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Journal articles on the topic 'Physicians – Guatemala – Political activity'
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1
Seiler-Martinez, Alene, Theresa Pesl Murphrey, Gary Wingenbach, and Leonardo Lombardini. "Barrier Analysis as a Tool to Inform Extension Activity Planning: Insights from Guatemala." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 25, no. 2 (August 15, 2018): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2018.25201.
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Over the past decade, renewed emphasis has been placed on extension services in developing countries to reduce rural poverty and improve food security. Despite this emphasis, complex physical, political, and socioeconomic environments in developing countries pose significant difficulties to extension agents’ success rates of adoption of new practices and/or behavior change among rural populations. In addition, agents have meager resources at their disposal. Development programs in the health sector have had success with employing behavior change theories for program design, driven by the Barrier Analysis as a method for gathering data about target populations. Theory and research suggest this method provides key information about why a target population might adopt new practices. If extension agents in developing countries such as Guatemala had access to such information, they might intentionally design interventions that lead to adoption. This paper provides an examination of examples from the field in Guatemala that illuminate ways in which extension agents can gain formative data that when analyzed, may shape how they encourage adoption of new practices. The implications of this paper suggest that using formative data gathering for planning interventions can lead to the behavior change extension agents and their governments seek.
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Moholy-Nagy, Hattula. "PROBLEMATICAL DEPOSITS AT TIKAL, GUATEMALA: CONTENT, CONTEXT, AND INTENT." Ancient Mesoamerica 31, no. 1 (October 11, 2019): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095653611900018x.
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AbstractIn the Mesoamerican archaeological literature, collections of material regarded as somehow anomalous according to the archaeologist's expectations are often referred to as problematical deposits (PDs). Their problematical aspect originates in the researcher's current state of knowledge of the particular site, not in past behavior. PDs are site-specific, provisional classifications, and need further study to determine the function or intent of the activity that created them. A sample of 223 features designated as PDs by the University of Pennsylvania Museum's Tikal Project is examined here in an approach to understand their intent. A typology of the sample, based upon content, date, and variables of recovery context, indicates three principal intents broadly summarized as ritual, political, and site maintenance, and a category of PDs without intent. The study of PDs demands a wide-ranging approach. It provides an opportunity to reevaluate inadequate ideas and gain new insights into past cultural behavior.
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Daniel Castro, Estuardo, Gamaliél Alejandro Velásquez,, Edgar Lineker Santos, Gustavo Adolfo Oliva, Clara Elizabeth Chang, and Harry Francisco Soto. "Risk to Develop Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus according to FINDRISC tool in Guatemalan Physicians aged 40-60 years." International Journal of Medical Students 5, no. 1 (June 13, 2017): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2017.178.
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Background: In Latin America 22.4 million people has abnormal tolerance to insulin, these ones could turn into diabetics if they do not change their lifestyles. Added to this, there are 15 million who present Diabetes Mellitus and this amount will increase to 20 million in 10 years. This epidemic behavior is caused by many factors in which stand out lifestyles, the population aging, and lack of prevention programs. Since 1994, physicians in Guatemala have demonstrated to have inadequate lifestyles in different researches, standing out sedentarism, overweight and obesity, and hypercaloric diets. Objective: To evaluate the risk of developing type 2 Diabetes Mellitus using the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) in Guatemalan doctors of three medical institutions in the months of June and July 2016. Methods: Cross-sectional study, where 176 doctors were interviewed using the FINDRISC. Participant’s body mass index and abdominal circumference were measured. Results: Mean age was 50 years, 63% (110) male; 55% (96) were sedentary, more than three quarters consumed fruits and vegetables daily, 22% (38) were hypertensive, 10% (17) had a history of impaired glucose and 61% family history of diabetes (108); 47% (82) were overweight and 31% (54) had some degree of obesity. Central obesity was present in 63% (111). There was a statistically significant relationship between age and risk of type 2 diabetes (OR: 3.4 p: 0.001) as well as a relationship between physical activity and abdominal circumference (OR: 2.84, p: 0.001). Out of the total population, 80% (141) of doctors were in some degree of risk, from these, 53% with slightly elevated, 29% moderate, 16% with high and 2% very high risk. Conclusions: Eight out of ten doctors studied were at risk of developing type 2 diabetes over a period of ten years. There is a relationship between: age and risk of disease, as well as between physical activity and abdominal circumference.
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Kit, Wade. "The Unionist Experiment in Guatemala, 1920-1921: Conciliation, Disintegration, and the Liberal Junta." Americas 50, no. 1 (January 1993): 31–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007263.
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During the presidency of Manuel Estrada Cabrera (1898-1920), the exploitative and exclusive nature of Guatemalan society became increasingly obvious. Instead of real development, what emerged was a landed oligarchy, engaged primarily in the production of coffee, who utilized their economic might to construct a state that protected their dominant social and political status. Although economic growth and modernization proceeded at a moderate pace in the first two decades of this century, political and social problems associated with increased economic activity and the altered fabric of Guatemalan society arose. Significant among these were the rapid growth of the capital's middle sectors, the emergence of incipient labor organizations, and a vocal and politically conscious student population; all of which were refused a forum for political expression, not to mention an equitable share in the profits of the republic's lucrative coffee industry. The cumulative effect of these forces, augmented by the extremely repressive nature of Estrada Cabrera's Administration, presented the republic with a rare opportunity to implement real and significant reform.
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Thornton, Erin Kennedy, and Arthur A. Demarest. "AT WATER'S EDGE: RITUAL MAYA ANIMAL USE IN AQUATIC CONTEXTS AT CANCUEN, GUATEMALA." Ancient Mesoamerica 30, no. 3 (2019): 473–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536118000251.
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AbstractExcavations at the Late Classic Maya site of Cancuen (Petén Department, Guatemala) uncovered a small-scale hydraulic system including stone-lined canals and reservoirs within the architectural core of the site. The abundance of other nearby potable water sources along with the elaborate form of the system demonstrate that it served an ideological rather than practical function. Artifacts deposited in the reservoirs support this interpretation. Moreover, the reservoir located in front of the site's royal palace contained the remains of at least 30 individuals who may represent members of the royal court massacred during the site's collapse. This paper reports the animal remains found within the site's reservoirs to further explore the nature and extent of ritual and disposal activities within these aquatic contexts. Inter- and intrasite comparisons are used to contextualize the results within broader discussions of how we identify ritual activity in the zooarchaeological record, and the role of water in ancient Maya ideological and political systems.
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Johnston, Kevin J. "PRECLASSIC MAYA OCCUPATION OF THE ITZAN ESCARPMENT, LOWER RÍO DE LA PASIÓN, PETÉN, GUATEMALA." Ancient Mesoamerica 17, no. 2 (July 2006): 177–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536106060093.
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Maya elites and commoners intensively occupied the Itzan escarpment, located in the lower Río de la Pasión drainage system of Petén, Guatemala, during the Preclassic and Protoclassic periods. Itzan was colonized during the Xe phase of the Middle Preclassic period, and its occupation intensified during the late Middle and Late Preclassic periods, when elite residential and ceremonial facilities were erected. During the Late Preclassic and Protoclassic periods, the escarpment was dominated by Chaak Ak'al, a large site distinguished by massive pyramids and lengthy wall-like constructions, which undoubtedly served as a polity capital. Subsequent to the Protoclassic period, the locus of activity atop the escarpment shifted back to Itzan, which served as a polity capital through the Late Classic period. From data collected at Itzan, Chaak Ak'al, and other sites of the lower Río de la Pasión drainage system, a picture of regional Preclassic Maya political geography is emerging.
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Schwarz, Kevin R. "ECKIXIL: Understanding the Classic to Postclassic Survival and Transformation of a Peten Maya Village." Latin American Antiquity 20, no. 3 (September 2009): 413–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1045663500002789.
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AbstractThis study uses architectural and activity area analyses to examine the Classic-Postclassic transition and the resulting Postclassic-Early Historic (A. D. 1000–1697) Maya society in the Petén Lakes region of Guatemala. The research combines a detailed temporal comparison of architectural styles and an analysis of changing architecture as the restructuring of everyday social action. The methods have significance beyond Maya studies in addressing questions of cultural continuity or in-migration. Archaeological data from recent excavations, including new radiocarbon dates, document the intensive settlement of the Quexil Islands in the Terminal Classic period (A. D. 800–1000) and its occupation thereafter. Architectural evidence from the Quexil Islands and other Petén Lakes sites indicates a mosaic pattern of change, reflecting to varying extents Classic-Postclassic continuity and external contacts, with differences among sites rather than the complete replacement of populations. Evidence of the later incorporation of this small village, known ethnohistorically as “Eckixil,” in the Late Postclassic-Early Historic Itza polity, demonstrates a strong linkage with the political core, illustrating the political complexity of this hinterland region.
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Gasiorowski, Mark J. "The 1953 Coup D'Etat in Iran." International Journal of Middle East Studies 19, no. 3 (August 1987): 261–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800056737.
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In retrospect, the United States sponsored coup d'état in Iran of August 19, 1953, has emerged as a critical event in postwar world history. The government of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq which was ousted in the coup was the last popular, democratically oriented government to hold office in Iran. The regime replacing it was a dictatorship that suppressed all forms of popular political activity, producing tensions that contributed greatly to the 1978–1979 Iranian revolution. If Mosaddeq had not been overthrown, the revolution might not have occurred. The 1953 coup also marked the first peacetime use of covert action by the United States to overthrow a foreign government. As such, it was an important precedent for events like the 1954 coup in Guatemala and the 1973 overthrow of Salvador Allende in Chile, and made the United States a key target of the Iranian revolution.
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Kasahara, Yuri. "Should I stay or should I go? A comparative study of banking sector policies and the strategies of Central American business groups." Business and Politics 14, no. 4 (December 2012): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bap-2012-0031.
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The article seeks to explain how policies affect business groups’ decisions to stay or leave a sector of activity in a liberalized economy. The article utilizes a comparative historical approach to explain how business groups in six Central American countries decided to enter, remain in or leave the banking sector. Using case studies of the main banks belonging to business groups in the region, the article seeks to identify how particular sequences of policies lead to the formation of two major strategies. A portfolio one, characterized by a short-term interest in the banking sector; and an organic one, in which the banking sector plays a more important role for the whole group. Looking at the impact of three policies (nationalization, privatization and liberalization), I show that previous nationalization had contributed to a dominant portfolio strategy in Costa Rica and El Salvador. The absence of nationalization favored the dominance of an organic strategy in Guatemala and Honduras. Additionally, the cases of Nicaragua and Panama are analyzed as examples of how other events, such as early internationalization and early liberalization, can favor a more mixed scenario.
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Rędziński, Kazimierz. "Research Club of Physicians of the University of Lviv (1907–1914)." Pedagogika. Studia i Rozprawy 28 (2019): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/p.2019.28.21.
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At the University of Lviv, restored in the year 1817, opening the Faculty of Medicine was not permitted by Austrian authorities due to financial considerations. It was no sooner than in the year 1894 that the several-year-long Polish efforts within this scope brought about the desired results. The academic personnel in the first years of the activity of the Faculty of Medicine was constituted by Poles educated at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, and, moreover, by Poles working at other academic centres in Europe. To Lviv, the professors and assistant professors of medicine from Prague, Vienna, Marburg, Innsbruck, Moscow and Warsaw arrived. The first group of students was composed of 95 males: Poles, Jews and Ukrainians. The first four women to have studied Medicine were admitted in the year 1900. They were: Maria Matylda Kalmus, Matylda Lateiner-Mayerhofer, Fanny Fuchs (all of whom were Jews) and Maria Jasienicka (Ukrainian). The first student organisation, namely: Society of Mutual Aid of the Students of Medicine, was established in the course of the first year after commencing instruction in medicine. In the year 1903, it was transformed into the Library of the Students of Medicine. Among its members, there were Polish, Jewish and Ukrainian students. In the year 1907, the ensuing split and secession in the oganisation existing thus far resulted in the formation of the Club of Physicians. It was exclusively Poles that were the members of the new organisation. The split was caused by ethnic and political conflicts connected with the development of ethnic consciousness. In Lviv, being a multi-national and a multi-religious city, the lack of tolerance was noticeable more and more frequently in connection with the intensive process of the formation of ethnic consciousness at the beginning of the 20th century.
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Harris, Ruth. "Murder under hypnosis." Psychological Medicine 15, no. 3 (August 1985): 477–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700031366.
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SynopsisThis article discusses the trial of a woman accused of murder in 1890 whose defence rested on the claim that she acted unconsciously under the hypnotic influence of her older lover. This relatively banal case brought together two rival schools of French psychiatry – that of J.-M. Charcot in Paris and that of Hippolyte Bernheim in Nancy – and provided a wide-ranging examination of views on the nature of unconscious mental activity as well as the social, political and professional implications that their theories on hypnotism and hysteria contained. Discussions on women's sexuality, family relations, crowd behaviour and political radicalism all played a part in the debate and are examined through the case study that the trial of Gabrielle Bompard permits. Moreover, the trial shed incidental light on the campaign by physicians against amateur healers and hypnotists whom they blamed for unleashing a wave of mass hysteria through their theatrical representations. The episode was one important element in the struggle for the passage of the law of 30 November 1892, which outlawed amateur practitioners and established the medical monopoly over healing in France.
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Maksimovic, Jovan. "Contribution of physicians from Vojvodina to establishing Health service in Serbia and founding and working of Medical Society of Serbia." Medical review 61, no. 3-4 (2008): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0804191m.
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It was in the middle of the J 8th century, when Serbia started the process of getting independent from the long-lasting period of the Turkish rule, that the necessity for the organized health care emerged. Despite the fact that it had not existed before, the process advanced rather quickly regarding the contemporary political, social and cultural conditions and the Medical Society of Serbia (MSS) was founded in Belgrade on the 22nd of April, 1872. Although it is known that the doctors from Vojvodina, which was an integral part of Austria of that time, contributed significantly to establishing both the civil and military medical service, this period of our medical history has neither been searched enough nor published in one piece. The author of this paper points out four characteristic activity segments through which the doctors from Vojvodina gave their contribution. An important role in health education and promotion of health culture in the still vassal Serbia was played by the doctors from Vojvodina and popular educators at the very beginnings of the health journalism in Serbian which reached Serbia from Austria. Somewhat later the doctors of Vojvodina went to Serbia to contribute to the establishment and promotion of the civil and military medical services and to take an active part in the Inaugural Meeting and the forthcoming activities of the Medical Society of Serbia. They were also among the initiators and first teachers at the Medical Faculty in Belgrade. This paper highlights and encircles a very important period of our national health culture history by analyzing thoroughly the four above mentioned segments of activities and their protagonists.
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Horbec, Ivana. "Multilingualism in the Croatian lands under the sceptre of the Habsburgs in the eighteenth century." Central-European Studies 2019, no. 2 (11) (2020): 107–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2019.2.5.
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The paper examines the role of multilingualism in Croatian lands under the Habsburg rule during the 18th century. The focus of the research is set on Croatian-Slavonian nobility and other local elites (clergy, officers, physicians, engineers, etc.) as part of the society susceptible to the influence of the educational norms and linguistic policies set by the Habsburg authorities. It provides an insight into the language skills of the 18th-century Croatian society, the impact of educational policy on the language learning and the importance of language choices for social or political representation. It is argued that the culture of the educated, mostly politically active part of the Croatian society remained intensely multilingual until deep into the 19th century due to the specificity of language practices, and that the educational policy of the Court in Vienna contributed more to the affirmation of the national language than did the activity of the Croatian elites. The research is based on archival sources kept in Croatian, Hungarian and Austrian state archives and selected contemporary records (correspondence, memoirs, and publications).
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Morozova, Alla Yurievna. "«Physiological collectivism» of Alexander Bogdanov: idea and practice." Samara Journal of Science 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202091208.
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The goal of the paper is to study the idea of physiological collectivism and attempts to implement it. This idea was proposed by Alexander Bogdanov (1873-1928), a philosopher, naturalist, and one of the leaders of Bolshevism, who saw it as the highest manifestation of collectivism, on the principles of which the society of the future would be based. In Bogdanovs opinion, a peculiar revolutionary meaning of blood transfusion consists in support of one organism by vital elements of another , in direct biophysical cooperation. In the last years of his life Bogdanov concentrated his efforts on the activity of the Institute of Blood Transfusion created by him and on the researches and experiments connected with blood transfusion, which he considered as practical realization of the idea of physiological collectivism. It is this story that is considered in the paper, but not from a medical point of view, but as one of the manifestations of Bogdanov-collectivist. The author of the paper considers various assumptions as to why in 1926 Bogdanov, who was disgraced and excommunicated from Bolshevism, was given the opportunity to create the Institute of Blood Transfusion, and comes to the conclusion that this decision was most likely dictated by the desire to channel Bogdanovs activity in the sphere as far from political life as possible. The paper also analyzes the circumstances of Bogdanovs death as a result of the experiment (the 12th exchange transfusion of blood) and concludes that it was not a suicide or a disguised murder, but a tragic accident associated with the lack of development of medical science at the time. This conclusion is based on the results of modern physicians research. The author of the paper emphasizes the role and importance of the activity of the Institute established by Bogdanov in the process of building the blood transfusion service in this country.
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Engel, A. "Cancer Council NSW - Policy and Advocacy: “I Care For Palliative Care” Campaign to Increase Government Investment in Specialist Palliative Care Services." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 172s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.50500.
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Background and context: I Care for Palliative Care Campaign was developed and delivered by the Cancer Council NSW between November 2015 and July 2017. This advocacy campaign was developed in recognition of the fact that the state had fewer palliative physicians and palliative care nurses than were needed to meet the palliative care demands of the NSW community. This meant that some people with life-limiting cancer were being denied quality of life and were unable to die in the place of their choosing. Moreover, Aboriginal people remained disadvantaged by limited access to specialist palliative care that fits with their community values, beliefs, rituals, heritage and place. Aim: The primary aim of the campaign was to secure additional funding from the NSW Government for an additional 10 FTE palliative physician positions; an extra 129 FTE palliative care nurse positions; and provision of culturally-appropriate specialist palliative care services to Aboriginal people. Strategy/Tactics: Various tactics were used, including collection and sharing of engaging community stories via media and online channels, mobilizing community support via training and events, and targeted engagement of key decision-makers and members of parliament (MPs), which took into consideration marginal electorates, personal experiences with cancer, and geography, noting the issue disproportionally impacts regional and rural communities. An online and offline “pledge” activity was also used, providing both the public and MPs with an opportunity to support the campaign. Program/Policy process: Meetings, the pledge activity, collection and presentation of stories and community-events were all incorporated into a program of activities over the campaign period to engage decision-makers and ultimately influence the policy-making process. Outcomes: An independent qualitative evaluation confirmed that the campaign was undoubtedly a success. It noted that the campaign created an environment in which the NSW government made a historic decision to provide an additional $100 million in funding for palliative care services over four years. Without the campaign, palliative care could well have lost out to other healthcare and government spending priorities. What was learned: The campaign confirmed the power of personal stories as an effective campaign tactic to influence decision-makers. Empowering volunteers to generate local media coverage also resulted in significantly greater coverage for the campaign. The “pledge” activity for MPs was also an effective tactic that brought together the issue, the politician and our brand. Aspects to be improved include simplifying our policy ask, evaluating the resources we invest in key decision makers versus less influential MPs, and assessing how we better integrate political context and political experts into our campaign planning and governance.
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Bode, Ingo, and Markus Maerker. "Management in medicine or medics in management? The changing role of doctors in German hospitals." International Journal of Public Sector Management 27, no. 5 (July 7, 2014): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-06-2012-0068.
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Purpose – Internationally, management in medicine has become a topical issue in health care research and policy. Against this background, the purpose of this paper is to examine the changing role of doctors in the management of German hospitals. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a literature review on the one hand, explorative research drawing on field document and expert interviews, on the other. In the light of basic assumptions of neo-institutionalist and contingency theory, major developments regarding the relationship between medicine and management in Germany are sketched. Findings – In the German health care sector, the importance of management in medicine is generally increasing, with more managerial (administrative) functions included in the clinicians’ activity. However, the current situation proves complex. On the one hand, there is more management within medicine, materializing, e.g. in further education schemes embracing economic training or in a general expectation that physicians striving for higher ranks within a hospital's hierarchy should exhibit economic knowledge. On the other hand, the authors see a hesitant attitude of the medical profession toward a greater involvement in management. In addition, policies of hospital owners affecting management roles prove diverse. They range from organizing medical departments as autonomous profit centers to ensuring strong hierarchical control by top management, with this entailing different demands regarding a doctor's managerial skills. Due to the advent of powerful non-clinician managers in part of the sector, moreover, medics are losing influence at top level. Altogether, there seems to be a polarization within the hospital system concerning the role of doctors in hospital management. This, to some extent, sits uneasy with key propositions from neo-institutionalist and contingency theory. Originality/value – The paper retraces general developments concerning the involvement of German hospital doctors in management. Given the paucity of research in this field, it provides preliminary insights on the dynamics that influence the way and degree of this involvement. The major result is that there is structural polarization within an environment which, though streamlining both institutional mind-maps and organizational structures, leaves considerable discretion to the organizational level.
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Lurie, L. "Real clinical practice." Infusion & Chemotherapy, no. 3.2 (December 15, 2020): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32902/2663-0338-2020-3.2-188-190.
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Background. Real clinical practice (RCP) exists in an evidence-based and regulatory framework, taking into account the social, political and economic situation in the country. Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is the main challenge of modern RCP.
Objective. To describe the modern features of the RCP.
Materials and methods. Analysis of literature sources on this issue.
Results and discussion. On December 31, 2019, WHO was informed about 27 cases of pneumonia of unknown origin. On January 1, 2020, the first WHO guidelines were issued. The COVID-19 outbreak was declared a health emergency on January 30 and a pandemic – on March 11. Experience with COVID-19 varies from country to country. In Germany, for example, pharmacies were allowed to produce disinfectants on their own, in Australia the telemedicine system was expanded, and in Poland a law was issued that provided the regulation of remote work, simplification of public procurement, and emergency pharmacy prescriptions. In Ukraine, the first information from the Ministry of Health on coronavirus was published on January 21. On February 19, a decision was made to procure medicines to combat COVID-19. On March 11, the export of personal protective equipment was banned, and on March 12, quarantine was imposed throughout Ukraine. On March 17, the first laws of Ukraine on combating the coronavirus were adopted. One in four patients who fell ill at the beginning of the outbreak was a health worker, which reduced the availability of medical care. The imposition of a pandemic on phase 2 of health care reform has limited health care and patients’ access to clinics and hospitals, and suspended planned hospitalizations and surgeries. Medicines without evidence were included in the COVID-19 National Treatment Protocol. An analysis of drug sales in pharmacies showed that quarantine had decreased the sales of cough and cold remedies, nasal irrigation solutions (due to a reduction in the number of socially transmitted diseases), and antidiarrheal drugs. Instead, sales of laxatives have increased (presumably due to changes in diet and limited physical activity). Sales of drugs for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases also decreased. Quarantine in combination with the restriction of the availability of infusion therapy in the practice of the family doctor has led to a reduction in the appointment of parenteral drugs by half. In the absence of planned hospitalizations and surgeries, the volume of prescriptions for infusion drugs decreased by 13 %. There was a redistribution of drug consumption in favor of domestic drugs. “Yuria-Pharm” was in the top 3 among Ukrainian drug manufacturers. 6 out of 10 general leaders are domestic companies. “Yuria-Pharm” is a leader in blood substitutes and perfusion solutions prescribed by doctors of 16 specialties. The solutions were most often prescribed for pneumonia, mental and behavioral disorders caused by alcohol abuse, acute pancreatitis, cerebrovascular diseases, delivery, acute appendicitis, malignant tumors, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, chronic ischemic heart disease. For example, Tivortin (“Yuria-Pharm”) is most often prescribed by gynecologists, less often – by physicians / family doctors, neurologists, surgeons, cardiologists, anesthesiologists. In turn, Reosorbilact (“Yuria-Pharm”) is among the top 3 drugs administered by hospital doctors for the period 2014-2020. Repeated prescriptions for reimbursement were issued remotely, however, despite government programs, treatment in Ukraine still depends on the patient’s money. The National Health Service of Ukraine for 2021 proposed to increase the salaries of health care workers and reduce the catastrophic costs of medicines paid by patient on its own. At present, there is a need to transfer the results of clinical trials to the RCP, as the studies are conducted in specialized strictly controlled conditions, and the RCP allows to obtain more real results. There are several types of RCP studies: non-interventional, post-registration, marketing, pharmacoeconomic, and patient database and registry studies.
Conclusions. 1. COVID-19 pandemic is the main challenge of modern RCP. 2. The imposition of a pandemic onto phase 2 of health care reform has limited health care and patients’ access to clinics and hospitals, and suspended planned hospitalizations and surgeries. 3. In the conditions of pandemic and quarantine there was a redistribution of drug consumption in favor of domestic drugs. 4. Reosorbilact (“Yuria-Pharm”) is among the top 3 drugs administered by hospital doctors for the period 2014-2020.
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Kohut, Volodymyr. "Video art of Lviv, late XX - early XXI century, historical context: creating an art form." Bulletin of Lviv National Academy of Arts, no. 39 (2019): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37131/2524-0943-2019-39-22.
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Background. For the last 25 years videoart in Ukraine had passed a maturation from the elementary experimental video practices of the end of the 80's to the full-identical art form. Like most of the USSR innovative art trends, videoart in Ukraine paved it's way through the formal endorsement's resistance and had been creating owing to the enthusiasm and persistence of individual artists and single artistic formations. Ukrainian videoart had developed according to all the fine art growth's features of socialistic period; however was established and concepted for the first time in Lviv as a phenomenon in the 1990-s what had generated a brand-new pleiad of cultural actors and had influence on the alternative artistic expression mediums of that time. Objectives. The incipience and developnent of Lviv videoart appears to be the main goal, applicating specifics of the new media style in individual artistic identification for single artists and Lviv artistic enviroment in general; reconstitution of the expression of new visual ideas made via video camera among social and historical “perestroika” context. Videoart role definition in the artistic expression of the totalitarian unrest period. Methods. Achieving the goals of the article was implemented via empirical methods: comparison, observation, description of the historical facts, which preceded videoart foundation throughout Ukraine. Theoretical methods were founded for the analysis of videoart, it’s role and position in art studies historiography of Lviv focus. Also deductive chronology playbacking method, what gave an opportunity to represent a whole artistic climate where Lviv videoart was established. Classification method divided artistic formations into groups based on artistic and stylistic criterion. Results. The research results confirmed the idea of independent Lviv videoart existance with it’s own establishing and development history. Research, based on Andrij Boyarov artworks of the end of 80’s, showed up comprehensive data that videoart had not been positioned as additional medium for single artist’s creations diluting; combination of photo and video was and remains the main activity for a certain range of artists thus proving that emergence of videoart genre had not turned into spontaneous way or copied from West European processes but rather appeared to be totally required by socio-political environment, the artist and the viewer to see the video reflections in galleries. Formed chronology showed up a special linkages between the appearance of brand-new art experiments, alternative practices and youth movements, festivals and artistic formations that had established the very first Ukrainian galleries and had placed curator practices unprecedented neither for artists nor for viewers. These were the “Tsenter Europy”, “Try Krapky”, “Dzyga” galleries, where the exhibitions “Thing Theatre or thing ecology”, “Defloration” and “Congress of Ukrainian Physicians Exhibition” took place at the time of turning point of Ukraine’s 90’s. The “Vyvykh” Festival had become a so-called Vesuvius for massive Lviv non-conformism vector, which explored a number of brand-new names of experimental art and videoart: Alfred Maksymenko, Andrij Boyarov, Hanna Kuts, Viktor Dovhaljuk, Ihor Podolchak, Serhiy Petljuk and others. During the consideration it was revealed that Lviv videoart meant to be different from the one in the other Ukrainian videoart centers due to it “pedagogical” aspect, namely it was the only center, where the experience sharing for the young generation truly existed, that had been caused by reservation problem and communication absence between the videoartists and a range of author generations. The originator of the first videoart in Ukraine - Alfred Maksymenko - now works as a pedagogue at Lviv National Academy of Arts, whose Studies generated a number of videoartists, carring on Lviv Classic School traditions and creating original stylistic indications. Conclusions. This social-informational research has shown preconditions for a brand-new art genre establishment - the 90’s Lviv videoart and the fact that it was not born in a way of “playing” or “flirtation” with some kind of new imported technical equipment but had it’s own conceptual way instead; got an opportunity to continue previous visual practices and expand the frontiers of visual influences on viewer. The analysis of Lviv videoart formation concludes the research and brings up the subject for further researches: establishing of high-quality art analysis of single artists working in videoart for already more than 25 years. A totally special stylistic manner of creating video images had emerged during that time period, which echoes with traditional Lviv Classic School painting manner and brand-new mediums born and dictated by alternative angles and technical implementation of videoart.
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"Political Activity of US Physicians." JAMA 297, no. 9 (March 7, 2007): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.9.951-b.
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"Political Activity of US Physicians—Reply." JAMA 297, no. 9 (March 7, 2007): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.9.951-c.
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Assouad, Elise, Said El Hage, Steven Safi, Antonio El Kareh, Elie Mokled, and Pascale Salameh. "Familial Mediterranean fever research activity in the Arab World: the need for regional and international collaborations." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, June 1, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/emhj.21.036.
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Background: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory, multisystem disease affecting the populations of the Mediterranean basin. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the research input of Arab countries on FMF between 2004 and 2019. Methods: The Medline database (PubMed) was accessed for FMF-related publications. The number of publications was normalized to average: population size, GDP and number of physicians for every country. VOSViewer was used to create a co-occurrence bibliographic map. Results: Between 2004 and 2019, 69 articles relating to FMF were published in the Arab world, accounting for 0.03% of the total number of publications originating in Arab countries, and 3.60% of all articles relating to FMF worldwide. After normalizing to average population size, GDP and number of physicians, Lebanon ranked first with 4.44, 0.64 and 1.99 publications per million persons respectively. Moderate positive correlations were found between number of publications and average population size (r = 0.385) and average number of physicians (r = 0.513). Half of the articles were published in journals ranked Q1 and Q2. An abundance of keywords relating to genetics hint at a main focus on the genetic aspect of the disease. Conclusion: The low number of publications could be a result of the absence of research funding and the political and military instability in the Arab world. Given that many articles were published in high quality journals, Arab countries should focus on providing a clinical aspect to their studies and working on regional and international collaborations.
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Liu, Howard, and Christopher M. Sullivan. "And the Heat Goes On: Police Repression and the Modalities of Power." Journal of Conflict Resolution, May 17, 2021, 002200272110130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220027211013099.
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Among security institutions, police occupy a unique position. In addition to specializing in the repression of dissent, police monitor society and enforce order. Yet within research studying state repression, how police institutions are used and deployed to control domestic threats remain under-explored, particularly as it relates to the dual functionality just described. In this study, we develop and test an explanation of police repression accounting for the bifurcation of Mann’s two modalities of state power: infrastructural power and despotic power. Infrastructural power allocates police resources to surveil dissidents and preemptively limit dissent’s emergence or escalation. Police deploy despotic power through repressive responses to political threats. Empirically, we employ unique data to investigate police repression and the modalities of power in Guatemala. To analyze how shifting the balance between infrastructural and despotic power affects police repression, we isolate damage occurring from an earthquake that exogenously reshaped the landscape of infrastructural power. Results affirm the role of infrastructural power in regulating the despotic power of the state. Where local infrastructure was most affected by the earthquake, the security apparatus lost the capacity to surveil nascent movements and predict their activity, thereby providing opportunity for dissidents to mobilize and forcing police to (over-)react rather than shutdown resistance preemptively. However, the intensity of state violence recedes as the state recovers from the infrastructural damage and regains its control of local district.
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Van Aarde, Andries G. "Christus medicus – Christus patiens: Healing as exorcism in context." HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 75, no. 4 (November 14, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v75i4.5798.
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The aim of this article is to argue that healing stories in the Jesus tradition should be understood as exorcisms, even if the concept of demonisation does not occur in the narrative. In the theistic and mythological context of the 1st-century Graeco-Roman religious and political world, external forces responsible for social imbalances pertain to the demonisation of body and spirit. Medical cure was also embedded in the same biopolitical setting. The article describes aspects of this biopolitics and the role of ancient physicians. However, Jesus’ revolutionary acts were not deeds of a medical doctor, but ought to be understood as the healing activity of a faith healer who empowered traumatised people by creating safe space for them within a quasi-fictive kinship network. The article concludes with an application of the dialectic notion ‘Christus medicus – Christus patiens’ in the life of the present-day network of Jesus-followers.
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Lubi, Kadi, Ain Raal, and Pille Taba. "Ethnic Identity in Transition: the Potential Impact of Ethnicity on Chronic Illness’ Medication Adherence in Post-Soviet Country." Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, May 3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40615-021-01048-x.
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AbstractPreviously, it has been shown that factors like ethnicity and proficiency of state’s official language not only influence self-management abilities and medication adherence but may also indicate the level of trust in physicians, medication, and healthcare system. This research aims to examine the potential impact of ethnicity on medication adherence based on the example of a post-Soviet country. The research was carried out as a quantitative survey among 303 hypertension and type 2 diabetes patients in Estonia, involving participants from ethnic majority and minority. Research was conducted in community pharmacies and data analysed statistically with SPSS. The findings were opposite to previous research. Although members of the ethnic minority used less illness-related sources, these sources relied more on evidence-based medicine compared to the ethnic majority. Because of this, medication adherence was also slightly higher for the ethnic minority compared to the majority. Therefore, these findings indicate trust in medical authorities, their decisions, and recommendations. There was a statistically significant relationship between general and illness-related information-seeking activity; however, medication adherence was not related to information-seeking activity. The research outlines that in addition to ethnolinguistic aspect, also potential cultural influence might determine the trust in medicine and medication adherence.
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Ribeiro, Dilza Teresinha Ambrós, José Hiran Gallo, and Guilhermina Rêgo. "Bioethical Principals In The Conduct Of Doctors." International Archives of Medicine 10 (October 8, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.3823/2529.
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Objective: The present study aims gather further information towards the practice of medicine, particularly regarding bioethical principles, which are essential for the full and correct medical practice all over the world.
Method: This study is a theoretical essay on the bioethical principles related to the professional activity of medical doctors. Therefore, it was carried out a non-systematic review of the literature, which allows a critical analysis of this issue.
Results: Through considering the theoretical guidelines there is a close relationship between the principle of respect for persons and human dignity itself. Also the results of this study suggest that respect for persons, namely personal autonomy, is steadily protected by means of constitutional and infra-constitutional norms.
Conclusion: For these principles to be effective it is indispensable to have common efforts between the political power and overall society, so that public policies may be implemented to favor patients in the healthcare setting. Also the continuous training of physicians is needed for an adequate application of universal bioethical principles.
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Leavitt, Chelom E., Amber J. Siedel, Jeremy B. Yorgason, Mallory A. Millett, and Joe Olsen. "Little things mean a lot: Using the biopsychosocial model for daily reports of sexual intimacy." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, December 17, 2020, 026540752097766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520977665.
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Objectives: In the current study we used an integrated approach to late midlife sexuality. Using a biopsychosocial approach combined with spillover/crossover theory, we examined various common biological (feeling rested and physical intimacy), psychological (positive and negative mood), and social (giving and receiving support) daily processes linked with actor and partner daily physical intimacy. Methods: Data from 191 late midlife, heterosexual, White, couples (97% married, 3% cohabiting) across 14 days were used to examine our hypotheses. Participants had attended some college and about half lived in an urban area. Results: Results from dyadic logistic multilevel models suggest that even when accounting for all covariates, physical activity, positive mood, and both giving and receiving partner support were associated with an increased likelihood of daily physical intimacy. Differences in these associations were found for women compared to men. Discussion: Physical intimacy in late midlife is likely encouraged from a number of factors. Using simplistic designs may inhibit our understanding of important sexual interactions. When compared to health factors, relational factors appear to be more connected to physical intimacy. Physicians, therapists, and community educators can encourage late midlife couples to pay attention to the support they give and receive which may provide an important environment for sexual interactions.
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van de Ruit, Catherine, and Charles L. Bosk. "Surgical Patient Safety Officers in the United States: Negotiating Contradictions Between Compliance and Workplace Transformation." Work and Occupations, June 13, 2020, 073088842093034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0730888420930345.
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A largely uncoordinated patient safety movement arose in response to the Institute of Medicine’s 1999 report on patient safety, To Err Is Human. Two key outcomes have resulted from that movement: (a) new guidelines that enlarge requirements for documenting compliance with patient safety data and (b) a new obligation for health care organizations to create a “safety culture” based on the “science” of safety. The organizational title patient safety officer (PSO) designates a member of an emerging occupation charged with assuming these enlarged responsibilities. This article seeks, first, to describe the emergence of this new organizational role, the PSO; second, to identify the new tensions that task and mission inflation have created for PSOs; and third, to examine how PSOs manage the tensions between their increased core work task and their new professional mission as agents of organizational change. Drawing on interviews conducted with 32 PSOs, 127 nurses, and 36 physicians in 17 surgical departments across 5 states in the United States from 2012 to 2015, the authors find that PSOs most commonly resolve the tension between core work activity and professional mission by focusing on their task as agents of audit and compliance. The authors find, as well, that when PSOs attempt to use their expanded role as social reformers to change behaviors in surgery, they must overcome the resistance of frontline workers. They require cooperation from executives and surgeons to effect change. When this support is unavailable, PSOs lose their voice and may abandon efforts to improve safety.
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Forgeot, Cecile, Gilles Viudes, Guilhem Noel, Anne Fouillet, and Celine Caserio-Schonemann. "Use of the OSCOUR network data to describe low back pain attendances in French ED." Online Journal of Public Health Informatics 11, no. 1 (May 30, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v11i1.9807.
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ObjectiveThe study describes the characteristics of attendances for low back pain (LBP) in the French emergency departments (ED) network Oscour®, in order to give an overview of this disease before launching a prevention campaign.IntroductionLBP is one of the leading contributors to disease burden worldwide [1]. In France, LBP is a frequent reason of general practice consultations. According to a study published in 2017 and based on 2014 data issued of the National Health Insurance Cross-Schemes Information System (Sniiram) [2], this pathology stands for 30% of thickness leave and 4 of 5 people will suffer of low back pain during their own life. Most often, LBP is a chronic pathology with acute episodes which most often require emergency care.In order to prevent chronicity, French health care insurance launched into a mainstream national prevention campaign during spring 2018. This campaign was also targeted for health professional to inform them of the best recommendations to provide to their patients. Then the French society of emergency medicine (SFMU) has been asked to relay this campaign to emergency departments (ED) where LBP is a frequent reason of attendance.Since 2004, the French syndromic surveillance system SurSaUD® [3] coordinated by the French Public Health Agency (Santé publique France) daily collects morbidity data from the emergency departments (ED) network Oscour®. Almost 92% of the French ED attendances were recorded by the system in 2017.The availability of this large ED dataset on the whole territory since several years gives the opportunity to describe LBP attendances before the potential fallout of the national prevention campaign.MethodsFor each ED attendance, the SurSaUD® system daily collects individual data containing demographic (age, gender, zip code), administrative (ED unit, date of attendance, transport…) and medical information (medical diagnosis (ICD10), chief complaint, severity, hospit.). These data are routinely analyzed to detect and follow-up various expected or unusual public health events all over the territory [3] and also constitute a large database to perform in-depth studies on specific public health issues.ED attendances with a medical diagnosis of LBP have been identified using at least one of the following ICD10 codes “M545”, “M5450”, “M5456”, “M5457”, “M5458”, “M5459”. Those data have been analyzed from 01/01/2014 to 31/12/2017 (504 ED) for the following age groups; less than 18 years old (yo), 18 to 34 yo, 35 to 49 yo, 50 to 64 yo, 65 to 84 yo and 85 yo and over, at national and regional levels. ED attendances have been also described by month, day of week and hour of day. Hospitalizations after discharge, stay duration in ED services, transport and associated diagnoses were also analyzed.ResultsFrom 2014 to 2017, 481,291 ED attendances for LBP were recorded corresponding to 1.12% of the total number of ED attendances with a coded diagnosis. 60% of annual ED attendances for LBP concern 18 to 50 years old adults. The proportion of LBP attendances among the all-cause activity remains stable between 2014 and 2017.At the regional level, LBP proportion among the all-cause activity is similar to the national value in metropolitan regions (0.8% in Brittany to 1.6% in Corsica) and is lower than the national value in overseas regions (0.4% in Mayotte to 0.8% in Guyane) except for Saint-Barthélémy (1.8%).At the national level, almost 10% of ED attendances for LBP are hospitalized after discharge. This proportion increases with age to reach 43% for the 85 years old and more. Proportion of hospitalization ranges between 5.6% (in Paris area) and 17.1% (in Brittany) in metropolitan regions and between 2.8% (Guyane) and 9.3% (Reunion island) in overseas regions.From 2014 to 2017, ED attendances for LBP remain stable by month. However, we observed a slight decrease along the week with more attendances on Monday (17.8% of LBP attendances) than the other days. The attendances are more frequent in the morning (between 6 and 12 AM).At the national level, mean stay duration for LBP attendances in ED is almost 5 hours whereas median stay duration is 2 hours and 45 minutes. Stay duration is longer for patient arrived during night hours (from midnight to 6 AM) and for those hospitalized after discharge. Stay duration is also increasing with age. At the regional level, mean stay duration varies from 3 to more than 6 hours.ConclusionsThe broad coverage of the French ED network on the whole territory since several years enables to give an overview of ED attendances for acute LBP and their characteristics.One strength of the system is its strong partnership between epidemiologists and the ED physicians. It enables to verify that the results of the study are consistent with their perception on the field.The results of this study will be used as reference to evaluate potential benefits of this campaign.Finally, this study is a good illustration of how the syndromic surveillance system in collaboration with ED physicians, can quickly provide valuable data to support political strategies.References[1] Maher et al, Non-specific low back pain Lancet 2017; 389: 736–47 Published Online October 10, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(16)30970-9[2] Assurance Maladie, Le patient adulte atteint de lombalgie commune; Livret d’information Octobre 2017 données SNIRAAM 2014, https://www.ameli.fr/sites/default/files/Documents/346618/document/lombalgie-professionnels-de-sante_assurance-maladie.pdf[3] Caserio-Schönemann C, Bousquet V, Fouillet A, Henry V, pour l’équipe projet SurSaUD®. Le système de surveillance syndromique SurSaUD®. Bull Epidémiol Hebd. 2014;(3-4):38-44.