Relevant bibliographies by topics / Physiological aspects of Winter sports

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Physiological aspects of Winter sports'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Physiological aspects of Winter sports"

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Homenko, L. "Physiological aspects of winter wheat selection for adaptability." Visnyk agrarnoi nauky 98, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/agrovisnyk202010-05.

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Manukyan, I. R. "PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF STRESS RESISTANCE IN WINTER WHEAT." Niva Povolzhya, no. 1 (2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36461/np.2021.58.1.007.

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Benedik, Ľudovít. "Psycho-Physiological Aspects in Karate Sports Preparation." Sport i Turystyka. Środkowoeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe 3, no. 2 (2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/sit.2020.03.14.

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In the study, we tried to point out, on the basis of comparison conclusions of several research works, how much the psycho-physiological aspects contribute to influencing the conception of sport preparation in terms of the philosophical context of preparation in traditional martial arts. We elucidated the perception of the difference between martial arts and combat sports and emphasized the psychological dimension of training in sports karate in relation to physical training. At the same time, we were looking for relationships that would give us an answer as to which of these aspects are more effective in terms of sports performance. In conclusion, on the basis of a comprehensive content analysis of the findings, we draw attention to the fact that only the mutual correlation of both selected aspects can achieve the desired results in the training of karate practitioners.
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Clark, Rosemary. "Physiological Aspects of Sports Training and Performance." Physiotherapy 89, no. 1 (January 2003): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)60682-7.

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Terrados, N., B. Fernández, J. Pérez-Landaluce, M. Rodriguez, M. Coloma, and J. M. Buceta. "PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF WOMENʼS BASKETBALL." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 27, Supplement (May 1995): S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199505001-00142.

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MORGAN, DON W., and MITCHELL CRAIB. "Physiological aspects of running economy." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 24, no. 4 (April 1992): 456???461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199204000-00011.

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-ul-Haq, Faizan, Uzair Yaqoob, Asma Sarfaraz, and Muhammad Mannan Ali Khan. "Athletic on-field heart rate: a demand of modern cricket." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 11 (October 25, 2017): 4350. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174858.

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Cricket has transformed very quickly from a gentleman’s game to a game which demand high standard of physical and physiological fitness. Cricket has a diversity of game formats ranging from 5-day test cricket to a shorter but dynamic t20 format. Since last two decades a lot of cricket is being played throughout the year, there is no discrimination of summers and winters as what used to happen during the prior days. For this reason now the standard of physiological demands of this sport has risen too. Good heart rate is always an important aspect of physiological fitness of athletes and it has a mighty impact on the performance of players in the grounds.
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Secher, Niels H. "Physiological and Biomechanical Aspects of Rowing." Sports Medicine 15, no. 1 (January 1993): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199315010-00004.

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Creagh, Una, and Thomas Reilly. "Physiological and Biomechanical Aspects of Orienteering." Sports Medicine 24, no. 6 (December 1997): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199724060-00005.

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Mendez-Villanueva, Alberto, and David Bishop. "Physiological Aspects of Surfboard Riding Performance." Sports Medicine 35, no. 1 (2005): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535010-00005.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Physiological aspects of Winter sports"

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King, Gregory Allen. "Physiological, perceptual and performance responses during cricket activity." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005210.

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The present study sought to determine the influence of environmental conditions and protective clothing on physiological, perceptual and performance responses during batting activity. The investigation examined mean skin temperature, average heart rate, estimated sweat rate, rating of perceived exertion, thermal sensation rating, average sprint time and pre-post choice reaction time. Twenty-five cricketers (18-22 yr, 73.1 ± 9.6 kg, 1768 ± 75 mm, 12.6 ± 3.1% body fat, 1.89 ± 0.16 m2) performed a work-bout consisting of a seven-Over batting period, during which time they faced deliveries from a bowling machine and performed two shuttle runs every third ball to total four sprints per Over. Trials were carried out under High-stress (23.8 ± 2.2 °C) and Low-stress (13.3 ± 1.9 °C) environmental conditions (WBGT). Within each environmental condition subjects performed the test wearing full protective batting gear and no protective gear. Thus, four specific conditions were examined; high full-gear (HFG), high no-gear (HNG), low full-gear (LFG) and low no-gear (LNG). Two-way ANOVAs were calculated to determine whether there were differences between environmental conditions and whether differences existed between the clothing conditions. One-way ANOVAs were utilised to compute differences between the four specific conditions combining clothing and environment. High environmental stress and wearing protective clothing caused batsmen to experience significant physiological strain. The environment was the greatest stressor, with the protective gear exacerbating these effects. However, when padding covered skin areas directly, this was the primary skin temperature stressor, particularly later in the activity. For skin temperature and heart rate, the strain was the most pronounced at the end of the trials. Perceptual responses indicated that the protective gear had no influence on effort sense, thermal sensation or thermal comfort. However, environmental conditions had an effect, and High-stress conditions resulted in significantly higher perceptions of effort, elevated sensations of heat and greater thermal discomfort. Effort was perceived to be greatest towards the end of the trial. There were mixed findings for performance factors. In general sprint performance was not hindered by environmental stress, but protective clothing caused a reduction in several sprint times. Choice reaction times were for the most part unaffected by either environment or clothing and few differences were observed between pre and post times. It is contended that intense short duration batting activity, likely encountered during one-day participation, imposes a stress on batsmen. The stress is greater when conditions are warmer and protective padding is worn, although it is not sufficient to impede choice reaction time. However, protective gear did have a deleterious effect on sprint performance.
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Saldanha, Paulo. "Physiological monitoring during the bicycle Race Across America (RAAM) : a case study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0033/MQ64188.pdf.

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Young, Ingrid Victoria. "The energy demands of a 2,000 meter race simulation for national level oarswomen." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28542.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the energy demands of a 2,000 meter race simulation (RS) for national level oarswomen; as evaluated on a rowing ergometer (RE). A Progressive Intensity Test (P.I.T.) was also performed on the RE to further evaluate the RS. Six national level oarswomen (X values: age= 24.5 yrs., ht= 179 cm, wt= 75 kg), all current national team candidates (1988), participated in this investigation. A 6 1/2 minute tape recorded water race was used to execute a 2,000 meter RS on a Dr. Gjessing Ergorow ergometer. The tape recording was an actual race tape that was respliced to last exactly 6 1/2 minutes. Metabolic and respiratory exchange variables were continuously monitored by an open circuit method, utilizing a Beckman Metabolic Measurement Cart interfaced on-line with a Hewlitt Packard 3052A data acquisition system. The energy demands were calculated from metabolic variables, total oxygen cost and the analysis of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (recovery V0₂).Results indicated a mean V0₂max. of 3.85 1.min⁻¹ , mean net V0₂ of 24.48 1 and a mean recovery V0₂ of 4.92 1. This represented the aerobic cost of the event at approximately 80% or 4/5ths of the total energy cost while the anaerobic contribution was approximately 20% of l/5th of the total energy cost. During the RS, V0₂ values rapidly increased to 90% of mean V0₂max. (3.85 l.min⁻¹) in the first two minutes. Mean max. VE (BTPS) RS value was 122.4 1.min⁻¹. VE plateaued after two minutes and remained around 90% of P.I.T. mean max. VE for the final 4 1/2 minutes. Mean max. excess C0₂ for RS was 19.81 ml.kg⁻¹.min⁻¹. The average maximal heart rate, as recorded in the RS was 192.8 bpm. The results of this study indicate the high aerobic demands and tremendous exercise intensity involved in the 2,000 meter RS.
Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Lyons, M. "The effects of prior moderate and intense exercise on sports-related performance." Thesis, Coventry University, 2011. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/5cf904e2-2558-40b8-b13d-54c22d10e6e8/1.

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The main aim of this research was to develop a greater understanding of the effects of prior moderate and intense exercise on sports-related performance. The research developed through five related studies that examined the effects of exercise on key aspects of sports performance. Each study was conducted in appropriate field-based settings, using protocols that have relevance to the chosen sports and performance tasks that display ecological validity. Three intensities were examined across each of the five studies; rest, moderate and intense exercise. The preliminary study explored the effects of moderate and intense exercise on soccer passing performance in collegiate level players (n = 20). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant (p = 0.010) effect of prior exercise on passing performance. Following on from this investigation, the effects of prior exercise on basketball passing performance in expert (n = 10) and non-expert players (n = 10) was examined. A 3 x 2 mixed ANOVA revealed a highly significant exercise intensity effect (p  0.001) as well as a highly significant exercise intensity by level of expertise interaction (p = 0.010). No between-group differences were observed however. This study nevertheless revealed that the expert players maintain a better level of performance compared to non-expert players following moderate and high-intensity exercise conditions. The third study explored the effects of moderate and intense exercise on coincidence-anticipation timing in expert (n = 11) and non-expert (n = 9) Gaelic games players. The 3 x 2 mixed ANOVA revealed no overall exercise intensity effect (p > 0.05) but there was a significant exercise intensity by level of expertise interaction (p = 0.031). Highly significant between-group differences (p < 0.001) were found, with the expert players maintaining a higher level of anticipation following moderate and intense exercise conditions. Study four comprised a small-scale study (n = 12) examining the effects of moderate and intense exercise on attention using the Stroop Colour-Word Test. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant (p = 0.030) effect of prior exercise on attention. This study identified that attention following moderate-intensity exercise is equivalent to that at rest. However, following intense exercise attention deteriorates to a level below that at rest. The final study examined the effects of exercise intensity on groundstroke accuracy in expert (n = 13) and non-expert (n = 17) tennis players and comprised the most ecologically valid design. A range of 3 x 2 mixed ANOVAs were conducted revealing highly significant (p < .001) main effects for exercise intensity as well as highly significant (p = 0.003) between-group effects. No exercise intensity by level of expertise interaction was found however. In general, the findings suggest that performance following moderate-intensity exercise is equivalent to that at rest. However, significant decrements in key aspects of sports-related performance were observed following intense exercise. The findings of this research indicate that the theories of arousal cannot by themselves account for the outcomes of this work and the relationship between exercise and arousal needs to be explored further. Future research is imperative employing ecologically valid protocols and sport-specific performance tasks. The ensuing results in this case will have much more application and relevance to trainers, coaches and players.
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Brien, Donald Michael. "The effect of induced alkalosis and acidosis on blood lactate appearance and performance capacity during simulated rowing." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26756.

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In order to test the effect of artificially induced alkalosis and acidosis on the appearance of blood lactate and work production, six well-trained oarsmen (age= 23.8 ±2.5 wt = 82.0 ±7.5kg.) were tested on three separate occasions after ingestion of 0.3 gm/kg body wt. NH4C1 (acidosis) , NaHC03 (alkalosis) or a placebo (control). Blood was taken from a forearm vein immediately prior to exercise for determination of pH and bicarbonate (HC03). One hour following the ingestion period, subjects rowed on a stationary ergometer at a pre-determined sub-maximal rate for 4 minutes, then underwent an immediate transition to a maximal effort for 2 minutes. Blood samples from an indwelling catheter placed in the cephalic vein were taken at rest and every 30 seconds throughout the 6 minute exercise test, and every 3 minutes during a 30 minute passive recovery period. Pre-exercise blood values demonstrated significant differences (p<0.01) in pH and HC03 in all three conditions. Work outputs were unchanged in the submaximal test and in the maximal test (p>0.05), although a trend toward decreased production was evident in the acidotic condition. Analysis of exercise blood samples using ANOVA with repeated measures revealed that the linear increase in blood lactate concentration([BLA]) during control was significantly greater than acidosis (p<0.01), although [BLa] during alkalosis were consistently elevated above control there was no significant difference in the linear trend (p>0.05). During recovery, there was no significant difference in the rate of lactate disappearance amongst the three conditions. It was concluded that under this protocol artificial manipulation of the acid-base status of the blood does not significantly influence work production despite significantly reduced [BLa] during acidosis. The inability of these pH changes to alter exercise performance emphasizes the relative importance of the intracellular and the extracellular buffer systems in well trained athletes.
Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Kirchner, Gary John. "A kinematic description of the ankle during the acceleration phase of forward skating /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66201.

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Halforty, Gail Avril. "Constraints to students' participation in sport on a formalised level: implications for marketers." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012120.

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The rate of obesity has risen dramatically over recent years and is an epidemic in many countries. School pupils and university students are no exception to this. The negative effects physically, mentally and emotionally of being overweight are detrimental to one’s quality of life. It is therefore critical to encourage pupils and students to participate in physical activity. Formalised sport is a key component of encouraging physical activity. The habits learnt in childhood and early adulthood are often carried through for the rest of one’s life. The benefits of participating in sport need to be promoted extensively to the students, as research has shown students that participate in sport are not only healthier but achieve better academic results. This study examined the constraints to students’ participation in formalised sport. The empirical data was collected by means of a survey, using self-administered questionnaires distributed to students on the three Summerstrand campuses at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University in Port Elizabeth. Two hundred and eighty three usable questionnaires were received. Time and scheduling was found to be the most constraining factor to participation in sport. I am too busy with my university studies attracted the highest mean score of all the items on the questionnaire. It is recommended that: • sport organisers at NMMU emphasise to the students the benefits of regular participation in physical activity; • the effectiveness of the current NMMU sport programmes and accessibility be further investigated as only 18 per cent of the students in 2011 were participating in sport programmes at NMMU; • time management skills be taught to the NMMU students as the Time and scheduling constraint was the most profound constraint to participation in formalised sport; • NMMU academic staff work more closely with the staff at the University Sport Bureau to promote regular sport participation and to disseminate sport related information that could promote being more actively involved in sport; and • relevant introductory sport programmes and more internal leagues be offered, that gently introduce various sport codes to the students.
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Ainslie, Philip N. "The prolonged exercise of hill walking : physiological, metabolic and ergonomic aspects." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2002. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4995/.

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Pote, Lee. "Selected physiological and perceptual responses of batsmen during a simulated one day international century : impact on performance." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001650.

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Background: Very few studies have examined the demands of prolonged batting on physical, psychophysical and performance responses. Objective: The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the physiological and perceptual responses of batsmen scoring a simulated One Day International century. Furthermore, the impact that these responses had on batting performance were also measured. Methods: Seventeen male cricketers currently playing for Rhodes University or the country districts side, performed a simulated bating innings (BATEX©), typical of scoring a One Day international century. The BATEX© protocol consisted of six, five over stages (21 minutes each), with each stage matched to a specific phase of play where batsmen were encouraged to bat with the mindset of that phase. During stages one, three and five players ran at a “self-selected cruise pace” whereas during stages two, four and six players were required to run at maximum speed. At set intervals, selected physiological, perceptual and performance measures were recorded. Results: Most physiological responses increased and decreased accordingly with the low and high intensity stages with the exception of respiratory exchange ratio and core temperature responses. Mean physiological responses however, showed a progressive rise over time. Central ratings of perceived exertion increased as a function of intensity and duration. Sprint times got slower as the protocol progressed, while accuracy (impact accuracy) improved significantly (p<0.05) after stage one and then stabilised for the remainder of the protocol. Conclusion: The simulated batting protocol significantly impacted the physiological and perceptual responses over time. This was due to both the intensity and the duration of the work-bout. Furthermore, the increased physiological load placed on the batsmen significantly impacted the physical performance of the batsmen. An increase in sprint times (players getting slower) towards the end of the protocol may indicate the presence of physical fatigue. This physical fatigue did not however seem to impact the batsmen cognitively as accuracy improved after the first stage and then remained constant over time.
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Mills, Brett D. "Catastrophe model of anxiety and performance : application to field hockey." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834613.

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The purpose of-this investigation was to determine the effects of cognitive anxiety and physiological arousal on performance on a pre-determined motor task, and the application of the catastrophe model of anxiety and performance to women's field hockey. There were six subjects (three in group 1 and three in group 2). Cognitive and somatic anxiety values were measured before and after a one day competition using the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory2. Performance was evaluated before and after the one day competition using the motor task: shooting on goal. The data were analyzed using the ANOVA-Repeated Measures and thedifference among treatment conditions. It was apparent that physiological arousal, and the associated somatic anxiety, were not detrimental to performance on the pre-determined motor task when cognitive anxiety was low. However, when cognitive anxiety was high, performance on the pre-determined motor task was associated with catastrophic effects.
School of Physical Education
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Books on the topic "Physiological aspects of Winter sports"

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Winter, Universiads (11th 2003 Udine Italy). Biomechanics and sports: Proceedings of the XI Winter Universiads 2003. Wien: Springer, 2004.

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American College of Sports Medicine. Alaska Regional Chapter. Conference. Arctic sports medicine: Proceedings of the First 1987 Alaska Regional Chapter of the American College of Sports Medicine Conference. Anchorage, Alaska: Artic Sports Medicine/Human Performance Laboratory, Center for High Latitude Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 1989.

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American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Winter Meeting. Biomechanics in sport--a 1987 update: Presented at the Winter Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Boston, Massachusetts, December 13-18, 1987. New York, N.Y. (345 E. 47th St., New York 10017): ASME, 1987.

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American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Winter Meeting. Biomechanics in sport--a 1987 update: Presented at the Winter Annual Meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Boston, Massachusetts, December 13-18, 1987. New York, N.Y. (345 E. 47th St., New York 10017): ASME, 1987.

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Bowers, Richard W. Sports physiology. 3rd ed. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm.C. Brown Publishers, 1992.

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William, Southmayd, ed. The sports performance factors. New York, NY: Putnam Pub. Group, 1986.

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Adaptation in sports training. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1995.

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Trends in research. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Inside running: Basics of sports physiology. Indianapolis: Benchmark Press, 1986.

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Maximum sports performance. New York: Random House, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Physiological aspects of Winter sports"

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Michalsik, Lars Bojsen. "On-Court Physical Demands and Physiological Aspects in Elite Team Handball." In Handball Sports Medicine, 15–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55892-8_2.

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Viru, Atko. "Physiological Aspects of Selected Problems of Training Methodology (Training Tactics)." In Adaptation in Sports Training, 241–79. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315136639-10.

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Viru, Atko. "Physiological Aspects of Selected Problems of Training Methodology (Training Strategy)." In Adaptation in Sports Training, 281–99. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315136639-11.

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Perez-Trivino, Jose-Luis. "Enhancing the Brain and the Ethics of Sport." In Research Anthology on Business Strategies, Health Factors, and Ethical Implications in Sports and eSports, 573–90. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7707-3.ch032.

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Doping, or in more morally neutral terms, enhancement, has always been present in sport practice and not only at the present time, which is marked by professionalism and competitiveness. The latest development in doping seems linked to biotechnological advances, and one of the techniques that will apparently be particularly important in the near future is neuroscience, notably through pharmacological enhancers and transcranial stimulators. These devices promise to improve not only physiological aspects in sport performance, but also mental and emotional ones. On the other hand, they can seriously affect sport ethics insofar as they can be economically accessible to professional and amateur athletes. This chapter explores these issues.
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Conference papers on the topic "Physiological aspects of Winter sports"

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Pavlova, A. N., and G. N. Ponomarev. "PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF INDIVIDUALIZING THE TRAINING OF WINTER POLYATLONISTS OF THE SPORT SPECIALIZATION STAGE." In Х Всероссийская научно-практическая конференция. Nizhnevartovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/fks-2020/42.

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The article deals with the pedagogical aspects of individualizing the training process of winter polyamorists at the stage of sports specialization. In order to identify the most important aspects, an analysis was made of the federal sports training standard for winter polycation, programs of sports school «Ekran», scientific-methodical literature on the subject of research. Analysis of various sources revealed that the process of individualization of young platonists in sports for children and young people is a pressing issue today that requires new approaches.
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Peric, Ivan, Barbara Gilic, and Mateo Blazevic. "Vitamin D status among youth soccer players; association with chronological age, maturity status, jumping and sprinting performance." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-14.

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Purpose: Vitamin D is known to have a significant role in numerous body-system processes. Specifically, it has an impact on muscle functioning and, therefore sports performance. Chil-dren and adolescents have increased need for vitamin D because of its importance in growth and development, and it is evident that they are more susceptible to have vitamin D deficien-cy. Consequently, vitamin D status is particularly important issue in youth competitive sport. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insuficiency (measured as 25(OH)D concentration), and the possible associations between vitamin D, with age, maturity status, sprinting- and jumping-performance among youth soccer players. Methods: The sample of participants in this research comprised 62 youth soccer players (age: 15.7 ± 2.2 years). They were divided into two categories according to 25(OH)D levels measured at the end of the winter season: group with inadequate levels of 25(OH)D (vitamin D deficiency/insuficiency [ 75 nmol/L]). Biological maturity status (maturity offset) was calculated from participants age and height by the following equation: Maturity offset = −7.999994 + (0.0036124 × (age(yrs.) × height(cm)). Performance variables were 10 meters sprint test (S10m) and countermovement jump test (CMJ). Results: Results showed relatively good 25(OH)D concentrations (78.32 ± 23.39 nmol/L), with prevalence of deficiency ( < 50 nmol/L) in 8.06%, and insuficiency (50–75 nmol/L) in 46.77% athletes. Significant correlations were evidenced between the CMJ and 25(OH)D level (R = 0.27, p < 0.05), but chronological age was also correlated with CMJ (R = 0.64, p < 0.05). Further, higher chronological age was found in participants with suficient vitamin D levels (15.1 ± 2.4 vs. 16.4 ± 1.6 years; t-test = 2.43, p < 0.05). However, no significant as-sociation was evidenced between vitamin D and maturity status. Conclusion: Vitamin D groups significantly differed by chronological age but not by maturity status, which collectively with correlation between CMJ and vitamin D status indicates that both vitamin D status and performance in youth soccer players is actually influenced by chronological age. Meanwhile, biological age doesn’t have a significant physiological influ-ence on vitamin D concentration, while some external factors (i.e. time spent outdoors, pa-rental control, sunscreen usage), should be considered important.
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