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Journal articles on the topic 'Physical weathering processes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lomborinchen, R. "Periglacial processes and physical (frost) weathering in northern Mongolia." Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 9, no. 2 (1998): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1530(199804/06)9:2<185::aid-ppp279>3.0.co;2-8.

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Begonha, A., and M. A. Sequeira Braga. "Weathering of the Oporto granite: geotechnical and physical properties." CATENA 49, no. 1-2 (2002): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0341-8162(02)00016-4.

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3

Wilson, M. J. "Weathering of the primary rock-forming minerals: processes, products and rates." Clay Minerals 39, no. 3 (2004): 233–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855043930133.

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AbstractThis paper describes the ways in which the major rock-forming primary minerals (olivine, pyroxenes, amphiboles, feldspars, micas and chlorites) break down during weathering, the products that develop during this breakdown and the rates at which this breakdown occurs. The perspective chosen to illustrate this vast topic is that of the residual soil weathering profile. Different physical and chemical conditions characterize the various parts of such a profile. Thus, in the slightly weathered rock at the base of the profile, mineral weathering will take place in microfissures and narrow s

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Burke, Benjamin C., Arjun M. Heimsath, Jean L. Dixon, John Chappell, and Kyungsoo Yoo. "Weathering the escarpment: chemical and physical rates and processes, south-eastern Australia." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 34, no. 6 (2009): 768–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1764.

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Finlay, Roger D., Shahid Mahmood, Nicholas Rosenstock, et al. "Reviews and syntheses: Biological weathering and its consequences at different spatial levels – from nanoscale to global scale." Biogeosciences 17, no. 6 (2020): 1507–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1507-2020.

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Abstract. Plant nutrients can be recycled through microbial decomposition of organic matter but replacement of base cations and phosphorus, lost through harvesting of biomass/biofuels or leaching, requires de novo supply of fresh nutrients released through weathering of soil parent material (minerals and rocks). Weathering involves physical and chemical processes that are modified by biological activity of plants, microorganisms and animals. This article reviews recent progress made in understanding biological processes contributing to weathering. A perspective of increasing spatial scale is a

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Kovářová, Kateřina, and Zdenek Pala. "The Influence of Mineralogical Composition Changes of Sandstone Cement on Physical-Mechanical Properties." Advanced Materials Research 923 (April 2014): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.923.71.

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The aim of the contribution is to present the results of research focused on cement mineralogical composition changes and their influence on physical-mechanical properties of sandstones. Three types of Czech sandstones were tested during this experiment Hořice, Kocběře and Božanov. The sandstone samples were treated in the climatic chamber in order to simulate weathering processes that are typical for winter period in Prague. The influence of road salts was also taken into consideration. For the purposes of mineralogical changes determination the sandstone cement was separated and subsequently

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7

Bottrell, Simon H. "Redistribution of uranium by physical processes during weathering and implications for radon production." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 15, no. 1 (1993): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00146289.

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8

Walsh, Joan Anne. "Modelling the physical and chemical changes in roofing slate caused by weathering processes." Environmental Geology 56, no. 3-4 (2008): 561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1526-3.

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Song, Changshun, Hongbing Ji, Howard Omar Beckford, Cheng Chang, and Shijie Wang. "Assessment of chemical weathering and physical erosion along a hillslope, southwest China." CATENA 182 (November 2019): 104133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104133.

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10

Opolot, E., and P. A. Finke. "Evaluating sensitivity of silicate mineral dissolution rates to physical weathering using a soil evolution model (SoilGen2.25)." Biogeosciences 12, no. 22 (2015): 6791–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-6791-2015.

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Abstract. Silicate mineral dissolution rates depend on the interaction of a number of factors categorized either as intrinsic (e.g. mineral surface area, mineral composition) or extrinsic (e.g. climate, hydrology, biological factors, physical weathering). Estimating the integrated effect of these factors on the silicate mineral dissolution rates therefore necessitates the use of fully mechanistic soil evolution models. This study applies a mechanistic soil evolution model (SoilGen) to explore the sensitivity of silicate mineral dissolution rates to the integrated effect of other soil-forming p

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Opolot, E., and P. A. Finke. "Evaluating sensitivity of silicate mineral dissolution rates to physical weathering using a soil evolution model (SoilGen2.25)." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 16 (2015): 13887–929. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-13887-2015.

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Abstract. Silicate mineral dissolution rates depend on the interaction of a number of factors categorized either as intrinsic (e.g. mineral surface area, mineral composition) or extrinsic (e.g. climate, hydrology, biological factors, physical weathering). Estimating the integrated effect of these factors on the silicate mineral dissolution rates therefore necessitates the use of fully mechanistic soil evolution models. This study applies a mechanistic soil evolution model (SoilGen) to explore the sensitivity of silicate mineral dissolution rates to the integrated effect of other soil forming p

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12

Clinton Aloni and Chinago Budnuka Alexander. "Environmental impact of weathering and soil formation in geomorphological research." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 3 (2020): 047–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0399.

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Weathering is a part of geomorphic processes leading to the disintegration and decomposition of rocks and minerals on the earth’s surface as a result of physical and chemical action that leads to the formation of soil being a most vital natural resource of rock weathering. Development of soils in an environment enhances plants dependence on it for growth, and man depends directly or indirectly on plants for food, thus the functions of soil as a fundamental interface, providing an excellent example of the integration among many parts of the earth system. Hence, geomorphology research being base

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Liu, Zhifei, Christophe Colin, Alain Trentesaux, et al. "Late Quaternary climatic control on erosion and weathering in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Mekong Basin." Quaternary Research 63, no. 3 (2005): 316–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.02.005.

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High-resolution siliciclastic grain size and bulk mineralogy combined with clay mineralogy, rubidium, strontium, and neodymium isotopes of Core MD01-2393 collected off the Mekong River estuary in the southwestern South China Sea reveals a monsoon-controlled chemical weathering and physical erosion history during the last 190,000 yr in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Mekong Basin. The ranges of isotopic composition are limited throughout sedimentary records:87Sr/86Sr = 0.7206–0.7240 andεNd(0) = −11.1 to −12.1. These values match well to those of Mekong River sediments and they are considere

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Wang, Yanzhu, Xudong Wang, Xingye Zhou, Guang Yang, and Lei Zhang. "Evaluation of the Physical and Adhesive Properties of Natural Weathering Asphalt." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (January 2, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5783256.

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Asphalt suffers from a series of aging processes in the natural environment. This is a significant factor in asphalt pavement diseases. Research of the properties of the decay processes in the natural weathering of asphalt will be helpful in distinguishing the characteristics of the various types of asphalt and in the selection of pavement materials. Neat asphalt A70, a styrene-butadiene-styrene- (SBS-) modified asphalt, and crumb-rubber-modified asphalt AR are exposed to outdoor conditions to weather naturally. This process is traced by testing the basic physical properties and the surface fr

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Tucker, Gregory E., Scott W. McCoy, and Daniel E. J. Hobley. "A lattice grain model of hillslope evolution." Earth Surface Dynamics 6, no. 3 (2018): 563–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-6-563-2018.

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Abstract. This paper describes and explores a new continuous-time stochastic cellular automaton model of hillslope evolution. The Grain Hill model provides a computational framework with which to study slope forms that arise from stochastic disturbance and rock weathering events. The model operates on a hexagonal lattice, with cell states representing fluid, rock, and grain aggregates that are either stationary or in a state of motion in one of the six cardinal lattice directions. Cells representing near-surface soil material undergo stochastic disturbance events, in which initially stationary

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Polyakov, Vyacheslav, and Evgeny Abakumov. "Micromorphological Characteristic of Different-Aged Cryosols from the East Part of Lena River Delta, Siberia, Russia." Geosciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11030118.

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Micromorphological investigation of soils is a powerful tool for studying the transformation of soils under the influence of various weathering mechanisms. In the Arctic region, under the influence of seasonal freezing/thawing processes, cryohydration is the leading type of weathering. Soils of different-aged islands of the Lena River Delta were investigated. Thin sections of soils were analyzed using a polarizing microscope Leica DM750P (Leica Camera AG, Wetzlar, Germany). X-ray fluorescence analysis was used to determine the chemical composition of the soils. As a result of the work, the rat

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Emberson, Robert, Niels Hovius, Albert Galy, and Odin Marc. "Oxidation of sulfides and rapid weathering in recent landslides." Earth Surface Dynamics 4, no. 3 (2016): 727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-727-2016.

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Abstract. Linking together the processes of rapid physical erosion and the resultant chemical dissolution of rock is a crucial step in building an overall deterministic understanding of weathering in mountain belts. Landslides, which are the most volumetrically important geomorphic process at these high rates of erosion, can generate extremely high rates of very localised weathering. To elucidate how this process works we have taken advantage of uniquely intense landsliding, resulting from Typhoon Morakot, in the T'aimali River and surrounds in southern Taiwan. Combining detailed analysis of l

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18

Wang, Xunming, Diwen Cai, Bingqi Zhu, et al. "Dust-sized fractions from dustfall and physical weathering in the Gobi Desert." Aeolian Research 43 (April 2020): 100565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2020.100565.

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19

Zeng, Yan, Jingan Chen, Jule Xiao, and Liang Qi. "Non-residual Sr of the sediments in Daihai Lake as a good indicator of chemical weathering." Quaternary Research 79, no. 2 (2013): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.11.010.

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AbstractThe Rb/Sr ratio of lake sediments has been demonstrated to be a potential indicator of chemical weathering by increasing work. However, Rb and Sr in lake sediments are derived from both chemical weathering and physical erosion. Rb and Sr of different forms in lake sediments may record different environmental processes and information. In this study, the variation patterns of Rb and Sr of different forms in sediments of Daihai Lake were investigated. The results show that Rb and Sr of different forms display noticeably different variation patterns due to their different sources and asso

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20

TSUDA, Ryota, Kosaburo HIROSE, Morihisa UEHARA, and Hitoshi MATSUBARA. "FIELD- AND EXPERIMENTAL-BASED INVESTIGATION OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL WEATHERING PROCESSES IN SHIMAJIRI MUDSTONE." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. C (Geosphere Engineering) 75, no. 4 (2019): 386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejge.75.386.

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Jull, A. J. Timothy, Marlène D. Giscard, Aurore Hutzler, et al. "Radionuclide Studies of Stony Meteorites from Hot Deserts." Radiocarbon 55, no. 3 (2013): 1779–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200048682.

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We summarize the use of radiocarbon produced by spallation in meteorites in space to determine their terrestrial age or residence time. This “age” gives us important information as it can be compared to the rates of weathering and infall of meteorites. The processes that affect the collection of meteorites in a given area can be related to the rates of infall of new meteorites, and the rate of removal by chemical weathering and physical erosion.

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22

Anderson, Suzanne Prestrud, William E. Dietrich, and George H. Brimhall. "Weathering profiles, mass-balance analysis, and rates of solute loss: Linkages between weathering and erosion in a small, steep catchment." GSA Bulletin 114, no. 9 (2002): 1143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<1143:wpmbaa>2.0.co;2.

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Abstract In a headwater catchment in the Oregon Coast Range, we find that solid-phase mass losses due to chemical weathering are equivalent in the bedrock and the soil. However, the long-term rate of mass loss per unit volume of parent rock is greater in the soil than in the rock. We attribute this finding to the effects of biotic processes in the soil and to hydrologic conditions that maximize contact time and water flux through the mineral matrix in the soil. This result stems both from earlier work in which we demonstrated that rock and soil contribute equally to the solute flux and from ar

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23

Hilton, Melinda, Mandana Shaygan, Neil McIntyre, Thomas Baumgartl, and Mansour Edraki. "The Effect of Weathering on Salt Release from Coal Mine Spoils." Minerals 9, no. 12 (2019): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9120760.

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Coal mine spoils have the potential to create environmental impacts, such as salt load to surrounding environments, particularly when exposed to weathering processes. This study was conducted to understand the effect of physical and chemical weathering on the magnitude, rate, and dynamics of salt release from different coal mine spoils. Five spoil samples from three mines in Queensland were sieved to three different particle size fractions (<2 mm, 2–6 mm, and >6 mm). Two samples were dispersive spoils, and three samples were nondispersive spoils. The spoils were subjected to seven wet–dr

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Benavente, David, Marli de Jongh, and Juan Carlos Cañaveras. "Weathering Processes and Mechanisms Caused by Capillary Waters and Pigeon Droppings on Porous Limestones." Minerals 11, no. 1 (2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010018.

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This investigation studies the physical and chemical effect of salt weathering on biocalcarenites and biocalcrudites in the Basilica of Our Lady of Succour (Aspe, Spain). Weathering patterns are the result of salty rising capillary water and water lixiviated from pigeon droppings. Surface modifications and features induced by material loss are observable in the monument. Formation of gypsum, hexahydrite, halite, aphthitalite and arcanite is associated with rising capillary water, and niter, hydroxyapatite, brushite, struvite, weddellite, oxammite and halite with pigeon droppings. Humberstonite

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Adhikari, Puspa L., Edward B. Overton, Martin S. Miles, and Roberto L. Wong. "How much oil is actually removed by evaporation, photo-oxidation and microbial weathering?" International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (2017): 2017292. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.000292.

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Crude oil is a complex mixture of thousands of organic compounds including alkanes, aromatics, asphaltenes, resins and waxes. A number of physical, chemical and biological weathering processes, as well as, vertical sinking followed by burial in sediments act on oil once it is released into the marine waters. The weathering processes cause oil's initial concentration/composition to change into oil residues, and allow natural mechanisms for oxidation and conversion of reduced organic carbons in oil back to CO2 and biomass. Once the lighter compounds are gone due to weathering, and some new oxida

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Christner, Brent C., Heather F. Lavender, Christina L. Davis, et al. "Microbial processes in the weathering crust aquifer of a temperate glacier." Cryosphere 12, no. 11 (2018): 3653–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3653-2018.

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Abstract. Incident solar radiation absorbed within the ablation zone of glaciers generates a shallow perched aquifer and seasonal icebound microbial habitat. During the melt seasons of 2014 and 2015, borehole investigations were used to examine the physical, geochemical, and microbiological properties in the near-surface ice and aquifer of the temperate Matanuska Glacier (south-central Alaska). Based on temperature, solar forcing, and ice optical properties, the dissipation of shortwave radiation promoted internal melting and the formation of a weathering crust with a maximum depth of ∼2 m. Bo

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Yokoyama, Tadashi, and Yukinori Matsukura. "Field and laboratory experiments on weathering rates of granodiorite: Separation of chemical and physical processes." Geology 34, no. 10 (2006): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g22625.1.

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Mansur, Lamya, Alan Williams, Keith D. Bartle, and Mark W. Raynor. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INITIAL WEATHERING OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY FTIR SPECTROSCOPY AND SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (1989): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-427.

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ABSTRACT Chemical changes resulting from the weathering processes of oils have been investigated on a bench scale weathering apparatus. A multicomponent oil simulating crude oil was developed for this purpose. Hydrocarbon concentrations resulting from evaporation and dissolution were measured using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and interpreted by a computer program (CIRCOM), which uses the method of principal components regression for multicomponent quantitative analysis. This method could be fast and accurate for quantitative assessments of changes in chemical and physical pr

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Rani, Babitha, Avinash, Aravind, et al. "STUDY OF GEOLOGICAL CONDITION OF MELUKOTE REGION FOR FINDING THE SUITABILITY OF MINERALS AND ROCKS FOR CONSTRUCTION AND FINDING ECONOMICAL MINERALS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 4RASM (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i4rasm.2017.3362.

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A study was carried out to understand the geological condition in and around MELUKOTE region. THE MELUKOTE located in Mandya district, Karnataka. During the geological survey we have found different minerals and rocks such as Gneiss, foliated and non-foliated rocks, foliated schist, sedimentary rock (Breccia), metamorphic rocks, mica sheets, mica schist, pink granite gneiss rock, Biotite, muscovite, sillimanite. The samples collected were analyzed for various physical properties that is form, colour, streak, lustre, cleavage, fracture, hardness, specific gravity, chemical composition. Among al

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Marchi, S., P. Paolicchi, D. Nesvorný, S. Magrin, and M. Lazzarin. "Space weathering and tidal effects among near-Earth objects." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S236 (2006): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307003274.

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AbstractThe effect of the space weathering on the spectral properties of the S–complex asteroids (both Main Belt bodies and near–Earth asteroids) has been widely discussed in recent times. It has also shown that the evolution of spectral properties of planet–crossing bodies, and in particular of near–Earth asteroids (NEAs), is also affected by other physical processes, such as tidal resurfacing due to close encounters with planetary bodies. In this paper we show how to combine previous analyses with the purpose of obtaining a global model for NEAs space weathering.

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SANZ-MONTERO, M. ESTHER, and J. PABLO RODRÍGUEZ-ARANDA. "Silicate bioweathering and biomineralization in lacustrine microbialites: ancient analogues from the Miocene Duero Basin, Spain." Geological Magazine 146, no. 4 (2009): 527–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756808005906.

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AbstractThe Miocene dolomite-chert microbialites studied here offer a complete record of the geochemical cycles of silicate weathering and the subsequent formation of secondary products. The microbialites were formed in lacustrine systems during the Miocene of the Duero Basin, central Spain. Mineralogical, chemical and petrographic results provide evidence of the mediation of microbes in early weathering and by-product formation processes. Irrespective of the composition, the surfaces of the grains were subject to microbial attachment and concomitant weathering. Palaeo-weathering textures rang

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Li, Xiangying, Yongjian Ding, Qiao Liu, et al. "Intense Chemical Weathering at Glacial Meltwater-Dominated Hailuogou Basin in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau." Water 11, no. 6 (2019): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11061209.

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Climate warming has caused rapid shrinkage of glaciers in the Tibetan Plateau (TP), but the impact of glacier retreat on the chemical denudation rate remains largely unknown at the temperate glacial basins. The chemical weathering processes were examined at a temperate glacial basin (HLG) in the southeastern TP based on comprehensive data from the supraglacial meltwater, proglacial river water, precipitation and groundwater over two glacier melt seasons in 2008 and 2013. The concentrations of major ions and suspended sediments in river water exhibit a pronounced seasonality and display a close

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Guyomarc'h, Julien, Estelle Morin, Arnaud Goutard, and François-X. Merlin. "EXPERIMENTAL OIL WEATHERING STUDIES IN HYDRAULIC CANAL AND OPEN POOL TO PREDICT OILS BEHAVIOR IN CASE OF CASUAL SPILLAGE." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, no. 2 (2001): 1541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-1541.

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ABSTRACT When spilled at sea, a crude oil is subjected to weathering processes such as evaporation, emulsification, dispersion and photooxidation, which occur under the influence of natural conditions. According to its weathering stage, the oil is continuously changing in terms of chemical composition and physical properties. Understanding and predicting these transformations is a key element in evaluating the potential impacts, optimizing response options and implementing the emergency response plan to spillage. The objective of this study was to get experimental data on the behavior of crude

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Legates, David R., Rezaul Mahmood, Delphis F. Levia, et al. "Soil moisture: A central and unifying theme in physical geography." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 35, no. 1 (2010): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133310386514.

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Soil moisture is a critical component of the earth system and plays an integrative role among the various subfields of physical geography. This paper highlights not just how soil moisture affects atmospheric, geomorphic, hydrologic, and biologic processes but that it lies at the intersection of these areas of scientific inquiry. Soil moisture impacts earth surface processes in such a way that it creates an obvious synergistic relationship among the various subfields of physical geography. The dispersive and cohesive properties of soil moisture also make it an important variable in regional and

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Pospíšil, J., Z. Horák, J. Pilař, S. Nešpurek, N. C. Billingham, and W. D. Habicher. "Effect of Testing Conditions on Performance and Durability of Stabilisers in Plastics." Polymers and Polymer Composites 11, no. 2 (2003): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110301100203.

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The accelerated thermal aging and weathering of stabilised plastics provides information on stabiliser efficiency and polymer durability more quickly than natural testing. This allows the monitoring of the material properties of plastics in the foreseen application environment and the development of new stabilisation formulations. The harshness of the testing method affects the individual processes involved regarding their activation energies and mechanisms, the physical relations in the polymer – stabiliser system, and the chemical and physical processes accounting for the consumption of stab

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Alves, Carlos, Carlos Figueiredo, António Maurício, and Luís Aires-Barros. "Susceptibility of Limestone Petrographic Features to Salt Weathering: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, no. 5 (2013): 1231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613001591.

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AbstractSalt weathering is a major erosive process affecting porous materials in buildings. There have been attempts to relate erosive mass loss to physical characteristics of materials, but in the case of natural stone it is necessary to consider the effect of petrographic features that are a source of heterogeneity. In this paper, we use scanning electron microscopy before and after salt weathering tests in cubic specimens of three limestone types (two grainstones and a travertine) in an attempt to built conceptual models that relate petrographic features and salt weathering susceptibility (

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Rasmussen, Dorte. "OIL SPILL MODELING—A TOOL FOR CLEANUP OPERATIONS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1985, no. 1 (1985): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-243.

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ABSTRACT This study, carried out at the VKI, the Water Quality Institute, Denmark, includes development of an oil spill weathering model, which can be combined with a transport model to produce an operational oil spill model. The weathering model consists of three modules: a mass transport module, a heat transport module, and a module computing physical and chemical properties of the oil slick. The mass transport module takes the following processes into account: spreading, horizontal and vertical dispersion, evaporation, emulsification, and upwelling of dispersed oil droplets. The heat transp

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Nicholson, Dawn T., and Frank H. Nicholson. "Physical deterioration of sedimentary rocks subjected to experimental freeze-thaw weathering." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 25, no. 12 (2000): 1295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1096-9837(200011)25:12<1295::aid-esp138>3.0.co;2-e.

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Welivitiya, W. D. Dimuth P., Garry R. Willgoose, Greg R. Hancock, and Sagy Cohen. "Exploring the sensitivity on a soil area-slope-grading relationship to changes in process parameters using a pedogenesis model." Earth Surface Dynamics 4, no. 3 (2016): 607–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-607-2016.

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Abstract. This paper generalises the physical dependence of the relationship between contributing area, local slope, and the surface soil grading using a pedogenesis model and allows an exploration of soilscape self-organisation. A parametric study was carried out using different parent materials, erosion, and weathering mechanisms. These simulations confirmed the generality of the area-slope-d50 relationship. The relationship is also true for other statistics of soil grading (e.g. d10,d90) and robust for different depths within the profile. For small area-slope regimes (i.e. hillslopes with s

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Newman, William A., Richard C. Berg, Peter S. Rosen, and Herbert D. Glass. "Pleistocene Stratigraphy of the Boston Harbor Drumlins, Massachusetts." Quaternary Research 34, no. 2 (1990): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(90)90027-i.

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AbstractEvidence from the Boston Harbor drumlins indicates that two superposed tills were deposited during glacier advances which were separated by a long nonglacial interval. At Long and Peddocks Islands, argillans and truncated clay-filled fractures, along with discontinuities in clay-mineral composition, define the till contacts. Physical indicators separating the tills are not apparent at other exposures, where till boundaries were defined solely by discontinuities in clay-mineral composition. The weathering profile in the upper part of the lower till indicates extensive weathering under a

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Hayes, Jorden L., Clifford S. Riebe, W. Steven Holbrook, Brady A. Flinchum, and Peter C. Hartsough. "Porosity production in weathered rock: Where volumetric strain dominates over chemical mass loss." Science Advances 5, no. 9 (2019): eaao0834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao0834.

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Weathering in the critical zone causes volumetric strain and mass loss, thereby creating subsurface porosity that is vital to overlying ecosystems. We used geochemical and geophysical measurements to quantify the relative importance of volumetric strain and mass loss---the physical and chemical components of porosity---in weathering of granitic saprolite of the southern Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Porosity and strain decrease with depth and imply that saprolite more than doubles in volume during exhumation to the surface by erosion. Chemical depletion is relatively uniform, indicating that

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Goodfellow, B. W., A. P. Stroeven, D. Fabel, et al. "Arctic–alpine blockfields in the northern Swedish Scandes: late Quaternary – not Neogene." Earth Surface Dynamics 2, no. 2 (2014): 383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-383-2014.

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Abstract. Autochthonous blockfield mantles may indicate alpine surfaces that have not been glacially eroded. These surfaces may therefore serve as markers against which to determine Quaternary erosion volumes in adjacent glacially eroded sectors. To explore these potential utilities, chemical weathering features, erosion rates, and regolith residence durations of mountain blockfields are investigated in the northern Swedish Scandes. This is done, firstly, by assessing the intensity of regolith chemical weathering along altitudinal transects descending from three blockfield-mantled summits. Cla

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Or, D. "Physical Processes Affecting Microbial Habitats and Activity in Unsaturated Porous Media." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 7, no. 2 (2002): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol7iss2pp39-45.

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Recent advances in soil pore space visualization and geometrical characterization coupled with improved models for liquid and gaseous behaviour provide the impetus for examination of physical influences on microbial habitats and activity. Desaturation of a porous medium is accompanied by marked changes in liquid-vapour interfacial configurations, which result in confinement and fragmentation of aquatic habitats, alteration of liquid and gaseous diffusion pathways, and introduction of mechanical stresses exerted by films and receding menisci. At the pore scale, we examine relationships between

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van der Meij, W. Marijn, Arnaud J. A. M. Temme, Christian M. F. J. J. de Kleijn, et al. "Arctic soil development on a series of marine terraces on central Spitsbergen, Svalbard: a combined geochronology, fieldwork and modelling approach." SOIL 2, no. 2 (2016): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-221-2016.

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Abstract. Soils in Arctic regions currently enjoy attention because of their sensitivity to climate change. It is therefore important to understand the natural processes and rates of development of these soils. Specifically, there is a need to quantify the rates and interactions between various landscape- and soil-forming processes. Soil chronosequences are ideal natural experiments for this purpose. In this contribution, we combine field observations, luminescence dating and soil–landscape modelling to improve and test our understanding of Arctic soil formation. The field site is a Holocene c

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Evans, J. G. "Notes on some Late Neolithic and Bronze Age Events in Long Barrow Ditches in Southern and Eastern England." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 56 (1990): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00005065.

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This note draws attention to similar sequences of archaeology and environment in three long barrow ditches on the Chalk of southern and eastern England. Although the data have already been, or will shortly be, published in individual site reports, the events warrant consideration as a group because they are of regional importance. They are significant specifically for the later Neolithic use of long barrows and more generally for the identification of areas of arable, pasture and abandoned land in the later Neolithic and Bronze Age. The state of the Bronze Age soils has implications for their

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Nadal-Romero, E., and D. Regüés. "Geomorphological dynamics of subhumid mountain badland areas — weathering, hydrological and suspended sediment transport processes: A case study in the Araguás catchment (Central Pyrenees) and implications for altered hydroclimatic regimes." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 34, no. 2 (2010): 123–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133309356624.

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This study investigates the geomorphological dynamics of badland areas in the Araguás catchment (0.45 km2) in the Central Pyrenees. The genesis and development of badlands in the Central Pyrenees is favoured by the presence of Eocene marls and a markedly seasonal climate. The Araguás catchment has been monitored since 2004. Analysis of weathering processes and regolith dynamics showed that alternating freeze-thaw and wetting-drying cycles are the main causes of regolith development and weathering, and effectiveness and intensity of these processes is maximum in winter and summer. Evolution of

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Petrillo, Marta, Jakub Sandak, Paolo Grossi, and Anna Sandak. "Chemical and appearance changes of wood due to artificial weathering – Dose–response model." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 27, no. 1 (2019): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967033518825364.

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The aim of this study was to assess a model for the surface degradation kinetics of natural wood exposed to artificial weathering. The photochemical and physical processes of weathering result in simultaneous changes of both the wood matrix composition (i.e. lignin content, cellulose crystallinity index, cellulose polymerization degree) and wood’s appearance (i.e. colour, gloss, roughness). European larch, a popular cladding material, was used for experimental samples. Weathering was conducted in a QUV artificial weathering machine for 672 h according to the EN927-6 standard. The response of w

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Hill, Gavin, Celine Moreira, Florence Huynh, et al. "Correlation of a Temperate UV-Weathering Cycle to Outdoor Exposure for the Determination of the Environmental Instability of Polyethylene Films Using HT-GPC Analysis." Polymers 13, no. 4 (2021): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040591.

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Accelerated UV-weathering cycles are predominately used for evaluating the durability of plastic materials, particularly polyethylene (PE) films. The point of failure for this testing is usually the loss of a physical property, such as the loss of tensile strength over time. For plastics designed to be instable under environmental conditions, the accelerated weathering cycles are yet to be defined and their correlation to outdoor exposure has yet to be made. This study demonstrates the utility of a newly defined temperate accelerated UV-weathering cycle, recently codified in the British Standa

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Zhang, Wei Hua, Yan Yang, and Jun Ying Jin. "The Earth’s Critical Zone Science and its Research Progress." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 2138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2138.

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A promising and involving interdisciplinary concept-the earth’s critical zone science is introduced in this paper. Within the earth’s Critical Zone, the coupled chemical, physical and biological processes which define Earth’s weathering engine are driven by climatic, anthropogenic, and tectonic forcing. Followed by the concept and specific questions related to the critical zone were given. Finally, current research in order to understand the Critical zone was reviewed.

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Lee, Yi-Jhe, Pei-Hao Chen, Tsung-Yu Lee, Yu-Ting Shih, and Jr-Chuan Huang. "Temporal variation of chemical weathering rate, source shifting and relationship with physical erosion in small mountainous rivers, Taiwan." CATENA 190 (July 2020): 104516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104516.

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