to the requirements in others. The possible reason for the fixture failing to meet the requirements in the few aspects has been explored. As future work, it was proposed to explore into stiffness varying mechanisms (spring mechanisms) that could alter the stiffness requirements on the fixture as per the cockpit used for testing. It was also suggested to look for alternatives to Aluflex which would provide better stiffness at the connection points. Further, it was suggested to look for alternatives in the design concept which would avoid the connection part in extending too much away from the main structure thereby retaining high stiffness at the connection point.

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Fligner, Karen. "Prediction of physical stability in concentrated infant formula with respect to compositional factors /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487682558445913.

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Sharma, Arjun. "Placing Limits on Experimental Signatures of Dark Matter Model Predictions." Thesis, The University of Chicago, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10807985.

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In this work, we consider two different models of dark matter and set limits on results of experiments. One is a dynamic dark matter scenario where we put limits on parameters observable by experiments DAMA and XMASS through nuclear recoil of detector atoms (direct detection). The second is a case of dark matter annihilation into positrons and electrons and the signal this would produce on measured values of positron flux and ratio of electron to positron (indirect detection). The values of these quantities as measured by FERMI and PAMELA experiments are observed and an explanation using a dark matter annihilation is presented vs astrophysical sources of particles.

We explore a dynamic dark matter scenario with an ensemble of dark matter particles that starts at m₀ and spans a comb of particles separated by j^δΔ m. We verify the model by using Δm = ∞ and comparing the predictions to a non dynamic model for the same mass m0. We then observe the wider set of possibilities available with the dynamic dark matter model compared with the single mass case vis a vis constraints set by NaI and Xe detectors published by the DAMA and XMASS collaborations and check for validity of model against these measurements.

The Fermi experiment has measured the cosmic ray electron+positron spectrum and positron fraction [фe+/(фe⁺+e⁻)], and PAMELA has measured the positron fraction with better precision. While the majority of cosmic ray electrons and positrons are of astrophysical origin, there may also be a contribution from dark matter annihilation in the galactic halo. The upcoming results of the AMS experiment will show measurements of these quantities with far greater precision. One dark matter annihilation scenario is where two dark matter particles annihilate directly to e⁺ and e⁻ final states. In this article, we calculate the signature “bumps” in these measurements assuming a given density profile (NFW profile). If the dark matter annihilates to electrons and positrons with a cross section σv ∼ 10⁻²⁶ cm³/s or greater, this feature may be discernible by AMS. However, we demonstrate that such a prominent spectral feature is already ruled out by the relative smoothness of the positron + electron cosmic ray spectrum as measured by Fermi. Hence we conclude that such a feature is undetectable unless the mass is less than ∼40 GeV.

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Thornberg, Nils, and Kraft Jonas Eriksson. "Physically Based Modelling for Knock Prediction in SI Engines." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149020.

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The high demand for an increase in performance and at the same time loweringthe emissions is forcing the automotive industry to increase the efficiency of thevehicles. This demand lead to a problem called knock, which often is the limitingfactor when increasing the efficiency of the engine. Knock occurs when theunburned gases inside the combustion chamber self-ignites due to the increasingpressure and temperature.This thesis investigates if it is possible to predict knock with a physicallybased knock model. The model consist of several sub-models such as pressuremodel, temperature model and knock model. The models are built by using measureddata and the goal is to get an independent knock prediction model that canfind the limited ignition angle that will cause knock.The results shows that an analytic pressure model can simulate a measuredpressure curve. But when it comes to predicting knock, there is an uncertaintywhich can be improved by changing the modelling strategy and making the modelsmore accurate.

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physical Predictions'

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