Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physiologie digestive'
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Bligny, Dominique. "Mémoire alimentaire du tube digestif : conséquences des transitions aiguës et des déséquilibres alimentaires sur la physiologie digestive." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1B124.
Full textDifferent types of duodenal nutrients alter gastroduodenal mobility. On the contrary, few data are available on the gastroduodenal motor effects of acute diet changes or unbalanced diets, two situations generated by occidental type diets. We built two experimental animal models to study in one hand the effects of an acute diet change from an animal-based diet to a plant-based diet, and on the other hand the consequences of isocaloric unbalanced diets with fat or carbohydrates excess. Rapid diet changes reduce the sensitivity of duodenal vagal afferents when they are simulated by duodenal intralipid or differents neurotransmitters such as CCK or 5HT. This reduced sensitivity is causative for the reduced gastric emptying rate observed after rapid diet changes. Intrlipid duodenal administration in animals chronically feed with isocaloric high fat diet is unable to induce a reduction in gastric compliance, after antro-pyloro-duodenal motility pattern and ultimately lead to the suppression of the duodenal brake on gastric emptying. Some of these effects are also found with high carbohydrate diet. Finally, in the inteerdigestive state and without an additional intralipid administration the high fat diet but not the high carbohydrate one induces an alteration of the duration of the migrating motor complex. In conclusion, an overall desensitisation is observed, either at the level of the duodenal vagal afferent or at the level of the whole body, is respectively induced by rapid diet change and by high fat, and to a lower extend by high carbohydrate diets
Ferrier, Laurent. "Etude du role physiologique du pyy, un mediateur de l'effet des acides gras a chaine courte (doctorat : physiologie digestive)." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT12VS.
Full textRouy, Emilien. "Activité de peptides issus d’hydrolysats de protéines de lait sur la physiologie des cellules osseuses." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0085.
Full textOsteoporosis is a disease mainly affecting women after menopause, characterized by a reduced bone mineralization and a deterioration of bone micro-architecture. The aim of this thesis is to identify a milk protein fraction able to stimulate bone formation. When added to a food product, this fraction could reduce bone loss. The first task of this project was to produce the milk protein fractions. Milk proteins (casein or whey proteins) were digested by enzymes and fractionated by filtration according to their molecular weight. The fractions obtained were then tested on primary cultures of bone cells. Some of the milk protein fractions tested were able to increase proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Among these active fractions, the one obtained by digestion of casein by chymotrypsin followed by filtration through a 10 kDa filter have been selected to be tested on animals. This fraction is named CR10. To study the activity of CR10 in vivo, a protein-restricted mouse model has been developed. Our studies showed that a reduction of protein in the diet from 20% to 6% impaired bone formation when the diet was based on soy protein. When these protein-restricted mice ingested the CR10 fraction, no improvement of the BMD was reported, which means that the CR10 cannot exert its anabolic activity in vivo. However, if casein is given instead of soy or if PTH is injected to the mice, bone formation is increased. These results suggest that the CR10 is not a good candidate as an anabolic fraction. However, the positive effect of casein compared to soy could be exploited in future studies aimed at finding an osteoanabolic casein fraction
Martignon, Mélanie. "Conséquences d'un contrôle de l'ingestion sur la physiopathologie digestive et le comportement alimentaire du lapin en croissance." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0084/document.
Full textSocietal expectations are moving towards healthy food from sustainable farming systems. In rabbit industry, control of digestive diseases requires the use of curative or preventive antibiotics. The search for alternatives to the use of antibiotics in rabbit breeding is thus crucial to improve sustainability of this production. Strategies for limiting the amount of feed ingested are one possible solution to this problem, since they improve the digestive resistance of young rabbits. This thesis aims to study the mechanisms underlying this positive effect of restriction strategies, and also to analyze the feeding behaviour of restricted rabbit in relation to their welfare. This objective is divided into two parts. The first part aims to determine which characteristic of feeding restriction limits the digestive disorders in fattening. The second part deals with the biological parameters potentially influenced by this feeding strategy. The parameters considered are related to several areas of biology: enzymology, histometry, digestive bacterial ecosystem A reduction of feed intake of -25% reduced growth, but significantly improved digestive efficiency (4 to 6% between 28 and 50 days old) of fattening rabbits which can be explained by a higher protein digestibility (4.5%), energy (5.3%) and fibres (NDF: 8.9%, ADF: 9.7%, hemicellulose 7.9%, cellulose: 11.5%). However, the structure, diversity and density of the caecal bacterial community are little changed in the healthy animal fed restricted. Changes in eating behaviour were highlighted during this work. Thus, the rhythm of intake, depending on the circadian rhythm in rabbits fed ad libitum, is function of the feed distribution time for restricted animals. After 18 days of restriction, rabbits ingest in 2 hours the third of the quantity supplied, and the entire amount within 10 hours. No aggression or competition was observed between animals. Several hypotheses could explain the effectiveness of this strategy on digestive health in young rabbit. Thus, the results obtained during the reproduction of colibacillosis (Escherichia coli O128: C6) suggest a stabilization of the ileal ecosystem after infection. On the other hand, the main activity of bacterial communities of caecum would be modulated, even if for this model a limited intake moderately modified the sanitary status. Finally, the alternation of periods of satiety and hunger may stimulate the release of hormones (e.g. ghrelin) that could modulate immune function. In perspective, it would be appropriate to study more precisely the functions related to immune or endocrine status.In addition, a deeper study of the caecal bacterial community by targeting some species could provide additional informations on the interactions between intake and digestive symbiote, and on a comparative approach of the two pathogenic models: EPEC vs. REE
Zerbib, Frank. "Relaxations transitoires du sphincter inferieur de l'oesophage : roles du tonus de l'estomac proximal et de peptides digestifs chez l'homme (doctorat : physiologie digestive)." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT11VS.
Full textYapi, Yapo Magloire. "Physiologie digestive de l'aulacode (Thryonomys swinderianus) en croissance et impact des teneurs en fibres et céréales de la ration sur la santé et les performances zootechniques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0019/document.
Full textThe cane rat or grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) is a rodent herbivore recently domesticated in Africa for meat production. Some previous studies focused on the feeding of this animal, in order to improve the productivity of farms. To date, our knowledge of digestion and nutritional requirements of this animal are still very scarce. Our first objective was to improve our knowledge of digestive physiology of the young grasscutter, particularly in relation to dietary fibre supply, in order to improve the recommendations for dietary fibre content of diets to optimize growth and digestive health. Our second objective was to analyze the effects of a decreased digestible protein / digestible energy ratio, along with an increased intake of starch, on digestion and performances. The final aim was to analyze the possibilities to formulate a complete feed, cheaper for farmers and that meets the requirements of the young grasscutter. Our study found that the caecum is the most important digestive compartment of the young grasscutter between 1 and 3 months of age, with more than 40% of the total gut contents. The caecal microbial activity (100 mM of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) per gram of fresh content) is high and similar to that of ruminants or other herbivorous monogastric animals. The fermentation profile is characterized by a predominance of acetate (75% of total VFA) and a propionate / butyrate ratio greater than 1. A pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S-DNA was used to characterize the caecal microbiota. At weaning (one month), we observe a predominance of the Bacteroidetes phylum, with 51% of relative abundance, whereas the Firmicutes phylum becomes predominant (50%) at 3 months of age. Caecal microbiota is characterized by the presence of genera often identified in other digestive ecosystems of herbivores, such as: RC9 (2-8%), Parabacteroides (1-8%), Prevotella (3.6%) and Xylanibacter (1%), Erysipelotrichaceae Turicibacter (1-7%), Lachnospiraceae Incertae_Sedis (4-5%), Ruminococcaceae Incertae_Sedis (1-2%) and Ruminococcus (1-3%). Other genera, absent in related species such as rabbits and guinea pigs, seemed more specific of the grasscutter, such as Termite_Treponema_cluster (1.7-2.2%) and Treponema (7-13%) of the Spirochaetes phylum. The analysis of growth performances indicated that a dietary fibre content between 17% and 21% of ADF represents a good compromise between digestive health and growth of the grasscutter after weaning. Decreasing below 6g of digestible protein / MJ of digestible energy, via a high increase in starch intake and a significant decline in crude protein content (below 11%) and fibre, is detrimental to the growth of animals
Luccchini, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'étude de la sensibilité digestive : mécanisme de la chémosensibilité gastro-instestinale, rôle des nerfs vagues dans le contrôle de la circulation intestinale." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30104.
Full textTaïeb, Nadira. "Contribution à l'étude de la glande digestive de Aplysia punctata (Cuvier, 1803), gastéropode opisthobrance, sooumis à des conditions alimentaires variées." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30025.
Full textBeniers, Julian. "Enzyme localization in the digestive tract of black soldier fly larvae, by freeze-substitution and glycol methacrylate inclusion." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69802.
Full textShi, Guoxiang. "Vidange gastrique et regimes chroniques chez le rat : effet de la teneur en proteines et du mode d'administration (doctorat physiologie digestive)." Nantes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NANT09VS.
Full textLeduc, Alexandre. "Développement d'hydrolysats destinés à la formulation d'aliments pour l'aquaculture : normalisation structurale et optimisation fonctionnelle." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC290/document.
Full textAquaculture is a key sector for supporting and improving the food security worldwide. The global production of farmedfish and shrimp has grown dramatically over the past decades and now contributes to half of the aquatic productsintended for human consumption. Aquaculture will require feeds to support its growth but availability of some raw materialssuch as fish meal are limited. The use of fish meal in aquafeed has particularly declined in favor of plant proteinsources to fit with economic and environmental constraints. But plant proteins do not meet perfectly the nutritionalrequirements of carnivorous fish and their utilization often results in lower growth and feed performances. Proteinhydrolysates manufactured from fishing and aquaculture co-products are ingredients with a high palatable, nutritionaland bioactive potential. They are rich in hydrolytic peptides and free amino acids, but they are complex mixtureswhose composition could vary according to raw material origin and hydrolysis parameters. During this PhD study, wedeveloped and implemented tools to further characterize the structure and functional properties hydrolysates. On afirst step, we developed a fast methodological tool based on sample standardization, followed by the determination ofthe abundance and richness of peptides using size exclusion chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled toelectro-spray mass spectrometry, respectively. We merged the results into a 2D diagram that made it easy to classifyand compare hydrolysates having different galenic, origin and process. We also developed a tool on isolated intestinefrom European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax ) to rank protein hydrolysates according to their myotropic property.We demonstrated that shrimp hydrolysate showed a higher myotropic activity than fish hydrolysates and that thisactivity was carried by a unique pentapeptide KNPEQ produced by the enzymatic clivage of haemocyanin during thehydrolysis process applied on shrimp co-products. On a second step, a 65-day feeding trial was conducted in Europeanseabass fed a low fish meal diet supplemented with protein hydrolysates of different origin, and coupled to a studyof the intestine and liver transcriptomic response (Illumina RNA sequencing). It has been shown that protein hydrolysatesincluded in a low fish meal diet (5%) restored growth performances to the same level than a diet containing20% of fishmeal, and that they exhibited very specific functional properties. These results showed that a mixture oftwo hydrolysates impacted more deeply the intestine and liver transcriptomes than hydrolysate tested alone. ThisphD study confirmed that protein hydrolysates are very interesting candidates for formulating low fish meal feed andoffer new tools for characterizing such complex ingredients, which will be useful to optimize and standardize proteinhydrolysate while understanding their mechanisms of action in fish
Deschamps, Charlotte. "Impact du poids corporel et d'une perturbation antibiotique sur le microbiote intestinal du chien : simulation in vitro et stratégies de restauration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0055.
Full textDifferent dog sizes are associated with variations in digestive physiology, mainly related to the large intestine and its resident microorganisms. This gut microbiota plays a key role in animal health, supporting nutritional, immunological and physiological processes. Nevertheless, diseases or antibiotherapy can disturb microbial equilibrium and induce a perturbated state called dysbiosis. To restore microbiota eubiosis, new restorations strategies have been developed such as pre-, pro- or postbiotics. However, very few studies have evaluated their effects on gut microbiota in the context of antibiotherapy. This joint PhD between the Microbiology, Digestive Environment and Health unit from Université Clermont Auvergne and the two compagnies Lallemand Animal Nutrition and Dômes Pharma, aimed to investigate the impact of body weight and antibiotic disturbance on canine colonic microbiota, as well as the potential of microbial restoration strategies, using in vitro gut models.This thesis started by evaluating the impact of different methods for faecal sample storage (48-h freezing -80°C, 48-h -80°C with glycerol or lyophilization with maltodextrin/trehalose) on the kinetics of microbiota colonization and metabolic activities in the Mucosal Artificial Colon (M-ARCOL). Compared to fresh stools, inoculating with raw frozen stool without cryoprotectant was the best option among those tested. Second, thanks to a large literature review, the M-ARCOL model was adapted to reproduce the main nutritional, physicochemical and microbial parameters specific from small, medium and large size conditions in a new model called Canine M-ARCOL (CANIM-ARCOL), further validated through in vitro-in vivo comparisons. This adaptation allowed to reproduce in vitro the increase in Bacteroidota and Firmicutes abundances and higher main short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations observed in vivo. Then, we used the CANIM-ARCOL to perform a mechanistic study, which revealed that nutritional and physicochemical parameters are enough to shape microbiota activity according to dog size, but faecal inoculum was necessary to reproduce size-related microbiota composition. The next step was to adapt the CANIM-ARCOL to diseased situation, focusing on antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. In accordance with in vivo data, antibiotherapy induced an increase in Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae relative abundances while alpha-diversity and SCFA production decreased. Similar but lower effects were observed in mucus-associated microbiota. Lastly, we evaluated the effect of the live probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-1079 and the heat-inactivated bacteria Lactobacillus helveticus HA-122 on microbiota resistance during antibiotic treatment and resilience afterwards. Of interest, both microbial strategies decreased the Enterobacteriaceae bloom during antibiotherapy and allowed, in the first two days, a quicker recovery of microbiota composition and activity, in both the luminal and mucosal compartments.This PhD work provided pioneering and significant insights into the impact of dog size and antibiotherapy on canine colonic luminal and mucus-associated microbiota composition and activity, filling gaps in knowledge in these fields. This work also contributed to a better understanding of microbiota resilience in response to antibiotic disturbance. In a near future, in accordance with the European 3R's rules aiming to reduce at a maximum animal experiments, our in vitro approaches could be used for mechanistic studies on the interactions between nutrients, feed additives or veterinary products and canine colonic microbiota. Such experiments could be performed under healthy but also disturbed gut microbial situations (including obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases or chronic enteropathies), always considering interindividual variabilities to move towards personalized nutrition and medicine
Leray, Véronique. "Mecanismes de l'adaptation de la vidange gastrique a l'ingestion chronique d'un regime hypo-ou hyper-proteique chez le rat. Implication de la cholecystokinine (doctorat physiologie digestive)." Nantes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NANT11VS.
Full textSimonneaux, Valérie. "Role des compartiments juxta-epitheliaux - mucus et tissu sereux - dans l'iono- et l'osmo- regulation digestive chez l'anguille europeenne d'eau de mer." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13100.
Full textBen, Yahia Leila. "Étude du dialogue hôte/bactéries lactiques du yaourt chez des rats gnotobiotiques." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0028/document.
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Kamarudin, Mohd Salleh. "Studies on the digestive physiology of crustacean larvae." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386958.
Full textJackson, Susan. "Seabird digestive physiology in relation to foraging ecology." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21813.
Full textSchwarm, Angela. "The digestive physiology of non-ruminating foregut fermenters." Berlin mbv, Mensch-und-Buch-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/995894329/04.
Full textMoffatt, Mark Robert. "Physiology of digestion in Stomoxys calcitrans." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278917.
Full textTimpone, Luá Taibo [UNESP]. "Energética alimentar em Rã-manteiga, Leptodactylus latrans (Anura, Leptodactylidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153362.
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O tamanho do alimento e a temperatura corpórea são dois fatores que reconhecidamente influenciam a resposta metabólica pós-prandial dos vertebrados ectotérmicos. Leptodactylus latrans é uma espécie generalista que consome desde invertebrados até pequenos vertebrados, de forma que sua dieta é composta por itens de tamanho variável, os quais sempre são ingeridos inteiros. A temperatura corpórea de L. latrans está sujeita a disponibilidade de nichos térmicos adequados nos ambientes onde ocorre, os quais são possivelmente explorados através da termorregulação comportamental. No presente estudo, nós avaliamos os efeitos do tamanho da presa e da temperatura corpórea sobre a resposta metabólica pós-prandial, em indivíduos adultos da rã-manteiga, Leptodactylus latrans (Anura, Leptodactylidae) através da quantificação das taxas de consumo de oxigênio antes e após a alimentação. A resposta metabólica pós-prandial de L. latrans pode ser caracterizada por um rápido aumento nas taxas de consumo de oxigênio logo após a ingestão do alimento, até atingir valores máximos entre 85,93 ± 9,92 e 224,54 ± 26,08 mLO2.kg-1. h-1, dentro de 1-2 dias. Após este pico, houve um retorno paulatino da taxa metabólica aos níveis de jejum entre 3 a 7 dias após a alimentação. De maneira geral, encontramos que a ingestão de presas maiores causa um maior incremento metabólico e aumenta a duração da digestão. Já o incremento da temperatura é acompanhado pela diminuição da duração da digestão às expensas de taxas metabólicas pós-prandiais mais elevadas. Tanto em um caso como no outro, não encontramos indicações de que fatores cardiorrespiratórios pudessem atuar na limitação do tamanho da presa ou na temperatura na qual a digestão pode ocorrer. No entanto, é plausível que outros fatores de cunho ecológico sejam relevantes na consideração dos efeitos do tamanho do alimento e da temperatura na digestão de L. latrans. Em especial, um maior retorno energético absoluto ao se alimentar de presas maiores e a diminuição do tempo de digestão em temperaturas mais elevadas, ambos aspectos documentados em L. latrans, podem representar benefícios ecológicos importantes.
Meal size and body temperature affect markedly the post-prandial metabolic response of ectothermics vertebrates. Leptodactylus latrans is a generalist anuran species feeding on diverse prey itens, from invertebrates to small vertebrates, with considerable size variation and that are always ingested whole. The body temperature of L. latrans is largely dependent of the availability of thermal niches in the environment, which are possibly explored by means of behavioral thermoregulation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of meal size and body temperature on the post-prandial metabolic response of adults of the Neotropical leptodatylid frog, Leptodactylus latrans (Anura, Leptodactylidae) by quantifying the rates of oxygen consumption before and after meal ingestion. The post-prandial metabolic response of L. latrans can be characterized by the rapid increase in the rates of oxygen consumption shortly after meal ingestion, until reach peak between 85,93 ± 9,92 e 224,54 ± 26,08 mLO2.kg-1. h-1, within 1-2 days post-feeding. Thereafter, metabolism gradually return to the pre-feeding values within 3 to 7 days post-feeding. In general, we found that the ingestion of larger meals were followed by greater metabolic increment and by longer digestion duration. Temperature increment caused digestion duration to decrease at the expenses of greater post-prandial metabolic rates. In both cases, we did not found evidences that cardiorespiratory compromises could limit meal size or the temperature in which meal digestion could occur. On the other hand, some ecological considerations seems to be relevant in considering the effects of meal size and body temperature on the digestion of L. latrans. More specifically, the greater gross energetic gain when feeding on larger prey and the shortening of digestion duration at higher temperatures, both observed in L. latrans, are likely to yield substantial ecological advantages.
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Ribeiro, Fernando Alberto Loforte Teixeira. "The postlarval development, growth and nutrition of the Indian white prawn Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards)." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-postlarval-development-growth-and-nutrition-of-the-indian-white-prawn-penaeus-indicus-hmilne-edwards(b7a86575-1aac-4152-a00a-5db58f5cc36d).html.
Full textFrumholtz, Pierre Paul. "Manipulation of the rumen fermentation and its effects on digestive physiology." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293122.
Full textCAMPECHE, Daniela Ferraz Bacconi. "Crescimento, e respostas metabólicas de surubins híbridos (Pseudoplatystoma sp) alimentados com diferentes níveis de energia." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17132.
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Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a influência entre macronutrientes energéticos, com o desempenho, metabolismo e fisiologia digestiva de diferentes surubim híbridos (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans x Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum e Pseudoplatysma fasciatum x Leiarius marmoratus). Esses surubim híbridos são amplamente cultivados no Brasil, para abate sendo a carne destinada ao mercado interno e externo. No entanto, são poucos os dados na literatura em relação às exigências nutricionais para esses peixes, bem como o efeito da relação entre os macronutrientes com a fisiologia digestiva e metabolismo. Deste modo, o capítulo um avaliou o efeito da manga de uma fonte de carboidrato não amiláceo. Para tal foram fornecidas dietas contendo farinha de manga em substituição ao milho em quatro níveis diferentes (0; 33%; 66% e 100%) para alevinos de Pseudoplatystoma sp. Após o período de 60 dias para a análise de desempenho, foram realizadas as atividades das enzimas digestivas: protease total alcalina, tripsina e amilase. Como indicativos de mudança no metabolismo foram avaliados no plasma: triglicérides, glicose, proteínas totais, colesterol, amino ácidos livres; no fígado: glicogênio e alanina aminotransferase. Foi observado que não houve diferença significativa nos parâmetros de desempenho analisados. Entretanto foram observadas alterações nas atividades das enzimas digestivas e intermediários metabólicos, provavelmente devido à quantidade de fatores antinutricionais encontrados na casca da manga. Estes resultados demonstram que em longo prazo a inclusão de farinha de manga acarretará decréscimo no desempenho dos animais. No capítulo dois foi avaliado o efeito de diferentes valores da relação proteína(P):lipídio(L). Quatro dietas (45P 5L; 42P 9L; 39P 11L; 34P 19L%) foram fornecidas por 60 dias para observar o efeito sobre o desempenho, enzimas digestivas, intermediários metabólicos e parâmetros hematimétricos de alevinos do surubim híbrido Pseudoplatysma fasciatum x Leiarius marmoratus. O excesso de lipídio na dieta diminuiu o desempenho o que consequentemente afetou os demais parâmetros avaliados. Valores de proteínas totais e aminoácidos livres no plasma demostraram danos causados pela deficiência de proteína na dieta. Os valores de colesterol, triglicérides e glicose mostraram resposta consequente da baixa ingestão de nutrientes. A lipase foi a enzima digestiva mais influenciada pelos nutrientes dietéticos. Os parâmetros hematimétricos foram afetados pelas dietas e demonstraram que animais que ingeriram maior quantidade de lipídio tiveram adaptação metabólica e fisiológica para suprir a deficiência nutricional. No capítulo três foi avaliado o efeito de diferentes valores da relação proteína(P):carboidrato(C). Quatro dietas (28P 53C; 36P 44C; 40P 39C; 45P 37C%) foram fornecidas por 60 dias para observar o efeito sobre o desempenho, composição corporal, enzimas digestivas e intermediários metabólicos de alevinos do surubim híbrido Pseudoplatysma fasciatum x Leiarius marmoratus. O excesso de carboidrato na dieta diminuiu o desempenho, sem afetar demasiadamente os parâmetros fisiológicos e metabólicos avaliados, mostrando grande adaptação do híbrido avaliado. A eficiência energética das dietas avaliadas foi maior no tratamento com menor inclusão de carboidrato e maior inclusão proteica. Valores de atividades enzimáticas específicas foram maiores no tratamento com maior inclusão de proteína. A maior reserva de glicogênio hepático também foi observado no mesmo tratamento citado acima. Como conclusão geral pode-se afirmar que diferentes relações proteína:energia, independente de ser fonte lipídica ou de carboidrato, afeta o desempenho, fisiologia digestiva e metabolismo do surubim híbrido.
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of macronutrients energetic, growth, metabolism and digestive physiology of different surubim hybrids (Pseuduplatystoma corruscans x Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum and Pseudoplatysma fasciatum x Leiarius marmoratus). These hybrids are highly raised in Brazil with its main products being sold to domestic and international market. However there is few information on literature published about data on nutrient requirements to this fish, as well as the effects among macronutrients and digestive physiology and metabolism. Thus, chapter one evaluated the effect of mango meal as a non-starch carbohydrate source. In order to accomplish it, diets containing mango meal replacing corn meal in four different levels (0; 33%; 66%; 100%) were given to Pseudoplatystoma sp. juvenile. After 60 days growth analysis were done as well as the digestive enzymes activities: total alkaline protease, trypsin and amylase. As indicative of metabolism changes were evaluated in the blood plasma: triglycerides, glucose, total proteins, cholesterol, free amino acids; in the liver: glycogen and alanine aminotransferase. It was observed no significant difference among growth parameters evaluated. However digestive enzymes activities and intermediary metabolic changes were observed, probably due to anti-nutritional factors found in mango skin. These results shows that, in long term feeding mango meal inclusion can lead to animal growth decrease. In chapter two it was evaluated the effect of different protein(P):lipid(L) ratios. Four diets (45P 5L; 42P 9L; 39P 11L; 34P 19L) were offered for 60 days to observe the effect on growth performance, digestive enzymes activities, intermediary metabolism and hematimetric parameters of hybrid surubim Pseudoplatysma fasciatum x Leiarius marmoratus juvenile. Dietary lipid excess decreased growth which consequently affected the others parameters evaluated. Plasma total protein and free amino acids values demonstrated injuries caused by protein deficiency in the diet. Cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose values showed consequent response to low nutrient ingestion. Lipase was the enzyme more influenced by dietary nutrients. Hematimetric parameters were affected by diets and showed that animals that ingested higher lipid amount had metabolic and physiologic adaptation to make up nutritional deficiency. In chapter three it was evaluated the effect of different protein(P):carbohydrate (C)values. Four diets (28C 53C; 36P 44C; 40P 39C; 45P 37C) were offered for 60 days in order to observe the effect on growth, whole body composition, digestive enzymes and intermediary metabolism of hybrid surubim Pseudoplatysma fasciatum x Leiarius marmoratus juvenile. Dietary carbohydrate in excess decreased growth without affecting all of others physiological and metabolic parameters evaluated, which shows high adaptation. Feed energetic efficiency evaluated was higher in the treatment with lower carbohydrate inclusion and higher protein inclusion. Specific digestive enzymes activities were higher in the treatment with higher protein inclusion. Higher hepatic glycogen reserve was also observed in the same treatment cited above. As a general conclusion it can be affirmed that different protein:energy ratio, no matter if it is lipidic or carbohydrate source, affects growth, digestive physiology and metabolism of hybrid surubim.
Achi, Taous. "Utilisation nutritionnelle de la feve, de la lentille et du pois chiche chez le rat en croissance : influence de la flore intestinale sur la digestion azotee dans le gros intestin." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2D208.
Full textObled, Christiane. "Aspect dynamique du metabolisme proteique au cours du developpement du rat apres le sevrage : contribution a l'evaluation des methodes de mesure des vitesses d'utilisation metabolique des acides amines." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF2E404.
Full textTorrallardona, i. Llobera David. "The contribution of the gastrointestinal microflora to the amino acid requirements of non-ruminants." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU075438.
Full textFasano, Caroline. "Sphingolipides et physiologie des ganglions sympathiques prévertébraux." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30035.
Full textThe role of ceramide in the physiology of prevertebral sympathetic ganglia has been studied in the rabbit. On an in vitro isolated ganglion preparation, I have demonstrated that ceramide participates to the integrative properties of sympathetic ganglionic neurons by modulating their synaptic nicotinic activation. On an in vitro ganglion organ preparation, I have studied the mechanism conveying the neuronal excitation without action potentials occurring during the gastroduodenal inhibitory reflex. I have demonstrated that this mechanism is based on a ceramide production following the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase. This conveyance of excitation requires the integrity of lipid rafts and the activation in cascade of the following second messengers sequence: ceramide → calcium → NO → GMPc. Thus sphingolipids play an important role in the physiology of the prevertebral ganglia. My results open new prospects in the fundamental field of neuronal functioning
Connelly, Stephanie. "Ecology, physiology and performance in high-rate anaerobic digestion." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7414/.
Full textMan, Siu-yin, and 文小燕. "Adrenomedullin in the rat digestive system: response to starvation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B32032298.
Full textTait, Richard. "Aspects physiologiques de la senescence post-reproductive chez Octopus vulgaris." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066435.
Full textReichardt, François Liewig Nicole. "Ingestion spontanée d'argiles chez le rat rôle dans la physiologie intestinale /." Strasbourg : Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1124/01/REICHARDT_Francois_2008.pdf.
Full textMorvan, Brieuc. "Ecologie et physiologie des microorganismes hydrogénotrophes des écosystèmes digestifs : étude particulière de l'écosystème ruminal." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10241.
Full textFuzita, Felipe Jun. "Molecular physiology of digestion in arachnida: functional and comparative-evolutionary approaches." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-08122014-100929/.
Full textAranhas e escorpiões são aracnídeos predadores eficientes (AP) consumindo presas maiores que eles mesmos. Poucos estudos descrevem molecularmente a digestão em AP. Neste trabalho caracterizamos bioquimicamente, por transcriptoma e proteoma o intestino e glândulas digestivas (IGD) e suco digestivo (SD) de Nephilengys cruentata e o IGD de Tityus serrulatus. Catepsinas L, B, D e F, legumaína, tripsinas, astacinas, carboidrases e lipases foram identificadas. Peptídeo isomerase e ctenitoxina foram identificadas no IGD. Estas proteínas podem indicar uma correlação entre enzimas digestivas e do veneno. Portanto, AP apresentam várias peptidases principalmente astacinas para liquefazer a presa extraoralmente e catepsinas L para digestão intracelular, descrevendo um modelo molecular para a digestão. Provavelmente, durante a evolução, eventos duplicação gênica levaram à diversificação das astacinas aracnídeos derivados, como as aranhas, diferentemente dos grupos basais, como os escorpiões. Estes dados sobre a digestão em Arachnida permitirão estudos multidisciplinares.
Oozeer, Raish. "Réponse physiologique de Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 à l'environnement digestif." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114840.
Full textReichardt, François. "Ingestion spontanée d’argiles chez le rat : Rôle dans la physiologie intestinale." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/REICHARDT_Francois_2008.pdf.
Full textThe perspective of this thesis is at medium-term to study the mechanisms by which clay minerals interact with a living organism on the basis of a multidisciplinary mineralogical, chemical and biological approach. The work is initiated by the description of geophagia, a natural behavior frequently observed in many animals and humans, and consisting in voluntary ingestion of soil. Consumption of elements from the soil, including clays, by many vertebrates appears to be in this case totally instinctive. Such a practice has also been observed repeatedly in situations of food restriction. Furthermore, clay ingestion in human medicine, and this for millennia, is used to treat various digestive disorders. Thus, the aim of the work was to study on rats and in laboratory conditions the effect of clay ingestion on the intestinal mucosa and on nutritional metabolism. A protocol was developed to compare normally fed rats and rats fed with different diets complemented with clay (kaolinite or montmorillonite). By combining the approaches at different scales of observation, and by comparing the data obtained at the whole body level and for the intestinal mucosa (PM, TEM, SEM), it was shown that clay complementation had contrasting effects depending on the duration (7 to 28 days) and / or type (standard diet, prolonged fasting, realimentation, restrictions) of diet. A cellular profile of reaction / differentiation of the intestinal mucosa has been proposed. In perspective, the comparison with converging physiological and proteomic data obtained in a parallel study, calls for further studies (other clays, other diet durations, other feeding conditions) to confirm the proposed hypothesis, to better assess the dose-effect relationship, and to better understand the potential relationship between beneficial and toxic effects
McWhorter, Todd Jason. "The integration of digestive, metabolic and osmoregulatory processes in nectar-eating birds." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280198.
Full textStevens, Randel J. "Neural regulation of the origin and propagation of muscle excitability in the gastrointestinal tract /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 1998. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9916962.
Full textDixon, Mark Geoffrey. "The effect of temperature and photoperiod on the digestive physiology of the South African abalone Haliotis midae." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005120.
Full textSHI, XUE-SHI. "Influence du poids vif et du stade physiologique sur l'utilisation digestive et metabolique de l'energie chez le porc." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN10090.
Full textMiller, Paul E. "Differential secretion from prestored heterogeneous protein sources is the basis of regulated nonparallel digestive enzyme secretion by the exocrine pancreas." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74316.
Full textLamy, Christophe. "Rôle du Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) périphérique dans les relations stress-inflammation digestive." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE19020.
Full textInflammatory Bowel Disease (IDB) are worsened by stress. The aim of this work was to characterize the role of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF), a key neuropeptide of the stress response, its analog urocortin and their receptors, CRF1 and CRF2, in the gastro-intestinal tract during colitis. Expression of CRF, urocortin, CRF1 and CRF2 were localized to the enteric nervous system by immunohistochemistry and further detected by quantitative RT-PCR. There was no alteration of the messengers' profile of expression during a trinitrobenzenesulfonique acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. Immobilization stress improved colitis after 10 days and reactivated it after 6 weeks. There was a tendency to an increase in expression of CRF1 and a decrease in expression of CRF2 by stress. In conclusion, digestive peripheral CRF system may account for the proinflammatory of stress effects during colitis
Bruley, des Varannes Stanislas. "Réponses motrices gastrointestinales d'origines alimentaires et pharmacologiques étudiées par électromyographie de contact." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30159.
Full textTebib, Katia. "Effets nutritionnels des tanins de pépin de raisin chez le rat : fonctions digestives, profil lipidique et défenses antioxydantes." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20144.
Full textRoy, Karine. "Etude de la physiologie de Lactococcus lactis implanté dans le tractus digestif de souris par une approche protéomique." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112050.
Full textKnowledge of the bacterial functions required for colonization of the digestive tract (DT) is essential for the understanding of the properties of the microbiote. In this thesis, we studied the adaptation of Lactococcus lactis to the DT of monoassociated mice. L. Lactis is one the main starter used in the dairy industry and recent developments have demonstrated its potential as a living vehicle for the targeting of antigens or therapeutics. To identify the functions expressed by in the DT we used monoassociated animal model (mice) combined with a proteomic approach. L. Lactis is established at a population level equivalent to that of commensal bacteria. Proteome analysis indicated that the fermentation pathways activated in the DT by L. Lactis is reminiscent to that observed during carbon starvation. We identified YwcC, a protein of unknown function as essential for DT colonization. We showed that YwcC possesses a phosphogluconolactonase activity and is thus implicated in the pentose phosphate pathway. In a second study, we added lactose to the diet of L. Lactis monoassociated mice. The addition of the sugar induced the synthesis of lactose catabolic enzymes and repressed the synthesis of proteins involved in alternative catabolic pathways. This result confirmed the hypothesis of a carbon starvation physiological state for L. Lactis established in the DT. We observed that the presence of lactose provided a strong competitive advantage to strains able to catabolize it. By the combination of gnotobiotic animals, comparative proteome analysis and mutants construction, this thesis work provides novel informations on the in vivo physiology of Lactococcus lactis
Adjiri, Djamila. "Essai de simulation des fermentations caecale du lapin en fermenteur à flux semi-continu." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT004A.
Full textRuhnke, Isabelle [Verfasser]. "Studies on the Impact of Acidified Feed and Feed Processing on Digestive Physiology in Broiler Chickens and Laying Hens / Isabelle Ruhnke." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052893864/34.
Full textMonein-Langle, Dominique. "Morphologie et physiologie digestives de la civelle d'anguilla anguilla (linnaeus, 1758) en phase préalimentaire dans les conditions naturelles et en régime thermique particulier." Perpignan, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PERP0006.
Full textGarcia, Meilán Irene. "Efectos de las dietas de doble sustitución y las condiciones de cultivo sobre la capacidad digestiva y absortiva de dorada y lubina." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/334168.
Full textMeyrand, Pierre. "Plasticité phylogénétique d'un réseau paucineuronique générateur de rythme moteur : comparaison des réseaux pyloriques de la crevette et des grands crustacés." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10532.
Full textLemmey, Andrew Bruce. "Effects of insulin-like growth factors (IGFS) on recovery from gut resection in rats : a thesis submitted to the University of Adelaide, South Australia for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." 1992, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl554.pdf.
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