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Journal articles on the topic 'Physical Violence'
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1
Lanza, Marilyn L., Robert A. Zeiss, and Jill Rierdan. "Non-Physical Violence." AAOHN Journal 54, no. 9 (2006): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507990605400903.
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Fawson, Peter R., Timothy Jones, and Bobby Younce. "Teen Dating Violence: Predicting Physical and Sexual Violence and Mental Health Symptoms Among Heterosexual Adolescent Males." Violence and Victims 32, no. 5 (2017): 886–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-15-00077.
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This study investigated the prevalence of female-to-male intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental health symptoms among 589 male high school students. Participants completed questionnaires asking if they had experienced dating violence victimization, mental health symptoms, and violent attitudes. Correlations revealed strong positive associations between sexual, physical, and psychological IPV among male victims. Multiple regression found significant predictors of negative mental health consequences were experiencing psychological violence, experiencing physical violence, and having attitudes that accept violence. Further analysis revealed that participants who experience three types of dating violence (physical, sexual, and psychological) were significantly more likely to perpetrate physical and sexual violence. These findings suggest that violent attitudes and experiencing dating violence are significantly predictive of future negative mental health and perpetration among adolescent boys.
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Medina Cascales, José Ángel, and María Jose Reverte Prieto. "Incidencia de la práctica de actividad física y deportiva como reguladora de la violencia escolar (Incidence of the practice of physical and sporting activities as a regulator of school violence)." Retos, no. 35 (July 30, 2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i35.64359.
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La violencia escolar se ha convertido en un fenómeno de repercusión mundial, por las graves y duraderas consecuencias negativas que produce en las víctimas. La violencia escolar prevalece en la etapa de Educación Primaria mostrándose de manera física, verbal, por exclusión social o a través de las TIC. La práctica deportiva puede servir como estrategia de prevención contra la aparición de conductas violentas en las aulas, por lo que el objetivo del presente estudio, es analizar la relación entre esta práctica de actividad física y la victimización por violencia escolar en función del sexo. Mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia o casual, un total de 113 sujetos (74 hombres; 39 mujeres; Medad = 10.66, DE = .74) completaron los cuestionarios PAQ-C y “Acoso y Violencia Escolar”. Los resultados indican la prevalencia de ciberviolencia y la violencia física indirecta para ambos sexos. Obteniéndose diferencias significativas entre ambos géneros para la violencia física directa. Una práctica deportiva moderada orientada a disciplinas como fútbol o atletismo conlleva a una mayor victimización en todas las dimensiones. Por el contrario, una alta práctica dirigida hacia artes marciales o juegos populares supone las menores tasas de percepción violencial. Concluyendo que la cantidad de actividad física desarrollada y el tipo de deporte practicado, actúan como reguladores en la victimización por violencia escolar, lo que requiere de la necesidad de promover estrategias que favorezcan la adherencia deportiva en los escolares en entornos menos competitivos y más enfocados en la educación deportiva.Abstract. School violence has become a phenomenon of global impact due to the severe and long-lasting negative consequences on victims. School violence is more evident in the primary education stage, being expressed physically, verbally, and through social exclusion or ICT. Sports can serve as a prevention strategy against the emergence of violent behaviors in the classroom. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to analyze the relationship between the practice of physical activity and victimization by school violence based on gender. After employing a non-probability, convenience-based sampling technique, a total of 113 subjects (74 men, 39 women; Mage = 10.66, E.D. =. 74) completed the questionnaires PAQ-C and “Harassment and School Violence”. The results indicate the prevalence of cyber-violence and indirect physical violence for both sexes. Significant differences are shown between genders for direct physical violence. A moderate sports practice oriented to disciplines such as football or athletics leads to greater victimization in all dimensions. On the contrary, a high practice directed towards martial arts or popular games appears to reduce the rates of perceived violence. The amount of physical activity carried out and the type of sport practiced act as regulators in the victimization of school violence, which indicates the need to promote strategies that favor sports adherence in school children in less competitive environments and more focused on sports education.
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Rapoza, Kimberly A., and Alison T. Baker. "Attachment Styles, Alcohol, and Childhood Experiences of Abuse: An Analysis of Physical Violence in Dating Couples." Violence and Victims 23, no. 1 (2008): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.23.1.52.
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This study examined individual and partner characteristics that contribute to the propensity for physical violence in couples. In a sample of 171 heterosexual dating couples, each partner completed measures assessing experienced childhood abuse, alcohol use, alcohol expectancies, attachment, and relationship length. Physically violent men reported more abuse from each parent, greater alcohol use, anxious attachment, and a longer relationship. Their female partner reported more childhood abuse by the father and reciprocal perpetrated violence. Physically violent women reported more abuse from the father, greater alcohol use, aggressive alcohol expectancies, and a longer relationship. Their male partner reported greater abuse from the mother, greater alcohol use, and reciprocal perpetrated violence. This study demonstrates the importance of considering how each individual’s characteristics within a dyad contribute to increased propensity for dating violence.
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Franzese, Robert J., Scott Menard, Andrea J. Weiss, and Herbert C. Covey. "Adolescent Exposure to Violence and Adult Violent Victimization and Offending." Criminal Justice Review 42, no. 1 (2016): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016816679228.
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Research on the effects of child abuse and of childhood and adolescent exposure to domestic violence or community violence has generally, with some exceptions, found them to be related to subsequent negative behavioral outcomes, such as crime, delinquency, and substance abuse. This study uses longitudinal self-report data from the National Youth Survey Family Study to investigate how being physically abused by parents, witnessing violence between parents, and exposure to violence in the neighborhood are related to violent victimization and offending in middle adulthood, controlling for prior involvement in the outcome behaviors in adolescence. Physical abuse and witnessing parental violence appear to have little direct impact on adult violent offending and victimization net of the impact of adolescent violent victimization more generally; but adolescent exposure to neighborhood violence does appear to be predictive of adult violent victimization and offending for female respondents.
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Edwards, Daniel W., Charles L. Scott, Richard M. Yarvis, Cheryl L. Paizis, and Matthew S. Panizzon. "Impulsiveness, Impulsive Aggression, Personality Disorder, and Spousal Violence." Violence and Victims 18, no. 1 (2003): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2003.18.1.3.
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Impulsiveness has become a key concept in thinking about the determinants of violence and aggression. In this study of spouse abusers, the relationship between impulsiveness, impulsive aggression, and physical violence is confirmed. Impulsiveness and impulsive aggression have significant correlations with physical aggression. Impulsiveness and impulsive aggression are also correlated with measures of Borderline Personality Disorder and Antisocial Personality Disorder. In addition, the measures of Borderline and Antisocial Personality Disorder (PD) are significantly correlated with physical aggression. The violent and non-violent groups differed on impulsive aggression and on Borderline Personality Disorder. A partial replication of Tweed and Dutton’s findings (1998) revealed sub-groups of high- and low-violence men. The high-violence group was very different from the low-violent and the non-violent groups. The high-violence group had higher pathology scores on all clinical scales, except Mania, of the Personality Assessment Inventory. These findings have implications for violence prediction and for treatment of violent men.
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Steen, Knut, and Steinar Hunskaar. "Gender and physical violence." Social Science & Medicine 59, no. 3 (2004): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.11.024.
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Chhabra, S. "Physical violence during pregnancy." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 27, no. 5 (2007): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443610701406075.
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COKKINIDES, VILMA E., ANN L. COKER, MAUREEN SANDERSON, CHERYL ADDY, and LESA BETHEA. "Physical Violence During Pregnancy." Obstetrics & Gynecology 93, no. 5, Part 1 (1999): 661–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006250-199905000-00006.
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Wolff, Nancy, Cynthia L. Blitz, Jing Shi, Jane Siegel, and Ronet Bachman. "Physical Violence Inside Prisons." Criminal Justice and Behavior 34, no. 5 (2007): 588–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854806296830.
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Anderson, Lisa M. "Physical Violence Against Nurses." Clinical Nurse Specialist 24, no. 4 (2010): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nur.0000348972.58355.7c.
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Paudel, Bibek. "Impact Analysis of Physical Violence on Women." Research Nepal Journal of Development Studies 1, no. 2 (2018): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/rnjds.v1i2.22431.
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Women, constituting of more than 50% of total population of the world devote their life for their family as well as children. They are the center of love and affection; the main candle of light in family as well as in nation. Despite their high value, they are being mistreated by many peoples in the world leading to the devastating social structure. The violence against women being both fatal as well as non-fatal, can bring devastation in the life as well as structure of individual and society and has taken its toll as a cancer that is spreading from within and thus is decreasing the productivity of the world and exposing whole world to vulnerability. The physical violence on women can be a major gateway for the entry of other major health related as well as lifestyle related difficulties. Violence is the act of forcing someone into doing something that they don’t like as well as stopping them from doing something that they like. The activity that promotes violent act to women is considered as violence against women. The violence against women can cause various issues such as economic issue, social issue, morbidity issue, and psychological issue. The terrific situation of physical violence against women has to be resolved in time for the system to be able to function in the desired way. For the completion of this research, secondary data has been used in the analysis field so that the result of physical violence can be enlightened.
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Swan, Suzanne C., Laura J. Gambone, Jennifer E. Caldwell, Tami P. Sullivan, and David L. Snow. "A Review of Research on Women’s Use of Violence With Male Intimate Partners." Violence and Victims 23, no. 3 (2008): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.23.3.301.
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This article provides a review of research literature on women who use violence with intimate partners. The central purpose is to inform service providers in the military and civilian communities who work with domestically violent women. The major points of this review are as follows: (a) women’s violence usually occurs in the context of violence against them by their male partners; (b) in general, women and men perpetrate equivalent levels of physical and psychological aggression, but evidence suggests that men perpetrate sexual abuse, coercive control, and stalking more frequently than women and that women also are much more frequently injured during domestic violence incidents; (c) women and men are equally likely to initiate physical violence in relationships involving less serious “situational couple violence,” and in relationships in which serious and very violent “intimate terrorism” occurs, men are much more likely to be perpetrators and women victims; (d) women’s physical violence is more likely than men’s violence to be motivated by self-defense and fear, whereas men’s physical violence is more likely than women’s to be driven by control motives; (e) studies of couples in mutually violent relationships find more negative effects for women than for men; and (f) because of the many differences in behaviors and motivations between women’s and men’s violence, interventions based on male models of partner violence are likely not effective for many women.
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Abidjulu, Fitrine Christianne, and Rima Nusantriani Banurea. "Kisah Cinta Tidak Indah : Studi Kekerasan dalam Relasi Pacaran Mahasiswa di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Cenderawasih Jayapura." RESIPROKAL: Jurnal Riset Sosiologi Progresif Aktual 1, no. 2 (2020): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/resiprokal.v1i2.15.
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Dating is a popular relationship among college students. In our expectation, dating becomespopular because it is fun. However, in reality, dating is tend to be unpleasure relationship.This can be occured because of violence. The existence of violence in dating has a strongrelation with the understanding of love. Love is often misunderstood by people who aredating as a ownership and control. Therefore, the topic about how violence’s manifest indating relationships is important question. This research aims to look the relationshipbetween college students in Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (FISIP) ofCenderawasih University, Jayapura, Papua. The results of this study are the concept of loveare important to building (consciously or unconsciously) violent acts in dating relation.Then the culture and experience from both the victims and the perpretators are important toperpetuating violence. Furthermore, the general form of violence at least exists in 5 formslike psychological violence, physical violence, verbal violence, digital violence and financialviolence.
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Ning, Yin Bin. "Physical violence excludes women and the physically weak1." Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 8, no. 1 (2007): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649370601119568.
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Brewster, Mary P. "Stalking by Former Intimates: Verbal Threats and Other Predictors of Physical Violence." Violence and Victims 15, no. 1 (2000): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.15.1.41.
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Scant empirical research has been conducted on the relationship between threats and violence. The purpose of this analysis is to assess the link between verbal threats of violence and actual physical violence against former intimate victims of stalking. The researcher interviewed 187 female former intimate stalking victims, asking respondents about various characteristics of their experiences. Responses to questions pertaining to threats; history of violence; stalkers’ drug and alcohol use; frequency of phone calls, “following,” and letters during stalking; and victims’ age and education were analyzed as possible predictors of three violence-related dependent variables: (a) whether or not violence occurred, (b) the number of violent incidents during stalking, and (c) physical injury during stalking. The results of linear and logistic regression models reveal that, regardless of the measure of violence, there is an independent, moderate, and statistically significant correlation between verbal threats and subsequent violence. Regression coefficients for drug abuse and alcohol abuse were also statistically significant, but only in predicting physical injury during stalking.
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Ökten, Şevket. "Domestic Violence and Patriarchy in Turkey." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 11, no. 2 (2017): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v11i2.p365-369.
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Violence against women being a global epidemic that kills tortures and maims women physically and psychologically. The most common and widespread form of the violence is domestic violence. Violent behaviors such as beating, pushing, slapping or throwing things by family members; sexual, emotional, economic violence against women in the home, within the family or in a relationship is considered as domestic violence. Domestic violence is common place in Turkey though majority of women do not justify its occurrences as indicated by different nationwide studies conducted in Turkey. Instead nearly half of women who were subjected to violence remained isolation and overwhelming majority of victims avoided to get help from status apparatus. This study attempts to find out that why nearly half of women who are subjected to physical violence in Turkey did not share their experiences of violence to anyone before these studies. This study regards the patriarchal system and practices as the obstruction which deter overwhelming majority of women who are subjected to physical violence to express their suffering and seek help from state apparatus
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Madsen, Chelsea A., Sandra M. Stith, Cynthia J. Thomsen, and Eric E. McCollum. "Violent Couples Seeking Therapy: Bilateral and Unilateral Violence." Partner Abuse 3, no. 1 (2012): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.3.1.43.
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Little information is available about couples experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) who voluntarily seek couples therapy. We examined the characteristics of 129 couples who sought therapy for IPV to learn more about this population. A majority of the sample, 74%, experienced bilateral physical violence, 16% experienced unilateral male violence, and 5% experienced unilateral female violence. Conflict theory is used to explain the finding that couples experiencing bilateral violence reported higher levels of physical violence and injury than did those experiencing unilateral violence. Bilaterally violent couples also experienced more jealousy and psychological aggression and less relationship satisfaction than either group of unilaterally violent couples. Implications and suggestions for clinicians are offered, as well as ideas for future research.
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Fawson, Peter R., Robert Broce, Maureen MacNamara, and Chris Gedney. "Victim to Aggressor: The Relationship Between Intimate Partner Violence Victimization, Perpetration, and Mental Health Symptoms Among Teenage Girls." Partner Abuse 9, no. 1 (2018): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.9.1.3.
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The study investigated the prevalence of female-to-male dating violence, mental health symptoms, and violent attitudes among 727 female high school students. Participants completed surveys asking about experiences of dating violence victimization/perpetration, mental health symptoms, and justification of violence. Correlations among female victims of dating violence revealed moderate positive associations between sexual, physical, and psychological violence, and female’s acceptance of male violence toward girls. Multiple regressions found significant predictors of negative mental health consequences, which consisted of experiencing psychological violence and justification of violence. Further analysis revealed that female participants who experienced three types of dating violence (physical, sexual, and psychological) were significantly more likely to perpetrate three types of dating violence (physical, psychological, and sexual). These findings suggest that among teenage girls justification of violence and experiencing dating violence are significant predictors of future negative mental health and violence perpetration.
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Sunday, Suzanne, Myriam Kline, Victor Labruna, David Pelcovitz, Suzanne Salzinger, and Sandra Kaplan. "The Role of Adolescent Physical Abuse in Adult Intimate Partner Violence." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, no. 18 (2011): 3773–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260511403760.
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This study’s primary aims were to examine whether a sample of young adults, aged 23 to 31, who had been documented as physically abused by their parent(s) during adolescence would be more likely to aggress, both physically and verbally, against their intimate partners compared with nonabused young adults and whether abuse history was (along with other risk factors) a significant predictor of intimate partner physical and emotional violence perpetration or victimization. In this longitudinal study, 67 abused and 78 nonabused adults (of an original sample of 198 adolescents) completed the Modified Conflict Tactics Scale and the Jealousy and Emotional Control Scales. Nonabused comparison adolescents were matched for age, gender, and community income. As adults, participants with abuse histories had significantly higher rates of intimate partner physical violence and verbal aggression than did comparison participants. Multivariate logistic regressions indicated that adults with histories of physical abuse were more than twice as likely to be physically violent and almost six times more likely to be verbally aggressive to their intimate partners than were comparison participants. Having had an alcohol use disorder, being married to or living with a partner, and perceiving one’s partner as controlling were also significantly associated with physical violence. Jealousy and feeling controlled by one’s partner were also significant predictors of verbal aggression. These findings underscore the importance of preventing adolescent abuse as a means of decreasing the incidence of intimate partner physical violence in adulthood.
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Farrell, Albert D., Sarah Pittman, Amie F. Bettencourt, Krista R. Mehari, Courtney Dunn, and Terri N. Sullivan. "Beliefs as Mediators of Relations Between Exposure to Violence and Physical Aggression During Early Adolescence." Journal of Early Adolescence 42, no. 3 (2021): 297–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02724316211036747.
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This study examined beliefs about aggression and self-efficacy for nonviolent responses as mediators of longitudinal relations between exposure to violence and physical aggression. Participants were a predominantly African American (79%) sample of 2705 early adolescents from three middle schools within urban neighborhoods with high rates of violence. Participants completed measures across four waves (fall, winter, spring, and summer) within a school year. Beliefs supporting proactive aggression, beliefs against fighting, and self-efficacy for nonviolence partially mediated relations between witnessing violence and physical aggression. Indirect effects for beliefs supporting proactive aggression and self-efficacy were maintained after controlling for victimization and negative life events. Beliefs supporting proactive aggression mediated the effects of violent victimization on physical aggression, but these effects were not significant after controlling for witnessing violence and negative life events. The findings underscore the importance of examining the unique pathways from witnessing community violence versus violent victimization to physical aggression.
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Winstok, Zeev, and Guy Enosh. "Distribution of Verbal and Physical Violence for Same and Opposite Genders Among Adolescents." American Journal of Men's Health 2, no. 3 (2008): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988308319035.
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The present study was set up to test the perceived distribution of verbal and physical violent behaviors among same- and opposite-genders. More specifically, those perceived violent behaviors are examined as the outcome of adolescents' cost-risk goals. The study assumes two conflicting social goals: Whereas the goal of risk reduction may motivate withdrawal from conflict, and decrease the prevalence of violent events, the goal of pursuing social status may motivate initiation and/or retaliation, thus increasing the prevalence of violence. The study is based on a sample of 155 high-school students that recorded the frequency of observing violent events in their peer group over a one-week period. Findings demonstrate that for males, opponent gender had a primary effect on violence distribution. Males exhibited violence against males more frequently than against females. This result is consistent with the assumption that males set a higher priority to pursuing social status. For females, verbal violence was more frequent than physical forms of aggression. This is consistent with the assumption that females set a higher priority on avoiding risk. These results are discussed from an evolutionary cost-risk perspective.
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Palmetto, Niki, Leslie L. Davidson, and Vaughn I. Rickert. "Predictors of Physical Intimate Partner Violence in the Lives of Young Women: Victimization, Perpetration, and Bidirectional Violence." Violence and Victims 28, no. 1 (2013): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.28.1.103.
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Background: Dating violence in young people is highly prevalent, and bidirectional violence characterizes most violent relationships. However, there is limited data on predictors of bidirectional violence in young relationships. Purpose: To examine the frequency of victimization, perpetration, and bidirectional physical violence in young women’s relationships and compare individual and relationship characteristics across violence profiles. Methods: Six hundred eighteen young women visiting an urban reproductive health care clinic completed an anonymous survey using the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory to measure their experience of violence with a partner in the last year. Results: Thirty-four percent of women reported at least one instance of physical violence (3% “victim only,” 12% “perpetrator only,” 19% “bidirectional”). The frequency of violence in the previous year within the bidirectional profile was significantly higher than both the victim-only and perpetrator-only profiles. In all adjusted models, younger age, childhood sexual abuse, witnessing parental intimate partner violence (IPV), and relationship length remained significant. Black race was predictive of both perpetration and bidirectional violence, but not victimization. Compared to nulliparous women or those with one previous pregnancy, those who had had two or more had twice the odds of both victimization and bidirectional, but no increase in odds of perpetration. Conclusions: Bidirectional violence was the most common profile and was associated with the highest frequency of violent behaviors. Contrary to expectation, only two variables differed significantly across the three violence profiles. However, as hypothesized, bidirectional relationships were characterized by longer length, lending moderate support for social learning theory as one explanation underlying the occurrence of bidirectional violence.
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Policastro, Christina, and Mary A. Finn. "Coercive Control and Physical Violence in Older Adults." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 3 (2016): 311–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515585545.
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The most common perpetrators of physical violence against women of any age are their intimate partners. Although research on younger adults has recognized that intimate partner violence (IPV) is distinct in etiology, form, and consequence, whether the same is true for older adults has not been adequately studied. The extent and consequences of coercive controlling violence, IPV that involves physical violence coupled with psychological aggression and/or financial abuse, have not been examined in older populations. Using data from the National Elder Mistreatment Study, the current research examines if coercive control is more evident in physical violent victimizations of older adults (age 60 or older) when the perpetrator is an intimate partner compared with when the perpetrator is not an intimate partner. Findings indicate that older adults who experience emotional coercive control by intimate partners in their lifetime are more likely to experience physical abuse at age 60 or older. Furthermore, older adults who experienced trauma during their lifetime, were in poor health, and with less social support are more likely to experience physical abuse at age 60 or older. However, the victim’s sex had no significant influence on the likelihood of experiencing physical abuse.
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Carmo, Carolina Jacomini do, and Maria de Jesus C. S. Harada. "Physical violence as educational practice." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 14, no. 6 (2006): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692006000600004.
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This descriptive and correlational study, carried out at a teaching hospital in 2004, aimed to get to know if, in the context of domestic violence, parents use physical violence as an educational practice. Semistructured interviews were used to characterize the population, and situations of daily family life to identify parents' attitude in the education process. Results: the most vulnerable situation to use physical punishment was disobedience to parents' predetermined orders (40%), followed by the situation when the child steals something (31.7%). The use of physical violence as a disciplinary practice was significant (p=0.020), associated with unemployment. Forty percent of the population reported they imposed their will on their child, and 57% mentioned they had been physically punished by their parents in limit-imposing situations. Knowledge and reflection on factors involving domestic violence are very important to consolidate prevention programs and which could generate a collective consciousness.
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Edwards, Katie M., Kateryna M. Sylaska, Johanna E. Barry, et al. "Physical Dating Violence, Sexual Violence, and Unwanted Pursuit Victimization." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 30, no. 4 (2014): 580–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260514535260.
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Knopf, Alison. "Physical teen violence easier to prevent than sexual violence." Brown University Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology Update 24, no. 2 (2022): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpu.30647.
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Yoshihama, Mieko, and Susan B. Sorenson. "Physical, Sexual, and Emotional Abuse by Male Intimates: Experiences of Women in Japan." Violence and Victims 9, no. 1 (1994): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.9.1.63.
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This article examines the nature of violence (physical, emotional, and sexual) perpetrated by Japanese men against their female intimates. Data were collected in a nationwide mail questionnaire survey with a convenience sample of 796 women between July and December, 1992. Most respondents were currently married and working full-time; average age was 43.5 years. Over three fourths reported at least one type of violence perpetrated by their male intimate partner. These Japanese women reported a wide range of abuse—from a slap to an assault with a deadly weapon, from verbal ridicules to restriction of social activities, and from incompliance with contraception to forced, violent sex. About two thirds of the most serious physically violent incidents resulted in injury. Sociocultural factors unique to Japanese women’s experiences of male violence are identified and discussed along with their implications for prevention and intervention.
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Sowan-Basheer, Wafaa, and Zeev Winstok. "Partner Violence Beliefs, Attitudes, and Implications in Israeli Muslim Society." Partner Abuse 11, no. 2 (2020): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/pa-d-19-00061.
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The purpose of the current article was to examine beliefs and attitudes around partner violence within Muslim society in Israel. The study addressed three gender-asymmetrical aspects of such beliefs: reasons for violence (the belief that men hurt their female partners to control them, and the belief that women hurt their male partners to protect themselves); violent behavior (the belief that men, more than women, are violent in intimate relationships); and the outcomes of violence (the belief that women, more than men, are injured as a result of intimate violence). The study also examines the attitude toward the appropriate social response to the problem (the belief that men who use partner violence should be condemned more than women should). First, the study compares men and women's belief levels and relates these to the accumulating empirical knowledge. Then, the study examines the difference between men and women in the relationship between the beliefs, as well as the effects of this on prevailing attitudes. The study was based on a community sample of 420 Muslim students. The research findings indicate that the belief that men, more than women, use physical violence in intimate relationships was the strongest belief of those tested and it was stronger among women than among men. The findings also indicate that among both men and women, the behavioral aspect does not affect the tendency for condemnation. On the other hand, among both, the consequences of violence affect condemnation. Theoretical and empirical implications of gender differences in physically violent behavior, Gender differences in consequences of physical partner violence, gender differences in condemnation of violent behavior and effects of beliefs on the attitude toward its condemnation were discussed.
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Zaheen, Zakia, Fahmida Aqeel, Mohammad Ghazi Asad, Geeta, Rozina Mujeeb Sahito, and Rekha. "Fetomaternal outcome after physical Domestic Violence during pregnancy." Professional Medical Journal 27, no. 01 (2020): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2019.27.01.3515.
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Pregnancy by itself imposes great physical and psychological pressures on a woman and consequently, coupled with other stressors such as violence, can have adverse effects on the fetus and mother. Objectives: To identify the association of physical domestic violence with unfavorable feto maternal outcome. Study Design: Observational Cross Sectional Review. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit 4 at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Period: Six months from June 2017 to December 2017. Material & Methods: All pregnant females admitted in department of OBS and Gynae for various obstetrical and gynaecological problems because of bodily domestic violence. Results: Overall 196 pregnant females were selected in review, mean age was 26.32±4.36 yrs. On assessment of maternal outcome females were presented as; preterm labor in 34.2% females, Antepartum hemorrhage in 25.5%. On fetal outcome Miscarriage in 31.1%, intrauterine mortality (IUD) in 15.3%, Stimulated miscarriage in 12.8%, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in 12.8%, Neonatal mortality (NND) in 9.2% & Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission was seen in 18.9% cases. It was found that the age, socio-economic status, maternal education, occupational status, education of husband, addiction of husband, parity, physical and psychological forms of violence, marriage duration, were significantly associated with maternal and fetal outcome (p value < 0.05) due to bodily domestic violent behavior. Conclusion: We concluded that domestic violence during the course of pregnancy has been identified as being a significant factor affecting health of mother and fetus.
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Spaccarelli, Steve, J. Douglas Coatsworth, and Blake Sperry Bowden. "Exposure to Serious Family Violence Among Incarcerated Boys: Its Association With Violent Offending and Potential Mediating Variables." Violence and Victims 10, no. 3 (1995): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.10.3.163.
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A sample of 213 delinquent male adolescents (mean age = 16.1) were compared on interview-based measures concerning exposure to interadult family violence and physical abuse, attitudes toward aggression, self-reported competence, and coping strategies. Using juvenile arrest data and self-reports of violent behaviors, the sample was divided into four groups: “Violent Offenders,” “Undetected Violent Offenders,” “Violent Deniers,” and “Controls.” Results indicated that violent offenders and undetected violent offenders had higher rates of exposure to serious physical abuse, and weapons violence between adults, than controls and deniers. A series of 2 x 2 ANOVAs further indicated that exposure to serious violence was associated with lower self-reported competence, attitudes more supportive of aggression, and more use of aggressive control as a form of coping. Logistic regression analyses were also consistent with the hypothesis that the effects of exposure to family violence on serious violent offending are mediated by beliefs supporting aggression and by the tendency to cope through aggressive control-seeking. Implications of these results for future research concerning exposure to family violence as a risk factor for serious violent offending are discussed.
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Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Catherine Chojenta, and Deborah J. Loxton. "Gender-Based Violence Perpetration by Male High School Students in Eastern Ethiopia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (2020): 5536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155536.
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Gender-based violence (GBV) perpetration is a global public health problem due to its detrimental effect on health and education. This study aims to determine the prevalence of gender-based violence perpetration by male students in eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in eastern Ethiopia in December 2018. A total of 1064 male students were involved in the study. Data were collected using an adaptation of the WHO Multi-Country Study self-administered questionnaire on the Women Health and Life Event. Descriptive statistics were calculated using STATA version 14. The prevalence of gender-based violence committed by a male in the last 12 months was 55.83% (95% CI: 52.84–58.82%). The prevalence of emotional abuse against an intimate or non-partner was 45.86% (95% CI: 42.87–48.86%), physical abuse was 45.77% (95% CI: 42.77–48.77%), and sexual abuse was 31.11% (95% CI: 28.32–33.90%). The perpetration of multiple types of gender-based violence (emotional, physical, and sexual) was 47.15% (95% CI: 43.15–51.25%), with 17.72% (95% CI: 14.75–21.03%) reporting emotionally and physically violent acts, 14.21% (95% CI: 11.51–17.27%) reporting emotionally violent acts only, and 12.88% (95% CI: 10.29–15.82%) reporting physically violent acts only. There were statistically significant differences between the age of participants who committed acts of all forms of GBV in the “ever” timeframe and the past 12 months (p < 0.001). Effective prevention and intervention strategies should be developed at the school level to reduce gender-based violence perpetration.
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Decker, Michele R., Lorie Benning, Kathleen M. Weber, et al. "Physical and Sexual Violence Predictors." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 51, no. 5 (2016): 731–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.07.005.
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Rollins, Boyd C., and Yaw Oheneba-Sakyi. "Physical violence in Utah households." Journal of Family Violence 5, no. 4 (1990): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00979066.
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Bartusevičius, Henrikas. "Physical strength predicts political violence." Evolution and Human Behavior 42, no. 5 (2021): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2021.03.006.
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Temple, Jeff R., Rebecca Weston, and Linda L. Marshall. "Physical and Mental Health Outcomes of Women in Nonviolent, Unilaterally Violent, and Mutually Violent Relationships." Violence and Victims 20, no. 3 (2005): 335–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.20.3.335.
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Despite equivocal findings on whether men or women are more violent, the negative impact of violence is greatest for women. To determine how gender asymmetry in perpetration affects women’s health status, we conducted a study in two phases with 835 African American, Euro-American, and Mexican American low-income women in Project HOW: Health Outcomes of Women. In Phase 1, we used severity and frequency of women’s and male partners’ violence to create six groups: nonviolent (NV), uni-directional male (UM) perpetrator, uni-directional female (UF) perpetrator and, when both partners were violent, symmetrical (SYM), male primary perpetrator (MPP), and female primary perpetrator (FPP). The MPP group sustained the most threats, violence, sexual aggression, and psychological abuse. They also reported the most fear. Injury was highest in the MPP and FPP groups. In Phase 2, we examined group differences in women’s health status over time for 535 participants, who completed five annual interviews. Surprisingly, women’s health in the MPP and FPP violence groups was similar and generally worse than if violence was uni-directional.
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Verstegen, Nienke, Vivienne de Vogel, Anneloes Huitema, Robert Didden, and Henk Nijman. "Physical Violence During Mandatory Psychiatric Treatment: Prevalence and Patient Characteristics." Criminal Justice and Behavior 47, no. 7 (2020): 771–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820924691.
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This study explores variables that predict physical violence in 614 (forensic) psychiatric inpatients. All violent incidents that occurred in a Dutch forensic psychiatric hospital between 2014 and 2019 ( N = 3,713) were coded with the Modified Overt Aggression Scale+ based on daily hospital reports and patients’ medical records. Binary logistic regression analyses examined which patient variables could differentiate between patients with and without physical violence during treatment and between patients with single and multiple incidents of physical violence. Variables included in the analyses were gender, legal status, borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorder, psychopathy (Psychopathy Checklist–Revised [PCL-R] score), self-harm during treatment, impulsivity, intellectual disability, and length of stay. A clear association was found between self-harm and inpatient physical violence on all outcome measures and in all analyses. Adequate monitoring of self-harm is advised as a strategy to early identify patients with a high risk to threaten ward safety.
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Cheung, Kin, Shirley SY Ching, Samuel Hung Nam Cheng, and Simone Sin Man Ho. "Prevalence and impact of clinical violence towards nursing students in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (2019): e027385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027385.
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ObjectivesStudies of violence towards nursing students (NSs) have been scattered mainly in the West and Middle East, but to date there have been no studies in Eastern countries. Differences in nursing education systems and cultures might have contributed to variations in incidences of clinical violence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence, associated factors and impact of clinical violence to NSs.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey study. Convenience sampling was used to recruit university NSs from March to June 2012 in classroom settings in Hong Kong. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used to collect the data. 1297 questionnaires were distributed and 1017 NSs completed questionnaires, with a response rate of 78.41%.ResultsOf the 1017 NSs, 37.3% (n=379) reported having experienced clinical violence during their nursing studies. The prevalence of verbal abuse (30.6%) was significantly greater than that of physical violence (16.5%). The perpetrators of verbal abuse were predominantly patients (66.8%), hospital staff (29.7%), university supervisors (13.4%) and patients’ relatives (13.2%). Patients (91.0%) were the greatest source of physically violent assaults. Compared with those who had experienced physical violence, the NSs who had experienced verbal abuse were more likely not to take action, and not to stop or report the incident, but were also more likely to tell their friends/families. Although the negative effects on emotions, clinical performance and the extent to which they were disturbed by the violence were significantly greater for verbal abuse than that for physical violence, their intention to leave the nursing profession after experiencing either verbal or physical violence was significantly higher after than before the experience (p<0.001).ConclusionsOur results found a moderately high prevalence of clinical violence among NSs. Provision and/or reinforcement of appropriate training about clinical violence in the nursing curricula is necessary.
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Jeandarme, Inge, Ciska Wittouck, Freya Vander Laenen, Claudia Pouls, T. I. Oei, and Stefan Bogaerts. "Risk Factors Associated With Inpatient Violence During Medium Security Treatment." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 17 (2016): 3711–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516670884.
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Violence is a common phenomenon both in regular and forensic psychiatric settings, and has a profound impact on staff and other patients. Insight into the individual risk factors associated with violence in forensic psychiatric settings is rare and is therefore the subject of this research. A retrospective file study in three medium security units in Flanders was conducted to compare non-violent inpatients with inpatients who engaged in (verbal and physical) violent behavior. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to examine which variables contributed independently to the risk of violence. The results showed that absconding during treatment was independently associated with physical violence. A personality disorder diagnosis and general non-compliance with treatment were associated with verbal violence. Both types of violence predicted early termination of treatment. Contrary to previous research, the results from the risk assessment tools were not associated with inpatient violence. Clinical implications are discussed and include, among others, that clinicians should remain vigilant for early warning signs of non-compliance during treatment.
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Souza, Anna Paula Lima de, MARGARET OLINDA DE SOUZA CARVALHO E LIRA, Maria de Fátima Alves Aguiar Carvalho, et al. "Imagem corporal de mulheres que sofreram violência física." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 12, no. 9 (2018): 2276. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v12i9a236462p2276-2282-2018.
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RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as repercussões da violência física na imagem corporal da mulher. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório desenvolvido com cinco mulheres acompanhadas pelo Centro de Atenção à Mulher em situação de violência. Os dados foram produzidos a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados pela técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: dos discursos, emergiram quatro Ideias Centrais Síntese - Repercussões da violência na imagem corporal da mulher; Associação do local da lesão e imagem corporal; Adoecimento físico e Adoecimento mental. Conclusão: a violência física sofrida por parceiro íntimo afetou a autoimagem e desencadeou o adoecimento físico e emocional das participantes, sendo necessário, às equipes interprofissionais no atendimento à mulher que sofreu violência física, um olhar sensível e solidário no planejamento e na execução do cuidado de forma a não se limitar ao tratamento das lesões físicas. Descritores: Violência Contra a Mulher; Violência por Parceiro Íntimo; Ferimentos e Lesões; Imagem Corporal; Autoimagem; Violência Doméstica.ABSTRACTObjective: to understand the repercussions of physical violence on women's body image. Method: qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study developed with five women accompanied by the Center for Women 's Attention in a situation of violence. The data were produced from semi-structured interviews and analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse technique. Results: from the discourses, four Central Ideas Synthesis emerged - Repercussions of violence in the body image of the woman; Association of lesion site and body image; Physical dehydration and Mental exhaustion. Conclusion: the physical violence suffered by an intimate partner affected the self-image and triggered the physical and emotional illness of the participants, being necessary, the interprofessional teams in the care of the woman who suffered physical violence, a sensitive and supportive look in the planning and execution of the care of not be limited to the treatment of physical injuries. Descriptors: Violence Against Women; Intimate Partner Violence; Injury and Injury; Body image; Self-image; Domestic violence. Descriptors: Violence Against Women; Intimate Partner Violence; Wounds and Injuries; Body Image; Self Concept; Domestic Violence.RESUMENObjetivo: comprender las repercusiones de la violencia física en la imagen corporal de la mujer. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, desarrollado con cinco mujeres acompañadas por el Centro de Atención a la Mujer en situación de violencia. Los datos fueron producidos a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas y analizados por la técnica del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados: de los discursos surgieron cuatro Ideas Centrales Síntesis - Repercusiones de la violencia en la imagen corporal de la mujer; Asociación del lugar de la lesión e imagen corporal; Enfermedad física y Enfermedad mental. Conclusión: la violencia física sufrida por un socio íntimo afectó la autoimagen y desencadenó enfermedad física y emocional de las participantes, siendo necesario, a los equipos interprofesionales en la atención a la mujer que sufrió violencia física, una mirada sensible y solidaria en la planificación y en la ejecución del cuidado de forma que no se limita al tratamiento de las lesiones físicas. Descriptores: Violencia Contra la Mujer; Violencia de Pareja; Heridas y Lesiones; Imagen Corporal; Autoimagen; Violencia Doméstica.
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Baxendale, Sarah, Leanne Lester, Robyn Johnston, and Donna Cross. "Risk factors in adolescents’ involvement in violent behaviours." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 7, no. 1 (2015): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-09-2013-0025.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine risk factors associated with Western Australian secondary school students’ involvement in violence-related behaviours. Design/methodology/approach – This cross-sectional study examined data collected using an anonymous self-completion questionnaire from 542 school students aged 13-17 years. The questionnaire measured risk factors associated with being a perpetrator and/or victim of violence-related behaviours. Findings – Gender was significantly associated with being a victim and perpetrator of violence-related behaviours. Males were significantly more likely than females to be a victim of threatening and physical violence at school, and to be a perpetrator of physical violence at school and in the community. Males were significantly more likely than females to watch violent media, with exposure to violent media associated with physically hurting someone at school. Students involved in greater acts of animal cruelty had increased odds of being involved in all forms of the violence measured. Research limitations/implications – Limitations such as the cross-sectional nature of the study and the small sample size are noted, along with suggestions for future research. Practical implications – Implications of the research for practitioners working with adolescents, with a particular focus on the school setting, are discussed. Originality/value – Most previously published research on adolescent involvement in violence has been conducted outside Australia, and as such, may not be directly applicable to the experiences of young people in Western Australia.
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Viñas-Racionero, Rosa, Chitra Raghavan, Miguel Ángel Soria-Verde, and Remei Prat-Santaolaria. "The Association Between Stalking and Violence in a Sample of Spanish Partner Violence Cases." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 61, no. 5 (2016): 561–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x15598165.
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The present descriptive study analyzes stalking in a sample of 278 Spanish court cases involving partner violence and contrasts the benefits of the new bill article 172ter, which criminalizes stalking, compared with the Organic Law 1/2004 on partner violence. Thirty-seven percent (37%) of the total sample included stalking behaviors, which manifested in intimidatory (60%) and controlling (45%) unwanted verbal communications (62%) and physical approaches (42%) that ended violently in a third of the cases (35%). Cases involving violent stalking, non-violent stalking, and physical violence without stalking were compared. A closer look at violent stalking cases uncovered that intimacy-seeking stalking behavior was concurrent with face-to-face aggression with a sharp object, whereas pursuit/control and invasive behavior were associated with property invasion and damage. Data not only support the contention that stalking should be criminalized regardless of the type of stalking behavior but also indicate that differences in the behavior might warrant different management interventions.
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Hasan, Mutia, Achmad Musyahid, and Abdi Wijaya. "ISLAMIC LAW VIEWS ON HARSH PHYSICAL PARENTING: A Comparative Study." Al-Risalah Jurnal Ilmu Syariah dan Hukum 20, no. 2 (2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.v20i2.19968.
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This research aims to educate children in ordering prayers in Islam and then analyze it in the child protection law. However, in general, Islam places more emphasis on gentleness, patience, and compassion than on violent ways in educating children, although in some instances showing disbelief and opposing children's mistakes is necessary, of course, correctly and appropriately. In the concept of Islamic law, violence has become an enjoyable theme to discuss. On the one hand, there is a hadith from the Prophet about educating children, which, if understood textually, raises the public perception of the necessity of violence in educating children. The Child Protection Law aims to guarantee and protect children and their rights to live, grow, develop and participate optimally following human dignity and protection from violence and discrimination.Keywords: Islamic Law; Prayer; Child Protection Act
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Maguire, Brian J., Matthew Browne, Barbara J. O’Neill, Michael T. Dealy, Darryl Clare, and Peter O’Meara. "International Survey of Violence Against EMS Personnel: Physical Violence Report." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, no. 5 (2018): 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18000870.
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AbstractIntroductionEach year, Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel respond to over 30 million calls for assistance in the United States alone. These EMS personnel have a rate of occupational fatality comparable to firefighters and police, and a rate of non-fatal injuries that is higher than the rates for police and firefighters and much higher than the national average for all workers. In Australia, no occupational group has a higher injury or fatality rate than EMS personnel. Emergency Medical Services personnel in the US have a rate of occupational violence injuries that is about 22-times higher than the average for all workers. On average, more than one EMS provider in the US is killed every year in an act of violence.Hypothesis/ObjectiveThe objective of this epidemiological study was to identify the risks and factors associated with work-related physical violence against EMS personnel internationally.MethodsAn online survey, based on a tool developed by the World Health Organization (WHO; Geneva, Switzerland), collected responses from April through November 2016.ResultsThere were 1,778 EMS personnel respondents from 13 countries; 69% were male and 54% were married. Around 55% described their primary EMS work location as “urban.” Approximately 68% described their employer as a “public provider.” The majority of respondents were from the US.When asked “Have you ever been physically attacked while on-duty?” 761 (65%) of the 1,172 who answered the question answered “Yes.” In almost 10% (67) of those incidents, the perpetrator used a weapon. Approximately 90% of the perpetrators were patients and around five percent were patient family members. The influence of alcohol and drugs was prevalent. Overall, men experienced more assaults than women, and younger workers experienced more assaults than older workers.Conclusions:In order to develop and implement measures to increase safety, EMS personnel must be involved with the research and implementation process. Furthermore, EMS agencies must work with university researchers to quantify agency-level risks and to develop, test, and implement interventions in such a way that they can be reliably evaluated and the results published in peer-reviewed journals.MaguireBJ, BrowneM, O’NeillBJ, DealyMT, ClareD, O’MearaP. International survey of violence against EMS personnel: physical violence report. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(5):526–531.
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Kurniawan, Lely Setyawati, Luh Nyoman Alit Aryani, Grace Noviana Chandra, Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa, and Christopher Ryalino. "Victims of Physical Violence Have a Higher Risk to Be Perpetrators: A Study in High School Students Population." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 21 (2019): 3679–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.797.
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BACKGROUND: Violence experienced by a person can trigger mental disorders. It was reported that 1 in 4 children in the world had experienced severe and sustained physical violence. The form of violence varies from various bullying actions that seem mild, to deadly physical violence.
AIM: This study aimed to see the association between the victim and perpetrator of violence in high school students.
METHODS: A Hundred and Forty-Four high school students were chosen by stratified random sampling. They were assessed using Hurt, Insulted, threatened with harm, and Screamed (HITS) assessment tool. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were used in this analysis, along with a cross-tabulation table.
RESULTS: Out of the 144 subjects, 66 (45.8%) admitted that they experienced violence in different gradations. A total of 34 (47.2%) respondents revealed that the perpetrators of the most frequent acts of violence were either one or both of their parents. The odds ratio (OR) of the subjects who experienced violence to commit violence is 3.571 (Confidence Interval (CI) 95% = 1.792-7.120).
CONCLUSION: More than 60% of high school students who experienced acts of violence turned out to experience more than one type of violence. The most frequent perpetrators of violence are the parents (47.2%), followed by friends and siblings. Those who experienced violent acts are 3.5 times more likely to become a perpetrator of violence.
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Al Rimawi, Zakia, Tayseer Abdullah, and Omar Al Rimawi. "Relationship between Cognitive Style (Impulsivity / Reflectivity) and Violence of the Tenth Grade Students in the Governorate of Ramallah and Al Bireh in Palestine." Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS] 9, no. 1 (2015): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol9iss1pp24-37.
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The study aimed to explore the relationship between cognitive style (impulsivity/reflectivity) and violence. It also aimed to know the significance of some variables, such as gender, place of residence, and type of school, in the cognitive style (impulsivity/reflectivity) and violence among students of tenth grade in the governorate of Ramallah and Al Bireh. The study sample, was randomly selected (N = 190, 86 males and 104 females). The Familiar Figure Test (Faramawi, 1986) and a specifically designed questionnaire to assess violence were used. The results indicated no relationship between impulsivity/reflectivity and violence. However, there were significant differences in cognitive method (impulsivity/reflectivity) due to gender and place of residence. While, there was no significant difference due to school type. There were differences in verbal violence, physical violence and violence toward property attributable to gender and in favour of males. Private schools were more physically violent than public schools.
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Mezey, Nancy J., Lori A. Post, and Christopher D. Maxwell. "Redefining intimate partner violence: women’s experiences with physical violence and non‐physical abuse by age." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 22, no. 7/8 (2002): 122–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443330210790120.
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Al-Modallal, Hanan, Rola Mudallal, Sanaa Abujilban, Shaher Hamaideh, and Lina Mrayan. "Physical violence in college women: Psychometric evaluation of the safe dates-physical violence victimization scale." Health Care for Women International 41, no. 8 (2020): 949–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2020.1806281.
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Malik, Misbah, Sumaira Munawar, and Khadija Sittar. "Perceptions of Elementary School Teachers about Effect of Physical and Emotional Violence on Students' Performance." Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 6, no. 2 (2020): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v6i2.1170.
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Physical and emotional violence has become a serious problem in schools. Teachers are important part of the whole education system, therefore, their insights into school violence are essential to understand the problem. This study aimed to investigate the teachers’ perceptions about the effect of physical and emotional violence on students’ academic performance. A causal-comparative research design based on a cross-sectional survey was used. A self-developed and validated questionnaire was used to measure the level of teachers’ perceptions about physical and emotional violence and its effect on students’ academic performance. The reliability index (Cronbach’s alpha) of the questionnaire was 0.92. All the teachers of the public high schools of Lahore city were the population of the study. A sample of 300 teachers was taken through simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed by applying descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that teachers thought that many practices related to emotional and physical violence had positive effects on students’ performance. Majority of the teachers responded that they had to use many of the practices in order to put students’ attention towards their learning which ultimately improved their performance. Result of correlation analysis also confirmed that teachers’ practices related to physical and emotional violence were positively associated with students’ academic performance. It was also found that the physical and emotional violence was a significant predictor of students’ academic performance. On the basis of these results, it is recommended that school education department should conduct seminars and training workshops to educate teachers about negative effects of violent practices they are using to improve students’ performance.
Keywords: Emotional violence, physical violence, academic performance
Physical and emotional violence has become a serious problem in schools. Teachers are important part of the whole education system, therefore, their insights into school violence are essential to understand the problem. This study aimed to investigate the teachers’ perceptions about the effect of physical and emotional violence on students’ academic performance. A causal-comparative research design based on a cross-sectional survey was used. A self-developed and validated questionnaire was used to measure the level of teachers’ perceptions about physical and emotional violence and its effect on students’ academic performance. The reliability index (Cronbach’s alpha) of the questionnaire was 0.92. All the teachers of the public high schools of Lahore city were the population of the study. A sample of 300 teachers was taken through simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed by applying descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that teachers thought that many practices related to emotional and physical violence had positive effects on students’ performance. Majority of the teachers responded that they had to use many of the practices in order to put students’ attention towards their learning which ultimately improved their performance. Result of correlation analysis also confirmed that teachers’ practices related to physical and emotional violence were positively associated with students’ academic performance. It was also found that the physical and emotional violence was a significant predictor of students’ academic performance. On the basis of these results, it is recommended that school education department should conduct seminars and training workshops to educate teachers about negative effects of violent practices they are using to improve students’ performance.
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Orengo-Aguayo, Rosaura E., and Erika Lawrence. "Missing the Trees for the Forest: Understanding Aggression Among Physically Victimized Women." Partner Abuse 5, no. 3 (2014): 297–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.5.3.297.
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Research on physically victimized women’s aggression has focused on distal predictors and correlates of aggression and on women’s self-reported motivations for their aggression. The absence of examinations of contextual predictors of women’s intimate partner violence has resulted in a limited understanding of the proximal circumstances in which physically victimized women perpetrate aggression. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the situational contexts in which physically victimized women use physical aggression in their relationships by analyzing a detailed narrative of a specific violent episode. Women were significantly more likely to use physical aggression under the following conditions: (a) when they were the first to initiate the physical aggression; (b) when their partners engaged in either moderate or severe violence as opposed to extremely severe physical violence; (c) when their partners were sober as opposed to drunk or high; and (d) when they were experiencing a specific emotion as opposed to a combination of emotions such as fear, anger, and sadness. Women’s motivations for being aggressive were moderated by their partners’ severity of aggression. When men perpetrated moderate physical aggression, women’s aggression was largely emotion-driven. When men engaged in severe physical aggression, women’s physical aggression was motivated by a combination of wanting to retaliate and emotional arousal. When men engaged in extremely severe physical aggression, there was a trend for women’s physical aggression to be motivated primarily by self-defense. These results suggest that the context of a specific argument is important in understanding why physically victimized women perpetrate aggression.