Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Physiologie végétale et développement'
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Saya, Rachel Aubain. "Amélioration de la croissance et du développement de pousses feuillées de bananier (Musa acuminata AAA) : passage du stade hétérotrophe "in vitro" au stade autotrophe "ex vitro"." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11382.
Full textDumont, Valérie. "Développement de méthodes de dosage et de caractérisation de sphingolipides végétaux et microbiens." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT020G.
Full textDesclos, Marie. "Modifications physiologique et protéomique associées à la remobilisation de l'azote foliaire au cours de la sénescence séquentielle chez le colza (Brassica napus L. )." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2078.
Full textSenescence, the faster proteolysis, and the increase of duration as well as intensity of N recycling. Brassica napus L. (oilseed rape) is an important crop plant with low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) due to a weak remobilization of nitrogen (N) during leaf senescence. In order to characterize the key processes able to improve the NUE, the objectives were to identify the physiological, proteomics and molecular events implied in N remobilization during leaf senescence, and to determine whether low mineral N availability impact on these events. Young leaves of nitrate-deprived plants presented a delay of senescence concomitant with the accumulation of a trypsin inhibitor corresponding to BnD22 (Brassica napus Drought 22 kDa), a protein capable of binding chlorophylls. The dual function of BnD22 could be involved in the protection of younger tissues by maintaining protein integrity and photosynthesis capacity in response to abiotic stresses. The analysis of proteomics and physiological events associated with N remobilization and leaf senescence revealed the involvement of proteins acting in energy metabolism, plant stress response and proteolysis. A chloroplastidial protease FtsH, an aspartic protease, a proteaosome subunit and a cysteine protease SAG12 were successively induced during leaf senescence. The N starvation led to accelerate the onset of leaf senescence but did not affect the sequence of events. The weak level of residual N observed in fallen leaves of oilseed rape deprived in N was explained by the premature
Bréchignac, François. "Photosynthèse et photorespiration chez la macroalgue marine Chondrus crispus : substrat carboné absorbé et nature de la prise d'oxygène." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077013.
Full textMorel, Alexandre. "Physiologie moléculaire du développement des embryons somatiques de pin maritime (Pinus pinaster Ait.) : approches transcriptomique et protéomique." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069408.
Full textDechaumet, Sylvain. "Dissection métabolique de la sénescence foliaire et de la remobilisation des nutriments chez le colza (Brassica napus)." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSARC133/document.
Full textOilseed rape is a very demanding oleaginous crop for nitrogen inputs associated with a low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The main challenge to improve the agri-environmental balance of oilseed rape is to optimize the NUE, especially under nitrogen deprivation. The NUE is limited by a low nitrogen remobilization efficiency (NRE) during leaf senescence. The aim of this thesis was to define the metabolome topology and orientation associated with NRE during leaf senescence in oilseed rape.The results show that leaf metabolome dynamically evolves throughout their vegetative growth, until their fall. Metabolome was found specific to each leaf rank, reflecting the trophic and environmental relationships related to the leaf positioning in the canopy. These specificities are associated with variations in carbohydrates, amino acids, glucosinolates and coumarins contents in close connection with the phytohormonal regulation of leaf development and with their translocation in the phloem.In particular, the activation of Proline circadian-controlled catabolism in senescent tissues was demonstrated. Finally, significant variations in the degradation and transport of proteins, carbohydrates and amino acids between two highly efficient NRE genotypes were highlighted using a combined transcriptomic and metabolomic approach. Similarly, a close relationship has been described between the genes expression levels and the metabolic content involved to increase NRE under low nitrogen input.The results are discussed regarding nitrogen remobilization improvement and more generally nutrients i
Zaïdi, Leïla. "Étude anatomique et physiologique de la "bourse" fruitière du poirier (Pyrus communis L. C. V. Conférence)." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10334.
Full textCarnero, Diaz Le Disquet Isabel. "Étude du rôle du partenaire fongique dans l'absorption, le transport et le stockage des cations chez les ectomycorhizes." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10298.
Full textChavanelle, Vivien. "Effets de deux modalités d'entraînement et d'une complémentation à base d'extraits végétaux sur le développement du diabète de type 2 : Physiologie." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAS021.
Full textType 2 diabetes (T2D) represents one of the main challenges for the 21 st century. In 2015, 415 million people in the world were diabetic and 318 million more showed signs of prediabetes, a condition defined by a high risk of developing T2D, though still reversible. Lifestyle recommendations (physical activity and diet) form the first line of intervention for T2D prevention. The objective of this thesis was to measure the effects of two lifestyle-based therapeutic strategies on T2D development. Study 1 aimed at comparing the effects of two chronic exercise modalities (moderate-intensity continuous training vs. high-intensity interval training) on the progression of T2D of young db/db mice. Study 2 was focused on assessing the effects of a blend of 5 plants (patented formula Totum-63) on the development of T2D of two murine models of prediabetes: young db/db mice and high-fat diet induced insulin resistance mice. In study 1, high-intensity interval training improved glycaemic control maybe through enhanced muscular Glut4 content despite no adaptation of mitochondrial function. In study 2, Totum-63 supplementation improved glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in both models of prediabetes. Several mechanisms in tissues involved in T2D physiopathology were unveiled, suggesting a pleiotropic action of Totum-63. In conclusion, this work supports the interest of these two lifestyle- based interventions for preventing T2D development. Future prospects include the study of the combined action of chronic exercise and Totum-63
Meridja, Samir. "Approche biophysique des processus de développement et de croissance des couverts végétaux : Interaction avec le stress hydrique et optimisation des pratiques culturales en climat méditerranéen." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00776775.
Full textTubeileh, Ashraf. "Photosynthèse, répartition des assimilats et rhizodéposition chez le maïs (Zea Mays L. ) soumis à la compaction du sol." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2000_TUBEILEH_A.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this work was to investigate the effects of soil compaction on carbon assimilation, photosynthate partitioning, and morphology of corn plants during vegetative growth period up to tassel initiation. We were particularly interested in carbon input into the soil and soil microbial biomass. Corn plants were grown in culture pots containing compacted soil (bulk density of 1. 45 g cm-3 ) or loose soil (bulk density of 1. 30 g cm-3). Experiments were conducted in a growth chamber and lasted for 21 to 42 days. Carbon partitioning in the plant-soil system was evaluated using 14C pulse-labeling techniques. The increase in soil bulk density decreased carbon assimilation rate and total carbon fixation. Furthermore, soil compaction delayed leaf appearance rate decreasing therefore plant height, shoot dry weight, and leaf area. In addition, root biomass and root elongation were also inferior when plants were grown in compacted soil and root length appeared to be the most sensible parameter to high soil mechanical resistance. Simultaneously, a great increase in carbon input into the soil occurred to the detriment of root carbon. Soil microbial biomass increased considerably in compacted soil thanks to this increase in carbon substrates and to physical protection provided for soil microflora as a result of the reduced porosity in compacted soil. Three hypotheses were formulated to explain these results: 1- a decrease in soil or root water potential or a sink limitation induces a down-regulation of photosynthetic activity, 2- the increase in root diameter decreases soil mechanical resistance, and 3- the increase in carbon rhizodeposition alleviates the effects of mechanical constraint. The effects of soil compaction persisted with plant age although the difference between the two treatments decreased in terms of percentage
Petit, Jean-Michel. "Régulation de l'expression des gènes de ferritines végétales en réponse à des signaux de l'environnement et du développement." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20231.
Full textCazaux, Edwige. "Isolement et culture des protoplastes d'"Hevea brasiliensis" : facteurs physiologiques et biochimiques impliqués dans la récalcitrance." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20023.
Full textRollion-Bard, Claire. "Variabilité des isotopes de l'oxygène dans les coraux Porites : développement et implications des microanalyses d'isotopes stables (B, C ET O) par sonde ionique." Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_ROLLION-BARD_C.pdf.
Full textGarnier-Petit, Agathe. "Purification et caractérisation de la glutamate déshydrogénase à NAD chez le basidiomycète ectomycorhizien Laccaria bicolor : régulation de son activité chez le champignon en culture pure et dans deux associations ectomycorhiziennes." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10312.
Full textRipoll, Camille. "Modèles compartimentaux de cellules végétales : influence de la croissance sur les flux." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES010.
Full textMaillard, Patrick. "Influence de l'éthylène sur la croissance, la physiologie et le métabolisme d'haematococcus pluvialis." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMP0581.
Full textPelosse, Perrine. "Rôle des compromis évolutifs dans la spécialisation et la coexistence d'espèces compétitrices : développements théoriques et expérimentaux chez les insectes parasitoïdes." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369569.
Full textAubert, Serge. "Effets multiples du glycérol sur le métabolisme de la cellule végétale non chlorophyllienne." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10217.
Full textPuga, Freitas Ruben, and Freitas Ruben Puga. "Effet du ver de terre Aporrectodea caliginosa sur la croissance des plantes, leur développement et leur résistance aux pathogènes : réponse physiologique et moléculaire de la plante à l'émission de molécules-signal." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804633.
Full textVerpraet, Jacques. "Localisation et caractérisation des isoformes de la Glucose 6-phosphate déshydrogénase chez l'Épicéa (Picea abies L. Karsten)." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10274.
Full textRoscher, Albrecht. "Étude du métabolisme énergétique végétal par RMN d'échange chimique du 31P : développement et application de la technique 2D EXSY." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10059.
Full textBittar, Eric. "Modèles déformables surfaciques, implicites et volumiques, pour l'imagerie médicale." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1998. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00004869.
Full textCornel, Daniel. "Etude des propriétés électrophysiologiques des protoplastes et des vacuoles libres d'Acer Pseudoplatanus L." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077112.
Full textRefeno, Germain. "Contribution a l'étude de la méristogénèse chez Vanilla planifolia Andr. (orchidée) et de ses applications." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13172.
Full textGueyrard, David. "Le couple glucosinolate-myrosinase : études et applications." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE2042.
Full textBen, Driss Amraoui Mohammed. "Absorption, assimilation et transport de l'azote inorganique (NO : :(3-) et NH::(4+)) chez le hêtre (Fagus Sylvatica L.)." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10075.
Full textViaud-Massuard, Marie-Claude. "Synthèse de glucosinolates naturels et artificiels." Orléans, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ORLE2057.
Full textTurbant, Amélie. "Modification des pectines et développement de la graine d'Arabidopsis thaliana." Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0115.
Full textPerez-Guevara, Fermin. "Production de schizosaccharomyces pombe. Physiologie et paramètres de culture." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT053G.
Full textMartinez, Jacques. "Approche génétique et physiologique de la croissance et du développement à basse température chez quelques "Lycopersicon"." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20234.
Full textHerman, Jean-Paul. "Greffes intracérébrales de neurones dopaminergiques : effets comportementaux, physiologie et développement." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR22024.
Full textGarcia, Darras Carolina. "Conception et développement d'un microcalorimètre pour l'étude de l'oxydation d'une huile végétale." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14517/document.
Full textLipid oxidation results of many reactions generating numerous oxidation products that are worth characterizing in fats and oils. Among the analysis methods available, differential scanning calorimetry, based on the differential measurement of heat flux dissipated during the oxidation reactions, is convenient because it avoids the use of organic solvents. In this context, we have conceived and developed a microcalorimeter that allows the analysis of up to 5 samples simultaneously, in containers of variable sizes (allowing to vary the surface/volume ratio). For the conception of the microcalorimeter, the thermopiles are used in adiabatic configuration. The system is very stable and allowed flux measurement with a high sensitivity. The validation of the method is performed by Joule effect and by comparison of melting points of paraffins with classical differential scanning calorimetry. The modelization of the oxidation reaction is performed to point out the influence of oxygen on the kinetics. For a polyunsaturated oil (cameline oil), the enthalpy values obtained, at the beginning of the oxidation process, under isothermal condition (100°C) are correlated with the diene conjugated hydroperoxide amount. On the whole, the developed device provided an adaptable, sensitive, solvent-free and low cost method for the measurement of lipid oxidation, particularly suitable for the fast screening of a large set of samples
Nehr, Zofia. "Analyse génétique et fonctionnelle du mutant de morphogenèse étoile de l'algue brune ectocarpus siliculosus." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066766.
Full textMulticellularity has occurred independently in Phaeophyceae and in other multicellular lineages. Therefore these organisms offer the opportunity to study novel and alternative developmental processes. Ectocarpus siliculosus is the model species for brown algae and the development of its early sporophyte has been described precisely. To understand the genetic and molecular basis of this development, a forward genetic approach has been carried out. The mutant étoile is the first morphogenetics mutant exhaustively described. Its single locus and recessive mutation, leads to a defect in cell differentiation that decouples branching tempo and position leading to a hyperbranched phenotype. Gametophyte rhizoïde is modifoed as well, it resembles the étoile early sporophyt phenotype. The two phenotypes are genetically linked and thought to be induced by the etl mutation. The ETL locus has been identified by a map-based approach. The illumina sequencing of the mutant genome allowed to propose candidate mutations. The only non-silent mutation affects a protein with two functional domains: a BAR/IMD domain and RhoGAP domain. BAR/IMD domains can recognize lipid membranes and are able to inhibit RhoGAP domains which are regulators for RhoGTPases. As ETL is expressed in the filamentous apical cells, it could maintain tip-growth in the apices through interaction between its two domains. ETL gene is the first morphogenetic gene that has been cloned, and hence it opens hudge perspectives for functional characterization and evo-devo studies
Vital-Durand, François. "Le système visuel du singe : anatomie, physiologie, développement et manipulations précoces." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO19008.
Full textBadot, Pierre-Marie. "Approche cellulaire du mécanisme du mouvement révolutif des tiges volubiles : Étude de quelques paramètres physico-chimiques." Besançon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA2032.
Full textBrand, Débora. "Physiologie de croissance et de sporulation des champignons nématophages cultivés en milieu solide." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX11039.pdf.
Full textBlondelle, Jordan. "Rôle de Hacd1 dans le développement et la physiologie des cellules musculaires." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066261.
Full textHuman and animal centronuclear myopathies (CNMs) are characterized by muscle weakness and myofiber hypotrophy. In Labrador retriever, a mutation in HACD1/PTPLA gene, encoding a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase involved in very long chain fatty acid elongation (C≥18), leads to a CNM. This work aimed at characterizing the function of HACD1 in muscle development and physiology. Using HACD1-deficient cells, we show that HACD activity was necessary for myoblast fusion during muscle differentiation through the regulation of lipid balance and membrane fluidity. In CNM-affected dogs, the absence of HACD1 led to a decrease in myofiber diameter and an impairment in muscle regeneration. This result suggests that a fusion defect may participate to myofiber hypotrophy. Moreover, Hacd1-deficient mice developed troubles in glucose metabolism and retina function, thus revealing new roles for HACD1 at the organism level
Robert, Christine. "Le brunissement enzymatique chez le palmiste rouge des Bas (Acanthophoenix rubra) : purification et caractérisation du système polyphénoloxydasique." La Réunion, 1995. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/95_S002_Robert.pdf.
Full textLouvet, Romain. "Approches biochimique et moléculaire du développement de la silique chez Arabidopsis thaliana (L. ) : Régulation et fonctions des Pectine MéthylEstérases." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0109.
Full textPlant cell wall is a complex network which consists of phenolic, proteic and polysaccharadic compounds. The latter comprises notably cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins. Homogalacturonans, which are one of the main pectic compounds, can be demethylesterified by cell wall bases enzymes, pectin methylesterases (PMEs, EC 3. 1. 1. 11), a multigenic family of 66 members in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we have quantitatively and qualitatively analysed the cell wall polysaccharides composition during silique development in Arabidopsis. The decrease in the degree of methylesterification of homogalacturonan and the increase of total PME activity during silique maturation has lead us to investigate the variation in the expression of the 66 PMEs genes, using RT-qPCR, during this developmental process. Our results showed that PME gene expression can be clustered into five groups, and allowed some gene of interest to be chosen for further analysis. For several candidates, the precise tissue localization was realised using promoter::GUS fusions. This showed that one PME gene, At5g47500, is expressed in the shoot apical meristem and is coexpressed in many tissues with the At5g20740 gene, which encodes a putative PME inhibitor. A functional genomic approach showed that the function of AT5G47500 might be related to the fine tuning of the degree of methylesterification in meristematic tissues, which could play a role in the changes in cell wall structure leading to primordia emergence
Vandecasteele, Guénin Stéphanie. "Rôle des pectines méthylestérases dans la régulation de l'élongation de l'hypocotyle et de la rhizogenèse adventive chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIE0104.
Full textIn plants, the primary cell wall consists of a network of cellulose microfibrils and xyloglucan cross-links embedded in a complex pectic and protein matrix. Homogalacturonans, which are one of the main pectic compounds, can be demethylesterified by cell wall bases enzymes, pectin methylesterases (PME, EC 3. 1. 1. 11), a multigenic family of 66 members in Arabidopsis. Thus, PMEs are likely to play major roles in pectin remodelling in muro. Our work aims at characterizing the function of two genes coding pectin methylesterase that was shown to be expressed during seed maturation and in the early stages of germination for PME36 gene while PME3 gene is expressed ubiquitously in the vascular tissues. We showed that the decreased PME activity in Arabidopsis pme3 mutant led to increase the degree of methylesterification (DM) of pectins as well as the adventitious root formation in hypocotyl [1]. Unexpectedly, 48 hours after germination, PME activity in dark-grown hypocotyls of pme36 was higher than in the wild-type. This led to a decrease in the DM of pectins and in the number of adventitious roots in the mutant. While confirming the positive correlation between DM of pectins and adventitious rooting, these results highlight the existence of a mechanism overcompensating the absence of the PME36 protein in pme36 hypocotyls. We found that this compensatory mechanism involved transcriptional regulation, i. E. Other PME genes being overexpressed in pme36 hypocotyl. In addition, looking at hormone content and assessing the expression of genes involved in the hormone signaling pathways shown to control adventitious rooting, we found a strong alteration in hormone homeostasis in pme36 hypocotyls. Taken together these results suggest that adventitious rooting and hypocotyl elongation are controlled by a regulatory network involving crosstalk between hormone signaling and PME activity, which is modulated through a compensatory mechanism triggered by variations in DM of pectins
Bittar, Eric. "Modèles déformables surfaciques, implicites et volumiques, pour l'imagerie médicale." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004869.
Full textBetron, Cyrille. "Développement et fonctionnalisation d'huiles végétales pour la plastification et la réticulation d'élastomères." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1054/document.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to study the feasibility of replacing the fossil oils by vegetable oils in polymer matrices.The first section discusses the diffusion of oil in EPDM and PVC matrices. This study was carried out by confronting the theoretical model of the Hansen solubility parameters to experiment rheology tests. The results were analyzed to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of this model.In second part, we used an elastomer formulation based on vegetable oils plasticizers. The effectiveness of these plasticizers has been verified using different tests. The results showed the problems of incompatibility between the EPDM matrix and the bio-based oils. In situ modification method was therefore used on Tung oil to fix the vegetable oil into the matrix.Finally, in a last part we studied different properties of the crosslinked material. We have developed two crosslinking systems based on di-functional molecules, the 2-furanmethanethiol and 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane
Wehrkamp-Richter, Sophie. "Développement d'outils pour mesurer et augmenter les fréquences de recombinaison chez le maïs et Arabidopsis thaliana." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21896.
Full textEvrard, Adeline. "Développements de la spectroscopie RMN en biologie structurale et métabolique : études de la protéine SiR-FP60 et du métabolisme végétal." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10070.
Full textRavaz, Nathalie. "Croissance de populations levuriennes mixtes : effet Killer : analyse et modélisation." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT058G.
Full textHad, Laurence. "Tropomyosines et développement du système nerveux." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20051.
Full textPonomarenko, Alexandre. "Ecoulements critiques et plantes." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833463.
Full textRao, Hongwei. "Développement postnatal des centres végétatifs bulbaires : synaptogénèse et maturation de la neurotransmission glutamatergique : étude neuroanatomique chez le rat." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30029.
Full textMoncousin, Charles. "Évolution de l'AIA, des composés phénoliques, de l'activité spécifique des péroxydases et de la production d'éthylène, au cours de la rhizogénèse, sur des microboutures de vigne (V. Riparia Michx. X V. Rupestris Scheele)." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10216.
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