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Journal articles on the topic 'Physics – Europe – History'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Karassayev, Ganiy, Mukhtarbek Karimov, Gabit Kenzhebayev, Kymbat Baysarina, and Moldir Aldabergenova. "History of Kazakhstan Republic and OSCE Relations (1991-2010)." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University Series Physics 2024, no. 55 (2024): 1991–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.54919/physics/55.2024.128sb1.

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Relevance\Purpose. This research article covers the history of relations between the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the Republic of Kazakhstan since the early 1990s, the nomination of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the OSCE chairmanship in 2009, and its work during the leadership of this organization and raise of the important issues among the countries of the world, such as peace, security, humanitarian and technical assistance, and joint defense against global threats in 2010.Methodology. Valuable data from the archives of the President of the Republic of Kaza

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Marcon, Fanny, Giulio Peruzzi, and Sofia Talas. "The Physics Cabinet of the University of Padua. At the crossroads between Veneto and Europe." Opuscula Musealia 26 (2019): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843852.om.18.010.11003.

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At the beginning of the eighteenth century, new lectures in natural philosophy based on direct and immediate demonstrations began to spread through Europe. Within this context, a chair of experimental philosophy was created at the University of Padua in 1738, and the new professor, Giovanni Poleni, established a Cabinet of Physics, which became very well known in eighteenth-century Europe. In the following two centuries, Poleni’s successors continued to acquire thousands of instruments used for teaching and research, which today are held at the Museum of the History of Physics of the Universit

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Marcon, Fanny, Giulio Peruzzi, and Sofia Talas. "The Physics Cabinet of the University of Padua. At the crossroads between Veneto and Europe." Opuscula Musealia 26 (2019): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843852.om.18.010.11003.

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At the beginning of the eighteenth century, new lectures in natural philosophy based on direct and immediate demonstrations began to spread through Europe. Within this context, a chair of experimental philosophy was created at the University of Padua in 1738, and the new professor, Giovanni Poleni, established a Cabinet of Physics, which became very well known in eighteenth-century Europe. In the following two centuries, Poleni’s successors continued to acquire thousands of instruments used for teaching and research, which today are held at the Museum of the History of Physics of the Universit

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4

van Dongen, Jeroen. "In Europe." Physics in Perspective 22, no. 1 (2020): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00016-020-00252-2.

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5

Pechenkin, A. A. "CONFERENCE “TWO DAYS OF HISTORY AND EPISTEMOLOGY OF QUANTUM INTERPRETATIONS”." Metaphysics, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2224-7580-2023-4-78-86.

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On April 17-18, 2023, an international conference dedicated to the problems of history and philosophy of quantum physics was held in Paris, bringing together physicists, philosophers and historians of science from Europe, America and Australia. The conference discussed both the issues put on the agenda by quantum technologies and traditional philosophical issues of quantum mechanics. The conference was associated with the presentation of the book “The Oxford Handbook of Quantum Interpretations” (2022) and most of the speakers were authors of this collective work.

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de Ceglia, Francesco Paolo. "The Importance of Being Florentine: A Journey around the World for Wax Anatomical Venuses." Nuncius 26, no. 1 (2011): 83–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539111x569775.

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AbstractThis article reconstructs the 19th century history of events regarding a few female wax anatomical models made in Florence. More or less faithful copies of those housed in Florence's Museum of Physics and Natural History, these models were destined for display in temporary exhibitions. In their travels through Europe and the United States, they transformed the expression "Florentine Venus" into a sort of brand name used to label and offer respectability to pieces of widely varying quality.

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Pestre, Dominique. "The Quark Machines: How Europe Fought the Particle Physics War. Gordon Fraser." Isis 89, no. 3 (1998): 563–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/384128.

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McCormmach, Russell. "The Language of Physics: The Calculus and the Development of Theoretical Physics in Europe, 1750-1914. Elizabeth Garber." Isis 92, no. 1 (2001): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385049.

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Freedman, Joseph S. ""Professionalization" and "Confessionalization": the Place of Physics, Philosophy, and Arts Instruction At Central European Academic Institutions During the Reformation Era." Early Science and Medicine 6, no. 4 (2001): 334–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338201x00181.

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AbstractDuring the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, physics was regularly taught as part of instruction in philosophy and the arts at Central European schools and universities. However, physics did not have a special or privileged status within that instruction. Three general indicators of this lack of special status are suggested in this article. First, teachers of physics usually were paid less than teachers of most other university-level subject-matters. Second, very few Central European academics during this period appear to have made a career out of teaching physics. And third,

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Abdul, Malek. "Quō Vādis theoretical physics and cosmology? from Newton’s Metaphysics to Einstein’s Theology." Annals of Mathematics and Physics 6, no. 1 (2023): 065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/amp.000081.

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The crisis in modern theoretical physics and cosmology has its root in its use, along with theology as a ruling-class tool, since medieval Europe. The Copernican revolution overthrowing the geocentric cosmology of theology led to unprecedented social and scientific developments in history. But Isaac Newton’s mathematical idealism-based and on-sided theory of universal gravitational attraction, in essence, restored the idealist geocentric cosmology; undermining the Copernican revolution. Albert Einstein’s theories of relativity proposed since the turn of the 20th century reinforced Newtonian ma

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Damjanovic, Sanja. "SEEIIST: South East European International Institute for Sustainable Technologies." Europhysics News 50, no. 4 (2019): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epn/2019404.

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The states in South East Europe are joining forces to set up a large-scale competitive research infrastructure – the South East European International Institute for Sustainable Technologies (SEEIIST, https://seeiist.euh). Due to the recent history in South East Europe all scientific and economic activities have very much slowed down. As a consequence this region has suffered ever since from a strong brain drain of the young generation, affecting in particular the best.

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Pyenson, Lewis. "The Enlightened Image of Nature in the Dutch East Indies: Consequences of Postmodernist Doctrine for Broad Structures and Intimate Life." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 41, no. 1 (2011): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2011.41.1.1.

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Eighteenth-century natural-history illustration in the Dutch East Indies reveals verisimilitude as a goal shared between colonial artists and their counterparts in Europe. Natural-history images more generally exhibit common styles in the world settled and dominated by Europeans. Apparently dramatic differences in the local settings of the artists produced only trivial variations in representing nature pictorially, in just the way that astronomy and physics in the European colonies and spheres of influence departed hardly at all from European practice. The overwhelming strength of disciplinary

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Bussotti, Paolo. "A POSSIBLE ROLE FOR HISTORY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE EDUCATION." Journal of Baltic Science Education 12, no. 6 (2013): 712–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/13.12.712.

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My research fields are history of mathematics and science, mainly physics and astronomy. I have also published some works on mathematics and physics education (as to these works see Bussotti 2012a; Bussotti 2012b; Pisano-Bussotti, 2012; Bussotti 2013). I have often wondered which role history of science can have inside science education, basically referring to high school and university students. This subject dates back at least at the second half of the 19th century when an important debate took place in Europe as to the most appropriate manner to teach Euclidean geometry. There were various

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Arjun, Tan. "Chronology and Historical Lifespans of the Great Mathematicians of Europe." MATHEMATICS EDUCATION LVIII, no. 2, June 2024 (2024): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12578342.

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         <em>Most of the mathematical discoveries in human history, including the tools and techniques, were developed in the continent of Europe. In this paper, 99 great mathematicians of Europe are chronicled together with their lifespans from the Hellenistic era to the modern era. The long medieval period was devoid of any significant mathematical development. This was followed by the modern era, during which the greatest mathematical development took place.  It began in the early modern period, but then rapidly accelerated in the late modern period. However, t

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Pisano, Raffaele. "SCIENCE, SOCIETY AND CIVILIZATION IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 55, no. 1 (2013): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/13.55.04.

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What about science, society and education in the history? In the 19th century Europe the figure of the scientific engineer is emerging. In Paris the Grandes Écoles were founded, where the most distinguished mathematicians of the time taught to students and drew up treaties. and Joseph–Louis Lagrange (1736–1813) and Gaspard Monge (1746–1818) were among the first professors of mathematics at École Polytechnique (1794), a military school for the training of engineers. In 1794 the École Normal of Paris was also born, in 1808, the École normale supérieure Paris was founded, a school that had as its

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Cartwright, Julyan H. E., and Hisami Nakamura. "Tsunami: a history of the term and of scientific understanding of the phenomenon in Japanese and Western culture." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 62, no. 2 (2008): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2007.0038.

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In the past few years we have unfortunately had several reminders of the ability of a particular type of ocean wave—a tsunami—to devastate coastal areas. The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, in particular, was one of the largest natural disasters of past decades in terms of the number of people killed. The name of this phenomenon, tsunami , is possibly the only term that has entered the physics lexicon from Japanese. We use Japanese and Western sources to document historical tsunami in Europe and Japan, the birth of the scientific understanding of tsunami, and how the Japanese term came to be ado

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CIARDI, MARCO. "R. W. HOME, Electricity and Experimental Physics in 18th-Century Europe, London, Variorum, 1992, XII + 396 pp." Nuncius 8, no. 2 (1993): 730–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539183x00947.

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E. Nothaft, C. Philipp. "The Liber Theoreumacie (1214) and the Early History of the Quadrans Vetus." Journal for the History of Astronomy 51, no. 1 (2020): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828619885504.

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The Liber theoreumacie is a neglected work of practical geometry, written in Strasbourg in 1214, which sheds valuable light on the study and practice of astronomy in early thirteenth-century Europe. In this article, I focus on the first two chapters of Book IV, which both deal with the construction of horary instruments. The first of these chapters contains the earliest known account of the type of universal horary quadrant known as quadrans vetus, which is here given a biblical pedigree by labelling it the “sundial of Ahaz.” The second chapter describes a graphical method of inscribing hour m

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19

Tisza, Laszlo. "Adventures of a Theoretical Physicist, Part I: Europe." Physics in Perspective 11, no. 1 (2009): 46–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00016-008-0405-3.

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20

Magelssen, Scott. "Accumulation, Loss, and Deferral: Charles Campbell and Steve Epley's Site-Specific Performance ‘You Are Here’." New Theatre Quarterly 20, no. 2 (2004): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x04000077.

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This essay is a reflection on the site-specific performance You are Here, created by Charles Campbell and Steve Epley on the roof of the University of Minnesota Tate Lab of Physics in May 2002. Scott Magelssen treats the production within the context of the previous site-specific work of Campbell and Epley, and their Minneapolis-based theatre company Skewed Visions, exploring the project's themes of knowledge-production and memory, the company's unique use of space, and the actor-object mode of performance. Scott Magelssen is Assistant Professor of Theatre Arts at Augustana College, Rock Islan

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21

Gkatis, Georgios, Elisa Pirovano, Maria Diakaki, et al. "The ELISA spectrometer at the JRC-Geel: development, achievements and future plans." HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics 30 (July 31, 2024): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnpsanp.6288.

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The ELISA (ELastic and Inelastic Scattering Array) setup, currently installed at the GELINA (Geel Electron Linear Accelerator) facility of the EC-JRC (European Commission – Joint Research Centre) in Geel (Belgium), is a unique instrument in Europe, used for the production of high-resolution neutron elastic and inelastic scattering cross-section data, relevant for nuclear physics applications. The setup features 32 liquid organic scintillators for the detection of the scattered neutrons coupled with a 235U ionization chamber for the measurement of the neutron flux. This paper outlines a brief h

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Smagulova, Aigerm, Alma Tusupova, Zeine Orazbekova, Gulnaz Kongyrbayeva, and Aigul Issayeva. "The subject of Kazakhstan in English minor genres of literary publicist." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University Series Physics, no. 55 (February 6, 2024): 944–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54919/physics/55.2024.94nd4.

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Relevance. The relevance of the study is that the subject of Kazakhstan can be traced in the history of minor literary genres through the prism of the relationship between English and Kazakh literature, which is most often manifested in the genres of ideological enlightenment and travel. English researchers have published numerous reference books and encyclopedias on the geography, anthropology, and ethnography of the peoples of Asia. The English works of the 19th century contain a large amount of information about the Kazakhs, who at that time lived in Germany, France, England, and other coun

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23

Jackson, Roland. "Eunice Foote, John Tyndall and a question of priority." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 74, no. 1 (2019): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2018.0066.

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In 1856, an American woman, Eunice Foote, discovered the absorption of thermal radiation by carbon dioxide and water vapour. That was three years before John Tyndall, who is generally credited with this important discovery—a cornerstone of our current understanding of the greenhouse effect, climate change, weather and meteorology. Tyndall did not reference Foote's work. From a contemporary perspective, one might expect that Tyndall would have known of her findings. But it appears that he did not, raising deeper historical questions about the connections and relationships between American and E

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Lloyd, Geoffrey. "After Joseph Needham: The legacy reviewed, the agenda revised – some personal reflections." Cultures of Science 3, no. 1 (2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2096608320917579.

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We all owe Joseph Needham an immense debt for discovering Chinese science and technology for Western scholars. But his famous question (Why did the Chinese, who had been so far in advance of Europe until the 17th century, fail to produce modern science independently?) is simplistic. Needham’s discussion relied on categories (‘physics’, ‘engineering’, even ‘mathematics’) that are largely anachronistic. He was preoccupied by questions of priorities (who did what first). We should recognise that the historical record brings to light many breakthroughs in the development of science, in Egypt, Meso

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Machado Neto, Raul. "Internationalization at the University of São Paulo." Revista de Medicina 95, spe3 (2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v95ispe3p5-6.

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The University of São Paulo, founded in 1934, started under the influence of important foreigners academicians in our campuses. The beginning of our university was the result of a fusion of the already existing colleges – Law School, School of Engineering, School of Pharmacy and Dentistry, College of Agriculture, Medical School, and School of Veterinary Medicine. In addition, in 1934, the School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters was created being responsible for human sciences – Philosophy, History, Geography, Sociology – and hard sciences – Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry – that academi

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Pyenson, Lewis. "The Einstein-Picasso Question." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 43, no. 3 (2012): 281–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2013.43.3.281.

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The theories of relativity in physics and the style known as Cubism in painting found a favorable reception by theoretical physicists, on the one hand, and avant-garde art dealers and patrons, on the other hand, across the seven years before the First World War. The climate in bourgeois Europe contributing to this rapid assimilation of revolutionary, intellectual work is examined from the point of view of material culture. Emphasis is placed on Neo-Idealist abstraction in urban decoration and design, with a focus on Oriental carpets, wallpaper, and electrical lighting. Elements from all three

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Castel-Branco, Nuno. "From Flanders to Lisbon to the Mughal Empire: Hendrick Uwens and the Mathematical Backstage of a Jesuit Missionary’s Life." Early Science and Medicine 25, no. 3 (2020): 224–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-00253p02.

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Abstract Hendrick Uwens (1618-1667) was a Flemish-educated Jesuit who became a missionary to the Mughal Empire. Prior to embarking on his missionary work, he taught mixed mathematics in Lisbon in the early 1640s. Both in Europe and India, Uwens often insisted on portraying himself as a mathematician. Mathematics allowed him to be amongst the first teachers of certain aspects of Galileo’s physics and to promote a mechanical worldview – unusual ideas in early Jesuit circles. He also used mathematics to negotiate his missionary appointments in Asia. This paper analyzes the manuscript writings pro

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Vina Atiqatul Maula and Alfina Wildatul Fitriyah. "Sains Islam VS Sains Barat." Karakter : Jurnal Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Islam 1, no. 3 (2024): 70–80. https://doi.org/10.61132/karakter.v1i3.56.

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Islamic science and Western science are two rich scientific traditions with a long history and significant contributions to science. Despite some similarities, they also have fundamental differences in methodology, epistemology, and goals. Islamic science flourished during the Middle Ages, driven by intellectual curiosity and the urge to understand God's creation. Muslim scientists combined the revelations of the Koran with observations and experiments to produce advances in a variety of fields, including astronomy, mathematics, physics, optics, and medicine. They emphasized the importance of

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MacMahon, Michael K. C. "The work of Richard John Lloyd (1846–1906) and “the crude system of doctrine which passes at present under the name of Phonetics”." Historiographia Linguistica 34, no. 2-3 (2007): 281–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.34.2.05mac.

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Summary Richard John Lloyd (1846–1906) was a well-known Liverpool businessman who also pursued the study of phonetics, English language, literature, sociology and philosophy. His wide intellectual background embraced mathematics and physics too. His work in phonetics is characterised by a particular emphasis on the acoustics of vowel sounds, as well as by close attention to the fine detail of articulation (what he called “minute phonetics”). Alongside a small group of scientists in Europe, he was actively involved in research into the formant structure of vowels. His relatively early death mea

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Rudenberg, H. Gunther. "The 50 years before the Electron Microscope: From electron to electron lens — hans busch and the “Göttingen Group”." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (1992): 1084–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100130055.

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Much of the research to characterize the electron at the turn of the century was made by physics professors at Göttingen University in Germany. Their efforts led their student Hans Busch to experiment and later to analyze the focusing action of a magnetic coil. With this he gave birth to the field of electron optics. Little known are either the delays associated with his discovery or the contributions of others in the “Göttingen Electron Group.”In 1881, fifty years before the invention of the electron microscope, Rieke in Göttingen analyzed the constriction of the canal rays in a Crookes tube

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Esmaeili, Mohammad Javad. "THE SCIENCES OF THE ANCIENTS AND THEIR DIVISIONS AQSĀM ʿULŪM AL-AWĀʾIL: A TEXT ATTRIBUTED TO AVICENNA, AN EDITION WITH A BRIEF INTRODUCTION". Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 31, № 2 (2021): 183–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957423921000060.

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AbstractThe famous philosopher and scientist Abū ʿAlī b. Sīnā (d. 428/1037) had an exceptional command of all the subjects on which he wrote. He is especially known for his many writings in logic, philosophy, and medicine. His influence was such that even in Europe, his works on physics, metaphysics and medicine in particular, were widely studied until the beginning of modern times. A keen mind, he had a full understanding of the inner structure of the Islamo-Hellenistic tradition that he perpetuated and in places helped to develop and reshape. This is not only borne out by his many writings,

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Suwannarach, Nakarin, Jaturong Kumla, Surapong Khuna, et al. "History of Thai Mycology and Resolution of Taxonomy for Thai Macrofungi Confused with Europe and American Names." Chiang Mai Journal of Science 49, no. 3 (2022): 654–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/cmjs.2022.052.

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Fungi are a diverse eukaryotic group that is distributed throughout the world. Many mycologists have identifi ed Thailand as a hot spot for the discovery of novel macrofungal taxa. Currently, a combination of morphological and molecular data is required for correct macrofungal identifi cation. Traditionally, Thai macrofungi have been studied and described based on morphological characteristics. Many species of fungi have been linked to native species that had previously been identifi ed in America and Europe. These have been included on checklists that have come to be regularly cited in many p

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Graefe, O. "The reflexive turn in French and German-speaking geography in comparison." Geographica Helvetica 68, no. 1 (2013): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-68-61-2013.

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Abstract. The papers presented by Bernard Debarbieux and Ute Wardenga at the symposium on "Les fabriques des `Géographies' – making Geographies in Europe'' and published in this thematic issue both take a historiographical perspective, which at a first glance seems evident. In order to understand how geography is thought about and practiced, the best is to look back on how these thoughts and practices have been respectively established and have evolved in the different national contexts. But at second glance, this historiographical perspective seems revealing regarding the status and the posit

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Memon, Masood Akhtar, Abdul Malik Abbasi, Salma Niazi, Imtiaz Husain, and Syeda Sarah Junaid. "Vocabulary Acquisition Through Content and Language Integrated Learning." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 18, no. 12 (2023): 142–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v18i12.39287.

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Abstract―This study aims to attempt to the learning outcomes of the learners with a focus on Vocabulary Acquisition (VA), taught through CLIL (Content & Language Integrated Learning) as compared to the normal language teaching of EFL lessons. Linguists have introduced several methods and trends in the field of language learning. CLIL is the most recent and most effective method that has gained widespread popularity and is widely used and implemented in Europe and other parts of the world. It is a dual-focused method of language teaching, especially in foreign or second language teaching wi

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Harrington, Anne. "Interwar “German” Psychobiology: Between Nationalism and the Irrational." Science in Context 4, no. 2 (1991): 429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700001046.

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The ArgumentThis paper is concerned with “holism” as a German cultural “style” of doing psychobiology in Central Europe between the two world wars. The paper takes its starting point from a critical analysis of Forman's writings on nationalism versus internationalism in interwar German science, and the alleged “accommodation” of interwar German physics to an antiscientific, irrationalist culture. The paper argues that psychobiological holism was not just a reaction against nineteenth-century atomistic or mechanistic approaches to modeling life and mind; it also represented a domestically direc

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Agnew, Éadaoin. "“Physically this universe is one”: Universal Unity in Swami Vivekananda’s Raja Yoga." Victorian Popular Fictions Journal 5, no. 2 (2023): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46911/atyv2287.

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Swami Vivekananda’s Raja Yoga (1896), the focus of this article, is usually credited with starting the yoga renaissance in the late nineteenth century. The text marks a watershed moment in yoga history when Vivekananda translated and popularised the ancient Indian Yoga Sutras by the sage Patanjali as part of anti-colonial intercultural exchanges between east and west in the fin de siècle. The book’s transnational discourse drew from contemporary new physics and neo-Vedantic philosophy as well as Indian nationalism, pre-Freudian psychology, Western occultism, and modern ideas about physical hea

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McCRAY, W. PATRICK. "Project Vista, Caltech, and the dilemmas of Lee DuBridge." Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 34, no. 2 (2004): 339–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsps.2004.34.2.339.

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ABSTRACT: In the summer of 1951, more than one hundred scientists and other academics participated in Project Vista, a secret study hosted by the California Institute of Technology. Its purpose was to determine how existing technologies as well as ones soon to be available——tactical nuclear weapons, in particular——could offset NATO's weaker conventional forces and repel a massive Soviet invasion of Europe many perceived as likely if not imminent. Despite the best efforts of scientists like William Fowler, Lee DuBridge, and J. Robert Oppenheimer, Vista's recommendations were eventually suppress

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Wittry, David B., and Nicholas C. Barbi. "X-ray Crystal Spectrometers and Monochromators in Microanalysis." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, no. 2 (2001): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100050010080.

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Abstract Castaing’s successful implementation and application of the electron probe microanalyzer in 1950 stimulated a flurry of development activity around the world. The later versions of this instrument represented a truly international effort, with significant contributions by scientists from Europe, Asia, and North America. If the probe-forming system of the instrument was its heart, the X-ray wavelength spectrometer was its soul. This article reviews some of the history of spectrometer developments—lthrough the “golden years” of microprobe development, namely the dozen or so years follow

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Sigmirean, Corneliu Cezar. "FROM MENTAL MODELS OF ADVERTISING." ANUARUL INSTITUTULUI DE CERCETĂRI SOCIO-UMANE „GHEORGHE ŞINCAI” 27 (2024): 231–41. https://doi.org/10.59277/icsugh.sincai.27.15.

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The history of humankind is marked by numerous shifts in perspective that have occurred at the societal level and have led to radical transformations. In science, Thomas Kuhn, one of the greatest philosophers of science, called these transformations “paradigm shifts,” with examples including the transition from Newtonian physics to Einstein’s relativistic perspective and the “cognitive revolution” that replaced behaviorist perspectives on human behavior. Today, such paradigm shifts are even more evident. Romania and some Eastern European countries entered this carousel of „paradigm shifts” lat

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ABBRI, FERDINANDO. "IL MISTERIOSO SPIRITUS SALIS." Nuncius 2, no. 2 (1987): 55–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539187x00033.

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Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The spiritus salis (hydrochloric acid) was known as a mineral acid from antiquity, but its exact chemical composition remained a mystery until the emergence of electrochemistry in the early nineteenth century. The case of this acid shows the complex status of the concept of chemical substance in the various phases of the historical evolution of modern chemical thought. The aim of this paper is to show such a complex status through an examination of the research in electrochemistry which took place in Tuscany at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The paper spe

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Sawicki, Jerzy. "Kleist vs. Musschenbroek – trudna droga do prawdy." Studia Historiae Scientiarum 17 (December 12, 2018): 275–340. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543702xshs.18.011.9331.

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On October 11, 1745, a German scientist Ewald Georg (Jürgen) Kleist in Cammin in Pommern (today Kamień Pomorski) discovered both the phenomenon of storing electricity in a glass vessel with water, and a new device – an electric capacitor. Kleist quickly and correctly announced his discovery to the scientific community. The greatest help in confirming the discovery and its publication was received by Kleist from Daniel Gralath who was active in the first Polish Society for Experimental Physics Societas Physicae Experimentalis in Gdańsk. At the beginning of 1746, in the Dutch Leiden, in the work

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de Angelis, Alessandro, and Selenia Broccio. "First Observations of SN 1604 (Kepler’s Supernova)." Universe 7, no. 11 (2021): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7110430.

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A supernova close enough to the Earth is a spectacular event: it can appear as a “new star” as luminous as Venus, or even more, visible for several days. The rate of Galactic supernovae is expected to be of about one in 30 years, with a fraction visible to the naked eye; however in all the history of human civilization only seven supernovae in the Milky Way have been reported, the last two (1572 and 1604) during Galilei’s life. The supernova of 1604, today called Kepler’s Supernova, was observed by Galilei, Kepler and other astronomers in Europe, Korea, China, Arabia. Like the supernova SN1572

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Brinkis, K., V. Kreslins, and A. Mutule. "Operative and technological management of super-large united power grids: lessons of major world’s blackouts." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 51, no. 1 (2014): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2014-0001.

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ABSTRACT Power system (PS) blackouts still persist worldwide, evidencing that the existing protective structures need to be improved. The discussed requirements and criteria to be met for joint synchronous operation of large and super-large united PSs should be based on close co-ordination of operative and technological management of all PSs involved in order to ensure secure and stable electricity supply and minimise or avoid the threat of a total PS blackout. The authors analyse the July 2012 India blackout - the largest power outage in history, which affected over 620 million people, i.e. h

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Abylkasymova Alma Esimbekovna,, Kusherbaeva Maikul Rakhmanberdievna,, and Tamaev Sabit Tamaevich,. "METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS IN THE WORKS OF AL FARABI." BULLETIN 6, no. 388 (2020): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1467.215.

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This year, at the UNESCO level, the 1150th anniversary of Abu Nasir al-Farabi (870-950), a world famous figure in all fields of science born in Otyrar, is the center of science and education, culture in the Middle Ages. The idea of the great scientist, who at one time was able to analyze at a high level the works of Aristotle and Plato, who became the great philosopher of their time, has not lost its relevance to this day, having formed a new system of thinking through his scientific works and raise the intellectual level of the scientific worldview.He knew that one of the main goals of scienc

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Dulal, Lok Nath. "Sculpture of Panchayan Deities of National Museum: An Illustrative Stone Work of Nepal." International Journal of Culture and History 9, no. 1 (2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijch.v9i1.19534.

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Historical evidence proves the history of sculpturing art is as old as the history of human beings. The findings of stone sculpture and other forms of art from the different prehistoric sites of Europe, Africa and Asia have strongly supported the above mentioned acquaintance. It means the tradition of sculpturing stone art has evolved from the pre- historic culture in the world. Likewise, the tradition of creating stone sculpture and other forms of stone art also existed from the pre- historic age in Nepalese society. It is justified through the findings of hand axes and other different art ob

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TYBJERG, KARIN. "J. LENNART BERGGREN and ALEXANDER JONES, Ptolemy'sGeography: An Annotated Translation of the Theoretical Chapters. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2000. Pp. xiii+192. ISBN 0-691-01042-0. £24.95, $39.50 (hardback)." British Journal for the History of Science 37, no. 2 (2004): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087404215813.

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J. Lennart Berggren and Alexander Jones, Ptolemy's Geography: An Annotated Translation of the Theoretical Chapters. By Karin Tybjerg 194Natalia Lozovsky, ‘The Earth is Our Book’: Geographical Knowledge in the Latin West ca. 400–1000. By Evelyn Edson 196David Cantor (ed.), Reinventing Hippocrates. By Daniel Brownstein 197Peter Dear, Revolutionizing the Sciences: European Knowledge and Its Ambitions, 1500–1700. By John Henry 199Paolo Rossi, Logic and the Art of Memory: The Quest for a Universal Language. By John Henry 200Marie Boas Hall, Henry Oldenburg: Shaping the Royal Society. By Christoph L

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Sloot, P. M. A., Peter V. Coveney, G. Ertaylan, V. Müller, C. A. Boucher, and M. Bubak. "HIV decision support: from molecule to man." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, no. 1898 (2009): 2691–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0043.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is recognized to be one of the most destructive pandemics in recorded history. Effective highly active antiretroviral therapy and the availability of genetic screening of patient virus data have led to sustained viral suppression and higher life expectancy in patients who have been infected with HIV. The sheer complexity of the disease stems from the multiscale and highly dynamic nature of the system under study. The complete cascade from genome, proteome, metabolome and physiome to health forms a multidimensional system that crosses many orders of magnitude

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Panti, Cecilia. "<italic>Scandalous Error. Calendar Reform and Calendrical Astronomy in Medieval Europe</italic>, by C. Philipp E. Nothaft." Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage 23, no. 1 (2020): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2020.01.13.

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Wigelsworth, Jeff. ":Physico-theology: Religion and Science in Europe, 1650–1750." Journal of Modern History 95, no. 2 (2023): 428–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/724644.

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Chebotarov, V. "At the Core of Economic Educational, Scientific and Pedagogical Elaboration." Economic Herald of the Donbas, no. 1 (63) (2021): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2021-1(63)-233-237.

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The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of one of the oldest institutions of higher education in the south-eastern Ukraine – Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University. The achievements and contribution of LNU in the fields of pedagogy, history, geography, philology and linguistics, physics and mathematics, and Olympic sports are widely known in Ukraine and abroad. At the level of the best achievements there are also achievements of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University in the field of economic science, which is shown by the example of the modern department of economics, mar

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