Academic literature on the topic 'Physical properties of FGM'

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Journal articles on the topic "Physical properties of FGM"

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Sun, Chuan, Yun Kai Li, Hu Wang, and Chang Chun Ge. "Fabrication and Plasmas-Relevant Properties of B4C/Cu Coating FGM." Advanced Materials Research 833 (November 2013): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.833.257.

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in this work, two kinds of boron carbide coating based on copper substrates, which are non-FGM B4C/Cu coating and FGM B4C/Cu coating, have been fabricated successfully. It is found that the chemical sputtering yield of B4C measures by LAS2000 apparatus is much lower than that of SMF800 graphite under the conditions of 3keV, 4.6E 15D+ /s/cm2 irradiation, and that FGM-B4C coating has much better performance than non-FGM-B4C coating in thermal shock tests. Thermal desorption performance and physical sputtering damage after plasma irradiation are also evaluated.
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Shichalin, Oleg O., Evgeniy K. Papynov, Igor Yu Buravlev, et al. "Functionally Gradient Material Fabrication Based on Cr, Ti, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu Metal Layers via Spark Plasma Sintering." Coatings 13, no. 1 (2023): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13010138.

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The paper presents a method of obtaining functionally graded material (FGM) of heterogeneous (layered) type based on joined metals Cr-Ti-Fe-Co-Ni-Cu using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology. The structure, elemental and phase composition of FGM obtained on the basis of joined metals with different values of the temperature coefficient of linear expansion (CTLE) were studied by SEM, EDS and XRD methods with regard to the phase states of the alloy system. Based on the Vickers microhardness data, the evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of FGM in the whole sample body and locally at
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Zhao, Jun, Yan Zheng Li, and Xing Ai. "Transient Thermal Stress Analysis of a Plate with Double-Sided FGM Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 1807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.1807.

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In this paper, the transient heat conduction and transient thermal stresses in an infinite plate with double-sided functionally graded coatings (FGM coatings) under the convective boundary condition are investigated. The thermo-physical properties of the two symmetrical FGM coatings are assumed to have distributions of power forms along the thickness direction of the plate, the effects of which on the thermal shock resistance of the FGM coated plate are analyzed via numerical calculations. And consequently some design rules for the double-sided FGM coatings are put forward, which provide a gui
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Zhang, J., W. Xu, and X. F. Yao. "Load Detection of Functionally Graded Material Based on Coherent Gradient Sensing Method." Journal of Mechanics 34, no. 3 (2016): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2016.114.

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AbstractFunctionally graded material (FGM) has some particular characteristics due to the gradual variation of physical properties. The study on mechanical behavior of FGM is of great research value. In this work, a large scale FGM which filled with small glass spheres has been prepared by gravity assisted casting technique. The elastic material constants in static condition are measured. One optical experimental method, coherent gradient sensing (CGS), is introduced to study the mechanical behavior of FGM which has variation of material property in power-law. The governing equations of CGS wh
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Pshenichnov, Sergey, Radan Ivanov, and Maria Datcheva. "Transient Wave Propagation in Functionally Graded Viscoelastic Structures." Mathematics 10, no. 23 (2022): 4505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10234505.

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Transient wave processes in viscoelastic structures built from functionally graded material (FGM) still remain almost unexplored. In this article, the problem of the propagation of nonstationary longitudinal waves in an infinite viscoelastic layer of a FGM with plane–parallel boundaries is considered. The physical and mechanical parameters of the FGM depend continuously on the transverse coordinate, while the wave process propagates along the same coordinate. The viscoelastic properties of the material are taken into account employing the linear integral Boltzmann–Volterra relations. The visco
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OBATA, Yoshihiro, Hideaki SUGINO, Fumie ABE, and Kozo KANAYAMA. "Two-dimensional Unsteady Thermal Stresses in FGM Plate with Thermo-physical Properties of Wood." Proceedings of the 1992 Annual Meeting of JSME/MMD 2003 (2003): 515–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmezairiki.2003.0_515.

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Muller, Pierre, Jean Yves Hascoet, and Pascal Mognol. "A Method for the Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Material Parts." Advanced Materials Research 698 (May 2013): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.698.117.

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Developments in additive manufacturing add possibilities to produce three-dimensional industrial parts. Nowadays, customized parts can be obtained in short period directly from digital data. One of major recent evolutions of additive manufacturing is the ability to produce functionally graded material (FGM) parts. These materials can be characterized by the variation in composition and structure gradually over the volume. The use of these materials is particularly attractive in fields such as aeronautical or biomedical where the multimaterial parts allow to modify locally mechanical, chemical,
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AbdulRazaq, Jaafar Sh, Abdul Kareem F. Hassan, and Nuha H. Jasim. "Characterization of the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of epoxy-silica functionally graded materials." AIMS Materials Science 10, no. 1 (2023): 182–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023010.

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<abstract> <p>A functionally graded material (FGM) was prepared using epoxy resin reinforced with silicon dioxide with a particle size of 100 μm and weight percentages of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 wt%. In a gravity-molding process using the hand layup technique, specimens with international standard (ASTM)-calculated dimensions were created in a mold of poly(methyl methacrylate), which is also known as acrylic. Tensile, flexural, impact, infrared wave, and thermal conductivity tests, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted on specimens of the five layers of the FGM. The XRD and infr
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Sahmani, S., and M. M. Aghdam. "Imperfection sensitivity of the nonlinear axial buckling behavior of FGM nanoshells in thermal environments based on surface elasticity theory." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 06, no. 01 (2017): 1750003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2047684117500038.

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A size-dependent shell model which accounts for geometrical imperfection sensitivity of the axial postbuckling characteristics of a cylindrical nanoshell made of functionally graded material (FGM) is proposed within the framework of the surface elasticity theory. In accordance with a power law, the material properties of the FGM nanoshell are supposed to vary through the shell thickness. In order to eliminate the stretching-bending coupling terms, the change in the position of physical neutral plane corresponding to different volume fractions is taken into account. Based upon the virtual work’
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Chyad, Fadhi, Akram Jabur, and Sabreen Abed. "Physical and Morphological Properties of Hard- Soft Ferrite Functionally Graded Materials." Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal 14, no. 1 (2018): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22153/https://doi.org/10.22153/kej.2018.10.007.

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Functionally graded materials (FGMs), with ceramic –ceramic constituents are fabricated using powder technology techniques. In this work three different sets of FGMs samples were designed in to 3 layers, 5 layers and 7 layers. The ceramic constituents were represented by hard ferrite (Barium ferrite) and soft ferrite (lithium ferrite). All samples sintered at constant temperature at 1100oC for 2 hrs. and characterized by FESEM. Some physical properties were measured for fabricated FGMs include apparent density, bulk density, porosity, shrinkage and hardness. The results indicated that the dens
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Physical properties of FGM"

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Nielbock, Markus. "Physical properties of protostars." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962916951.

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Amado, Pedro J. "Physical properties of starspots." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387975.

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Nilsson, Frederik. "Alkylglucosides physical-chemical properties /." Lund : Physical Chemistry 1, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39761789.html.

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Le, Brun Virginie. "Physical Properties of Protein Formulations." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-109666.

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Livings, Simon John. "Physical properties of starch wafers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321480.

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Micciche, Salvatore. "Physical properties of gravitational solitons." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33196.

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Soliton solutions of Einstein's field equations for space–times with two non-null, commuting Killing Vectors are exact solutions obtained using the solution-generating techniques that resemble the well-known Inverse Scattering Methods that have been widely used m the solution of certain nonlinear PDE's such as Korteweg–de Vries, Sine–Gordon, non-linear Schrödinger. There exist two main soliton techniques in General Relativity. The Belinski–Zakharov technique allows for purely gravitational solutions. The Alekseev technique allows for solutions of the Einstein–Maxwell equations. In both techni
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Skedung, Lisa. "Tactile perception : role of physical properties." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för kemivetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11891.

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Mitsch, Carsten. "Structure and physical properties of Inovirus." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251636.

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McCoy, James Martin. "The physical properties of magnetic inks." Thesis, Durham University, 1988. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6646/.

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The magnetic particle inspection (MPI) method is a widely used non destructive testing (NDT) technique for ferrous structures. Magnetic inks used in MPI are suspensions of fine ferro/ferrimagnetic particles which, when applied to a magnetized test specimen, delineate surface flaws. This work is an investigation of some of the properties of magnetic ink systems and some aspects of their interaction with defect leakage flux. Reviews of magnetism, the MPI method and leakage flux at defects are given. The construction, characterization and automation of a 1.2 T electromagnet vibrating sample magne
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顧若愚 and Ruoyu Gu. "Physical properties of some magnetic systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240173.

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Books on the topic "Physical properties of FGM"

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White, Mary Anne. Physical Properties of Materials. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429468261.

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Belfiore, Laurence A. Physical Properties of Macromolecules. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470551592.

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Bonca, Janez, and Sergei Kruchinin, eds. Physical Properties of Nanosystems. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0044-4.

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Stadnik, Zbigniew M., ed. Physical Properties of Quasicrystals. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58434-3.

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Krahne, Roman, Liberato Manna, Giovanni Morello, Albert Figuerola, Chandramohan George, and Sasanka Deka. Physical Properties of Nanorods. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36430-3.

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United States. Defense Logistics Agency., ed. Physical properties testing equipment. Dept. of Defense, Defense Logistics Agency, 1987.

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1928-, Holonyak Nick, and Stillman G. E, eds. Physical properties of semiconductors. Prentice Hall, 1989.

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Ignác, Capek, ed. Physical properties of polymers. Springer, 1995.

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Sergei, Kruchinin, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Physical Properties of Nanosystems. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011.

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Ollivier, Jean-Pierre. Physical properties of concrete. ISTE Ltd., and John Wiley & Sons, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Physical properties of FGM"

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Abdulali, Arsen, and Seokhee Jeon. "Haptic Software Design." In Springer Series on Touch and Haptic Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04536-3_12.

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AbstractThis chapter reviews design concepts of haptic modeling and rendering software. The main focus lies in realistic kinesthetic and tactile haptic models for virtual and augmented reality based on the data collected from physical objects. We consider both data-driven algorithms providing a black-box action-response mapping and measurement-based approaches identifying parameters of physics-based models. To show the research landscape and highlight ongoing research challenges, we introduce a series of state-of-the-art methods including data-driven models with deterministic and stochastic re
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Lawson, Harry. "Physical Properties." In Food Oils and Fats. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2351-9_4.

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Jackson, Darrell R., and Michael D. Richardson. "Physical Properties." In High-Frequency Seafloor Acoustics. Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36945-7_4.

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Dietrich, R. V. "Physical Properties." In The Tourmaline Group. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8085-6_7.

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Dillard, David A. "Physical Properties." In Handbook of Adhesion Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55411-2_17.

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Adachi, Sadao. "Physical Properties." In Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide-Based Thin-Film Solar Cells. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118437865.ch7.

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Look, Dwight C., and Harry J. Sauer. "Physical Properties." In Engineering Thermodynamics. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9316-3_2.

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Munz, Dietrich, and Theo Fett. "Physical Properties." In Ceramics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58407-7_2.

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Reiser, P., G. G. Birch, and M. Mathlouthi. "Physical properties." In Sucrose. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2676-6_8.

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Mukherjee, Swapna. "Physical Properties." In Applied Mineralogy. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1162-4_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Physical properties of FGM"

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John, Hendrik. "Elastomers in Mud Motors for Oil Field Applications." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97085.

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Abstract Mud motors the most frequently used downhole drilling motors in modern drilling systems are described in their application and function. The elastomeric liner in a mud motor acts as a huge continuous seal. Important properties of elastomers such as chemical resistance, fatigue resistance, mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, bonding to steel and processability are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of NBR, HNBR, FKM, TFEP, and EPDM elastomers for mud motor applications are briefly described. The importance of drilling fluids and their physical and chemical impact on motor el
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Garland, Anthony, Greg Mocko, and Georges Fadel. "Challenges in Designing and Manufacturing Fully Optimized Functional Gradient Material Objects." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34544.

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Functionally Gradient Materials (FGM) smoothly transition from one material to another within a single object, allowing engineers to customize the physical response of different regions of the object by modifying the material composition at each region. New FGM research makes design, manufacturing, and use of FGM objects a promising alternative to homogeneous objects or composites with one direction of gradation. Heterogeneous anisotropic artifacts can be manufactured with specific 3D printing processes and potentially bring significant increases in functionalities. However, many challenges ex
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Garland, Anthony, and Georges Fadel. "Manufacturing Functionally Gradient Material Objects With an Off the Shelf 3D Printer: Challenges and Solutions." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47841.

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This paper presents the challenges and solutions encountered while printing functionally gradient material (FGM) objects using an off the shelf Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printer. The printer, Build Builder Dual-Feed Extruder from 3dprinter4u, has the unique design of extruding two different filaments out of one nozzle. Two separate motors independently pull two different filaments into one chamber causing plastic to extrude out of one nozzle. By using different filaments with different properties, an object with a material properties gradient can be manufactured. These material proper
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Khor, K. A., Y. W. Gu, and Z. L. Dong. "Plasma Spraying of Functionally Graded ZrO2/NiCoCrAlY Coating System Using Composite Powders." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p1543.

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Abstract Pre-alloyed and plasma spheroidized composite powders were used as the feed-stock in the plasma spraying of functionally graded ZrO2/NiCoCrAlY coatings. The ball milling parameters of the composite powders and the plasma spraying parameters for preparing FGM coatings were optimized in order to obtain the best performance for the thermal barrier coatings. Microstructure, physical, mechanical and thermal properties of ZrO2/NiCoCrAlY FGM coatings were investigated and compared with those of traditional duplex coatings. Results showed that the advantages of using prealloyed composite powd
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Muller, Pierre, Pascal Mognol, and Jean-Yves Hascoet. "Functionally Graded Material (FGM) Parts: From Design to the Manufacturing Simulation." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82586.

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Recent developments in additive manufacturing processes add opportunities to manufacture metallic parts. One of major recent evolutions of additive manufacturing is the ability to produce parts with functionally graded materials (FGM). These materials can be characterized by the variation in composition and structure gradually over the volume. The use of these materials is particularly attractive in fields such as aeronautical or biomedical where the multi-material parts allow modifying locally mechanical, chemical, physical or biochemical properties. Today, main of parts with FGM which are ma
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Nabian, M., and M. T. Ahmadian. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Functionally Graded Hollow Cylinders." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65698.

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In this study, two physical properties of simply supported hollow cylinders made of functionally graded materials are investigated. These two properties are mass and first natural frequency which is desirable to be minimized and maximized respectively in mechanical applications. The functionally graded material properties are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness of the cylinder. In this multi-objective optimization problem the first natural frequency of the FGM cylinders as well as its mass are formulated in terms of the volume fraction of the constituents, then by using Genetic
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Topal, Serra, and Serkan Dag. "Mixed-Mode Hygrothermal Fracture Analysis of Orthotropic Functionally Graded Materials Using J-Integral." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20011.

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Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are multi-phase inhomogeneous composites, possessing smooth spatial variations in certain physical properties of the constituents. Depending on the types of the constituent materials used in the processing of orthotropic FGMs, the influences of thermal and hygroscopic loadings could be rather significant. This study is directed towards developing a new computational fracture analysis technique for orthotropic FGMs that are under mixed-mode hygrothermal loading. The method is based on the use of the J-integral in conjunction with the asymptotic crack tip dis
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Banjanin, Bojan, Gojko Vladić, Magdolna Pál, Vladimir Dimovski, Savka Adamović, and Gordana Delić. "PRODUCTION FACTORS INFLUENCING MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FDM PRINTED EMBOSSING DIES." In 9th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. Faculty of Technical Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2018-p28.

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Shrivastava, Sourabh, Ishan Verma, Rakesh Yadav, Pravin Nakod, and Stefano Orsino. "Comparison of Performance of Flamelet Generated Manifold Model With That of Finite Rate Combustion Model for Hydrogen Blended Flames." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-60232.

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Abstract International Air Transport Association (IATA) sets a 50% reduction in 2005 CO2 emissions levels by 2050, with no increase in net emissions after 2020 [1]. The association also expects the global aviation demand to double to 8.2 billion passengers per year by 2037. These issues have prompted the aviation industry to focus intensely on adopting sustainable aviation fuels (SAF). Further, reduction in CO2 emission is also an active area of research for land-based power generation gas turbine engines. And fuels with high hydrogen content or hydrogen blends are regarded as an essential par
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Yadav, Rakesh, Ishan Verma, Abhijit Modak, and Shaoping Li. "A Fully Non-Adiabatic Flamelet Generated Manifold Model for High Fidelity Modeling of Turbulent Combustion in Gas Turbine Like Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15814.

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Abstract Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) has proven to be an efficient approach to model turbulent combustion across different regimes of combustion. The manifolds are generally created by solving laminar premixed or opposed flow configurations. Gas turbine combustors often involve many strong non-adiabatic events such as multiple temperature boundaries, quenching from cooling and effusion holes, conjugate heat transfer, soot radiation interaction, phase change from spray and the modulation of inlet conditions. The adiabatic assumption of the underlying flamelet generation in the FGM is, the
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Reports on the topic "Physical properties of FGM"

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Jinawath, Supatra. Development of products from Mae Moh flue-gas gypsum. Chulalongkorn University, 1999. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1999.34.

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The flue-gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD gypsum) from Mae Moh power station is characterized for its physical and chemical properties, precleaned by acid leaching and sedimentation to light coloured powder which is later used, in later used, in comparison with natural gypsum, as raw material for the syntheses of [beta]-hemihydrate, anhydrites and multiphase plasters. Based on the commercial specification, these gypsum plasters are fabricated into product, i.e. gypsum board and projection plaster slurry. With the employment of gypsum technology, the product performance can be engineered to matc
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Gates, Emily, and Steven Waters. PR186-23110-R01 Create Matrix of Appropriate Sealing Materials and Designs in H2 and H2 Blend. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2025. https://doi.org/10.55274/r0000124.

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This study investigates the compatibility of sealing materials used in pipeline infrastructure with hydrogen gas, methane gas, and a hydrogen-methane blend. As the energy industry shifts to-wards hydrogen as a decarbonized fuel source, evaluating the performance of existing pipeline materials is crucial for the safe and efficient transportation of hydrogen, particularly in the case of repurposing existing natural gas lines to transport hydrogen or hydrogen-containing blends. The research consists of three parts: 1) the compilation of an inventory of nonmetallic materials commonly found in pipe
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Poirier, M. R., P. R. Hansen, and S. D. Fink. F-Canyon Sludge Physical Properties. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/881428.

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Shankland, T. J., P. A. Johnson, and K. R. McCall. Physical properties and mantle dynamics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/548613.

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Feng, Ye. Physical Properties of Intermetallic FE2VA1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/795179.

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Banovic, Stephen W., Christopher N. McCowan, and William E. Luecke. Physical properties of structural steels. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ncstar.1-3e.

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Dallimore, S. R., and D. E. Patterson. Physical Properties of Stratigraphic Units. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132229.

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Berg, John C. Physical Properties of Hanford Transuranic Waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1009835.

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Kojima, T., M. Yanagida, and K. Tanimoto. Physical properties of molten carbonate electrolyte. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460246.

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Awschalom, David D. Physical Properties of Nanometer-Scale Magnets. Defense Technical Information Center, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada308548.

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