Academic literature on the topic 'Physiological aspects of Swimming for children'
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Journal articles on the topic "Physiological aspects of Swimming for children"
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CHATARD, JEAN-CLAUDE, JEAN-MARC LAVOIE, HELENE OTTOZ, PIERRE RANDAXHE, GEORGES CAZORLA, and JEAN-RENE LACOUR. "Physiological aspects of swimming performance for persons with disabilities." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 24, no. 1 (November 1992): 1276???1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199211000-00013.
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Balan, Valeria. "Aspects of the Swimming Lesson Design at Disabled Children." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 197 (July 2015): 1679–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.07.219.
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Klika, Riggs J., and William G. Thorland. "Physiological Determinants of Sprint Swimming Performance in Children and Young Adults." Pediatric Exercise Science 6, no. 1 (February 1994): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.6.1.59.
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The purpose of this study was to identify physiological determinants of sprint (91.4 m) swimming velocity that discriminated between performance levels in male children (n = 12, age = 10.26 ± 1.00) and in young adult (n = 16, age = 19.78 ± 1.61) competitors. Independent variables included stature, arm length, body mass, body density, body fat, muscularity, leg power, and measures taken during swimming, which included arm stroke force, leg kick force, peak oxygen consumption rate, stroke rate, and stroke efficiency. Discriminant analysis revealed that in the children, higher levels of leg-kick force, peak VO2, stroke efficiency, and muscularity were the most potent variables contributing to the classification of the faster swimmers. In the young adults, higher levels of stroke efficiency, body density, and muscularity, served as the significant discriminators of the faster swimmers. When compared across age groups, these results indicated that substantial differences in stroke efficiency and muscularity significantly accounted for higher performance in these children versus young adult sprint swimmers.
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TURGAY, Faruk, Mehmet Zeki ÖZKOL, Faik VURAL, Tolga AKŞİT, Bahtiyar ÖZÇALDIRAN, Mustafa Armağan ONGUN, Mübin Akın ONGUN, and Mesut NALÇAKAN. "The Physiological Responses to 5000 m Open Water Swimming Exercise in Children." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences 9, no. 1 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2016-51376.
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Nikitakis, Ioannis, Giorgos Paradisis, Gregory Bogdanis, and Argyris Toubekis. "Physiological Responses of Continuous and Intermittent Swimming at Critical Speed and Maximum Lactate Steady State in Children and Adolescent Swimmers." Sports 7, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7010025.
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Background: The purpose of this study was to compare physiological responses during continuous and intermittent swimming at intensity corresponding to critical speed (CS: slope of the distance vs. time relationship using 200 and 400-m tests) with maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) in children and adolescents. Methods: CS and the speed corresponding to MLSS (sMLSS) were calculated in ten male children (11.5 ± 0.4 years) and ten adolescents (15.8 ± 0.7 years). Blood lactate concentration (BL), oxygen uptake ( V · O2), and heart rate (HR) at sMLSS were compared to intermittent (10 × 200-m) and continuous swimming corresponding to CS. Results: CS was similar to sMLSS in children (1.092 ± 0.071 vs. 1.083 ± 0.065 m·s−1; p = 0.12) and adolescents (1.315 ± 0.068 vs. 1.297 ± 0.056 m·s−1; p = 0.12). However, not all swimmers were able to complete 30 min at CS and BL was higher at the end of continuous swimming at CS compared to sMLSS (children: CS: 4.0 ± 1.8, sMLSS: 3.4 ± 1.5; adolescents: CS: 4.5 ± 2.3, sMLSS: 3.1 ± 0.8 mmol·L−1; p < 0.05). V · O2 and HR in continuous swimming at CS were not different compared to sMLSS (p > 0.05). BL, V · O2 and HR in 10 × 200-m were similar to sMLSS and no different between groups. Conclusion: Intermittent swimming at CS presents physiological responses similar to sMLSS. Metabolic responses of continuous swimming at CS may not correspond to MLSS in some children and adolescent swimmers.
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Hue, Olivier, Sophie Antoine-Jonville, Olivier Galy, and Stephen Blonc. "Anthropometric and Physiological Characteristics in Young Afro-Caribbean Swimmers: A Preliminary Study." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 8, no. 3 (May 2013): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.3.271.
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The authors investigated the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of young Guadeloupian competitive swimmers in relation to swimming performance and compared the abilities of these children with those of the young white swimmers reported in the literature. All 2004 competitive swimmers between 10 and 14 y old (126 children, 61 boys and 65 girls, 12.0 ± 1.3 y) from Guadeloupe underwent anthropometric measurements and physiological and performance testing. Six boys on the French national swimming team are referred to hereafter as the 2011 elite subgroup. Anthropometric parameters, a jump-and-reach test, glide, and estimated aerobic power (eVO2max) were assessed in terms of swimming-performance analysis through a 400-m test. This study demonstrated that the Guadeloupian swimmers had more body fat than most age-matched white swimmers but had very poor hydrostatic lift; they had higher peak jump height and they swam as well as their white counterparts. The variability in 400-m performance between subjects was best described by glide, age, and eVO2max. Compared with the group of boys with the same age, the 2011 elite subgroup was significantly better for arm span, peak jump height, glide, and 400-m and 15-m performances. Further research is needed to investigate motor organization and energy cost of swimming in Afro-Caribbean swimmers.
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Rowland, Thomas W. "Physiological Aspects of Early Specialized Athletic Training in Children." Kinesiology Review 4, no. 3 (August 2015): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/kr.2015-0021.
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Performance in all forms of motor activity related to sport performance improves progressively during the course of the childhood years as a consequence of normal growth and development. Whether (a) sport training can accelerate and ultimately enhance this biological development and (b) the existence of certain ages when training might prove to be more effective in improving performance, particularly early in childhood, remains uncertain. Physiological adaptations to endurance training in prepubertal children (improvements in maximal oxygen uptake) are dampened compared with adults, but enhancements of strength following resistance training are equally effective at all ages. The extent that intensive training regimens characteristic of early sport specialization in children can trigger physiological and performance adaptations may therefore depend on the form of exercise involved. Clearly, additional research is needed to enhance the understanding of the physiological responses to intensive sport training in prepubertal individuals.
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Kasim, Khaled, Soliman Amer, Mohamed Mosaad, Alaa Abdel-Wahed, and Hazem Allam. "Some Epidemiologic Aspects of Common Warts in Rural Primary School Children." ISRN Epidemiology 2013 (December 8, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/283591.
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Cutaneous warts are common in children worldwide, although the prevalence figures are conflicting. There are few publications on that issue, particularly in rural Egypt. The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of warts of hands in rural primary school children and to examine some risk factors associated with warts in these children. The study examined 1833 children from 15 rural primary schools in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt, for the presence of warts. Data about sociodemographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors were collected. Prevalence of warts was estimated. Appropriate statistical analyses including multivariate logistic regression were done. The prevalence of warts of hands in the studied children was 2.3% (1.3–3.3%) with no significant sex difference. The risk of warts increased significantly in children reported swimming in Nile channels (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 5.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.9–10.6) and child labor (adjusted OR = 4.5; 95% CI = 2.3–8.8). A ninety percent risk reduction was observed in children with educated parents. The study findings demonstrated a significant increase in the risk of warts among rural children reported swimming in Nile channels and child labor. Parents’ education, on the other hand, was found to play an important role in risk reduction.
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Ostrowska - Karpisz, Anna, and Małgorzata Siekańska. "Communication between the coach and children learning to swim." Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences 29, no. 86 (December 31, 2019): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7800.
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Aim. The purpose of this study is: (a) to examine how swimming coaches perceive their communication skills and preferences; (b) to better understand the behaviour of coach-athlete communication during practice sessions; (c) to explore similarities and differences between coaches’ declared and actual communication behaviour. Basic procedures. To accomplish this purpose, 10 swimming coaches (6 males, 4 females; mage=31 years) were invited to take part in the two-part study. First, the participants were asked to answer 6 questions about their communicational behaviours towards children during typical swimming practices. Then, during a real swimming session, both verbal and non-verbal communication was recorded (content of the message, recipient of the message, body posture, gestures, proxemics, vocal aspects). Results. The obtained results show that the coaches used six of communication behaviours. The results revealed a discrepancy between the coaches’ declared and observed communication preferences. The data analysis shows that the coaches provided both feedback (40.7%) and feedforward (59. 3%) information. In the research, it is shown that swimming teachers used non-verbal messages more often (63%) than verbal ones. Conclusions. In the teaching process, it is important that the trainer/coach provides not only information regarding the tasks to be performed but also information improving the atmosphere and also the quality of the exercises performed.
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Lundeberg, Stefan, and Thomas Lundeberg. "Pain in infants and children—Physiological background and clinical aspects." Acupuncture and Related Therapies 1, no. 4 (October 2013): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthe.2013.05.002.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Physiological aspects of Swimming for children"
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Beltz, John D. "Physiological response to interval training." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/486191.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of swimming distance and rest interval on the intensity of swimming (relative to VO2 max) and the contributions of the three energy systems (aerobic, anaerobic, and alactic) during these interval sets. Nine male college swimmers performed fourteen different interval training sets. Distances were 25, 50, 100, or 200 yards with rest intervals of 10 seconds, 1, and 3 minutes. During these sets only the distance to be swum and the rest interval for the set was given. No qualitative information from the coach was provided. These interval sets were performed by the swimmers with the influence from timers being kept minimal. Oxygen cost during the swim was determined from the velocity of the swim based on a linear regression for swimming velocity and oxygen uptake for each swimmer. The same interval sets were completed with pace controled where venous blood samples were obtained 1, 3, 5, and 7 minutes after the completion of each training set. 81ood samples were analyzed for lactate accumulation, blood pH, p0.,, pCO2, and hemoglobin. From these values bicarbonate, base excess, and blood oxygen saturation were calculated using equations developed by Siggard-Anderson. The results of this study do indicate that there is a predictable relationship between swimming distance and rest interval on swimming intensity (relative to VO., max). There was a curvilinear L relationship between swimming intensity (relative to VO max) and rest interval for 50, 100, and 200 yard interval sets. The correlation at these distances were r-0.96, 0.93, and 0.94 respectively. There was a linear relationship between intensity and the distance swum for the 10 second, 1, and 3 minute rest intervals. The correlation for these rest intervals were r= 0.99, 0.99, and 1.00 respectively. There was an increase in the relative contribution of aerobic energy as the distance of the swim increased for all three rest intervals. At a given swiming distance there was a greater contribution of non-aerobic energy as the rest interval increased. Contrary to continuous swimming, greater swimming velocity does not directly correspond to greater contributions of anaerobic energy during intermittent swimming. The distance and rest interval during intermittent training greatly effect the relative contributions of the three energy systems. The intensity of the swim and the relative contributions of each energy system should be considered when planning specific training regimens.
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Kerr, Chadwick G. "Hypothermia during Olympic triathlon : influence of body heat storage during the swimming stage." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1014852.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if mild heat stress induced by wearing a wet suit while swimming in relatively warm water (25.4 ± 0.1°C) increases the risk of heat injury during the subsequent cycling and running stages. Specificlly, during an Olympic distance triathlon in a hot and humid environment (32°C & 65% RH). Five male triathletes randomly completed two simulated triathlons (Swim=30 min; Bike=40 km; Run=10 km) in the laboratory using a swimming flume, cycle ergometer, and running treadmill. In both trials, all conditions were identical, except for the swimming portion in which a full length, sleeveless neoprene wet suit was worn during one trial (WS) and a competitive brief swimming suit during the other (SS). The swim portion consisted of a 30 min standardized swim in which oxygen consumption (V02) was replicated, regardless of WS or SS. During the cycling and running stages, however, the subjects were asked to complete the distances as fast as possible. Core Temperature (T) was not significantly different between the SS and WS trials at any time point during the triathlon. However, mean skin temperature (TSk) and mean body temperature (Tb) were higher (p<0.05) in the WS at 15 (TSk=+4.1°C, Tb=+1.5°C) and 30 min (TSk=+4°C, Tb=+1.6°C) of the swim. These TSk and Tb differences were eliminated by 15 min of the cycling stage and remained similar (p>0.05) through the end of the triathlon. Moreover, there were no differences (p>0.05) in V02, heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), or thermal sensation (TS) between the WS and SS. Additionally, no significant differences were found in cycling (SS=1:14:46 ± 2:48 vs. WS=1:14:37 ± 2:54 min), running (SS=55:40 ± 1:49 vs. WS=57:20 ± 4:00 min) or total triathlon times (SS=2:40:26 ± 1:58 vs. WS=2:41:57 ± 1:37 min). Therefore, the primary finding was that wearing a wet suit during the swimming stage of an Olympic distance triathlon in 25.4°C water does not adversely affect the thermal responses or the triathlete's ability to perform on the subsequent cycling and running stages.School of Physical Education
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Flynn, Michael Gerald. "Fat storage in athletes : the metabolic and hormonal responses to swimming and running exercise." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/516210.
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Despite similar rates of energy expenditure during training, competitive swimmers have been shown to store significantly greater amounts of body fat than competitive runners. In an attempt to explain these discrepancies, male collegiate swimmers (n=8) and runners (n=8) were monitored during 45 min of swimming and running, respectively (75% V02 max), and during two hours of recovery. In addition, a group of male competitive triathletes (n=6) were similarly monitored during and after both swimming and running exercise.Blood samples were obtained after 15 min rest prior to exercise and at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min of recovery and were analyzed for glucose, lactate, glycerol, free fatty acids, insulin, glucagons, norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E). Respiratory gases were collected at 15 min intervals during exercise and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min of recovery. Heart rate and mean body temperature were recorded at 10 min intervals throughout recovery. There were no differences in post-exercise oxygen consumption or heart rate while the RER suggested increased fat oxidation after exercise for the swimmers and the swimming triathletes. The mean body temperature and mean skin temperatures were significantly lower throughout 120 min of recovery for the swimmers compared to the runners. The triathletes demonstrated a similar tendency but these differences were not significant. The serum glucose levels were significantly greater (P<0.05) immediately post-exercise for the runners compared to the swimmers (6.71 +0.29 and 4.97 +0.19 mmol•1-1, respectively). Blood glucose values were also significantly greater immediately post-run for the triathletes (6.40 +0.26 and 4.87 ±0.18 mmol-l-1 for running and swimming, respectively). Blood glucose values remained elevated for runners and the running triathletes up to 30 min of recovery. Free fatty acids were similar after the run and the swim, but glycerols were increased immediately after running in the runners (P<0.05) and the triathletes (P<0.05). Differences in blood glucose levels or fat release were not explained by differences in NE, E or cortisol. The glucagon-to-insulin (G:I) ratio was significantly increased after exercise in the swimmers and the swimming triathletes. This, combined with a reduced RER after the swimming trials, suggests that the reduced glucose levels were due to reduced hepatic glycogen stores. The results of this study suggest that there were differences in substrate utilization during running and swimming exercise of the same intensity. These differences were not explained by NE, E or cortisol; however, the increased G:T ratio suggests increased carbohydrate use during exercise in the swimmers. Finally, body fat differences between runners and swimmers were not explained by differences in post-exercise energy expenditure or fat oxidation.
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D'Acquisto, Leonardo J. "Relationship between swimming economy, skill, power, and performance in the breaststroke." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/486593.
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A "velocity-video" system was developed with the intent of measuring forward body velocity changes and technical skill during swimming. The system consists of a "swim-meter", video camera, A-D converter, Apple IIE computer, Microkey system, VCR and monitor. A correlation of 1.0 was found between the velocity computed by the "velocity-video" system and a known speed. Furthermore, comparison of the velocity pattern of breaststroke from video with digitized film revealed a correlation of 0.95. These results suggest that the "velocity-video" system is a valid method of describing swimming velocity and corresponding changes in body position. The second part of this investigation examined the relationship between physiological economy (ml 02-U_1-LBW-7L), technical skill, swim power, and performance between "superior" and "good" male and female breaststrokers. Swimmers were categorized based on best 100 yd performance time. To study physiological economy oxygen uptake was determined after a 400 yd submaximal breaststroke swim. No significant difference in economy (ml 02•m-1 -LBW-1) was noted between the superior and good swimmers for both males and females. The superior male swimmers, however, were found to have lower blood lactate values compared to the good male breaststrokers', 1.85 + 0.39 vs. 4.49 ± 0.86 mM•1-1. The superior males and females were found cover a greater distance per stroke compared to the good males and females, respectively. The ability to generate power and/or peak power was found to be an important factor in sprint performance (r = 0.91 and 0.92, respectively). During a submaximal effort the superior swimmers spent a greater amount of time during the glide and leg recovery phases of the breaststroke cycle than the good swimmers. The results of the present study suggest that the superior breaststrokers were characterized by there ability to minimize drag during the glide and leg recovery phases of the stroke cycle. This suggests greater technical skill as evidenced by the superior swimmers' ability to cover a greater distance per stroke cycle at a given speed.
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Gao, Jiaping. "The influence of NaHCOb3s ingestion on interval swimming : acid-base balance and performance." Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/487342.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of oral NaHCOa administration on the alteration of acid-base balance and performance of high-intensity interval swimming. Ten male college swimmers were studied on five test days within a two-week period. Each test day consisted of five 100-yd freestyle swims with a two-minute rest interval between each bout. Subjects received two NaHCO3, two placebo and one no-drink treatments for the five test days. One hour before the onset of swimming the subjects were given 300 ml of citric acid flavored solution containing either NaCl (placebo) or NaHC03 (experimental), or received no drink. The dose of NaHCO3 solution was 0.25 9/kg-1 body weight. Before the sprint trial test a 300-yd warmup swimming was performed followed by a nine-minute rest. Performance times for each 100-yd swim were recorded. Blood samples were obtained before and one hour after treatment, two minutes after warmup and the last bout of swim. Blood, pH, lactate, standard bicarbonate (SBC) and base excess (BE) were measured. After the statistical analysis had shown there were no differences between the corresponding values of two trials for the same treatment, the data for identical treatments were combined and reanalyzed statistically as one group. All the corresponding variables between placebo and no-drink revealed no differences. Performance times of the fourth and fifth swimming bouts were faster (P < 0.05) and blood lactate after exercise was higher (P < 0.05) in NaHCO3 condition. Blood pH, SBC, BE were higher (P < 0.05) at post-treatment, post-warmup and post-last bout of swim in NaHCO3 condition. The difference between NaHCO3 and the other two conditions on the increment of lactate (2.0 mM) was proportional to that on the decrement of SBC (2.2 meq/1) after exercise. The data from the placebo and NaHCO3 treatments shown a positive correlation between hydrogen ion and lactate concentrations (r = 0.923) and a negative correlation between SBC and lactate concentrations (r = -0.941) after warmup and exercise. These data are in agreement with previous findings that during repeated bouts of exercise pre-exercise administration of NaHCO3 improves performance, possibly by facilitating the efflux of lactate and hydrogen ions from working muscles and thereby delaying the onset of fatigue.
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Vitelli, Carol A. "Comparison of heart rate to lactate as related to performance of competitive male swimmers." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/445247.
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Twelve competitive male swimmers were studied for a comparison of lactate/velocity profiles to heart rate/velocity profiles during a season of swim training. Lactate concentration (mM) and post-exercise heart rate (sum of three) after a 200-yard submaximal swim (approximately 90% of maximal attainable velocity) and a maximal swim were determined three times during the season: at the beginning (T1), after two months of training (T2) and after four months of training (T3). Both profiles demonstrated a significant rightward shift at T2 and a smaller, further shift at T3. Both lactate and heart rate significantly decreased at an absolute and relative exercise intensity in response to training. It is concluded that either parameter can be useful in monitoring training progress and for determining optimal training intensities. Because of the expense and difficulty of blood lactate measurements, heart rate/ velocity profiles can provide a practical and non-invasive alternative to blood lactate testing.
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Strange, Cecily. "The relationship of psycho-social factors to swimming competency and attendance at swimming programs among year seven students." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0041.
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Children in upper primary school who have not made progress along the Swimming and Water Safety Continuum may be at a greater risk in an aquatic environment because they have not developed the swimming competency, endurance and skills needed for survival in threatening aquatic situations. Three groups representing different socio-economic and geographical areas were selected to explore the relationships between psycho-social factors and the development of swimming ability among year seven students. Two groups from lower socio-economic areas were chosen. The first group was directly on the coast with easy access to the beach, while the second group was inland in the foothills of Perth. As higher socio-economic areas in Perth are generally not far from the coast only one group from a higher socio-economic coastal area was chosen. The participants were 540 year seven students, 282 of whom were males and 258 of whom were females. The primary variable of interest was the current swimming stage of year seven participants, and the differences between genders and/or locality groups. The primary research questions investigated differences between locality groups and/or genders for; a) perceived athletic competence and global self-worth, b) perceived swimming competency, confidence in deep water and importance placed on learning to swim well. c) perceived social support for sport and swimming activities and d) attendance at Interm, Vacswim and other swimming programs and aquatic venue experience. Relationships between swimming stage and the above variables were analysed. The secondary research questions investigated the most frequent reasons given by the students for not attending or discontinuing participation inVacswim, and whether there were differences between locality groups or genders. Findings indicated that the lower socio-economic groups had a significantly lower swimming stage and lower perceived self-worth than the higher socioeconomic group. Students from the lower socio-economic inland area had the lowest mean swimming stage as well as lower perceived social support for sport and swimming than either of the other two groups in the study. The two lower socioeconomic groups also attended less swimming instruction and placed less emphasis on the importance of learning to swim well than the higher socio-economic group. Despite these findings, the lower socio-economic groups did not view themselves as any less able in terms of athletic and swimming competence. However, as the two lower socio-economic groups have not progressed along the Swimming and Water Safety Continuum to the 'desirable standards' of the RLSSA (1999), these groups could be viewed as at-risk in an aquatic environment. At the same time, there was evidence that attendance at Interm along with attendance at another swimming program enabled participants to reach the 'desirable standards' of the RLSSA (1999). Girls generally had a higher swimming stage than boys in the lower socio-economic areas, attended year seven Interm and Vacswim more than boys, reported more social support for sport and swimming, and placed more emphasis on the importance of learning to swim well than boys. While many of these relationships between swimming stage and psycho-social factors have been intuitively accepted within the swimming teaching industry, we now have a better understanding of the strength and direction of these relationships.
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Lyttle, Andrew. "Hydrodynamics of the human body during the freestyle tumble turn." University of Western Australia. Dept. of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2000. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0126.
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This thesis contains three cross-sectional studies and an equipment development study, presented in the form of journal submissions, regarding the hydrodynamics experienced by swimmers during the various phases of the freestyle tumble turn.
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Hawley, John A. "The effect of treadmill running and swimming on citrate synthase activity and glycogen levels in the rat." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/450972.
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Thirty-eight female Wistar rats were studied to determine the response of citrate synthase (CS) and glycogen (GLY) to two similar programs of endurance training. Animals were randomly assigned to one of three groups: run-trained (RUN), swim-trained (SWIM) or sedentary control (CON). The treadmill trained animals ran at a speed of 27 m/min. up an eight degree incline. The swim-trained animals swam with 2% of body weight attached to their tails. The duration of the exercise protocols was 2 hours/day, the frequency 5 days/week and the length of the training regimen was 10 weeks. Liver GLY content (mmoles/g) for the exercise trained groups was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than CON. There were no significant differences between RUN and SWIM animals in the GLY levels of the hindlimb muscles. The GLY levels of the forelimb muscles were significantly greater (p0.01) in the SWIM animals compared to the RIJN animals, apart from the pectoralis (EEC). The CS activity in the soleus (SOL) and red -vastus (RV) of the RUN animals was significantly larger (p <; 0.01) than SWIM. The plantaris (PLANT) of the SWIM animals had significantly greater CS activity than the RUN animals. In the forelimb muscles, only -the deltoid (DEL) of the SWIM group was higher in CS activity than the RUN groups. The results of this study indicate that the mechanisms responsible for increased GLY storage in skeletal muscle are under independent control to those factors governing the changes in the oxidative enzyme CS. Differences in muscle GLY levels and CS activity between RUN and SWIM rats can be explained by contrasting mechanics in these two (nodes of exercise and the resulting fiber recruitment patterns.
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Upshaw, Kris. "The effects of stroke rate and stroke length on upper quadrant stroke patterns in competitive swimming." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/958784.
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The purpose of this study was to describe women collegiate swimmers' armstroke sequence at selected velocities. In addition, this study was designed to determine the timing angle during the course of a stroke cycle. Seven members of the Ball State University Women's Swim Team were asked to participate in this study. The test consisted of the subject swimming approximately fifteen meters freestyle (front crawl) at stroke rates of 24, 30, 40, 48, 60 strokes per minute. The subjects attempted three trials at each stroke rate, on a continuum from slow to fast. The following parameters were determined from video analysis: stroke length (SL), velocity (m/s), time of one complete stroke cycle (SCT), timing between the arm cycles (RAE), recovery arm entry as a percentage of SCT (RAE%) and the timing angle. A correlation between the timing angle and V of r = 0.48 was found to be significant at the 0.05 level. A correlation between the SCT and the timing angle of r = -0.62 was found to be significant at the 0.05 level. A correlation of r = -0.43 between SL and the timing angle of less than 90 degrees is believed to benefit theangle was found to be significant at the 0.05 level. This indicates that as the swimmers' SCT decreased, the timing angle increased. And, as the swimmers' SL decreased the timing angle increased. It appears that timing angles increase with increasing V. The mean timing angle for ninety trials was 66.03 degrees with a SD of 17.68. This study indicates that women collegiate swimmers use a timing angle of less than 90 degrees. A timing swimmers' body position, balance and SL.School of Physical Education
Books on the topic "Physiological aspects of Swimming for children"
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Rostkowska, Elżbieta. Wpływ uprawiania sportu na obraz termowizyjnego testu sprawności naczynioruchowej rąk u dzieci. Poznań: Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Eugeniusza Piaseckiego, 1996.
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Sports Performance Orthopedic Rehabilitation and Training., ed. Efficiency swimming. Toronto: Bantam Books, 1987.
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Maglischo, Ernest W. Swimming even faster. Mountain View, Calif: Mayfield Pub. Co., 1993.
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1948-, Ungerechts Bodo E., Wilke Kurt, and Reischle Klaus 1940-, eds. Swimming science 5. Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1988.
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Azuma, Akira. The biokinetics of flying and swimming. Tokyo: Springer-Verlag, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Physiological aspects of Swimming for children"
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Colan-Georges, Aristida. "Physiological and Pathological Aspects of Full Breast Ultrasonography in Men and Children." In Atlas of Full Breast Ultrasonography, 333–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31418-1_10.
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Birat, Anthony, and Sébastien Ratel. "Physiological Determinants of Swimming Performance and Their Trainability in Children." In High Performance Youth Swimming, 10–22. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465598-3.
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McRae, Kateri, and Michelle Shiota. "Biological and Physiological Aspects of Emotion Regulation." In Emotion Regulation and Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents, edited by Cecilia A. Essau, Sara Leblanc, and Thomas H. Ollendick, 43–59. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198765844.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 highlights the biological and physiological consequences of emotion regulation. Predominantly, researchers manipulate emotion regulation strategy use and measure emotional outcomes. Biological data has enhanced this work, providing relatively objective outcomes which can be usd to compare and contrast the effects of different strategies. Emotion regulation strategies such as cognitive reappraisal impact sympathetic responding, cortisol levels, and neural activation in regions associated with emotion generation. Parasympathetic influences on the heart, measured via respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), and the ratio of high-frequency to low-frequency heart rate variability, highlight the success of cognitive reappraisal when compared with expressive suppression. Other research has revealed more nuance, inciting new hypotheses about which types of reappraisal work best in varying situations.
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"Behavior in Salmon." In Physiological Aspects of Imprinting and Homing Migration in Salmon, 94–112. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2054-3.ch005.
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The recent rapid development of biotelemetry technologies has made it possible to continuously observe the underwater behavior of salmon in open water. Homing migratory behaviors were studied using anadromous chum salmon from the Bering Sea to Hokkaido and lacustrine sockeye salmon and masu salmon in Lake Toya. Biotelemetry results on the migratory behavior of adult chum salmon in a reconstructed reach of the Shibetsu River; the investigation of cardiac arrest during gamete release in chum salmon; the comparison of the swimming ability and upstream-migration behavior of chum salmon and masu salmon in Hokkaido, Japan; and the analysis of site fidelity and habitat use in Formosan landlocked salmon during the typhoon season in the Chichiawan stream, Taiwan were also performed. This chapter describes the homing migration of anadromous chum salmon from the Bering Sea to Hokkaido, Japan; the homing migration of lacustrine sockeye salmon and masu salmon in Lake Toya, Hokkaido, Japan; and biotelemetry research on various behaviors in salmon.
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Welch, Karla Conn, Uttama Lahiri, Zachary E. Warren, and Nilanjan Sarkar. "A System to Measure Physiological Response During Social Interaction in VR for Children With ASD." In Computational Models for Biomedical Reasoning and Problem Solving, 1–33. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7467-5.ch001.
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This chapter presents work aimed at investigating interactions between virtual reality (VR) and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using physiological sensing of affective cues. The research objectives are two-fold: 1) develop VR-based social communication tasks and integrate them into the physiological signal acquisition module to enable the capture of one's physiological responses in a time-synchronized manner during participation in the task and 2) conduct a pilot usability study to evaluate a VR-based social interaction system that induces an affective response in ASD and typically developing (TD) individuals by using a physiology-based approach. Physiological results suggest there is a different physiological response in the body in relation to the reported level of the affective states. The preliminary results from a matched pair of participants could provide valuable information about specific affect-eliciting aspects of social communication, and this feedback could drive individualized interventions that scaffold skills and improve social wellbeing.
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Artinian, Hovig K., Mary Anne Tablizo, and Manisha Witmans. "Normal Sleep in Childhood." In Integrative Sleep Medicine, edited by Valerie Cacho and Esther Lum, 33–48. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190885403.003.0003.
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Sleep is a critical process in children in that it influences all aspects of physiological functioning, development, and behavior. The two types of sleep, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, are inherent throughout life; however, the sleep architecture and sleep duration changes over time as the brain changes from the newborn period to adulthood. There are hallmarks related to sleep architectural changes that are specific and unique to the different age ranges. Although the process and neuromodulation of sleep is similar across the life span, there are attributes that are different in children compared to adults. There are also physiological differences in the brain waves and changes in respiratory parameters. This chapter highlights normal sleep in children.
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Engelhardt, Thomas. "System-based anatomy and physiology." In Paediatric Anaesthesia, 3–22. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755791.003.0001.
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Children who undergo general anaesthesia have an increased perioperative risk of morbidity and mortality compared with adults. This is due to differences in anatomy and reduced physiological reserves. A clear understanding of neonatal and paediatric anatomy and physiology is therefore essential to provide safe paediatric perioperative care. This chapter outlines major anatomical and physiological differences of the paediatric and neonatal airway, including causes and treatment of airway obstruction. Essential aspects of the respiratory, cardiovascular, CNS, and hepatorenal systems are discussed. Important considerations of fluid and thermal control are described that form the basis of safe paediatric anaesthesia practice.
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Saydi, Maryam, and Ian D. Bishop. "Residential Resource Consumption." In New Approaches, Methods, and Tools in Urban E-Planning, 251–87. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5999-3.ch009.
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Residential energy and water consumption depend on dwelling structure and the behaviour of residents. Aspects of residential behaviour can be derived from census data. Dwelling information is harder to obtain. Using both aerial and street-level views from Google mapping products, exterior dwelling characteristics were captured in each of 40 postal areas in and around Melbourne, Australia. This approach saved the time and cost of travelling to the widely spread suburbs and provided data not otherwise available. The census and dwelling data were compared with resource usage statistics in linear regression models. It was found that energy and water use are highly correlated, with socio-economic variables better explaining water consumption and dwelling structure factors better explaining energy consumption. Nevertheless, the proportions of households that include a couple with children and have a swimming pool provided useful models of variations in both energy and water use. Applications to planning through spatially explicit scenario testing were developed in ArcGIS ModelBuilder.
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Brussier, Ingrid Carla. "Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder." In Advances in Medical Education, Research, and Ethics, 166–90. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2940-9.ch008.
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This chapter investigates the psychological, physiological, and social aspects of conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). These disorders are classified in the disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders class in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2013). This chapter will consider the symptoms of ODD and CD and their effect on a child's social and biological development. The most common consequences of the disorders will be discussed: for example, the risk for other psychopathologies, social adversities, delinquency, and aggression. These severe outcomes signal the need for therapy options for children and adolescents and the assessment of their efficacy.
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Fuqua, John S., and Alan D. Rogol. "Delayed puberty and hypogonadism." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 1112–27. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.7100.
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Puberty may be defined as the physiological process resulting in the attainment of sexual maturity and reproductive capacity. Puberty is an integral component of the evaluation and treatment of endocrine disorders in children and adolescents. Not only does it impact on sexual maturation, but it has other effects with lifelong consequences, including linear growth, changes in body composition, and skeletal mineralization. Patients with disorders of puberty, including precocious and delayed puberty, make up a large percentage of the children and adolescents who consult paediatric endocrinologists. An understanding of delayed or absent puberty requires a foundation in the normal processes regulating the onset of puberty, and factors essential for its progression and completion. In this chapter, we will first review the mechanisms of normal growth and puberty, particularly with regard to their interdependence. We shall then discuss the differential diagnosis of delayed or absent puberty, and present diagnostic algorithms for hypergonadotropic and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, emphasizing some gender-specific aspects.
Conference papers on the topic "Physiological aspects of Swimming for children"
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Bălan, Valeria. "Aspects of Learning of the Swimming Techniques in the Down Syndrome Children." In ICPESK 2017 - 7th International Congress on Physical Education, Sport and Kinetotherapy. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.03.57.
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Luís-Ferreira, Fernando, João Sarraipa, Jorge Calado, Joana Andrade, Daniel Rodrigues, and Ricardo Jardim Goncalves. "Artificial Intelligence Based Architecture to Support Dementia Patients." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10985.
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Abstract Artificial Intelligence is driving a revolution in the most diverse domains of computational services and user interaction. Data collected in large quantities is becoming useful for feeding intelligent systems that analyse, learn and provide insights and help decision support systems. Machine learning and the usage of algorithms are of most importance to extract features, reason over collected data so it becomes useful and preventive, exposing discoveries augmenting knowledge about systems and processes. Human driven applications, as those related with physiological assessment and user experience, are possible especially in the health domain and especially in supporting patients and the community. The work hereby described refers to different aspects where the Artificial Intelligence can help citizens and wraps a series devices and services that where developed and tested for the benefit of a special kind of citizens. The target population are those under some kind of Dementia, but the proposed solutions are also applicable to other elder citizens or even children that need to be assisted and prevented from risks.