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Journal articles on the topic 'Physiology of biofilms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Schulze, Adina, Fabian Mitterer, Joao P. Pombo, and Stefan Schild. "Biofilms by bacterial human pathogens: Clinical relevance - development, composition and regulation - therapeutical strategies." Microbial Cell 8, no. 2 (2021): 28–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15698/mic2021.02.741.

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Notably, bacterial biofilm formation is increas-ingly recognized as a passive virulence factor facilitating many infectious disease processes. In this review we will focus on bacterial biofilms formed by human pathogens and highlight their relevance for diverse diseases. Along biofilm composition and regulation emphasis is laid on the intensively studied biofilms of Vibrio cholerae, Pseu-domonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp., which are commonly used as biofilm model organisms and therefore contribute to our general understanding of bacterial bio-film (patho-)physiology. Finally, therapeut

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Vieira, Helena L. A., Patrick Freire, and Cecília M. Arraiano. "Effect of Escherichia coli Morphogene bolA on Biofilms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 9 (2004): 5682–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.9.5682-5684.2004.

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ABSTRACT Biofilm physiology is established under a low growth rate. The morphogene bolA is mostly expressed under stress conditions or in stationary phase, suggesting that bolA could be implicated in biofilm development. In order to verify this hypothesis, we tested the effect of bolA on biofilm formation. Overexpression of bolA induces biofilm development, while bolA deletion decreases biofilms.

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von Ohle, Christiane, Armin Gieseke, Laura Nistico, Eva Maria Decker, Dirk deBeer, and Paul Stoodley. "Real-Time Microsensor Measurement of Local Metabolic Activities in Ex Vivo Dental Biofilms Exposed to Sucrose and Treated with Chlorhexidine." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 7 (2010): 2326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02090-09.

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ABSTRACT Dental biofilms are characterized by structural and functional heterogeneity. Due to bacterial metabolism, gradients develop and diverse ecological microniches exist. The aims of this study were (i) to determine the metabolic activity of microorganisms in naturally grown dental biofilms ex vivo by measuring dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH profiles with microelectrodes with high spatial resolution and (ii) to analyze the impact of an antimicrobial chlorhexidine (CHX) treatment on microbial physiology during stimulation by sucrose in real time. Biofilms were cultivated on standardized huma

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Campoccia, Davide, Lucio Montanaro, and Carla Renata Arciola. "Extracellular DNA (eDNA). A Major Ubiquitous Element of the Bacterial Biofilm Architecture." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (2021): 9100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22169100.

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After the first ancient studies on microbial slime (the name by which the biofilm matrix was initially indicated), multitudes of studies on the morphology, composition and physiology of biofilms have arisen. The emergence of the role that biofilms play in the pathogenesis of recalcitrant and persistent clinical infections, such as periprosthetic orthopedic infections, has reinforced scientific interest. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a recently uncovered component that is proving to be almost omnipresent in the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of biofilm. This macromolecule is eliciting un

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Steinberger, R. E., and P. A. Holden. "Extracellular DNA in Single- and Multiple-Species Unsaturated Biofilms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 9 (2005): 5404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.9.5404-5410.2005.

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ABSTRACT The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bacterial biofilms form a hydrated barrier between cells and their external environment. Better characterization of EPS could be useful in understanding biofilm physiology. The EPS are chemically complex, changing with both bacterial strain and culture conditions. Previously, we reported that Pseudomonas aeruginosa unsaturated biofilm EPS contains large amounts of extracellular DNA (eDNA) (R. E. Steinberger, A. R. Allen, H. G. Hansma, and P. A. Holden, Microb. Ecol. 43:416-423, 2002). Here, we investigated the compositional similarity of

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Wijeyekoon, S., T. Mino, H. Satoh, and T. Matsuo. "Growth and novel structural features of tubular biofilms produced under different hydrodynamic conditions." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 4-5 (2000): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0436.

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Biofilm growth and internal structures were investigated by Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy and fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probe hybridization. Biofilms on smooth flat surfaces such as glass slides grew as isolated cell clusters. Under a hydraulic linear flow velocity of 1.7 cm/s mature biofilms exhibited a network like structure consisting of large interconnected cell clusters leading to possible three-dimensional mass transport. Smooth curved tube surfaces were also colonized by isolated cell clusters. However a clustered structure was not observed in mature tubular biofilms wh

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Frederick, Jesse R., James G. Elkins, Nikki Bollinger, Daniel J. Hassett, and Timothy R. McDermott. "Factors Affecting Catalase Expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms and Planktonic Cells." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 3 (2001): 1375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.3.1375-1379.2001.

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ABSTRACT Previous work with Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that catalase activity in biofilms was significantly reduced relative to that in planktonic cells. To better understand biofilm physiology, we examined possible explanations for the differential expression of catalase in cells cultured in these two different conditions. For maximal catalase activity, biofilm cells required significantly more iron (25 μM as FeCl3) in the medium, whereas planktonic cultures required no addition of iron. However, iron-stimulated catalase activity in biofilms was still only about one-third that in planktoni

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Okabe, S., T. Kindaichi, Y. Nakamura, and T. Ito. "Eco-physiology of autotrophic nitrifying biofilms." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 7 (2005): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0205.

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Microautoradiography combined with fluorescent in situ hybridization (MAR-FISH), a powerful tool for linking physiology with identification of individual cells, was applied to investigate microbial interactions between nitrifying bacteria and coexisting heterotrophic bacteria in an autotrophic nitrifying biofilm community fed with only ammonia as the sole energy source and bicarbonate as the sole carbon source. First, nitrifying bacteria were radiolabeled by culturing the biofilm samples with [14C]bicarbonate for 6 h, and then the transfer of radioactivity from nitrifying bacteria to heterotro

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Yuan, Lei, Fedrick C. Mgomi, Zhenbo Xu, Ni Wang, Guoqing He, and Zhenquan Yang. "Understanding of food biofilms by the application of omics techniques." Future Microbiology 16, no. 4 (2021): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2020-0218.

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Biofilms constitute a protective barrier for foodborne pathogens to survive under stressful food processing conditions. Therefore, studies into the development and control of biofilms by novel techniques are vital for the food industry. In recent years, foodomics techniques have been developed for biofilm studies, which contributed to a better understanding of biofilm behavior, physiology, composition, as well as their response to antibiofilm methods at different molecular levels including genes, RNA, proteins and metabolic metabolites. Throughout this review, the main studies where foodomics

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Adams, Jennifer L., and Robert J. C. McLean. "Impact of rpoS Deletion onEscherichia coli Biofilms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 9 (1999): 4285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.9.4285-4287.1999.

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ABSTRACT Slow growth has been hypothesized to be an essential aspect of bacterial physiology within biofilms. In order to test this hypothesis, we employed two strains of Escherichia coli, ZK126 (ΔlacZ rpoS +) and its isogenic ΔrpoS derivative, ZK1000. These strains were grown at two rates (0.033 and 0.0083 h−1) in a glucose-limited chemostat which was coupled either to a modified Robbins device containing plugs of silicone rubber urinary catheter material or to a glass flow cell. The presence or absence of rpoS did not significantly affect planktonic growth of E. coli. In contrast, biofilm ce

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Moreau-Marquis, Sophie, Jennifer M. Bomberger, Gregory G. Anderson та ін. "The ΔF508-CFTR mutation results in increased biofilm formation byPseudomonas aeruginosaby increasing iron availability". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 295, № 1 (2008): L25—L37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00391.2007.

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Enhanced antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung is thought to be due to the formation of biofilms. However, there is no information on the antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa biofilms grown on human airway epithelial cells or on the effects of airway cells on biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. Thus we developed a coculture model and report that airway cells increase the resistance of P. aeruginosa to tobramycin (Tb) by >25-fold compared with P. aeruginosa grown on abiotic surfaces. Therefore, the concentration of Tb required to kill P. aeruginos

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Visick, Karen L., Mark A. Schembri, Fitnat Yildiz, and Jean-Marc Ghigo. "Biofilms 2015: Multidisciplinary Approaches Shed Light into Microbial Life on Surfaces." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 19 (2016): 2553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00156-16.

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The 7th ASM Conference on Biofilms was held in Chicago, Illinois, from 24 to 29 October 2015. The conference provided an international forum for biofilm researchers across academic and industry platforms, and from different scientific disciplines, to present and discuss new findings and ideas. The meeting covered a wide range of topics, spanning environmental sciences, applied biology, evolution, ecology, physiology, and molecular biology of the biofilm lifestyle. This report summarizes the presentations with regard to emerging biofilm-related themes.

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Aspiras, M., P. Stoodley, L. Nistico, M. Longwell, and M. de Jager. "Clinical Implications of Power Toothbrushing on Fluoride Delivery: Effects on Biofilm Plaque Metabolism and Physiology." International Journal of Dentistry 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/651869.

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Dental biofilms are implicated in the formation of caries and periodontal disease. A major constituent of the supragingival biofilm isStreptococcus mutans, which produces lactic acid from sucrose fermentation, enhancing enamel demineralization and eventual caries development. Caries prevention through F inhibits enamel demineralization and promotes remineralization. Fluoride also exerts effects on metabolic activities in the supragingival biofilm such as aerobic respiration, acid fermentation and dentrification. In experimentalS. mutansbiofilms, adding 1000 ppm F to an acidogenic biofilm resul

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Trebino, Michael A., Rahul D. Shingare, John B. MacMillan, and Fitnat H. Yildiz. "Strategies and Approaches for Discovery of Small Molecule Disruptors of Biofilm Physiology." Molecules 26, no. 15 (2021): 4582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26154582.

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Biofilms, the predominant growth mode of microorganisms, pose a significant risk to human health. The protective biofilm matrix, typically composed of exopolysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, combined with biofilm-grown bacteria’s heterogenous physiology, leads to enhanced fitness and tolerance to traditional methods for treatment. There is a need to identify biofilm inhibitors using diverse approaches and targeting different stages of biofilm formation. This review discusses discovery strategies that successfully identified a wide range of inhibitors and the processes used to

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Rai, Anoopkrishna, Rajeshwari V. Vittal, and Juliet R. Mohan Raj. "Isolation, Characterization, and Comparison of Efficiencies of Bacteriophages to Reduce Planktonic and Biofilm-Associated Staphylococcus aureus." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 10, no. 03 (2020): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715773.

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Abstract Introduction In the present era, wherein occurrence of antimicrobial resistance compounded with biofilms in disease conditions has rendered present antibiotic therapy ineffective, the need for alternative strategies to treat bacterial infections has brought bacteriophages to the forefront. The antimicrobial activity of phages is often determined by a viable cell reduction assay which focuses only on planktonic forms. The physiology of an organism in biofilm differs from those that are planktonic; hence, there is a need to evaluate the activity of phages both on planktonic forms, as we

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Cutruzzolà, Francesca, and Nicole Frankenberg-Dinkel. "Origin and Impact of Nitric Oxide in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 1 (2015): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00371-15.

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The formation of the organized bacterial community called biofilm is a crucial event in bacterial physiology. Given that biofilms are often refractory to antibiotics and disinfectants to which planktonic bacteria are susceptible, their formation is also an industrially and medically relevant issue.Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a well-known human pathogen causing acute and chronic infections, is considered a model organism to study biofilms. A large number of environmental cues control biofilm dynamics in bacterial cells. In particular, the dispersal of individual cells from the biofilm requires meta

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Webb, Jeremy S., Mathew Lau, and Staffan Kjelleberg. "Bacteriophage and Phenotypic Variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Development." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 23 (2004): 8066–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.23.8066-8073.2004.

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ABSTRACT A current question in biofilm research is whether biofilm-specific genetic processes can lead to differentiation in physiology and function among biofilm cells. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, phenotypic variants which exhibit a small-colony phenotype on agar media and a markedly accelerated pattern of biofilm development compared to that of the parental strain are often isolated from biofilms. We grew P. aeruginosa biofilms in glass flow cell reactors and observed that the emergence of small-colony variants (SCVs) in the effluent runoff from the biofilms correlated with the emergence of p

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Alipour, Misagh, Abdelwahab Omri, and Zacharias E. Suntres. "Ginseng aqueous extract attenuates the production of virulence factors, stimulates twitching and adhesion, and eradicates biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 89, no. 6 (2011): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y11-057.

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This study was carried out to examine the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract of Panax quinquefolius from North American ginseng (NAGE) root against Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The minimum inhibitory concentrations of reference and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were measured by a standard agar-dilution method. At subinhibitory NAGE concentrations, the secretion of virulence factors, motility on agar, and adhesion to 96-well microplates were studied on the nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa O1 strain. At suprainhibitory concentrations, the activity of NAGE against mature biof

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Kowalski, Caitlin H., Kaesi A. Morelli, Daniel Schultz, Carey D. Nadell, and Robert A. Cramer. "Fungal biofilm architecture produces hypoxic microenvironments that drive antifungal resistance." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 36 (2020): 22473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003700117.

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Human fungal infections may fail to respond to contemporary antifungal therapies in vivo despite in vitro fungal isolate drug susceptibility. Such a discrepancy between in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility and in vivo treatment outcomes is partially explained by microbes adopting a drug-resistant biofilm mode of growth during infection. The filamentous fungal pathogenAspergillus fumigatusforms biofilms in vivo, and during biofilm growth it has reduced susceptibility to all three classes of contemporary antifungal drugs. Specific features of filamentous fungal biofilms that drive antifungal dr

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Klare, William, Theerthankar Das, Amaye Ibugo, Edwina Buckle, Mike Manefield, and Jim Manos. "Glutathione-Disrupted Biofilms of Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Exhibit an Enhanced Antibiotic Effect and a Novel Biofilm Transcriptome." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 8 (2016): 4539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02919-15.

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ABSTRACTPseudomonas aeruginosainfections result in high morbidity and mortality rates for individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), with premature death often occurring. These infections are complicated by the formation of biofilms in the sputum. Antibiotic therapy is stymied by antibiotic resistance of the biofilm matrix, making novel antibiofilm strategies highly desirable. WithinP. aeruginosabiofilms, the redox factor pyocyanin enhances biofilm integrity by intercalating with extracellular DNA. The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) reacts with pyocyanin, disrupting intercalation. This study invest

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Simões, M., M. O. Pereira, and M. J. Vieira. "The role of hydrodynamic stress on the phenotypic characteristics of single and binary biofilms of Pseudomonas fluorescens." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 8-9 (2007): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.288.

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This study investigates the phenotype of turbulent (Re = 5,200) and laminar (Re = 2,000) flow-generated Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms. Three P. fluorescens strains, the type strain ATCC 13525 and two strains isolated from an industrial processing plant, D3-348 and D3-350, were used throughout this study. The isolated strains were used to form single and binary biofilms. The biofilm physiology (metabolic activity, cellular density, mass, extracellular polymeric substances, structural characteristics and outer membrane proteins [OMP] expression) was compared. The results indicate that, for ev

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Bauer, Brandon M., Lewis Rogers, Monique Macias, et al. "Characterization of a mucoid-like Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm." Fine Focus 1, no. 2 (2015): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/ff.1.2.121-137.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms are implicated in chronic infections. A key element of P. aeruginosapathogenicity is the formation of a biofilm, a community of bacteria encased in an exopolymeric substance (EPS) that shields the bacteria from the host immune response and antibiotic treatment. A crucial step in biofilm production is a switch in motility from freely swimming, planktonic bacteria to twitching movement and then to attached and sedentary bacteria that develop into a mature pillar-shaped biofilm. A mucoid biofilm produces an excess of alginate and is clinically the most pathogenic a

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Nielsen, Per Halkjær, Andreas Jahn, and Rikke Palmgren. "Conceptual model for production and composition of exopolymers in biofilms." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 1 (1997): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0002.

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The presence and the transformations of organic fractions within biofilms are not usually included in biofilm models, mainly owing to the lack of knowledge of the important processes, the stoichiometry and the kinetics. A conceptual biofilm model taking into account microbial physiology with regard to production of extracellular polymers and their transformation within the biofilm is suggested. The suggested components in the biofilm are the cell biomass and the various extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), such as polysaccharides, protein, humic substances and nucleic acids. In addition,

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Desai, Stuti K., Anup Padmanabhan, Sharvari Harshe, Ronen Zaidel-Bar, and Linda J. Kenney. "Salmonella biofilms program innate immunity for persistence in Caenorhabditis elegans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 25 (2019): 12462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1822018116.

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The adaptive in vivo mechanisms underlying the switch in Salmonella enterica lifestyles from the infectious form to a dormant form remain unknown. We employed Caenorhabditis elegans as a heterologous host to understand the temporal dynamics of Salmonella pathogenesis and to identify its lifestyle form in vivo. We discovered that Salmonella exists as sessile aggregates, or in vivo biofilms, in the persistently infected C. elegans gut. In the absence of in vivo biofilms, Salmonella killed the host more rapidly by actively inhibiting innate immune pathways. Regulatory cross-talk between two major

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Drulis-Kawa, Zuzanna, and Barbara Maciejewska. "Special Issue: “Bacteriophages and Biofilms”." Viruses 13, no. 2 (2021): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020257.

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Ganin, Hadas, Natalie Kemper, Sagit Meir, et al. "Indole Derivatives Maintain the Status Quo Between Beneficial Biofilms and Their Plant Hosts." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 32, no. 8 (2019): 1013–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-12-18-0327-r.

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Biofilms formed by bacteria on plant roots play an important role in maintaining an optimal rhizosphere environment that supports plant growth and fitness. Bacillus subtilis is a potent plant growth promoter, forming biofilms that play a key role in protecting the host from fungal and bacterial infections. In this work, we demonstrate that the development of B. subtilis biofilms is antagonized by specific indole derivatives that accumulate during symbiotic interactions with plant hosts. Indole derivatives are more potent signals when the plant polysaccharide xylan serves as a carbon source, a

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Stewart, Philip S., Michael J. Franklin, Kerry S. Williamson, James P. Folsom, Laura Boegli, and Garth A. James. "Contribution of Stress Responses to Antibiotic Tolerance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 7 (2015): 3838–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00433-15.

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ABSTRACTEnhanced tolerance of biofilm-associated bacteria to antibiotic treatments is likely due to a combination of factors, including changes in cell physiology as bacteria adapt to biofilm growth and the inherent physiological heterogeneity of biofilm bacteria. In this study, a transcriptomics approach was used to identify genes differentially expressed during biofilm growth ofPseudomonas aeruginosa. These genes were tested for statistically significant overlap, with independently compiled gene lists corresponding to stress responses and other putative antibiotic-protective mechanisms. Amon

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Macfarlane, Sandra, and George T. Macfarlane. "Composition and Metabolic Activities of Bacterial Biofilms Colonizing Food Residues in the Human Gut." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 9 (2006): 6204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00754-06.

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ABSTRACT Bacteria growing in the human large intestine live in intimate association with the host and play an important role in host digestive processes, gut physiology, and metabolism. Fecal bacteria have been investigated extensively, but few studies have been done on biofilms that form on digestive wastes in the large bowel. The aims of this investigation were to investigate the composition and metabolic activities of bacterial communities that colonize the surfaces of food residues in fecal material, with respect to their role in the fermentation of complex carbohydrates. Fresh stools were

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Daims, H., P. H. Nielsen, J. L. Nielsen, S. Juretschko, and M. Wagner. "Novel Nitrospira-like bacteria as dominant nitrite-oxidizers in biofilms from wastewater treatment plants: diversity and in situ physiology." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 4-5 (2000): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0430.

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The frequency and distribution of putatively nitrite-oxidizing, Nitrospira- like bacteria in nitrifying biofilms from two reactors receiving wastewater with different ammonia and salt concentrations were observed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. For this purpose, new 16S rRNA-directed oligonucleotide probes targeting the bacterial phylum Nitrospira and the three main lineages within this phylum were developed and evaluated. The diversity of Nitrospira-like bacteria in the reactors was additionally investigated by retrieval and comparative analysis of full 16S rRNA sequences from the biofi

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Wang, Yiping, Wei Jiang, Yi Cheng, et al. "Vertical patterns of leaf physiology and biofilm characteristics for submerged macrophytes in a shallow subtropical lake." Marine and Freshwater Research 72, no. 8 (2021): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf20350.

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Little is known about vertical patterns of leaf characteristics for submerged macrophytes in freshwater ecosystems. Here, after sampling Ceratophyllum demersum and Hydrilla verticillata in deep (3.8m) and shallow areas (1.0m) in a shallow subtropical lake, we cut the individuals into segments along the vertical direction, and measured leaf biofilm and physiology characteristics. In the deep area, leaf pigment concentrations showed declining trends with an increasing water depth, but the enzymatic specific activity of peroxidase (POD-ESA) was precisely the opposite. Moreover, the amount of atta

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Potera, Carol. "Phenazine-Detecting Chips Can Follow Bacterial Physiology in Biofilms." Microbe Magazine 9, no. 6 (2014): 230–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/microbe.9.230.1.

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Ximenes, Eduardo, Lori Hoagland, Seockmo Ku, Xuan Li, and Michael Ladisch. "Human pathogens in plant biofilms: Formation, physiology, and detection." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 114, no. 7 (2017): 1403–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.26247.

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Ramage, Gordon, Ranjith Rajendran, Leighann Sherry, and Craig Williams. "Fungal Biofilm Resistance." International Journal of Microbiology 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/528521.

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Fungal biofilm infections have become increasingly recognised as a significant clinical problem. One of the major reasons behind this is the impact that these have upon treatment, as antifungal therapy often fails and surgical intervention is required. This places a large financial burden on health care providers. This paper aims to illustrate the importance of fungal biofilms, particularlyCandida albicans, and discusses some of the key fungal biofilm resistance mechanisms that include, extracellular matrix (ECM), efflux pump activity, persisters, cell density, overexpression of drug targets,

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Cerca, Nuno, Silvia Martins, Sanna Sillankorva, et al. "Effects of Growth in the Presence of Subinhibitory Concentrations of Dicloxacillin on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus Biofilms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 12 (2005): 8677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.12.8677-8682.2005.

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ABSTRACT Low concentrations of antibiotics can inhibit microbial adherence to medical device surfaces. However, little is known about the changes that occur in the physiology of bacteria within biofilms formed in the presence of subinhibitory (sub-MIC) concentrations of antibiotics. In this study, the densities and matrix compositions ofbiofilms formed by two coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species in the absence and in the presence of sub-MIC concentrations of dicloxacillin were evaluated. Biofilms formed in the presence of sub-MIC concentrations of dicloxacillin contained less biomass, and

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Li, Yung-Hua, Peter C. Y. Lau, Nan Tang, Gunnel Svensäter, Richard P. Ellen, and Dennis G. Cvitkovitch. "Novel Two-Component Regulatory System Involved in Biofilm Formation and Acid Resistance in Streptococcus mutans." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 22 (2002): 6333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.22.6333-6342.2002.

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ABSTRACT The abilities of Streptococcus mutans to form biofilms and to survive acidic pH are regarded as two important virulence determinants in the pathogenesis of dental caries. Environmental stimuli are thought to regulate the expression of several genes associated with virulence factors through the activity of two-component signal transduction systems. Yet, little is known of the involvement of these systems in the physiology and pathogenicity of S. mutans. In this study, we describe a two-component regulatory system and its involvement in biofilm formation and acid resistance in S. mutans

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Binnenkade, Lucas, Laura Teichmann та Kai M. Thormann. "Iron Triggers λSo Prophage Induction and Release of Extracellular DNA in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 Biofilms". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, № 17 (2014): 5304–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01480-14.

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ABSTRACTProphages are ubiquitous elements within bacterial chromosomes and affect host physiology and ecology in multiple ways. We have previously demonstrated that phage-induced lysis is required for extracellular DNA (eDNA) release and normal biofilm formation inShewanella oneidensisMR-1. Here, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms of prophage λSo spatiotemporal induction in biofilms. To this end, we used a functional fluorescence fusion to monitor λSo activation in various mutant backgrounds and in response to different physiological conditions. λSo induction occurred mainly in a subpop

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Le Sénéchal, Caroline, Mathilde Puges, Christophe Barthe, et al. "Analysis of the Phospholipid Profile of the Collection Strain PAO1 and Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Relation to Their Attachment Capacity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8 (2021): 4003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084003.

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Bacteria form multicellular and resistant structures named biofilms. Biofilm formation starts with the attachment phase, and the molecular actors involved in this phase, except adhesins, are poorly characterized. There is growing evidence that phospholipids are more than simple structural bricks. They are involved in bacterial adaptive physiology, but little is known about their role in biofilm formation. Here, we report a mass spectrometry analysis of the phospholipid (PL) profile of several strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. The aim of our study was to

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Sánchez-Herrera, Rocío, Lérida Liss Flores-Villavicencio, Juan Luis Pichardo-Molina, et al. "Analysis of biofilm formation by Sporothrix schenckii." Medical Mycology 59, no. 1 (2020): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myaa027.

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Abstract The development of mature biofilms is an aid in numerous aspects of the life cycle of fungi. It is well known that Sporothrix schenckii complex causes a benign subcutaneous mycosis, but recent studies have suggestedthat biofilm formation may be one of the important factors involved in its virulence. Here we report the study of the biomass organization and a model of the stages of S. schenckii biofilm development: adsorption, active adhesion, microcolony formation, maturation, and dispersal of biofilm fragments. During the development, the biofilm is surrounded by extracellular matrix,

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Yang, Jiayue, Yongshou Yang, Manami Ishii, et al. "Does the Gut Microbiota Modulate Host Physiology through Polymicrobial Biofilms?" Microbes and Environments 35, no. 3 (2020): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.me20037.

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Parkar, S. G., S. H. Flint, and J. D. Brooks. "Physiology of biofilms of thermophilic bacilli?potential consequences for cleaning." Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 30, no. 9 (2003): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-003-0081-x.

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Macià, María D., José L. Pérez, Soeren Molin, and Antonio Oliver. "Dynamics of Mutator and Antibiotic-Resistant Populations in a Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Treatment." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 11 (2011): 5230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00617-11.

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ABSTRACTBiofilm growth, antibiotic resistance, and mutator phenotypes are key components of chronic respiratory infections byPseudomonas aeruginosain cystic fibrosis patients. We examined the dynamics of mutator and antibiotic-resistant populations inP. aeruginosaflow-cell biofilms, using fluorescently tagged PAO1 and PAOMS (mutator [mutS] derivative) strains. Two-day-old biofilms were treated with ciprofloxacin (CIP) for 4 days (t4) at 2 μg/ml, which correlated with the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and provided an AUC/MIC ratio of 384 that should predict therapeutic success. Biofilms

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Sokaribo, Akosiererem S., Elizabeth G. Hansen, Madeline McCarthy, et al. "Metabolic Activation of CsgD in the Regulation of Salmonella Biofilms." Microorganisms 8, no. 7 (2020): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8070964.

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Among human food-borne pathogens, gastroenteritis-causing Salmonella strains have the most real-world impact. Like all pathogens, their success relies on efficient transmission. Biofilm formation, a specialized physiology characterized by multicellular aggregation and persistence, is proposed to play an important role in the Salmonella transmission cycle. In this manuscript, we used luciferase reporters to examine the expression of csgD, which encodes the master biofilm regulator. We observed that the CsgD-regulated biofilm system responds differently to regulatory inputs once it is activated.

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Lesouhaitier, Olivier, Thomas Clamens, Thibaut Rosay, et al. "Host Peptidic Hormones Affecting Bacterial Biofilm Formation and Virulence." Journal of Innate Immunity 11, no. 3 (2018): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493926.

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Bacterial biofilms constitute a critical problem in hospitals, especially in resuscitation units or for immunocompromised patients, since bacteria embedded in their own matrix are not only protected against antibiotics but also develop resistant variant strains. In the last decade, an original approach to prevent biofilm formation has consisted of studying the antibacterial potential of host communication molecules. Thus, some of these compounds have been identified for their ability to modify the biofilm formation of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In addition to their effect o

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Soro, Valeria, Lindsay C. Dutton, Susan V. Sprague, et al. "Axenic Culture of a Candidate Division TM7 Bacterium from the Human Oral Cavity and Biofilm Interactions with Other Oral Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 80, no. 20 (2014): 6480–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01827-14.

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ABSTRACTThe diversity of bacterial species in the human oral cavity is well recognized, but a high proportion of them are presently uncultivable. Candidate division TM7 bacteria are almost always detected in metagenomic studies but have not yet been cultivated. In this paper, we identified candidate division TM7 bacterial phylotypes in mature plaque samples from around orthodontic bonds in subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment. Successive rounds of enrichment in laboratory media led to the isolation of a pure culture of one of these candidate division TM7 phylotypes. The bacteria formed fi

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Kirby, Amy E., Kimberly Garner, and Bruce R. Levin. "The Relative Contributions of Physical Structure and Cell Density to the Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacteria in Biofilms." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 6 (2012): 2967–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.06480-11.

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ABSTRACTFor many bacterial infections, noninherited mechanisms of resistance are responsible for extending the term of treatment and in some cases precluding its success. Among the most important of these noninherited mechanisms of resistance is the ability of bacteria to form biofilms. There is compelling evidence that bacteria within biofilms are more refractory to antibiotics than are planktonic cells. Not so clear, however, is the extent to which this resistance can be attributed to the structure of biofilms rather than the physiology and density of bacteria within them. To explore the con

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KHELISSA, SIMON OUSSAMA, MARWAN ABDALLAH, CHARAFEDDINE JAMA, ALEXANDRE BARRAS, and NOUR-EDDINE CHIHIB. "Comparative Study on the Impact of Growth Conditions on the Physiology and the Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm and Planktonic Cells." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 8 (2019): 1357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-565.

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ABSTRACT The aim of the present work was to study and compare the effect of growth temperature (20, 30, and 37°C) and surface type (stainless steel and polycarbonate) on the production of virulence factors, such as proteases and siderophores, and the risk of surface contamination associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm and planktonic cells. The increase of growth temperature from 20 to 37°C increased (approximately twofold) the electronegative charge and the hydrophobicity of the P. aeruginosa biofilm cell surface. P. aeruginosa biofilm cell adhesion to stainless steel and polycarbonate

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Yin, Supeng, Bei Jiang, Guangtao Huang, et al. "The Interaction of N-Acetylcysteine and Serum Transferrin Promotes Bacterial Biofilm Formation." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 45, no. 4 (2018): 1399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000487566.

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Background/Aims: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a novel and promising agent with activity against bacterial biofilms. Human serum also inhibits biofilm formation by some bacteria. We tested whether the combination of NAC and human serum offers greater anti-biofilm activity than either agent alone. Methods: Microtiter plate assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to evaluate bacterial biofilm formation in the presence of NAC and human serum. qPCR was used to examine expression of selected biofilm-associated genes. Extracellular matrix (ECM) was observed by transmission electron micro

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Leech, James Thomas, Isaac Vizcaino-Caston, Tania Barberi, Rebecca Goss, Mark Simmons, and Tim Overton. "Analysis and Optimisation of the Physiology of Engineered Biofilms for Biotransformations." New Biotechnology 31 (July 2014): S86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2014.05.1810.

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Folsom, James P., Lee Richards, Betsey Pitts, et al. "Physiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilms as revealed by transcriptome analysis." BMC Microbiology 10, no. 1 (2010): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-10-294.

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Taggart, Megan G., William J. Snelling, Patrick J. Naughton, Roberto M. La Ragione, James S. G. Dooley, and Nigel G. Ternan. "Biofilm regulation in Clostridioides difficile: Novel systems linked to hypervirulence." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 9 (2021): e1009817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009817.

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Clostridiodes difficile (C. difficile) was ranked an “urgent threat” by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2019. C. difficile infection (CDI) is the most common healthcare-associated infection (HAI) in the United States of America as well as the leading cause of antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal disease. C. difficile is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming, anaerobic bacterium that causes infection of the epithelial lining of the gut. CDI occurs most commonly after disruption of the human gut microflora following the prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

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